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FIND A WIZARD, CONSIDER TAKING A CRASH DUMP, OR TYPE P TO ATTEMPT TO REVIVE THE SYSTEM.,:,v-,DDT. TYPE P TO CONTINUE.,:`p F,:a,:,v-,HALT. FIND A WIZARD OR CONSIDER TAKING A CRASH DUMP. THE SYSTEM HAS CRASHED AND CANNOT BE REVIVED WITHOUT EXPERT ATTENTION. IF YOU CAN'T FIND HELP, RELOAD THE SYSTEM. ,m+o< qDSxx,:,: CZ0`[5B{+~[.,* o (*#o,Z/Lh6@hX; h` ,]GL).+m3l7+$j/,2l7` ,.l7+o,pR0Z0Q.A`4\1<+,&+K,`+,:,+ K>`h`'/>+ &14Fm,9 r+%C5ems$qQ,A`p,Zo6@a@@ap8qp*9spN: >>*>E F,e ",6@+,m2l7`Q 8A (@ (`$s ii .$vi Q,A`o Mw}!>>Op@+x#|#| -wqHܔq I c'Q>( I  fjMQB(P‚uI  i~QF(XV -u• - gI ThQRxÅe -QA-gxV\ -]Æ -1Æ -1Æ -1w -c -4( -iÈ{ -i? -5È -k ~ -kÉ1 - c -" @e -9 @ -Tf=I @K"+Oc` Ĩ -d oI @/Q)H]I  qQ%|i" -c - -! 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' ]1/ ] ]1. ] ] ]1/ ]1/1/ ]1/ ]1. ]1.1/1/ ]1/ ] ]1/ ]1/1/ ]1/ ]1/ ]1. ]1.1. ] ]1/ ] ]1/ ]1. ] ]1. ] ]1. ]1. ] ] ]` " geI&Mis` `b` $x-/$.$x-/$.$x-/$.$x-/$.$x-/$x-`m:L*fr s,z ^)fC2^)d+v61Cp` GW+vC,:^"nTP4" &"x$"x " - Z4D0$%>+a0FaP+F)f  D)f(  )f-2B)e`)+,Z+v B)eZo~ "1,Z`;=+,;+ +rbA+!#sIt& 9*}c?:.w2m]:yg! oC! E!I WVX"$AY)5)A)@ a$)5)A)@Af.G  nrG k 8y,=~7W8080 FLAG OR FLAG 24 SETNON-EX IO REG WITH PI IN PROGRESS PC=NXM OR PARITY ERROR WITH PI IN PROGRESSPAGE FAULT IN USER MODE WITH PI IN PROGRESSPAGE FAULT WITH PI IN PROGRESSPAGE FAULT IN NULL JOBNXM OR PARITY ERROR DIDN'T INTERRUPTPAGE FAULT IN SYSTEM ATNON-EX IO REG PC=PAGE FAULT WITH CLKOFF AT y,8?@BOGUS PAGE FAIL CODE B n o[ @!&+@+$  4 7 B[+(g RANDOM INTERRUPT, APR PI TOO MANY PARITY ERRORS. PREV STATUS=)3 m "+lW+ <+ '`@ O N'e,z ; @ y,4$H `#+QLW<<<t+'O@ZPcF!,z[P3D@@P,zA j(!(XH C VSOME JOB IS ITS OWN SUPERIOR, U AND I= 9,w+~UFLS WITH PI IN PROGRESS `i,HRETURNABLE UUO FROM SYS OR CORE JOB,PC=RETURNABLE UUO FROM EXEC aQTuLMODE,PC=f,F,UUO WITH PI IN PROGRESSUUO IN NULL JOB6 y,;UUO WHILE IN AC BLK  .y,: n oR@ ,``UUO WITH PI IN PROGRESSUUO IN NULL JOBUUO WHILE IN AC BLK MUUO IN EXEC MODE, PC=LUUO IN EXEC MODE,PC=TRAP IN EXEC MODE,PC=O<+6@@6y,r@ `c\ b b@w>o `>o eh.ehC7+p!6@!64@!6<@/* `G HZ[  ` +r$B ,s0G"|`EO@HC$"Y"06 `#8WC+$+0,D0,0,ZP6 X0 `#8 `P$\h hb$k`$L(J,z$$A*0`|(< ` A@B5+& 7bH7|  A 'CD.,EpP!V}Pm]@H@#6)+.)+$)+ ` @@ 6! *.0$("H LOGIN AH +)7`):y8E`>\y\a,G~\y,-[+-N,mD,,,=+r,B  |0,m7p `p,ED,X?`  X H  V p H  x(,.-//`.J.P.PX D( ( @  D@,|66 ZP7 cH!,zZ/$ ,YGwb,z"*(‪+0AB PMT: MP BUF REMAINS AT CLOSEMT: PI BUF REMAINS AT CLOSEMT:BFRS QUEUED AT CLOSEMT: PI INPUT BUF LEFT AT CLOSE [TAPE READ BUFFER VANISHED ;No error shoulda been a bufferAT{ ;!"0+1c @A,0,0 MT PI CODE LOST TRANSPORTMTAPE: RH11 ERROR, STATUS=TM STATUS=MTAPE: FORMATTER ERROR, STATUS=00$0,m`2MT BUF CHANGED INTO SOME OTHER KIND??MT: ACCEPTING QUESTIONABLE WRITE OPERATIONMT: RETRYING WRITE OPERATIONMT: CHN NOT OPEN FOR READING,m`3[0`3[H4#,0 \F$@,/>+2H$&(A40($G>m[w,7 ,z,=i;,s+6U4@@$@A$P$@@@a4Ѭ`7@,`7C~[Z:t]g5,Z`8DSK: DIR CREATED BY ;;,s`9 7201-MFD CLOBBERED  8B[?!y-,`,z(/I+7 <8<$@$@C3,|+d +<+<$7 oXPo+<{ ,s`=9>4(\9>2  4p  @a8@8?+r,z6ADSK: MASSBUS ERROR, CS1=:@Cz+D|D:@C{`DDSK: UNIT #CAME BACK ONLINE, CS1=STS=ER1=ER2=ER3=CDSK: UNIT #LOSING. CS1= CS2=:A++DjDSK: ERR UNIT #CS1=CS2=DSK: ERR UNIT #ER1=ER2=ER3=STARTING DISK ADDR=DSK: TOO MANY ERRORS(Cw.$=E1HCDSK: ECC CORRECTED ERROR, UNIT #CYL HEAD SEC QSRACCpCp S ";+EXMFD CLOBBEREDMFD HAS WRONG NUMBER OF DIRECTORIES$ ( B $ A0( PDSK: HUNG ON UNIT #ADDR=B`BDSK: IRREC DATA ERR #UNIT=BLK=&( ,z&(,z&(,z$0 .0P,z$0.0P@,z$0.0P,z"8 XBq+GlMFD CLOBBEREDTUT CLOBBERED @B[DIR CLOBBEREDBq,DZ`H`f J3`I@`H?+I!2t@a,``Ie 0( $  $A]A]A]bJ08Jv$8Jv8M Channel closed( NO,TB`Os$8K0P`TZpL>3bpKA:h,z@M @M"(@M"`OB`O"``OH}O },P +P*$p8 Z8KLu{8)`+P H  y-aL`/>+q0*2  NO 8M \+TB@xpNU`Q7`8KA`Q;,TO+Q (Q(B H8M; *t J8MT`Q'P5[8KZ4BUX0L@`QIP>8K( 08KZ,T8ꀞ J8N (Q(B H8Mm`Q;:8N!".B8Mm`QI 6,RT+Q/Timeout+R+TF@ 8(@( Illegal byte countIllegal opcode @NI`T(@0J`T`R=)U System not upp@@`T H  R !`Connection does not exist at this end `$8 p$|`R ZR+RvZ8K([8L>2< +S`T:Ni+S~:Nj+S~:Nk+S~rh2@(D(D D b.9;"S@N+T-@N+T-@N+T-p@+T a\ :h,zLUNCHXBw+{@CHAOS NET ATTEMPTING TO USE TOO MUCH CORE0QF@5Fr@@@+r 0N(,TB!U 0N(T`U+)16+0 +OxZKk`U)+UB+U"`+U P)Bx(($wl"`(l"`)B|((B)Bl"$`|(l"A`+U80( dFl"@+U8)B|(B()B|l"@+U8!$Qx5!$@cDK+UDBDK`[P!$@bD8K`[!& Qx5`[GD8KpP+UI00( STYOPN !, `Vx5>8xD7j h<0.khZ!?+W `We a16`W`W9m|$F `X? % _ +XM  ,z+XZq`X 0$<,z`X!$u,zy"oY%,zy"qY%,zv =mPu+SSM`MI'N"  A 0 A@ />+( `( `([I+Zx ƀaZZh 8v:,w[ 4B ( `\-7`8t[I+Zi2|8t[I[I[I+Zi`T [I!<`51B ",zTTY: BUFFER EMPTY AT TYIREMTTY: TINTC OR ECHOC OVER-DECREMENTED/>O`[-[Fy-Q],z6 8t}`[[Fy-Q]O@t},z_Q!0);Bp8y+[\ \ \ L,:]c,Z2\,z`x`\v3$0vP\`\]L "E],]/`\,^d+]/`],\_`]-TTY: OUTPUT BUFFER POINTER PAST END OF BUFFERTTY: OUTPUT BUFFER OVERFLOWED, TYOWNC IS TOO SMALL\7^,^gv+^^"/"`^; 8u{^Yv =^0 8u{/8vv`]QASv_]cv\U+]/ax@,z "B`^y$A+_ , L8t)`_yaD`_x5ad`_+_^ P8y 4B`\3 8xn`|`x ``5``s,[&+`!(G4 +]DCG4+`2ECHOC is  but ECHOP equals TIIP. TICC=. TTY ECHOING LAST CHAR BU4T ECHOC IS . TTY wp`S:+,zO `a "(m`a+aL =00 =B b`bY6 I j jB>:(>(I8v%bgҜv5v huv v5+h<Cd0b,i B8u'+e+i![?2hB:  K+i6B GK+i6J[H?KddH!4H!5r-`Uduwv  K 񢍓        c@HJz-[@Ls}H!T     H!VNH!ZsvdydtH!`H!as}H!c& !dMs@}H!fH!is@v`y`ts@}H!fMQ R  H!sPa@pa@ @ OH!zQd@H!}N(H!DpGdq[>27;29;30;33;34;35;37;40;46;51l[>52h[@DwbGwb$yBAD SPEED CODE FOR DZ-11. LINEv*T"sDZ11 NOT RESPONDING (CHECK THE BREAKER ON THE UNIBUS). LINEp`k!J$QHHO@H ZH[HZH[s;L pzp+z6DHH0 0$ ay-|=`{;|!<b\`~Y+{f@+x$   ZLl(@+|]+| 怛[`gD,5+|572Hxn`i,+|5 $$ b|,<#+}B8L}.` 6Fud";,zb}NO CORE AVAIL FOR MMP PAGE$ +~$HH+P+~P b~+~a+~t+~b/+$$+ $8QU( QU AU QU )U+P,QU, UH+P$H+P@ 0z+@ UD U8 U0 U( AU( U_.ZB+ .$+W6 1,5c\1-`41,r!<`Qb\1-6 1,5`5\5+},s+ I@@O l ( H( 0e`01U  0@0@     688<@k`4F 7+ R.F`.f` J.Sh0w>hw,s`;.R:y-777ISE0 NO SUCH DEVICE WRONG DIRECTION TOO MANY TRANSLATIONS FILE NOT FOUND DIRECTORY FULL DEVICE FULL DEVICE NOT READY DEVICE NOT AVAILABLE ILLEGAL FILE NAME MODE NOT AVAILABLE FILE ALREADY EXISTS BAD CHANNEL NUMBER TOO MANY ARGUMENTS (CALL) PACK NOT MOUNTED DIRECTORY NOT AVAIL NON-EXISTENT DIRECTOmG2~92 TTY UNAME JNAME CORE TOTAL IDX Z 1,w`eFREE CORE OUT Qt/"'[[A[KILLED HOUR-OLD DETACHED JOB, # , USR: LOGOUT ^^ GUNNED DOWN BY @n@ L&2x`$4,` h+'!<p,3\-t+-TOP LEVEL INTERRUPT &$; DETACHED JOB # KILLED JOB # .$@`i( Top level interrupt, tree detached AI ITS 1643 System fully loaded. Console AI ITS 1643 Console Free.$<*nCULPRIT = AI ITS 1643 GOING DOWN IN AI ITS 1643 REVIVED. >sI?=`[M@$ 5A AI ITS 1643 NOT IN OPERATIONPAGER DATA CLOBBERED. MAY BE DEC-TTL LEVEL CONVERTERS LOSING.@SYSTEM CLOBBERED BETWEEN AND XOR= !* *QP],z SYS MSGS LOST /7 L7,pC .$k,d+ `iPI LEVEL .$riCK+.BUG YOU ARE NOW IN DDT.BUGPC/Q-2/ AI ITS 1643 IN OPERATION AI ITS 1643 BEING DEBUGGED AI ITS 1643 SYSTEM JOB USING THIS CONSOLE.NON-EX MEM ERROR #PAGE FAIL ERROR #PARITY ERROR #, PC = , JOB # , USR:, PFW = ERR ADDR = ADDR AND = , ADDR IOR = DATA AND = , DATA IOR = PARITY ERRORS: ...oJNI Y&u0 [P\3%+THE KS-10 CLOCK HAS BEEN RESET, IF THE TIME CANNOT BE DETERMINED FROM THE NETWORK, YOU MAY HAVE TO :PDSET YEAR, !iPDTIME OFFSET, NOT ON DISK. 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HV0F!+[8S@xv~XF @0_@(`INX/L<gg*7@_B-` b@c@M&eI7@@@++ @@G2~9 @@++ @`Y.*2D(+:`mTACTIPMIT-Q*`"(@!" z1, aD~+l(Dx)(Dlx+l@5%@Hq+x]_B-`(@5a@@o#MZ@@@@eF=@@@]$``%@S? @G2~9 `%@`@G2~9 @_B-`a@@eF= @`@@5%@a/%z ')'@a/%z'@`r8(@@ @@a/%z'@++@a/%z '@a/%z'You are the wrong host.@a/%z'+ ' (l"A`+[0( dl"@+[)B|(B()B|l"@+[5XX CSR x3-33935XX CSR x3-3393505 Saltzer x3-6016,1zq]@5XX CSR, x3-33935XX CSR, x3-33935XX CSR, x3-3393Dialup inside MITDialup inside MITDialup inside MITVadic 120cps TIP5XX CSR x3-33935XX CSR x3-3393206 HP2640 x3-1419DSSR UNIX x3-604830cps dialup30cps dialup30cps dialup30cps dialup120/15cps dialup120/15cps dialup120/15cps dialupVadic 120cps dialupTTY near TIPLine from SU-AI9600 baud ADM-3Qx``pp!,X\ pl3p+ pB+ p)7`~+p + '@'vp+tkRestarting is not possible.Xp p,p9pq`pM|ZP p# Dpp%@Hpp'@@p`pAd,~p1x`pp3p,~p1pppkpqqqq/p1p1`pEd9p pS[Q8A`pdh@ +p&p`p=6`0hpW`pY+ `@6!+p,@ +p&  B;+p\  P O B w3cp`p=,tx`p=p,1:xvp`,~p[Q8A`4zu=zp;,~1p}jzB{$x`@,~@++ 6$@`pD@)s@@)s9 Ugh! 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Send mail to BUG-CRTSTY@MC about this!D] ^,p9pq+X7,4dh0`mI zINX=9Y>8GJ:@_B-`( ^^^^`X@Y?P X@_B-`( ^^^@^0+^0B^)^-d`X@M&eI7 @c\ "M:p@gRdy:oc\%xf$ Hl NOHl O `XX5j^( * `XTerminal already specified!X^+ ^.,p9pq,~"^a" is not a valid terminal name or option. ^cUsage is $^m:^8 H^9Do ^y HELP for help.<^{ Terminals are:^@ ^Options are: ; Terminal description: HEIGHT , WIDTH , , SPEED , ISPEED , OSPEED , NO ABS, NO TABS, NO BELL, NO CLEOL, NO CLEOS, NO LID, NO CID, [NO] META, [NO] EDIT, SCRLCOUNT ; ITS options (same meaning as with TCTYP): GLASS,@aVvxfd SAIL, SCROLL ; CRTSTY options: [NO] INVERSE, VISBEL, WHOLINE, ALARM , [NO] SMEOL, STEOS, NO LOGIN, LOGIN , NO WARN, SOFTOK, SLAVE, NO SII, NO ATTACH, DEBUG, BUFFER , TTY , SIMULATE ^Terminal id may be one of:h^mPUnknown terminal type! `_ _,p9+YTerminal already specified!X_ _ ,p9pq,~Ridiculous screen width\_ _,p9pq,~Ridiculous heightD_!_%,p9pq,~Impossible alarm time(__/,p9pq,~Unreasonable buffer size@__9,p9pq,~No simulate code exists for that terminalH_X#zxg$_G,p9pq,~?HELPTERMVTLINELWIDTHPAGELHEIGHTSPEED1103006001200180024004800960019200OSPEEDISPEEDAUTONLABSTABSBELLCLEOLCLEOSLIDCIDSCRLCOUNTSAILSCROLLGLASSINVERSETRANSLUCENTVISBELWHOLINEALARMMETAEDITSMEOLSTEOSTPCBSLOGINWARNSOFTOKSIIATTACHFLUSHDEBUGBUFFERTTYSIMULATE@ITSSLAVEZ`Z1B`Z+Y~, _S`l`Z_`Z_`ZYArgument missing@__,p9pq,~Numeric argument missing`_ __,p9pq,~Number in bad format.d4|AgdP_@_B-` Specified TTY not available.`_g _j,p9`pM@_B-`( lw`[NZ lIl`_o@kOh9 0@iSN9:__i'gSOY2m_OY2 @7_@iSNh9i' @iSM|o&&J @lQLzl߱ yhUyh iZ2%Īyh+E&gm3qh0G#>Ah]H :H :H :  `8yhbҵ@gSMi:  }j\ _[+ ,~Sh ^ , +`oUX_6@/+4`0RF=n4N:aI P]  N_ .`p+t #$0.. / N`"`.L_+,~!.N6@/++_+xdZ`1L1S5n/JN,~`}d0LX$.tSQ6@a`6@``g ^ L] , L`+/[2n` `U`+ ` _.L_"`.L`p,`A`Q6@-=6@-Y *{Y@A[>a@QJ+/^    ` h+ v  \d1 <, dv +V6@d,~B0*V h :d,~X`Xv%`k+j4$j G$ & +j#'8Bj`+ h@gSLy: @@@6@1h`4<z3\d@@d5\z`k4$O@f+z[/Y 6@- 6@-1J`1+0Fd0BO@e` 0B`,~X0,~ P- 1B1``<$c`4"c[`=7@c`p`E0 aB@+Y`+YO@-I`>`11"x` pE1`j`` 0+, +z` ` ` "+\`` +*1B`i0+?0`Q*+W0`0`1B +M+V +V+>+1 %0+/RK+, "+z+10Bx`c+z2+&1J(2+*7@,,~@@,,>`,dd 1J~l `0d,^ " (I`a+@(E,~+@(G (I`80aXaaXa~:@.+V,~[@@- 4,~,~i J^  5J3J0,~ J02,g1J/*` *~` * ,~k 6mJ` `7 "4(r+0`1BB,g0+z6@e,~+ ,~s!$ =9",~ %0`1"+zQKB`@g&~@W,~W+>6@,,~O@,+9@G;y:@@G;9:FYES@gSLy: @@@r\ykJ j7@13BT3BU`p+Z]a)v]a)+W(D&^(.h0Y0_[O@-Y[@@-[v_[ `Y[ a6`^@@^81FK @+ 1F 1F[1FK 1FY1F^1FX`Q"A` B]_+x " $- "`d1B11dd ^`6@/+   D) F^6@-,'Y`],>+W\D il@,ppoNA0a01CRTSTYd@  O%@%@@@qS!Dq= !Dp*@pi pAp?@p$`pQ\rl{ (O|K~O (SO (̳~YlV @@ @A @v2qY5OGl2y @yGy2qsYuuZ}h =9 uZ}h =9 x*P3B7G]AB ~O1qp Qpxuxtz}pxt@z(}pxuzH}pxu@zh}pxv{}pxv@{(}pxw{H}pxw@{h}`~Yx`'_+ pax;xQxvhy-+ vhvvp\u7tW৹( }AII*S13""*155**Y1|&1/3&use9s#ai9S4a9e=5%}|g?}p}?}p}}'?}p}G?}p}}g?}p $  $D$ $D $D$,^,~ *,,~ *,,~ ..9ˀ4LQNx,[xN,~@,> ,(N-,^,~,5.k%+B, N _*h c N*,$ `j,~'  v v,~-=`,~ !C ! 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Stanworth Dr. Princeton, N.J. 08540(609) 921-1321*TMReiman%PPC.MFENET@NMFECC.ARPACFFK 861213-100401AHR@AI @MC @MX @MDAJAYMMoskowitz, Alan J.FILDI GROUP RELATNE43-3133-351259 MacArthur Road Natick, MA 01760653-2202Peter SzolovitsClinical Decision MakingAJAYM@MX*ZRApril 7New England Med Ctr 171 Harrison Ave, Box 302 Boston, MA 02111 Phone: 956-5910ajm@OberonPSZ 870226-082252AJAYM@AI @MC @MX @MDAJMERAAjmera, Ramesh C.RAMESHFILDI GROUP RELATtLEFxEAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY ,GREENVILLE919-75763201317 SONATA ST. GREENVILLE919-756 7974SOLUTION OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONAUSERS0*TMSEPT.30 1940MXINQUIR 830512-000000AJMERA@MC AJMERA@ML AJMERA@DM AKRKrymm, AlexAlexFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-7373-8837NY(212) 879-1384Parallel Processing and VisionAKr*ASFebruary 10AKr@AIAKR 881124-213157AKR@AI @MC @MX @MDsAKRAMRam, Abhay K.AbhayFILDI GROUP RELAT38-2563-2595Prof. Bers*PMMXINQUIR 830512-000000AKRAM@MC AKRAM@ML AKRAM@DM ALANBawden, AlanSpacemanFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-7233-884329 Reed St., Cambridge, MA 02140492-7274my own .L5(x@goodtoo many thingsSYS`,January 23AIALAN 891112-215957ALAN@AI @MC @MX @MD{ALAN5Bawden, AlanSpacemanFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-723x8843AlantapesALANAlan`,July 2Alan@AIALAN5 880702-181326ALAN5@AI @MC @MX @MDALANRRuttenberg, AlanFILDI GROUP RELATE15-4943-060876 Boston Ave Medford MA 02155483-1796MinskySchubert*S January 2alanr@media-lab.media.mit.eduALAN 890612-193010ALANR@AI @MC @MX @MDALBBrown, Allen L., Jr.AllenFILDI GROUP RELATG.E. Corporate R&D, P.O. Box 8, Schenectady, NY 12301(518)386-83851296 Lowell Rd., Schenectady, NY 12808(518)374-1884General ElectricSchVF?}3x@ _A?@`A+_^FJ@Wa;xi@+Q*^O5@;QUno@׈x7@𚴿 '`x@Ոxy@:!9Sx7@ 0^l{@#I,nu@hno@ -i,r׈F@Y$,4o@,9^@#)5{^wm@׈m@褵^wm@h0%w]@,$B@l$B@}YD&׈m @0QVhm@ħ׈m@𥐡^lh@툩^lm@!1 PO5@^ic@vi%^ls@=QH6(@fy=[׈x7@y x7@)tjM%@QF^l{@U!9bxs@׈m@*A8WFJ@L)5^lp@ [F׈5@) S̀Q@'^ls@ MY:!xw@49!~s,Ox@x1@sIw^ic@3i $04o@;8=x7@2ALx=@ y 3^FJ@!R^m@I&N$B@Gno@^lw@0Aq*^ic@A$e׈V@,=[K@^m@Qno@ ׈x7@ S-Qi@Pno@)A׈@![x7@䕹^if$ݍex@@ i'4 vPO5@47^lu@t]A`6(@-ş^Az@!D8x=@,] vP6@ aQ; -hZi@"1*^^lm@б^6+@`촑x=@C׈x1@-׈V@ aA5Fw@ YQDQi@Y)'no@蘧׈m@<^FJ@ Ni0p׈m @ (a(x7@'Ԗ1}t @Ԕ'^@ xq[@d vPO5@{aA׈f@ 9qC@'`x@/Y|^lw@ȶ^FJbwC[5x@D!(xm@𪨘N8 @E{@U A>^ls@ H׈m@쪛^lm@ "/^lh@=m^lw@\[׈@3 #E׈x=@@׈m @*)1N8 @񈠛/^ic@Jxe@>ܬ׈l@Aȼ '`FJ@ x!:'xs@Ix=@_).,F@796^^FJ@ Y4&^6(@LQu@vA8i׈\/@`׈x7@ON8 @.@{9@gno@PaEWVhm@WI@:&6#@>л5׈x1@)./'`FJ@a׈m @x1@r׈l@Ԃno@c9[׈l@m9V'`FJ@񏰨׈m@L׈@a!m׈x=@(no@ ) }t @ VY%Qx@׈@ܑ^x@LqL׈@r1'" vPO5@xxWFJ@@,Ux=@r\ D0D=@r4 D0D=@'X}t @Rq׈@ԶWt[;@k%^4J@Qxq@@C׈m @@׈5@^um@$- D8ii@3 `N8 @=IAA׈x1@yD^ls@KA'g^lp@5Ȱ}^lw@ -[AA@$9t vPO5@Fq^li@PЇ׈@t^B!@Qx1@iENF@=y 6^lw@^6+@ni+wF@Q.^|@ -I0j׈m @@1x[@xs@ oY#<׈x1@ a^ic@ 1%x1@wQi@ y $B!@ yE~׈m @rQ>0׈//@4Z5 x`/L<@_B-`  +  @ @M&eI7@@@++ @@G2~9 @@++ @`.*2D(+`-TACTIP (++MIT-Q*`"@!" z, 1, aD~`(Dx)(D /`@]% zG T#@S? @G2~9 ` ] @_B-` G@@eF= @`@8 <(@ < w@ @@a/%z w@++@a/%z  w y@a/%z wYou are the wrong host.@a/%z w { w@i| *X1Kx@@@++ @@@kOh9  `@@o#MZ @ { @ | @kOh9 (`@$-.lAll sockets in use.-.lNetwork down. 8+u-.lConnection cannot be opened because of inconsistent byte sizes.@S?\tKK@_B-`  [@? Internal error - @S? `@@S?|-.lTimed-out while awaiting response to opening of connection.-.lTimed-out while listening for request to open connection.Connection closed.listening.wedged, SYN rcvd but not acked.being closed by foreign host.waiting for response to SYN.open.open,Z\/px output buffer full.being closed by user.closed, input still available.open, input available.? Socket entered illegal state # x.,+#@e  @ @ @`@ À S +X`@]% z`@ Host is expected back up -.lover a week from now.  at  EST. EDT.on Mondayon Tuesdayon Wednesdayon Thursdayon Fridayon Saturdayon Sundayon April Fool's dayTimed-out while connection closedlisteninghas received RFCtrying to get connectedopenlostbrokenConnection -- @a/%z wIllegal close-reason code??Conneq?mx@ction never opened??Connection legitimately closed??Connection closed by foreign host.Connection reset by foreign host.Host died.Incomplete transmission - foreign host or network died.Byte size mismatch??Local Network Control Program reset.Request for Connection refused by foreign host.Illegal host-dead code?? Network lossage. Destination Host dead. Foreign Network Control Program not in operation. Destination Host or IMP does not exist. Destination Host is initializing its NCP software. Destination Host down for scheduled maintenance. Destination Host down for scheduled haaEJxrdware work. Destination Host down for scheduled software work. Destination Host is in emergency restart. Destination Host down due to power failure. Destination Host is stopped at a breakpoint. Destination Host down due to hardware failure. Destination Host is not scheduled to be up. (Undefined host-down code 13.) (Undefined host-down code 14.) Destination Host is coming up now. (l"A``0( Yl"@`)B|(B()B|l"@`@_B-`   +H@I@++  ` @++  ` H @++ L){ (j@ @x@Ph@a/%z @ ) LP\l + [(l@+ [(l+ `H.$6@(CP!F Not enough Chaosnet channels@@P+(W-2+7H +S@a/%zP!@ )@pDATA-CONNECTIONF Not enough I/O channelsUNDATA-CONNECTION@x@G2~9 @P!@G2~9 (CLOGIN 8@`sHOMEDIR INX@_B-`  0$ > }@ ?@++  8` 0@++ ` 0 @++   0 @5 @ @ @ @ @`@{[0[ MI'N" @_B-`|8q @G2~9 @|@_B-`|odXlx@8q0N+ f` @G2~9 @| H` 00['!P@ x, + ??? K` - M+ @F Cannot map INQUIR database-2+7]O@++ F Not logged in" EF Unknown OPEN option-2+7ull2+ F Illegal byte sizeF Unknown IF-EXISTS option.(*h M-2+7kVx`F Unknown IF-DOES-NOT-EXIST option-2+7u@p 8q JPc+ _@_B-``f(OP\(Pc(@e(O@P\(@Pc($@g&~@(O@c;x`a@+ gd2]`@+ g` @c\(O@ @G2~9 x(O@_B-``f(OP\(Pc( _W&:@_B-``f(OP\ (OPEN 1,w+ t@%(O@@@M&eI7(O@@ NIL T "@e.J(O,>/,w,^+@G2~9 (O@H: ; 7LPc,~,w+ ERROR F 7@%,~` c (at inside FILE server)KK@_B-` G  F Channel not openCLOSE @%(O@@e@M&eI7(O@@@(O(@PcF Cannot rename output file to real names@g.J(O@e(O@P\(@Pc(@G2~9 (OF Illegal file handle for FILEPOSvax@<FILEPOS@c\(O@F Cannot set pointer(F SET-BYTE-SIZE only allowed for binary fileSET-BYTE-SIZE(y@%](ODELETE@%]%`fP\(Pc(DELETE@`f(O(@PcRENAME@e(O@P\(@Pc(RENAME@e`f?(@Pc F Cannot rename across devices-2+78F Cannot rename across directoriesF Channel cannot continueCONTINUE@g&~@(O(y@P@,bF Not logged inF Must have a file handleF Channel wrong directionF Unknown DIRECTORY option-2+7uF Unknown file handlxe argument to PROPERTIES@e@P\(@Pc(@_B-``f (OP\(Pc(@@u` SERROR WKF F CANNOT LIST ARCHIVE DEVICE[ P\?0L@` , 8 ,z +%DIRECTORYPROPERTIESCLOSE@G2~9 (OF Can't have more than one directory open at a timeZ:1i&I@_B-``f  P\? 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P L*%2@%DAPC2P =\3Gd/n.n!(34|*!8* 20@" %Aj +AJh!'o K|58 >xc c\Ip7H""F@ Hw>en *(I|Gx3T*1XG\2](/S( tG Lt]c J n2hO@/( L [%*5<b Kl  r==m+d 6 @3H`&j `c Ol4 ?/GD]rC T{@7$z O2"\  AQ^d AA0;#d% te{)lx3N@5*` ! ~4 QzMm =li@C,h ATe l30!( v\nF]  C@I5X>0D*4@o DLZPJ=RM w\T* m@Y(/TGcb@k# ,? @3p*Hht 8]7U>  <*&+G t lr \h# \[,HT ,HT%  )h,HU(T@,I@@,IV'$Tp@,I^EV,IfD ,Ifc| @,Ig`.y,JI5@,JI5P"@D\,JK bb\x4 D@,JN ,JO2lL\,JOQ D\!,JOS ,JO` ,JP,J\(6g,J_`D0,J` 1,J`N@1 ,J`zX 1,Ja,K 1,Ja,u\1,Ja<\,JbEV\/,Jf,Jk@@0z,Jk`@@\",JlX0,JnP,JrEWU,KP/,K5,K#u` 5,K.@D5,K.D &,K.c|\),K/` ,K@,KLX 2),KLZP,KP@2+,KPN,KjA`,L]l?@,L]|P,L ,L"2`P,L#8,LP,LQW Th,LQ2,Ld0`2a,MP,N ,NI)`,NI)rb`(2,NP2,NPx14,NxE-ZC-x -p2j- -!K \H-RT(#-d*(\-y\LxJdLRx4N-{ \-|Q(-&Vt+0\K-Qx-@-:iap\T-:l?@ @-:|-& x-*-*8/5-*r\[-+1\Z-+8-+;p-+;hZ` /4-+?p\Y-.\^-.!/ \c-.AopD\]-.Xp-2@P-2D /<-2c| @\g-3`-T@ -TBr(@Y-@-zX0--E \q-]`-]hD@-# -*(M-*EV-N -^-_PA-` -`E`\\-f P-fN@PG-fzX &Y-(M-4k"T -N-%5d\-&(D!-@-L@-LB2Vu@-L\D]-L\D- @KC^Ikx5- Hy`(K- JK>- Jf2U0$- Jf2V,,T]- N - P- P!2bp])- P"7"P- P/- P;^KF- P;p]/- Pd - Pd$&t*]7- Q7 - Q;]1- Qk:;F08<c=qp8?] =N;m(-e30320Z8{h9(p-Lz-A͠& Compare String with Buffer& Compare Windows& Correct Buffer Spelling& Correct Word Spelling& Edit Options Help& ITS Get Spell Job& Kill Spell Job& Process Init Vars& Spell JCL& Spell Replace Word& Twenex Get Spell JobEdit OptionsEdit Syntax Table< x' 0:g4-*"n1:g4-*"n!'' .(g:..q(q0))j q9"n:s"e.,zk!'' zji:  q:..q(q0+1)u1fq1:"l34i.(g1)j <@:f"l.-z;29ic>!'!34i' "#q1\' i .u19ig4 q1j1a-!"ed@:f!l.,zk' q1j:l.,zk i  > :i..jEdit Options m.m& Edit Options Helpf[HelpMacro 0u0j fsLinesu1q1"efsHeight-(fsEchoLines)-1u1' q0+2-q1"lq0+2fsLines' j0u..H 128*5,32:i*[..D *5:f..D / "*5:f..D |!'! j <0,1af :"ll!'.-z; .,(:s:;).-1x1 q1u3 @f l 1a-34"n:\u2 q2-q3"nq2u1#r%1Qx=N'' "#.+1,(@fll).-1x2 @:i2"2"!''! q3fp"lq2u1' "#f=23"nq2u1''' l>  fsLinesf"n-5"l 5fsLines''w :ftYou are editing a table of all the permanent EMACS options q9"nf=9"nft whose names contain "9"!''!'' ft. When you exit, via  2,(33.fs^RInit)m(m.mWhere Is)"eftM-X ^R Exit' ft, the options left in the buffer will be reset. You can abort with  2,(m.mAbort Recursive Edit)m(m.mWhere Is)"eftM-X Abort Recursive Edit' ft. Do you wish to see details about the option table format? m(m.m& Yes or No)"e0u..h' 0fsLinesw :ftThe format of the table is simple: each option name is followed by a colkPnB}x>on, some indentation, the value, and then on the next line the comment (which is indented -- any indented line (if not inside a value) is ignored later when the values are reset).  The value is either a number (with an optional hyphen preceding it) or a string (in which case it is surrounded by double-quotes ("...") and may be more than one line if desired).  If there is a double-quote inside the string, it must be quoted by the  character (Control-]). Any s inside the string must also be quoted with . (It's ugly, but it greatly simplifies the implementation and these should be rare.)  For instance, consiTCW#x>Nder the following example options in this format:  Option Number One: "this is a string" Null String Option: "" Option Number Two: -1234 Option Number Three: "Quoth the raven: "Nevermore!"." One Bracket Option: ""  o1,F Q-reg:Q9"E:I9..D' FQ9-(5*200.)"N :I*Q9 has wrong length for a dispatch tableFSERR' f[DFileETGAZONK .DEL [30[..F [..J:I..JDelimiter Table Editor.  :I*M(M.MDescribe)Edit Syntax TableF[HELPMAC -1F[^RReplace 2F[CASEN2F[CASE F[BBINDG9 J0.U..040.tݩx? 140. 177.*10F^? FSSAIL"N177.*10F ' 0FSMODIFF[WINDOW f+ j200.<3d5c2d> 0:F9..O 0[1[2[3[4 ' ]..O Q3-Y"E M(M.MKill Buffer)2 !' Q1+Q:.B(Q1)U1> 0U..H0[..f :I*m(m.mDescribe)Edit Tab StopsF[helpma\x?Nc f[bbind gTab Stop Definitions j2@l.,zk 0@f"ni ' -@l."ezji ' zjfswidth/10i 0 0u0fswidth/10<10,%0*10\>i  -1f[^rreplace [..j:i..jEdit Tab Stops (Overwrite) f[dfileetgazonk .del j j2:@l0@f"e:0@l' 0,.xTab Stop Definitions [A-1[B[P[2 0FO..QWindow 2 Buffer"E :I*O1B Only One WindowFSERR' Q..O-QOther Window Buffer"E @ftCannot compare a buffer to itself. Try comparing the buffer with a copy in another buffer. 0fsechoactive :i*CBI# \[,HT ,HT%  )h,HU(T@,I@@,IV'$Tp@,I^EV,IfD ,Ifc| @,Ig`.y,JI5@,JI5P"@D\,JK 6+Fqx@ D@,JN ,JO2lL\,JOQ D\!,JOS ,JO` ,JP,J\(6g,J_`D0,J` 1,J`N@1 ,J`zX 1,Ja,K 1,Ja,u\1,Ja<\,JbEV\/,Jf,Jk@@0z,Jk`@@\",JlX0,JnP,JrEWU,KP/,K5,K#u` 5,K.@D5,K.D &,K.c|\),K/` ,K@,KLX 2),KLZP,KP@2+,KPN,KjA`,L]l?@,L]|P,L ,L"2`P,L#8,LP,LQW Th,LQ2,Ld0`2a,MP,N ,NI)`,NI)rb`(2,NP2,NPx14,NxE-ZC-x -p2j- -!K \H-RT(#-d*(\-y\LVJdLRx@N-{ \-|Q(-&Vt+0\K-Qx-@-:iap\T-:l?@ @-:|-& x-*-*8/5-*r\[-+1\Z-+8-+;p-+;hZ` /4-+?p\Y-.\^-.!/ \c-.AopD\]-.Xp-2@P-2D /<-2c| @\g-3`-T@ -TBr(@Y-@-zX0--E \q-]`-]hD@-# -*(M-*EV-N -^-_PA-` -`E`\\-f P-fN@PG-fzX &Y-(M-4k"T -N-%5d\-&(D!-@-L@-LB2Vu@-L\D]-L\D- @KCIkxA- Hy`(K- JK>- Jf2U0$- Jf2V,,T]- N - P- P!2bp])- P"7"P- P/- P;^KF- P;p]/- Pd - Pd$&t*]7- Q7 - Q;]1- Q Subject: Re: AT&T Behind Blocking of Japanese Business Phone Systems? Date: 17 Feb 90 18:45:07 GMT Reply-To: David Neill-OKCy Mktg 405-278-4007 Organization: Southwestern Bell Tele. Co. - Advanced Technology Lab - St. Louis In article <4002@accuvax.nwu.edu> John Higdon writes: X-Telecom-Digest: Volume 10, Issue 107, message 4 of 5 >Kevin Blatter writes: >> My conk;=xFclusion on the Anti-dumping case was that, at face value. The >> Japanese aren't interested in playing fair, they're interested in >> marketshare and profits. To which they openly admit. >Once again, with feeling. The KX-T series has no counterpart for sale >anywhere in the world except North America. Dumping cannot be an issue >when everyone is playing on the same field. The ONLY (O-N-L-Y) place >the KX-T line is sold is here. If they're dumping it or selling it >below cost, what do they have to gain? The hardware and firmware of >the 308, 616, and 1232s was specifically engineered from the ground up >for the US an9R1xFNd Canada. Is that clear? I'm not sure I follow this line of reasoning. In a capitalistic market, the "big guys" can sell at a loss for a while, forcing the "small guys" out. In this case, we might be talking about big guys vs. big guys, but the gripe is this: There are a lot of barriers to U.S companies attempting to penetrate the Japanese market, placed primarily by the Japanese gov't. In general the reverse isn't (or hasn't) been true. In addition, there is a significant amount of "partnering" between Japanese companies and the Japanese gov't. Can even AT&T compete (or stay in the market) against a competitor tha}|l_!xGt has the backing of a VERY rich national government? Is it fair that AT&T (or any other American company) should have to compete against companies that can either over-charge a private (home) market (to which market the American company is denied access) in order to subsidize low prices here (even if said company over-prices a different product at home), OR is it fair to the American company to have to compete with a company that MAY (I do not know this to be the case) be subsidized by the Japanese gov't? What difference does it make whether the market for any one particular item is only U.S. and Canada? What they stanrT#xGNd to gain is a market for KX-T that has only one supplier (them), and when that happens, do you suppose that they will still sell the product below cost? Capitalism only works to the benefit of consumers when the market is open to honest and fair competition. Unfortunately, when organizations grow large enough to control prices, it seems that many seek to lock up their markets through various non-competitive practices, rather than continue to strive for the best price/product/ service/p0O2 *`*)-4# P> 4P5W< u9 [jnx7[`4`68_ 01Ao}xHe`/.`G`CPk=m`;:`@? :B8q yI0?`A3Dc`OP AH`FE CP`KJLg`TU`NMQY`Y Z@L`SRVc`[(N_ `XWc4# Pb0P`gfi YPe R8W`^x0Td8U`]\ pPlx0ehfPojmh%P0^r(_``a`n`z`|}xx0wP{`f3=kxHN4# P~`y,PkHo `us `qpwQ` P `tvth`/` `( `  4# !PH  P `")HP )`x0`"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;h=RmI<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{X0x]I|}~     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;Xf#2J<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{YNJ|}~     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;YPx\K<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{Z#1eK|}~     !"#$%&'()*+,-_3i-|CL Q( L10LkR&gx )@EaMK. ]""UcB?`Q. 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B,~ ? 6, B+J? @+V : ? 1L@@ ? ,~ . ? L ? ,~ K { L @F U`S `? A` : ? ,~ . ? L ? ,~,>: A,e ,@ L A L ,^` al`+h +e+ ,~@ M3/+{1L+3#`_1L`0,0l=` a+|0l-`9 A`0l3=1bNqO,~/,appbRL ``appv`H/+9  @0`@)s @ = 6@)s! ?? ~`Y ~QLY,^d@)s ;! kO@_B-`!!C@++ @ :CLI Lossagewg3(dT3.   58A LIJ {wQ>)L{EV4i9Totals section does not contain TOTALS line.Sub-total screw.Randoms section doesn't end, probably no Totals section.@ q@g4P@%]%Nq@.@ q@.:Can't rename input file.  po)@++ to@++ @e+9[M@@_B-`?NCFROM-JOB:DRAGON SENT-BY:PFTHMG-DRAGON RCPT:(MAGIC-DRAGON-KEEPER) SUBJECT:Happy New Year TEXT;-1 Well, I couldn't think of anything else that needed to be in the yearly processing. G2j6@ 0etT@_B-`?NCTO:CM"FROM-JOB:DRAGON SENT-BY:PFTHMG-DRAGON RCPT:(MAGIC-DRAGON-KEEPER) SUBJECT:Clobberage of accounting file TEXT;-1 Bad syntax was detected in the accounting file. The offending lines have been deleted. The bad file is saved as The errors encountered were: (Line y`s) etc ad nauseamIMN LIJ {wg4PLIJ {wsI9  Y>=}:i&l\`@_B-`N@!]File length not a multiple of 5 words. @_B-`?NCFROM-JOB:DRAGON SENT-BY:PFTHMG-DRAGON RCPT:(MAGIC-DRAGON-KEEPER) TEXT;-1 The file seems to be clobberT!U3ed. Please check it. The offensive material follows: ]ZZZZZZ99/99/99 99:99:99 H 0,0,0`+U0,9`+Unҋ9 STATS fups crfts core runt STATS 0 0 0 0.0 FUPS - # of file updates CRFTYS - # of pieces of cruft pushed from logouts CORE - # of times core has been grown. Core is flushed when file updated. RUNT - runtime consumed by PFTHMG This file is for period beginning System Uptime Report OK 0%e|Z@ @_B-`?NCFROM-JOB:DRAGON SENT-BY:PFTHMG-DRAGON RCPT:(MAGIC-DRAGON-KEEPER) SUBJECT:That Time 1U Again TEXT;-1 Don't forget to print out the file and give it to the appropriate people. - puff @_B-`N@!@_B-`?N@!:/:2c=]@ @QLWHXc,% gGarbage character where connect-time expected.Garbage character where run-time expected.Garbage character where swap-in count expected.Garbage character where logout date expected.Garbage character where logout time expected.Garbage character.U>Bad JOB= Spec.Null JOB= Spec.C@Bad ACCT= Spec.Null ACCT= Spec.Q?.,`Bad HOURS= Spec.HOURS= Spec not  V3 followed by two numbers. JOB= ACCT= HOURS=Totals section does not contain TOTALS line.Subtotal screw.:H^Row of dashes of unrecognized type.RANDOMSTOTALSPAGE SUBTOTALS`+lnU>d/3TOTALS line missing after PAGE SUBTOTALS header.Totals section does not begin with TOTALS line.pk@I?=`gRL`_,Word other than UP, DOWN, or OK in uptime report.OK DOWN UP STATSP;><0 O@ B+P   HIllegal character in sixbit name.~Name longer than six characters.Name longer than six characters.Name ?(O9Vlonger than six characters.<@e  a @ 1 c@@ 2Date/Time too long.aC  ADate/Time short or garbaged.DSK: MEMORY: HY>8@_B-`NkA+ @_B-`?NkA+ @M&eI7 MI'N" @_B-`xNy C A@_B-`N0 ! C8@_B-` @0 !@Y> @ @I'}w(` ggG?PG>n8:G>n8:"G%KZC2`"I 4 &ҋg"M,4(C2`C2`N4SQFhUB4U"K%KZC2`"O%KZuZ}h $W'uZ}h WggU>SXif99SSM&dPIJ {wM&dPKO[JM&dPQLWM&dPif99QLWif99QLXQLWQLWG"|`mQ G"|`G"|`M&dPG"|`G"|`G"|`G"|`G"|`t9WG"|`G"|`zTxX01803617-221-131529 Reed St Cambridge, MA 02140492-7274MosesRed Sea and other miracles*LSIt's too bad technology has regressed to the point where it is no longer possible to produce works as great as the ones our ancestors left for us, ITS for example.symbolicsMOON 881219-193341MOON@AI @MC @MX @MDcMOON5Moon, David A.FILDI GROUP RELATMoonMundane ThingsMOON*Lmoon@MXCENT 840302-030307MOON5@MC MOOREMoore, RobertBobFILDI GROUP RELAT737 DeSoto Dr., Palo Alto, CA 94303415-328-4253Sussmancommon-sense reasoningYESAGJuly 28Free at last, free at last, thank God Almighty, I'm fr3xX@ee at last.bmoore@kl.sri.comGUMBY 870811-024607MOORE@AI @MC @MX @MDMORLOCMorlock, Steven D.Mush1 Audubon Rd. Wakefield, Ma. 01880(617)246-0300 Ext. 222520 Blueberry Ln. Lexington, Ma. 02173(617)861-6331small mindsbig computers*SNJuly 30Endlessly endless for thou.....MXMORLOC 831009-155128MC, MLMORRISMorris, Robert T.RTFMFILDI GROUP RELATAiken Computer Lab Harvard186-5-414710 Prescott St. Cambridge, Mass. 02138617-498-3501Jan Komorowskitechnology transfer*TUNovember 8aiZIPPY 890423-231244MORRIS@AI @MC @MX @MDMORTENMoen, MortenWikingFILDI GROUP RELAT Institute of nB xYInformatics University of Oslo Norway4230 Sogn Studentby 0858 Oslo 8 NorwayOddvarVLSI-projectsmorten*SGMay 1AIMORTEN 870506-053020MORTEN@AI @MC @MX @MDMPPlotnick, MarkFILDI GROUP RELATBell Labs, Whippany and Murray Hill, NJC programming environmentYESLGmp@eddie.mit.eduMP 890101-161142MP@AI @MC @MX @MDMPFFeinberg, MichaelFILDI GROUP RELATAssoc. Prof. of Psychiatry MCP/EPPI 3200 Henry Ave Philadelphia, PA 19129(215) 842-4474Peter SzolovitsAI/Psych*ZVFormer Visiting Scientist (1984)MFEINBERG@SUMEX-AIM.STANFORD.EDUPSZ 870312-115414MPF@AI @MC @MX @MDMPHHerlihxY@y, Maurice P.(This space intentionally left blank.)FILDI GROUP RELATNE43-521A3-5982484-4218LiskovDistributed CLUJNC@AI*CGJanuary 4Eppur, non si muove ...XXINQUIR 830512-000000MPH@MC MPH@ML MPH@DM MPWWellman, Michael P.MikeFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-3733-583911 Highgate St., Allston 02134783-1826Pauker and Szolovitspreference modelingMPW,MEDG*ZGMarch 27zermattMPW 860211-203639MPW@MC MRCCrispin, MarkMirkFILDI GROUP RELAT(206) 543-5762P.O Box 2652 Seattle, WA 98111-2652(206) 842-2385the rentTOPS-20 and anything else that paysYES$July 19Good, there's oxygen on this planet.MR|ovxZC@SIMTEL20.ARMY.MILMRC 890103-220757MRC@AI @MC @MX @MDMRGGenesereth, Michael R.MikeFILDI GROUP RELATStanford University computer Science Dept. Margeret Jacks Hall Stanford, CA 94305 CSD.GENESERETH@SU-SCORE(415) 497-03241436 Emerson St. Palo Alto, California 94301(415) 326-7602YESLOOctober 15genesereth@SCORE.STANFORD.EDUZVONA 860521-160526MRG@AI @MC @MX @MDMRHODARhoda, Merlin A.MerlinFILDI GROUP RELAT POB 34114 San Diego, Ca 92103Unknown as of yet.Life the universe and everything.*TGMarch 3rdBack to the old systems!!!mrhoda@riki.berkeley.eduMRHODA 890406-001210MRHODA@AI @ l7xZ@MC @MX @MDMROSERose, Martha S.StrataFILDI GROUP RELAT20C-2313-789217 Evergreen Ave Somerville MA 02145629-2118EDDIE.MIT.EDU and othersNet Connectivity*SUMarch 29Welcome, my son... Welcome to the machine.strata@ghDEVON 891026-131404MROSE@AI @MC @MX @MDSMRSMITSmith, Paul H.PaulNE43 7113-8753*TGmrsmith@lifeMRSMIT 890815-135730MSSpeciner, MichaelMikeFILDI GROUP RELAT30 Bradley Rd Arlington, MA 021746485697GREENBLATTCHESSCENTNOToriginal life hackerMXGSB 840312-200419MS@MC WMSGSMBJ, Alias forFILDI GROUP RELAT 3-5843*SAmbj@XXMSGS 85-Vx[41120-165930MSGS@MC MSKKarpman, Maurice S.MikeFILDI GROUP RELATwood 205, east campus5-62356140 Hamilton St., Omaha, NE 68132402-551-1218fhmyselfFH*TMfeb. 4MXBYE 850519-041515MSK@MC MSMITHSmith, MarkFILDI GROUP RELATP.O.Box 222013, Mail Stop 3401, Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX 75222(214)462-4393ARPAMACSYMAUSERS5*TMMXINQUIR 830512-000000MSMITH@MC MSMITH@ML MSMITH@DM MSSSherman, Mark S.MarkFILDI GROUP RELATMath. & Comp. Sci. Dept., Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755(603) 646-24159 South Park Street Apt. 2N Hanover, NH 03755(603) 643-3961distributed simulation syxbx[@stemsUSERS8@MX*LGApril 21Mark.Sherman@A.CS.CMU.EDUJPG 850530-152229MSS@MC MSTTillack, Mark S.MarkFILDI GROUP RELAT38-1613-419223 Farrington St. Arlington, MA 02174643-0472M.S.Kazimi and L.M.LidskyFusion Safety*PGMay 15see my lawyerMXMST 840406-183533MST@MC MTTravers, Michael{}FILDI GROUP RELATE15-4943-060815 Guilford St Allston787-5915some reasonVivariumVSIH@MX*ASMarch 8Up in my head there's an animal kingdom I am the king of the animals there -- Meat Puppetsmt%media-lab.media.mit.edu@mintakaMT 890628-163920MT@AI @MC @MX @MDMTDMichael T. DoughneyMike934 ީx\ \z>qz39o7B5Yp8yA}DOO@Zo6O(w;Pd$fQ+yk PP-,hThdgkpjAxd'! Y5~TQ, %nqX^u 9`_+]V AP9w^$RA,:G#tMGq!C5kftuRslg};O `@' Gf!?5wPԼgl0(^iE_yUhrqX@Ȏ30g6 HRh d$21mi&_wivP`U3_op4Hrwo0#)}],`G,/~P<eW}a x#(I}-Zvo0Z8DNO|9)),' I,T`!hl" #|Ԋ_ |(R4dM(4k(\hYX=H=0`3d|8 P(@_uKDGpy,o%!?}ФY2بS8Hq9"` ]yhYHZQȟap|Ow񻴓CXy?NVv *m:xWw #)$j/H=x𼀟+Y:X~Xzf c"LPlE!NdHI L00sBhAQI ++HsKhuH%Imt14@ IQ2!o(u' eao%p08, _6Et=PK: >P{qhS PF{% i ,l/ &Fnha@ iXKl{aAQ7!X'm21*Z^y*YH&8w9+dOv 7P3=(puRH `vRgdw<=(x& 9;Bii1&i'c Q #r0}s\\%򣔪p/(>(y)| "q GDh7^Pj RPN0mq%`ԉ,8+d8s(jXHJs}H f Pr@Ohn] upADP]9bm@ 0'FN9M=a!} 7 q+:49$%@h`UA/ xPEE(N@ {~DH1`^O/iPy,"y;3i=kl!62hxtHOP3IZDoȨk<(?k0}AfH=XM,[gPh_{TI p6pDate: Mon, 19 Feb 90 16:52:09 PSTSubject: Re: Pacific Bell Response To CPUC RateH GoXk"`Pdigex@ai.ai.mit.edumtd@ai.ai.mit.eduray-junk@ai.ai.mit.edun#(yLx`XReceived: from delta.eecs.nwu.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa12112; 21 Feb 90 14:11 EST Received: by delta.eecs.nwu.edu id ah21183; 21 Feb 90 13:11 CST Received: from mailinglists.eecs.nwu.edu by delta.eecs.nwu.edu id ab15250; 21 Feb 90 2:47 CST Received: from mailinglists.eecs.nwu.edu by delta.eecs.nwu.edu id ab16742; 21 Feb 90 1:31 CST Date: Wed, 21 Feb 90 1:17:38 CST From: TELECOM Moderator [To]: telecom@eecs.nwu.edu Subject: TELECOM Digest V10 #117 BCC: Message-ID: <9002210117.ab09350@delta.eecs.nwu.edu> TELECOM Digest Wed, 21 Feb 8bZ Qxa90 00:15:07 CST Volume 10 : Issue 117 Today's Topics: Moderator: Patrick Townson Re: Pacific Bell REsponse To CPUC Rate Decision (Curtis Galloway) Re: London Code Changes --- Server Now Available (Piet van Oostrum) Re: More 800, 900 Curiosities (Robert Gutierrez) Re: Modem Protocol Information (Jon Sreekanth) Re: Phone Line Noise (R. Steve Walker) Re: AT&T Behind Blocking of Japanese Business Phone Systems? (Bob Clements) Re: AT&T System 25 Experience Sought (Bob Clements) Zip Code Correlations and 312/708 Prefix Correction (David W. Tamkin) 10-NJB: CrocExaXss-Hudson Long Distance (John Cowan) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Curtis Galloway Date: Mon, 19 Feb 90 16:52:09 PST Subject: Re: Pacific Bell Response To CPUC Rate Decision john@bovine.ati.com (John Higdon) writes: >Curtis Galloway quotes from Pac*Bell Bill Insert: >[in addition to the usual stroking--this:] >> o We will share any earnings above a certain level >And if you *ever* see Pac*Bell admitting that it earned 16.5, I'll be >watching for the second coming. Before that would happen, they would >hose down the insides of xb100 COs with an acid solution, and buy new >equipment from Pacific Telesis at inflated prices. They would be >totally stupid to let Pac*Bell earn that much and have to give it all >away to the suckers, oops, I mean ratepayers. OK, I can see that. But as a standard residential customer, does the CPUC decision really change the bills I will pay? Monopoly service rates are still regulated by the CPUC. If I never buy Centrex or yellow pages ads, I won't notice much of a difference. Right? (Of course, if Pac Bell ends up inflating prices for business users, we all pay for it.) By the way -- wasn't part of the agreementf+ xbX for Pacific Bell to eliminate the touch-tone fee on local bills? As of January, I was still being billed for it. Curt ``Dangerous'' is the word Miss Manners would use about doilies. --Judith Martin ------------------------------ From: Piet van Oostrum Subject: Re: London Code Changes --- Server Now Available Date: 20 Feb 90 10:29:27 GMT Reply-To: Piet van Oostrum Organization: Dept of Computer Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands In article <4004@accuvax.nwu.edu>, henry@garp (Henry Mensch) writes: ` From: tjo@its.bt.co.uk (Tim Oldham) ` Subject: Lo.OExcndon Code Changes --- Server Now Available ` Date: 16 Feb 90 15:19:08 GMT `From the 6th May 1990, the dialling codes for London UK change. The `old code, 01 (which translates to +44 1 for international calls) is to `be replaced by two different codes, 071 (+44 71) and 081 (+44 81). `Obviously this is going to affect a large number of people. The split `is by geography, so there is no simple rule about what numbers change `from 01 to 071 and which from 01 to 081. However, it is possible to `find out what the new code will be from the first 3 digits of the `telephone number. For example, numbers that began 01 6|rvyxcX209 will change `to 081 200 while numbers that began 01 210 will change to 071 210. Here is a perl script to do the conversion: #! /local/bin/perl #Usage london telnr #where telnr = nnn-pppp | 01-nnn-pppp | +44-1-nnn-pppp # (pppp optional) $table = "8-888888887-7777-777777777777777777777777777777777" . "77777777777777-77777777777777777-77-777788-8-8-888" . "88888878888Received: from MC.LCS.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 3131) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 21 Feb 90 13:49:01 EST Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by MC.LCS.MIT.EDU; 21 Feb 90 13:47:52 EST Received: from SPOCK.LCS.MIT.EDU by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa10806; Uxd 21 Feb 90 13:43 EST Date: Wed, 21 Feb 90 13:44 EST From: "Ira J. Haimowitz" Subject: At Harvard: Matt Ginsberg on Modal Operators To: medg-mit@MC.lcs.mit.edu Included-msgs: The message of 21 Feb 90 10:25 EST from menke@harvard.harvard.edu Message-ID: <19900221184415.1.IRA@SPOCK.LCS.MIT.EDU> Date: Wed, 21 Feb 90 10:25 EST From: menke@harvard.harvard.edu To: colloquium@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-faculty@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-research@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-staff@harvard.harvard.edu, cs_ecse-faculty@harvard.harvard.edu Subject: CRCT Colloquium Series COLLOQUIUM SERIES PRESENTS "xdXA NEW APPROACH TO MODAL OPERATORS Matt Ginsberg Stanford University Monday, February 26, 1990 4 PM Aiken Computation Laboratory 101 (Tea at 3:30 pm Aiken Main Lobby) Abstract We describe a new formalization of modal operators that views them not in terms of Kripke's possible worlds, but as functions on an underlying set of truth values. Thus Moore's knowledge operator L, where Lp means ``I know that p,'' would correspond to a mapping taking true into true (since we know p if we know it to be true) and taking both false and unknown into false (since we do not know p if we either know it to be false or know not񥮹xehing about it at all). This new approach has the following advantages over the conventional ones: 1. Intuitive simplicity. 2. It provably generalizes both Kripke's construction and Moore's autoepistemic logic, while making clear the distinctions between them. 3. It allows for easy further generalization to modal operators that are related to temporal reasoning and to causality. 4. The natural procedure for computing the truth value of a sentence involving these modal operators is "incremental" in the sense that it computes approximate 0 (T |JeX answers that converge to the correct one in the large runtime limit. This talk will concentrate on the first two of these properties; I will discuss the third and fourth as completely as time allows. Host: Professor Barbara Grosz  9]vGxgNI @[N8'3vd*I @iF@G  *KcKyiF@GL5©E'OJ,{yE?W *Y>I @Mvg_ Pa2`"P$0F&`gB,0iF@@L*B?{̖gB,0iFD ,Tz2h 'JgB,0iFD(' cC7JgB,0%DQs9C7JgB,0iFD)R i;-{g%JgB,0iFD@Y _% 'JgB,0iFD`&JgB,0iFEf(rd&JgB,0iFE k,yH&JgB,0iFE@ rSBe&JgB,0iFE`!Ç&HgB,0iFFL![C5HgB,0iFF GiMh2/Jo-j@,^>x>xe&!\0j:0j+@g&~@@Lc@S? @S?  x x`@G2~9 @S?  LO@g&~@ NdFxjLc @g&~@@+B +B 0+B +B 0+B +B 0+B +B 0+B~1P`(P(L@ L(Z`@S? Lc@S? @g&~@@@G2~9  Z G"+@_B-`  \255 SOCK $aB@++/!! 2@!e+0`91B`90 `9+@++/!! 2@!w`;0+`;454 Can't connect to your socket Only size 8 is allowed with Type A.#1B`c+(Only 5`?MxjNsize 36 is allowed with type I; maybe you want type L?;CN S6 y 505- Type/Byte-size conflict! Type , Byte 8Z?? 505 @i|\425 Can't connect to your port xbN 4 \,#,Q`@++ 425 Can't connect to your port xo - timed out.hsN 4 \,#`425 Can't connect to your port xz - state H~N 4 \,# E`200 OK, we're now using no scheme.  " `H215 R The prefeq)yxkrred scheme is recipients first./#`R'200 OK, we're now using scheme R.!H1`501 This site can't use scheme xw507 No scheme is selected yet; use XRSQ.? "$`200 Check.H&450 No recipient?QaYW@-` $da+Y402 MLFL is implemented only for ASCII mode.c "6+t250 Hello, mailer! H8252 Thanks for the mail. H;350 Hello, mailer! }256 Thanks for the blurb.450 You can't XSEN to more than one recipient.+t450 That user iV k=xkNs not on-line now.! "P+t350 That user is on-line; proceed with message./HR450 That user is either not on-line or not accepting messages.HX+t256 Message was sent successfully.450 You can't XSEM to more than one recipient.He "j+t350 Proceed with message.Hl256 Message was sent successfully.Hp+t256 Message was not sent but was mailed.450 You can't XMAS to more than one recipient.comments insist that social phenomena have a local organization and that theoretical abstraction must rest on detailed analysis that placeoQ>6Kxls particular cases in the broadest possible context. It is worth wondering what it would mean to pursue research in artificial intelligence in this style, eschewing toy examples and isolated stories in favor of a broad and critical analysis of particular applications environments and their social contexts. \newpage \section{Bibliography} \begin{biblio} \def\nextentry#1{[#1]} \vspace{0.1in} \nextentry{Agre 1985} Philip E.~Agre, Routines, AI Memo 828, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1985. \nextentry{Agre and Chapman 1987} Philip E.~Agre and David Chapman, Pengi: An implementation of a theory of activity|3OmxlN, {\em Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, Seattle, 1987, pages 196-201. \nextentry{Agre and Chapman in press} Philip E.~Agre and David Chapman, What are plans for?, in Pattie Maes, ed., {\em New Architectures for Autonomous Agents: Task-level Decomposition and Emergent Functionality}, MIT Press, in press. \nextentry{Agre in preparation} Philip E.~Agre, {\em The Dynamic Structure of Everyday Life}, Cambridge University Press, in preparation. \nextentry{Ballard 1989} Dana H.~Ballard, Reference frames for animate vision, {\em Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint ConfereQNksxmnce on Artificial Intelligence}, Detroit, MI, 1989, pages 1635-1641. \nextentry{Barwise and Perry 1983} Jon Barwise and John Perry, {\em Situations and Attitudes}, MIT Press, 1983. \nextentry{Beer 1989} Randall Dean Beer, {\em Intelligence as Adaptive Behavior: An Experiment in Computational Neuroethology}, Technical Report 89-118, Center for Automation and Intelligent Systems Research, Case Western Reserve University, 1989. \nextentry{Bond and Gasser 1988} Alan H.~Bond and Les Gasser, An analysis of problems and research in distributed artificial intelligence, in {\em Readings in Distributed Artificial IntelligenceL#xmN}, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1988. \nextentry{Bourdieu 1977} Pierre Bourdieu, {\em Outline of a Theory of Practice}, Cambridge University Press, 1977. Originally published in French in 1972. \nextentry{Brooks 1986} Rodney A.~Brooks, A robust layered control system for a mobile robot, {\em IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation} {\bf 2}(1), 1986, pages 14-23. \nextentry{Brooks 1989} Rodney A.~Brooks, A robot that walks: Emergent behavior from a carefully evolved network, {\em Neural Computation} {\bf 1}(2), 1989. \nextentry{Brown, Collins, and Duguid 1989} John Seely Brown, Allan Collins, and Paul Duguid, SituaeMhV5xnted cognition and the culture of learning, {\em Educational Researcher} {\bf 18}(1), 1989, pages 32-42. \nextentry{Chapman and Agre 1986} David Chapman and Philip E.~Agre, Abstract reasoning as emergent from concrete activity, in Michael P.~Georgeff and Amy L.~Lansky, eds, {\em Reasoning about Actions and Plans, Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop}, Timberline, Oregon, 1986, pages 411-424. \nextentry{Chapman 1987} David Chapman, Planning for conjunctive goals, {\em Artificial Intelligence}, {\bf 32}(3), 1987, pages 333-377. \nextentry{Chatila and Laumond 1985} Raja Chatila and Jean-Paul Laumond, Position referencing aBxnNnd consistent world modeling for mobile robots, {\em Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation}, St.~Louis, 1985, 138-145. \nextentry{Comaroff 1988} % check year Jean Comaroff, {\em Body of Power, Spirit of Resistance: The Culture and History of a South African People}, The University of Chicago Press, 1988. \nextentry{Drescher 1989} Gary L.~Drescher, {\em Made-Up Minds: A Constructivist Approach to Artificial Intelligence}, PhD Thesis, MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1989. \nextentry{Edelman and Poggio 1989} Shimon Edelman and Tomaso Poggio, Represen\r9fxotations in high-level vision: Reassessing the inverse optics paradigm, {\em Proceedings of the 1989 DARPA Image Understanding Workshop}, 1989, pages 944-949. \ignore{\nextentry{Elman 1989} Jeff Elman, Representation and structure in connectionist models, Technical Report 8903, Center for Research in Language, University of California at San Diego, 1989.} \nextentry{Fikes and Nilsson 1971} Richard E.~Fikes and Nils J.~Nilsson, Strips: A new approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving, {\em Artificial Intelligence} {\bf 2}(3), 1971, pages 189-208. \ignore{\nextentry{Fikes, Hart, and Nilsson 1972}֎xoN %%% ??? Richard E.~Fikes, Peter E.~Hart, and Nils J.~Nilsson, Some new directions in robot problem solving, in Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie, eds, {\em Machine Intelligence 7}, Wiley, 1972.} \nextentry{Firby 1987} R.~James Firby, An investigation into reactive planning in complex domains, {\em Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, Seattle, 1987, pages 202-206. \nextentry{Fox and Smith 1984} Mark S.~Fox and Stephen Smith, ISIS: A knowledge-baJ``,0/*]?``!+HQ  JT,0 x,b JT= H#,bx=p1] Crp$p)1 :V#Lp=M@c(pGKwmpM6@TD+0t ,",","`HR`0D`7 U\ O@a,"U\O@U\ȩ ,{`HU7@?+04 ȭ ȱ`(`H[+ O@ ,r@2`ȹ: 1J+0B2`Ƚ2 6@U\6@ +H` *0A`(,bFlushed6@T*c@@ 7@ +! 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T A $ 12+<B3`KZ,95+ȁ0ǍqK`A݇hn@l*`_T`w@9G~7@@5:@5+<)!d8 Iz+ 1st $^N bpt + Subject: At Harvard: Matt Ginsbea*xMrg on Modal Operators To: medg-mit@MC.lcs.mit.edu Included-msgs: The message of 21 Feb 90 10:25 EST from menke@harvard.harvard.edu Message-ID: <19900221184415.1.IRA@SPOCK.LCS.MIT.EDU> Date: Wed, 21 Feb 90 10:25 EST From: menke@harvard.harvard.edu To: colloquium@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-faculty@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-research@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-staff@harvard.harvard.edu, cs_ecse-faculty@harvard.harvard.edu Subject: CRCT Colloquium Series COLLOQUIUM SERIES PRESENTS A NEW APPROACH TO MODAL OPERATORS Matt Ginsberg Stanford University Monday, February 26, 1990 4 PM Aiken Computation Laboratory 101 (TI @Mvg_ Pa2`"P$0F&`gB,0iF@@L*B?{̖gB,0iFD ,Tz2h 'JgB,0iFD(' cC7JgB,0%DQs9C7JgB,0iFD)R i;-{g%JgB,0iFD@Y _% 'JgB,0iFD`&JgB,0iFEf(rd&JgB,0iFE k,yH&JgB,0iFE@ rSBe&JgB,0iFE`!Ç&HgB,0iFFL![C5HgB,0iFF GiMh2/Jo-j73A FiHsYueu)n`F8i 9'iy90-SV0\jED7{n1-u0xY9rw\4OMW(uIrx4phH+(xvECBVTi/!9XIp|bp5!Ԡ#`Jh7HCxaDAj8Zf .@;`aaF8g,9|| wfxO7rs@kgSQ*9 q%q - |H bR$F9`h{* !$. i,%苫m3Xwt h pb Ap ~yT1@ny_Jx#t]|x:P(q{\PAĄzw |( Q){l`Tq`)Jhhi7iX$kYcAy*Y:qtKu%Z 31|4xZvK$ .(jq{Qp.X9g _h/9(ьKxU(LHM#@.iM({?@@\3 XFmST-Vi!zN1 Wg@OFhy)Xy3wW8Z+@n77 j<]62(`8#I(^-[ AY'o&82i5x}Q5 d9g=9,$!zsz.f`3G(|c BS8TQ/x] xsL욻r1*8JZTS)QvO$b(YL`*HQH- 0T]^Kh6QM AT=$C[pH#A 4 ce8(;xHd/Ho| a*amv1IxU]' ,X+; HT718]8dWO>O!{̈М'Y"B)m 2Ii9ZMfHc[8@+?Bx_u[i,`0*m@ N@,q! 8.`8lpsw2Kn` 0j\px^sneXȖm!1,DW)%.`w+L% p|(5WPVC񅌍 ȟ|SE+hQI#p#Z ()k xc #ďsi K4- x'(K}LxLLe-Y9pSjguP G ngSJ3]x~ Q0|^蔗6` w8#xl,EnT9h(, (`3/X}0 Sa# ?(L~E9EsUN ?a 6Frv"e$^YUzIgi4miMƨEtHj{`wkYyP<+4xhq(a)7EiIKDLMXAh$+1<8+'ȇi=yPcA$pp0a;vbb#@*hGoq+5 p RY!m`d4P=D YhB`y,PXkm0\TA R?u pi"ip>UC <)(D1@|xSA k@KsFTO 0ZEPcX|| Q,l4~i u)!fYMaL?p؁cpp:Pp(#. 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'<(F5nFb46Ax'2L$v-NehImTYmNi"IRo;yTfION @Q!%Dx&O|x,gE M( )U|'gJP U^5-)Hg`/u5ҟ" &H5:`L4tdAAL1tc"E \Ha#P! @3@@Fi49SL 4w$P5aM'8UfyfIu` V ``SYR5NZV5hk|3_ku~ 3 ljl!iXip3alP~ -'` q$9bAJNq#2qQN$q+ggg0)gaE6qg pgF8~O\%TDpNQVTWFP#, T?JH9)Y)A.S89S@B%(**C@w ֛C*gH:UE/`r t *?`C@E&pH 򡴘g,E>e`"] @ `Xl:X&tE>e`"]8`-nX&tE>ex"e d `=dX&tE>ex"e d@+`Ah8%YX&tE>ex"e d``El<4{vvtE>ex"e:A`I5SX&tE>ex"e.:`MnX&tEJi(T`QY#|M~tEa"P0@|`0Y#|K~tEbb$`0A`2|4Ebf8@&@@ `4Y$X~tG#%`E&p}ZlE%lG;6-E&pP(DdHD~=9E&p0Mz0`=9_ M`Nd\/2v30 GRpE&pA\sz8Y4,GRp_ M``|B GRpgLz`G~ DI *Q,*7IT-&?`IVn(I*7Nl '`IVn(I*7eџ]5w`IVn(Q*70#.E`IVnE&pDu[nW \E`M&%pE&pM8Y529[6M&dPE&pMY`M&dP] M`Q3%'`M&dP_ M`Qp(C YY`MS0E&pi7XBE/`MS0_ M`C  V/7_`MSPE&pB@ TE'`MSP_ M`fA&+%s0`O7|`_ M`a_DU%?`Q?D _2"U 4if|`TTQ?Li$dL|7!G?0Q?Li&DM\:-5UD6z/L"U0YT( @MSP@P"QGD4Y>8E&pF$\MCD~YC@E&pZ &Med+G~YW\@E&pM(*jDCh[$\@8L)CE&pW[LD~[&$`E&pK.D [&$`_ M`]|e6(~+MG~]lPE&pu0.<0`]lP_ M`"+~0`]:0*P0J+b&,/,]:0.TPNtWOG,]&uE&pS$RiD~]g E&p i!uM,atH E&p ];0`atH _ M`_(oh q0`a-0,I$*7[ w!UdO4a-0,IL*7^T00`a-0E&p!G@Qo`aJ|) E&pA$0^0`aJ|) _ M`.9-SC/0`a^~)E&ptK [a0`a^~)_ M`rq/0,c6E&p/}0 y"E/`c6_ M`yp"04eL}7E&pVZv0Mb4M!E&pwXD~gtI9E&p0 E/`gtI9_ M`NliȜ2=0`gLE&p!# ,D~gWM8E&p0 {ETRE/`gWM8_ M`OtI0FE&pu>Jiei:E&pP@|}E`iei:_ M`) LP04if99E&pBd _AE-lif99_ M`BlH$e=y?`i&l\`E&p'Ci&l\`_ M`q7*KaCh,i&n<[E&pE$d$(:#/,i9* E&pAIq_1D~iRex`I$@#)8:E/`s<9E&p K *D~e8RAWC AAD########--Bell--C:tQANNARBCAABCAAA33h6;12h27;29;30;33;36;37;39;40;46;51l35;52h;;;H Warning: Using CRTSTY consumes more system resources and results in slower output than standard ITSxrC support. You can use standard ITS support by typing :TCTYP AAA instead of :CRTSTY AAA. A$,~9r+ciACT-IIC!Z;ACT-IVC!]@ACT-VCJdADI60EEEPICKCILKLCj ADM2 Warning, interchanged Underscore and Delete keys. To type an Escape you must hit the Escape key TWICE.oCj8 ADM3AWarning: interchanged Underscore and Delete keys. Warning: auto newline switch should be off.xCjPADM5d4ADDS25CADS100CVADS580CADS980yLf3xqs+}C)*AJ510'L'P'I'J'D&I&D"I"N&C&J&F"NHC;5ANSIHmBANTAME*0BEE3tSCDC713FEC100\g Lf3 0@` B B! B B%3+w!A@ uVuu$/{=8)3TJF4|-1mG<CROMEMCOGQ2@CT64I"DD40009Lf3I*$DD5200]&BTH NIH5200SULwKs]&Bt NIH7000I 4@DG132Warning: AutoNewline mode should be off.IDG200 DE Warning: Interchanged Newline and Return keys.y% ,tDLOG33I5 THDM1520p,~I5TDM2500@ ,~p+$-MDM3025OAO@($/I@DP,DATAPOINTA!/gDATAL^&4*&COSER,DPLUZ  IRHDTIT=8)M?@FOX Warning: interchanged Underscore and Delete keys. Newline Enable key should be OFF (up).!%*{PEHH19[?2hEGOq\wy8y9y5x1 Warning: Using CRTSTY consumes more system resources and results in slower output than standard ITS support. You can use standard ITS support by typing :TCTYP H19 instead of :CRTSTY H19. `sKY7 @6',~[?2h/ 6& %S,~6M %S,~[?2hPE*H1500PE*H1510PIH2000 "`xH2LOSE-`x "`x{QAdHP2600}0IeHP2645,HP2640 e@+ h`&a0IdHP2621HJ Warning: Interchanged backquote (`) and Delete keys.)%ke@+ -`WREI100 Use the CID option if your terminal has char insert/delete capabilities (block mode option). ANL, CRNL, switches in rear should be off.,RII200RQI4002J4h4l6h2QQL2QM2QRQI4380/P".P.Pl,~S j4("IBM3101,3101S;$\ZK n0INTERTEC-S~K~kS;$^INTEXT@,~@,~@,~,~ ,~,3,~@ ,~@,~,~SE $IQ120SE DIQ140,ADM3 @C1iZK)TVI912,TVI920C k ABM85,KIMTRONSN ISC8000 .0,~WRj KTM2WRj0KTM3Y@LP No response to INTERROGATE; you're no lineprocessor! [,pc`pM  (X(H}  (X*? `o ,>(H} ,^*? ,~f@@Q&> "$Bx`,>+k}+k "."X B0_+k B0 M_+k M=9@99U 6`m%,rM`Ňp,~ ",qM ",qM`@@.]+&S "?,qM,qM`YVt@LUNAR[ MB0[ MB4 7@6A,~[&lPMIME[R,0f'`wMTEC,MINI-TEC[>"MOD1^QO4000^a4O8030BK000_7{@OMRONiSM|d @iSNh9 @&jd+(Warning: changed keys "TAB" = rubout, "CR" = line feed, "NEW LINE" = return, "shift/_" = tabi&oO;!@ _^`OWLN  Warning: interchanged Underscore and Delete keys. Newline Enable key should be OFF (up).!&|el REMBg SB1c "`qu`qu`qug SB2g>6@SOFTg>b$SOL20,SOL+QTK4023+QTK4025`ERA;`MON 34 H K;`ERA;`STO 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73;`RIG`LEF`DOW`UP`UP;`ILI`DLI`ICH;`DCH+QTK4027`ERA;]a}}Ix "`MON 34 H K;`ERA;`STO 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73;`LEA M1 138;`EXP M1;i2TLChEd T1061 \'p<=8)ib0TEL3i!$+TH3216i!2D+TH6416iVT'.TUBE1.7|/S; VIEWPOINTk2mpULMOmjVDM1m'v VIP7800,VIP7801m'TVIS50HJGWarning: AUTO WRAP and AUTO LF/CR should be OFF.'Am'$VIS200mQPVT05 mQ*VT50mQ* VT52HJG=Warning: Use UPARROW (on the keypad) for [CALL].'N,uq+y-`[&lU)MIME52eC6E)RPVT521ua$mQ* VT50Hg["T@SVT52mQ VT100,VT101<[?4l}s| b[?5h[?5l[?6h H H H H H H H H H H H H H H [?5h[?5l[?5l[?5h7.YЀ󠀧(` mQ @VT102S n`IBMPCmQ 4@VT132Cgg*7CY57 Q 7<)7>snܥCi]SLh o&9f r;,sdsjC'8's'A'"TtEb@ N:bf.:r&>cNn 0aF73] C!  4 7k`2!YrlCwp2 e!%n/` `k`sLT`?=cf w0w)'v OXrcQ#;Zhێw&:YG%d:/#Hc@"#)# nc4#=u.}RZ RUQEM a3(J3y#.:7 APP:Tb&pA+v 38!և$)C)iߤx)&I@CzDUCzx?P|:gKaXwqXw7sp@9m9v CL\|s9|(}؁& B13s21os cb#% 3@ ( 9"Gd9*9RC)2XL,`4S;```La#3t bL$b!f%IL&tbC Q@3J14SbaiF/cF?d3&eYrffINmk SAFgLh0SsXXLaWb BSL!\bL"8DZ1Sb1&3bbbViEp1/3 c" 7 M b NfuٝClPS;&3[3p܇#Pj#Q3#V% @d )&Pd@A?{wp#V&=D$. @1 $P!͆C8H0:d^) cQMbQC +B -| .!‡nQ*| 8@LuLgC r"@~~@a7X7ݘ76xrJ0[>s exA!rhqM(Q`4-!K4'*P1 `!. 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H=@a/%z@ B@M&ut=9All network ports in use. iSM|oG@iSNh9 JSOY2 N_OY2 N@iSNh9  C%KZ@Y>=@STrouble logging in server job. {bWHV0F!+[8S@xv~XF @0_w癹xs@(`INX/L<gg*7@_B-` b@c@M&eI7ΰ?5@@@++ I GROUP RELATNE43-9363-6765Rm.24-612 77 Mass. Ave. Cambridge, Mass. 02139253-7787RGlisp machine hardwar*AUJaunary 9DamageCUSTER@OZINQUIR 830512-000000CUSTER@MC CUSTER@ML CUSTER@DM CUTTERTurner, Joseph D.JoeFILDI GROUP RELATnone72 Central St #2 Somerville, MA 02143617/776-3855no-one in particularcough*TNMay 23``The watcher and the tower Waiting hour by hour''turnerj@gw2.hanscom.af.milCUTTER 890917-043828CUTTER@MC CWHHoffman, Carl W.FILDI GR1J:ax3OUP RELAT363 Marlborough Street Boston, MA 02115617-262-4283*October 2AICWH 880315-022142CWH@AI @MC @MX @MDCWRRestivo, ChuckChuckFILDI GROUP RELAT415.858.0300ZMimplementation and application of TABLOGRestivo@SCOREI play GOTUAugust 7Does is really matter?Restivo@SCORE.STANFORD.EDUCWR 860920-155350CWR@AI @MC @MX @MDCYBamji, Cyrus S.CYFILDI GROUP RELAT36-5953-7310615B Ashdown Housex5-9888FLBC@MX*LGSeptember 5lsi.bamji@SPEECH.MIT.EDUCY 831014-192542CY@MC CY@ML CY@DM CYGNUSBestpitch, Marc W.CygnusCSL, U. of DE(302)-451-63392217 Graham Drive Wilmington, DӤ xsE 19808(302)-999-1618*TUAugust 26I enjoy graphics and simulations. Raytracing is my current endeavour.cygnus@vax1.acs.udel.eduCYGNUS 890130-234423wCYPHERCyphers, ScottScottFILDI GROUP RELAT36-5473-8923Zuespeech *AGsr.ehpyc@SPEECH.MIT.EDUCYPHER 860217-083211CYPHER@MC kCYRUSNegahdaripour, ShahriarFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-3563-8595BKPH*ASHAHRIAR@OZITS 850118-000000CYRUS@MC CYSKKim, Christopher Y.ChrisFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-373x3-5839MacGregor G226x5-9246/494-8403Patil/SzolovitsCMITMEDG*ZUSeptember 25MIT is a lot like bowling . . . a 90% effort yields a {x330% perfect score! ------------------------------------------ * * * ***** * *** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *** * *** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ******* ****** ***** * * * * * * *** * * * * * * * * * * * ****** *dragon@ATHENA.MIT.EDUCYSK 860115-103958CYSK@MC x|Hy xsCZZach, Christopher R.Sgt. Lightfoot4806 Eldon Green Catonsville, MD 21237(301)242-8391God and countryPdp-10 codeI'm a good guy.SUDecember 16AICZ 900203-201626DAAAdler, David A.DAdlerFILDI GROUP RELATCullinet Software3 Sunny Knoll Terrace Lexington, Massachusetts 02173(617)861-9679me and GSBITS on a souped up H89touristTNApril 8, 4:32amSchool: Brandeis Univ; Box 364; Waltham, MA 02254 Phone (617)647-4061 ___ LIM V 3 = 2 3->4DAA@OZDAA 860621-191702DAA@AI @MC @MX @MDDABDavid A. BridghamDaveFILDI GROUP RELAT2610 Monserat Ave Belmont CA 94002(415) 594-9268QAx3TMRC@AI*$AJuly 15dab@ftp.comMLY 900207-111135DAB@AI @MC @MX @MDDADDuff, David A.DaveFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-3133-7843155 Baystate Road Boston, MA 02215247-2986Prof. Charles Leicersontoc@MX*CUMay 11MXDAD 850726-181949DAD@MC DAEEspinosa,DavidNE43-4283-8570476 Memorial Dr. Rm. 6-401225-7672 or 225-7698LeisersonParallel universestoc@MX*AJanuary 23 The boy stood on the burning deck Whence all but he had fled. dae@OZ.AI.MIT.EDUCENT 870126-011502+DAKLRCKeskar, Dinesh A.FILDI GROUP RELATTHE BOEING COMPANY, BOX 3707, MAILSTOP 9R-49, SEATTLE,WA,98124.(206) 237-178612+xs937 SE 44TH CT BELLEVUE,WA 98006(206) 643-8415MACSYMA for Research in Flight ControlsUSERS1*TMJuly 25Interested in application of Modern Control Theory to Aerospace SystemsMXINQUIR 830512-000000DAKLRC@MC DAKLRC@ML DAKLRC@DM DAMMcAllester, David A.FILDI GROUP RELATNE43-8223-659923 Harris Road Medford Mass 02155395-6949H@MX*AUmay 30dam@wheatiesDAM 880818-123348DAM@AI @MC @MX @MDDAMIAyuso, DamarisDami FILDI GROUP RELATNE43-3263-529314 Larkspur Way #2, Natick, MA 01760655-9765Prof. Meyer6.045 ta*CGaugust 1dami@xxDAMI 850204-145256DAMI@MC 7DANBlumenfeld, DanDanFUO)x3ILDI GROUP RELAT Work Phone: (215) 662-68842 Gibson, 36th & Spruce Univ of PA Hospital Philadelphia, PA 19104bitblt blasting.interactive graphics systemstouristTGSeptember 9Working on Medical Imaging Project using SUN Microsystems and Apollo DOMAIN Workstations. "Protect your right to arm bears..."MXDAN 860204-233329DAN@MC DANAGroff, Dana D.DanaFILDI GROUP RELATDigital Equipment Corporation ZKO2-2/N83 110 Spit Brook Road Nashua, NH 03062603-881-24134 Norumbega Terrace Waltham, MA 02154617-894-4939centSCA mailing list SCAof courseTNMarch 30 SCA: Society for Creative Anachronism 7xs This Account is to be used for the SIG/mailing list. It is maintained by Dana Groff, known as Lord Danulf (called BunnycrusheInformation about this system. You are connected to a PDP-10 computer running the ITS operating system. ITS stands for Incompatible Timesharing System, and was written at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. To request assistance from any available user, you may do :LUSER. JCL is additional information that you give a command. (Note: This is not like IBM Job Control Language!) It is typed on the same line following the command, and is usually terminated with a carriage return. T*Px3he only common exception to this is terminating the :SEND and :MAIL commands with ^C (control-C) causes them to send immediately. Print a file. :print prints a file. Files are in the format :; where each field is six characters or less. Device defaults to DSK:, defaults initially to a user's directory, or USERS for people without directories, or .INFO. if you aren't logged in yet. You may use an [ALTMODE] (sometimes labelled ESC or ESCAPE) to print the defaults. [ALTMODE] prints as a dollar sign. bye-bye < ^C sends to immediately if he is logged in. If he is not logged in or is not receiving messages, it will be mailed. The may be more than one line long. The form "User@Host" does not work for SEND. type ":SEND ?" for more help. See what users are running what jobs. (FINGER) If given no JCL (do :HELP JCL), it prints TTY #'s,( 3Jx3 user-names (UNAME's), full names, the job they are currently running, and where they are from. If given JCL, that should be in the form NAME @,@,.... is the user you want to find out about, or everyone at that site if you omit it. "@" if omitted defaults to the site you are on. Look up information about a network host. Given a host name or host address, tells you all the names and addresses of the host and what protocols it supports. Print out info on system/version etc. This is like the :VERSIO and :SSTATU commands combined. Fair share is a measure of system load, if it is less9S.xs than about 40% you might wish to try when it is less crowded. See how loaded the system is. This prints out various pieces of information about how many system resources are in use. See what users are running what jobs. This is like WHO except that it prints out what job a person is currently in. Mail a bug report to a program's maintainers. Runs the mail program, but it takes the name of a program instead of a person. It will send mail to the people who maintain a given program. You should try to give any information that would help reproduce the problem. Usage is: :BUG MACSYMA The MACSYMA progrSFUx3am has gross bugs. ^C See who is logged in at a site. Differs from :WHOJ and :FINGER in that it only prints TTY# and user-name, The format of the JCL (See :HELP JCL) is: :WHO AI to find out who is on AI. Types time and date. Types the time of day. Types times from several different machines. Types time of day, and the phase of the moon. A program to read and echo characters. For testing terminals and finding out what your terminal sends. Print out info on who a person is. If given no JCL (Do :HELP JCL), it does it for everyone who is logged in. If given JCL, it should be the login name of 5 &xsa person, or his last name. It will print out relevant info on that person. (A more extreme :NAME) all-all-brief > >~;0 ;a;]>Print help on commands and concepts. Takes a single argument of the command to print help on. This command only exists before you log in. :HELP optionally takes the following after it's argument: -bf Brief. This just prints the first line of the documentation. :HELP ALL -bf just prints the names of the commands. Also, there is often help available by typeing H or ?, until you log in. Send mail to a user or users. This runs ?sx3the mail program. It takes a login-name as JCL (See :HELP JCL) and sends mail to that user. Terminate the message with a Control-C. More documentation on the :MAIL program may be obtained by doing: :MAIL H? Read a user's mail. :PRMAIL prints a users mail file. Print a user's SENDS file. :PRSEND prints a users SEND's, that is the messages that he has been sent while he has been logged in. List a directory. :listf prints a file. must me six characters or less. List the users on the system. Nice for printing terminals. ADo :LOGIlt1QxsN $?r,~@p80@,~+AAEnter your old password now! @@z$?x+7EAIncorrect. $?}? 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Last reply was: 0,K,,j {Xhqp(K& }Xhqp(K,~,,Q,W, ...NTMSND X,Y6 +&a,> 4,,jF$,d "@,~& & @)s @,b@)s Note: Net xfer lossage, no activity for 2 mins!x,gINCOMPLETE, 0,a,> ,n,jF$,d`&? B$ `&!INCOMPLETE, NET ERR= ,uX,> ,w,j`&?NTMEND ERR=X,| - but accepted.,~,> 4 -,j`&Funny reply from foreign host after sending message. Last reply was: - - ,j {Xhqyp(K& }Xhqp(K,~--# -Foo: NTRBUF Overflow: X-',> 4 6Xhqp(K`&a/" Bp""`&qNTRPLY: Bad reply syntax=d-;,> 4 [Xhqp(K - ,j {Xhqp(K& }Xhqp(K ]Xhqp(K+&I@`&,> 4 }Xhqp(K`&V+&cQTx 4([x,~@i| ,&B@++-s  -9@ `-:+&x0`&1B`&+&x@g&~@ @i| ,' {Q",~#@++-s SlmpC͛ -J@ -+'0`'1B`'+'X(0Q",~ -U()!xMXX'9Q",~*[-ZHELO (-\(,~ FROM:0-^ FROM:-...error for h-a", trying <>.h-cRSET -e FROM:<>@-f FROM:<> -MAIL -iSAML -jSEND -kSOML -lH0-md9+^,3+^(-mP-mH-m-m,3 6 Xhqp(K,d+^RCPT TO:@-xQTx  6 Xhqp(K [x,~RCPT TO: -QTx  6 Xhqp(K [x,~DATA . .,j ",~...NSMBYE timed>$ 1N outL.-,> 4.1,j`(QUIT (.&P)`*[-Z)c.hy;N!)S*E@ Q",~@ @a/%z rQ",~@+++#  -J@ `.*+(U1B`(+(U(,~ ...Re-ICP X.2NULL RCPT! 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[JgR.i9CM>t\@gVtH9uZ}h FIhYOK8Y&Lx)KKO4@i&hONmN$ E*pGOi:CJL[UIOVl. O+W2~N@GB@S:5pG 0IJ {wU&wePa[{@US8UlW2@ds,kN.,is,W7U:?vxgdIB@E&N2[>}`e^XGv@<S;Z9G>m[w7|gGJ:&tkgI5{@R-\6Y'R,;gK6 <`i6@I[gg0gg gggg*7C2`%ژggobody does. One somewhat related question: It seems every year Roch Tel adds at least 5 new exchanges. If NYNEX is doing the same in its (Buffalo LATA) part of 716, how far is 716 from an area code split? And will the Rochester LATA get a NNX NPA? Yecch! I'm getting nostalgic for 716 and it's not even gone yet! There are no N1/0X exchanges inhVSxh$ 716 yet, and dialing toll calls within the area code is 1+7 digits. Last time I tried, Roch Tel wouldn't allow 1+716+7 digits. Scott Fybush Disclaimer: This may not even be my own opinion. ------------------------------ From: Kevin Blatter Subject: Re: Rude Directory Assistance Date: 20 Feb 90 19:40:09 GMT Organization: AT&T BL Middletown/Lincroft NJ USA In article <4108@accuvax.nwu.edu>, HAMER@ruby.vcu.edu (ROBERT M. HAMER) writes: > My questions are, do you think they really can figure out who it was, > and will they really fire her? My wife had a somewhat similar 1tQ7xhdexperience a few months ago. MCI was telephone soliciting to get people to sign up for their Primetime service. They called my house and at first she did not hear the phone ring and the answering machine picked up the call. She then picked up the phone and he started into his dialogue. The answering machine was recording the call and the solicitor knew it. When he explained that he was from MCI and what he wanted, she politely stopped him short and explained that her husband worked for AT&T and therefore she would not be interested. When she finished explaining, he retorted, "Well then, hey ma'am how's your bladder?"Աxi$ and then started snickering....making reference to my last name, which incidentally rhymes with water, not bladder. It really pissed her off and having recorded the whole conversation on tape, she called customer service number for MCI. They were very apologetic and gave her another number to call. She called the other number and she played the tape for them. They took down all of the information about the call, ie. number, time, date, etc. They told her that it would be very easy to track down the offender and that he would definitely be fired. She started feeling guilty about it afterwards, making the guy lose #xidhis job and such. (She gets pissed off when people innocently mis-pronounce her last name!) I told her that as much as I hated MCI, you were probably doing them a favor. Kevin L. Blatter AT&T - Bell Labs Lincroft, NJ ------------------------------ From: "Steve Huff, U. of Kansas, Lawrence" Subject: Re: Rude Directory Assistance Date: 20 Feb 90 14:36:30 CST Organization: University of Kansas Academic Computing Services In article <4108@accuvax.nwu.edu>, HAMER@ruby.vcu.edu (ROBERT M. HAMER) writes: > My questions are, do you think they really can figure out who it was, > and will (xj$they really fire her? How's this for an answer: It depends on their technology. At the customer service center I work at, using ACD/Teknekron equipment, we can determine who was using the phone at what time. Although we can't tell what number they were talking to when the call is inbound, we look at all transactions from the terminals of the operators at that time. This identifies the operator almost every time, and also provides information indicating who was performing what transaction. Talk about Big Brother! Steve Huff Internet: HUFF@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu Bitnet: HUFF@ukanvax.BITNET EmCon: K1TR or K gPxjdW02 (If you have access, please say so!) ------------------------------ From: ames!ames!claris!portal!cup.portal.com!fleming@uunet.uu.net Subject: Re: Questions About LiTel Date: Mon, 19-Feb-90 08:00:04 PST >schoff@psi.com (Martin L. Schoffstall) writes: >I believe the LiTel that you are talking about is owned by Williams >Telecommunications Group (WTG) of Tulsa Oklahoma. A common misconception, but no. WilTel bought LightNet (based in Rockville, Maryland) to complete its nationwide network. LiTel is independent and based in Columbus, Ohio. LiTel, WilTel, and several other companies have a cooperative eff}gxk$ort known as NTN (National Telecommunications Network) to allow nationwide marketing and single point-of-contact for customers. Financially, LiTel and WilTel are completely separate. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Stephen Fleming | Internet: fleming@cup.portal.com | | Director, Technology Marketing | Voice: (703) 847-8186 | | Northern Telecom +-------------------------------------| | Eastern Region / Federal Ntwks | Opinions expressed do not | | McLean, Virginia 22102-4203 | represent Northern Telecom. | |#kd+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ------------------------------ From: tanner@ki4pv.uucp Organization: CompuData Inc., DeLand Subject: Re: Latest Charge by Southwestern Bell Date: Tue, 20-Feb-90 08:00:04 GMT ) If your local gogg'5 Y'gMFrf S1Z+xn3-``= xa3P 0sccoCF8Xd#F0rFHjM&`#!aiNL{ZCJ8 gg8:7 \oxB>- #XZD RmfurZQ\._Hq Qh] %1= d@VZ#iZZ[K&Z>e0P3soLa-0LbLFdqLT )N 51ONQNh1]BoQ)n ON6zfn5R, -#->s7S<n ۇLO:$M%>s3nIc-=E] 9@G ``gg*7IVnqn>sͻe8iXn467 M`/ fo&6sncE>sE&v97U1I*7)ieS:7u +g" :zۯ92>sͻ)>s,i>s7S<n fo&6rk7_B>sͻal>saS1\*7343n[a/$9#I@TrZGsZGHy GJ* fo&6wipisZK\OsiAt0 ͽ37B,Z`$p3soLaJ|) FAB f.#@TQJhbF-@T g@y4%ii'8 wNrTwߢw~@@ͼ5eFMw@ͽ37F{8Ϝ3n;, miϜ3op mi\Mgg*7gtI9>sͽ%G<1IX<5I3sNZK2t]n>sͽ%Y:.@``(X LP#a8Zh{m2y| A;I60*JU?`%?4@_C|(t7~57|`i&l\`E*p&E/`CSwG"|`GHQE/~CSwI \LSME/`CSw%ژ2gJ.E/`CSwIJ {wk)DctD7`CSwQLW?E9AE/,CSwY'G\')?`CSw_&@\LMdF}WCSwjcU9`CSw_C=|Rh|kCSwa-0)4d<_~CSwa^~) h E/`CSwiIfCOK+W~I&RM,k/_~%-3")j8_~%I*GT0,k"W_~I"ej8_~t-3"u*D_`tI._,aBae?`tI0_PDe;9U6O`] [M@@8F_E/`xaW*1"IJ0R0aHk&HO~5o$A:pOTNic*Dg~5o$EYg10zC~5o$E S$aWEwF4?~5o$Emp0FDG`5o$E#SLbTUQE'`e|Ri&lPeKE/dI"T3uAE~g#.@I?=`JH 3`D~Im[M@E QE/`.-3"!Y*~.I"-$:YM_~iL@ 9P7Dw~iLB? !DVFiLC~[ZME+C5,iLG0Q)8(6`iLG>l _\(,O`iLG>n k*Jq6`iLG?y0FiLI C\ E`iLIJ-cELERiLI@-cF`-gRiLI'YUWdyCG~iL3\&L[ZE~iLIVn\ E4iLLG xE'iLMM@)8(g`iLM \B Y$.w~iLlM$s\(70'`iLM&t@D8yH >E/`iL 9)80d`iLS;Z9]UwDg,iLWN4Y*8rD7`iLX'ƓCo`iLY'3)8(Co`iLY'I@?)Wm5oFiLY> @&\(="g`iLY>0C,a'D~iLZ]\(?Do`iL[M@i)4\IE/`iL[MMy)8((DW`iL[&$`gE~iL]lPlgcE/`iL]PY)8()`iL]R,;`y;85`iL_ "GDG`iL`l)4ZE/`iLagMXrb@d9_~iLa)8(0E`iLaE @H{d<B~iLa]LX~h p5D7`iLa-0g;E/`iLaJMmST5dW5o~iLaJ|) @ 2gJ4nE`iLa^l6#7{oCW`iLb(\(c7?`iLc .\(g`iLc}\5\(k`iLc6<)4\eDg`iLc8D\(sO`iLcN-iKZ\5w`iLgMM@\SJ oM'~iLgt@U\0E`iL;Bt]}E/~iLh\(Co`iLi myS}l)jxDg~iLip)8(ACo`iLiei:\(E`iLi8)8(BB7`iLiRex`B5E/`iLiSN=xFh[fYf~iLigVQ$vq G~7-3$dVn+~7I0'Dg_~W 0 }z@{(|Y0 ~@x (\T0 @x(_q0C|  @x(b0  @ x( e0 @x#(gf0 @x)(j0i @x/(mg0 @x5(p0 !@x;( r0 %"@#xA(${a0 )&@'xG((0 -*@+xM(, *0 1.@/xS(00 52@3xY(4 s0 96@7x_(80 =:@;xe(< <0 A>@?xk(@A0 EB@Cxq(D 0f\>\ IF@Gxw(H0 MJ@Kx}(L N0 QN@Ox(Pe0$ UR@S(T G0 YV@Wx(X0 ]Z@[x(\ N`0 a^@_(`щ0 eb@cR(d T)0 if@g(h0 mj@kY(l Yr0 qn@o(pܭ0 ur@s`(t _;0 yv@w(x?0 }z@{g(| e0 ~@( 0  @ n(  jM0% @ ( c0 @ u( p0  @ ( 0  @ |(  {_0  @ ( 0  @  (  (0  @ p(  0 0 # $ ! & ' M % * + ( ) . / , - 2 3 " 1 6 7 ? 5 : B < 9 > ; @ = L C D A <0( E f6@ Fh<  G J K 4 I N Ot P6 Q R St T 5 U V Wt X Y Z [t \ ] ^ _t `H a b" ct dY e f& gt h i j* kt l m n. ot p#Z q r2 st t&} u v6 wt x)# y z: {t |2 } ~> t 4l  B t! 7 G$F^ F t' :5  J t- =9  N t3 B  R t9 D  V t? IP  Z tE Ni  ^ tKQ<623714.890720.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><453286.880930@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><453285.880930@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><453133.880929@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><453131.880929@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><453124.880929@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452861.880929@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452856.880929@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452650.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452623.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452559.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452510.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><45252O03.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452439.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452359.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452350.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452302.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452294.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452288.880928@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><452052.880927@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><451511.880927@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><451466.880927@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><451427.880926@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><451398.880926@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><451244.880926@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><451193.880926@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><451172.880926@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><451094.880926@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><450993.880926@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449999.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449677.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449668.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449521.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449520.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449517.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449514.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449509.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449506.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449477.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449391.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449388.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449366.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449296.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><449220.880923@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><448190.880921@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><448117.880921@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><448115.880921@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><448084.880921@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><447977.880921@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><336350.880304@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334876.880302@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334872.880302@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334697.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334676.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334655.880301@AI.AI.MIT.U#h-EDU><334649.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334619.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334603.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334593.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334560.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334556.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334548.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334544.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334491.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334484.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334451.880301@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><334057.880229@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><333934.880229@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><333860.880229@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><333232.880228@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><333185.880228@AI.AI.MIT.EDU><332983.880227@AI.AI confused for the first two or three pages until I realized that "skill" was meant to refer to *only* those sorts of things that Sonj$a does. I was interpreting "skill" in the much broader sense where it might also include cognitive activities like diagnosis or classification. Much of what you say doesn't make as much sense for these latter sorts of "skills" as it does for the sensory-motor types of skills that Sonja engages in. Second, describe exactly what you mean by a domaing theory. All of your examples of the inadequacy of one domain theory or another strike me as extremely weak. Organinc chemistry, neural anatomy, and social history are the wrong domain theories for someone trying to *cook* Dan Dan Noodles (although they may be right for som 7l9eone trying to explain the success of Dan Dan Noodles). A better domain theory for the cook would involve facts like the trade-off between cooking time and cooking heat and the limits to that trade-off, information about various sauces, heuristics about what tastes good together, etc. -- in short, the kinds of things that CHEF (Hammond)) tried to learn. Just because knowledge can ba construed as somehow relevant, doesn't mean that it is appropriate domain theory. Thi has been discussed in the context of the notions of granularity. Antecdote: "If you give an AI type the task of programming a computer to cook an omletterk, pretty soon you'll find him studying thermodynamics and acadvanced metallurgy. All this is not to say that getting an appropriate domain theory is easy. Obviously it's hard, perhaps prohibitively hard. The point is that your arguments dismissing it on the basis of the inadequacey of a few obviously inappropriate examples are weak. I'll send you the specific pages by mail today. Take care, brad  1, answered,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 13 Jan 90 16:26:39 EST Received: from AI.AI.MIT.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via CHAOS with SMTP id 4151; 13 Jan 90 16:24:35 EST Date: Sat, 1iy3 Jan 90 16:26:10 EST From: David Chapman To: GRAVEL@REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU Message-ID: <688491.900113.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> *** EOOH *** Date: Sat, 13 Jan 90 16:26:10 EST From: David Chapman To: GRAVEL at REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU The Applied Heidegger conference is going to turn into a book. Winograd is currently revising his paper for it; it's about applications of Heidegger to computer systems design, and talks about Brooks, Agre, and Chapman some. I got the latex source from him and he seems to be happy to have it distributed (but not qu R/)oted or cited). My copy is in wh:/home/wh/zvona/winograd.tex. (I haven't read it carefully enough to have an opinion about it yet.)  1, answered,, Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 10 Jan 90 12:21:40 EST Received: from MITVMA.MIT.EDU by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa01707; 10 Jan 90 12:06 EST Received: from MITVMA.MIT.EDU by mitvma.mit.edu (IBM VM SMTP R1.2.1MX) with BSMTP id 9039; Wed, 10 Jan 90 11:42:47 EST Received: from ccm.UManitoba.CA by MITVMA.MIT.EDU (Mailer R2.05) with BSMTP id 2826; Wed, 10 Jan 90 11:42:14 EST Date: Wed, 10 Jan 90 10:22 CST From: John Anderson To: David Chapman Subject: Penguins Can Make Cake Message-ID: <9001101206.aa01707@mintaka.lcs.mit.edu> *** EOOH *** Date: Wed, 10 Jan 90 10:22 CST From: John Anderson To: David Chapman Re: Penguins Can Make Cake David (if I may be so bold), Just finished reading your article in the current AI Magazine. Enjoyed it greatly, and thought there were some very valid points. You are indeed correct, the relationship between plans and activity is much more interesting than was previously u5 e!Understood, and seems to get more interesting with every publication. However, I'd like to haggle one point with you if you have a few moments. After making the point that PENGI-like systems can solve problems such as Ginsberg's Fruitcake problem, you mention that many researchers have proposed hybrid classical/reactive systems, and you mention that this seems to combine the worst features of both approaches. I agree that classical planning is expensive (how could i not?) and that reactive planning can be myopic. However, it still seems that the two should be able to be combined with some good results. Day-to-day lifeHnUZXa does fit the Pengi-like paradigm you describe in many ways. However, a lot of what I do still seems like classical planning (those stop-to-think situations), and it seems on the whole natural to combine the two...use reactivity when we can't spare the expense of planning, and planning when we can (even the solution to the Fruitcake problem has a Plan-like character over and above the step-by- step activity, but then again maybe its just me trying to force it into the paradigm i'm used to setWqY'8WQ1T@+ "G9  "P "X  ,~ "D+ @ "D "D "D "D "D "D,0c "_+ ,3P2X3@q;xhY?W+ pax;ixvi*+ IAK\u7tWqi' yygyy Q_ @,~c6 X ,~ 6 P ,~ N,~W22O`w C@̀_0`u 1B`u06`@L,~ C@ N97 "D+ @+  + @ "D "D "D "D "D,\+ sxK 6@N>xh[E,tI+ pax;xxvhy-+ 7'y\u7tW򜀧!(   X P,~,,,,+   "D "D "D "D "DH{k+ gsxk`'@1X?C,=xT",}+ pax;xxvq|+ Q)E\u7tWr'(yy`'+6 {-,~ 800" ,~`'`E1b,~ 80" ,~0b`@,~5`E 80" ,~`@,~`'`E0" 8 ,~7`E-`'9E,~9E ,t% 6 ' ,s^*d@v:x+r;`E`'@5`E`'`Eq;,~,,,,+   "D "D "D "D "D[y0+ `'!@g F{Sy4?C,=xT"Cy8+ pax;xxvq|+ R|;y>\u7tW!sy' (`'"G6 {I`'(,~L`S N,~0x`rE "( `'`E+  + @+ @+ @ "D "D  "D "D ",j+ 6*6Y @ ZWxh_,tI+ pax;xRxvhy-+ 8C]\u7tWu)'+( 6= P X,~6A+ @6C+ @+   "D " 6$ "D "D "x+ ,,@@6(6Q,,K, + pax;xRxvhy-+ KD} \u7tWu9',( @@@6G,> `'- 6# ,^,~ 65 $s,~6K O ȀЀ'.(,~ 6%/ȀЀ󠀧](,~ 6&,!7,~6M,!=,~/ȀЀ󠀧](,~ 6)OG 6) ,~+ @+  + + @ "D "D "D "D "+   "i~sz7  @  @ x ,tI+ pax;xxvhy-+ -߳|szB\u7tWx_(,>  "X,L "P,L %,^,~&" "9Ȁ "9Ȁ`@+  + @+  + @ "D "D  "D "D "DJ{Icz\+  [?+QszbxhcهCzd,tI+ pax;xRxvhy-+ 9L~zj\u7tW򝀧a+ @+ @+  + @ "D "D "D "D "Dczz+  [?/Is{xhdɇC{,tI+ pax;xRxvhy-+ 9}c{\u7tWv'2?+ @+ @+ @+ @+   "D ",0 "g "_+ 6K Bwso#{xY,.U+ pax;xxvya+ &.EX|3{&\u7tWv1'4( 6 ,~ 6 !,~ 6 ,~g  &&(FG ,~ P,~+ @+ @+ @+ @ "D "D "D "D "D "x+ 6K6k @SN{xhf,tI+ pax;xxvhy-+ :m\u7tWvQ'6( + + @+ @+ @ "D "D "D "D ",q+  @ #xhg,tI+ pax;xxvhy-+ :Q\u7tW򝸧o(   X P,~}~[|6A@6!6C+ @+ , "D " 6$ "D "D "DD/x+ ," 6%@' ~!#xhiU'+ pax;xxvhy-+ Z)&MAA3\u7tW!k9&\( 1"p`u`urE6K,~6A@6!6C+ @+  "D " 6$ "D "D "+ 6K 6%@@s|5xhjqC|7+ paxyxRxvhy-+ JU{k|=\u7tWkI&](6 {,xm`\ 1"p`u`u 6# &((*~)H1H   &((*~)H 7@6A,~+ @+  + @ + @ "D "D "D "D,p+  @@ [xVEC,n+ paxyxxvhy-+ KqM\u7tW( ,\H,~ P X,~+  + @+ + @ "D "D  "D "D ",+  @xhl ,tI+ pax;xRxvhy-+ ;M\u7tW(  6#L(X* L(P* ,~@| + @+ @ "D "D " | "D "D ",2+ k |@kYSIx-O,tI+ pax;xRxvhy-+ ;ӥE[\u7tW( 06 X16 X0 P0,~rE |,~+ @+ @+ + @ "D "D "D "D "D ",W+ +; _#S}G,\,^,_,`xT"C}K,tI+ pax;xvhy-+ zzp|3}Q\u7tW O 1B>!+xR- (P&(  ( (X&(  (,~5@@,~@x,~7,~',~6C+ @@6"+ @ "D "D " 6$ "D "D+ 6&6MjY6Y 6-6W@6,@6+x9 , pax;xxvhy-+ M#)\u7tWlY&f( `&gp616 +xm6u (P&(&(  ( ( (X&(  (,~6A@6!6C+ @ "D   " 6$ "D "D "a+ ,:q#x(`n~@6(w}x 62 6M+ pa,xxvy]+ FIyS~"\u7tW@( 0b`@@@ 6$@rp6 {,xm+\IqM0B0 Ȁ 0F";qs+, ,>6}: (J~ ( - P B (J~ ( - X ,^ ,~ 6%(,~6K &y,~ 6&=b<,~6M=b?,~/Ѐ(,~&zĀ,~6A+ @6C+ @+   "D " 6$,p ",n+ 6I 6%@NSa 6O,e,hg0?I+ paxyxRxvya+ 6[c \u7tWo)&{( @6&(,~6M(,~   ,~6K6 {,xml/,~ +\I,p 6, P,~6Y X,~+ @ + @+ @+ @+   "D "D "D+   @KwGsxhtC,tI+ pax;xRxvhy-+ =}+\u7tW8O   (Xh0 (Ph0 ,~6A+ @6C+ @+   "D " 6$ "D "D "+ 6K 6%v緇c@6&xaRH~bC+ pacxxvhy-+ QQ=|[\u7tW@(,>' qM`quqM0C`1B8`0q`1B9+uqqu`qu6A+ @6C+ @+   "D " 6$ "D "D "+ 6K 6%O1UMc@6&xaRIRC+ pax;xxvhy-+ Om| \u7tWqI'(6E6 {+xm,~ 6# &(2  ((&(  ( &(2  ((&(  (,~6M(=bc,~ "D "D "D "D "D "D "D "D "D "D "D B+  A Hpwxu * , & (x L H Lpax;xhy-+ vhvvp\u7dy-to-hand phenomenon present-at-hand. This is just the sort of thing the Cartesian tradition loves to do; Heidegger is most useful in leading us away from this move. For Flores's project to be useful, it must be the case that communication is frequently hindered by the inexplicitness of speech act types; e.g. that breakdowns frequently result from misidentification of type. Has Flores demonstrated this? It must further be the case that making types explicit helps: that the costs of doing so are outweighed by t 0x5he benefits of avoiding misidentification. The majority of speech acts are "indirect"; e.g. requests often have the surface form of informings. There are many good reasons for this, which sociologists have studied in some depth. Has Flores demonstrated that the benefits of accurate speech act typing outweigh the strong social reasons for indirect speech acts? Futher, it must be the case that people are willing and able to accurately type their speech acts. Has Flores demonstrated this? The Coordinator forces users to make speech act types explicit. On the above analysis it seems unlikely that, if it is a useful toomwxul, it is useful for the reasons you have given for it. It may, nevertheless, BE useful. Why? One of the central tenets of ethnomethodology is that people will transparently appropriate and exploit any variable feature of a communicative situation as a means of communication. Any new communication medium provides new communicative resources. It may be that users of the Communicator have found creative ways to use its speech act typing to do useful work in ways not predicted by your theory. For instance, I'd be surprised if people did not regularly use it to perform indirect speech acts -- e.g. accomplishing requests Wx5by sending messages of the inform type. A final small textual point: you say that "Flores's concern is with unconcealing the fundamental ontology that underlies the use of computers, in particular the use of computers in work. `The principal task is that of finding a proper way to analyze and design communication processes in an office.'" This suggests that the only use of computers, at least in offices, is to support communication, which presumably you do not intend. So much for Flores's theory of communication. The remainder of my comments are on ontological design. As I've said, I find this notion inspirinxug. It does seem that there is much about the mode of Dasein to which we are thrown that is unfortunate, and it seems likely that there are possibilities for designing better ways of being. It also seems dangerous: our way of being is, in a way, all we've got, and intervention always runs a risk of accidentally making things worse. It seems that such interventions should be engaged in cautiously and with the understanding and consent of those whose being is intervened in. Flores seems to have respected neither of these constraints on responsible intervention. Speech act theory may in the end be the correct theory of;x5 communication. It is, however, only an empirical theory, and currently a controversial one, with plausible alternative proposals on the table. Cautious intervention based on speech act theory would require greater certainty that it is correct. So far as I can tell (not having read all the papers you cite) Flores has made little or no attempt to validate the theory empirically. This lack of attention to valiation of speech act theory is consonant with Flores's dismissal of participatory design. He says that "the systems designer needs to understand [the structure of language] _before_ starting to study and design." IF!#1xu don't see any support for this claim. Of course, as he says, one needs some idea of "what questions to ask" but that's not the same thing as having a complete theory before starting. Flores seems to be certain of his theory on a priori grounds, without any study. This is frighteningly arrogant. Flores seems to be willing to invervene in people's being without their consent or understanding. His ideas are, I gather, sold to managers. These managers, I take it, impose them on their subordinates. In other words, they try to get their subordinates to make their speech acts explicit, in email and presumably in face-t P /Ox5o-face communication as well. Most of the 100,000 users you mention presumably have not signed up of their own free will, but are rather required to use this technology as part of their jobs. Requiring workers to expose themselves to technologies with unknown properties is an ethically questionable practice in general; often it is regulated, e.g. in the case of toxic chemicals. Requiring workers to expose themselves to an experimental technology which claims to profoundly restructure their mode of being seems still more questionable. The regulation of hazardous technologies in the workplace often includes a "right to knoe~Tuw" law, in which companies are required to post explanations of what is known about the possible hazards of '5 |~/ | _,~ . 7@@c,~ 93.B NB6@@`Y . c B` d,~ c` d B d,~Q.A`4LE+2 ,)L.,5N4,~8 O%@%@C2` J 0 0NwY;\OUo f#NMG# NFHCH@'UjDxe ( $%s8N G#F#0CH"T*T()H$!)B D%sN G#NFSCH $)u,H ('T D( $sKgH PLg#(ap4h!H  FBLR D KD+( 'j4$ 8HT'THH888 %S 5  (LDHL&BxLF8&h8DH#Q*5 &2H f N&N'#FS@CH $QhU*  EsKg 3PLG#ad"(t()UHH(9H 87KPu2X,FH7d )Rg"((t'd Qhp)d'V@ &c(mw2eB Es g FPMg#Kp&P)` %h8'd 4YlW:f(2Y V !prK$p2^BK0t09mSP.W 7[, 4Xd1Z Vh2HFH3Y.7 4YM(9E1Z Vh0R2K*&(8],W: D)KITH* HT MC͚%|H )H D Z( Dy/#M!2.6Y . H D@@x@U .8 DODd`  d` di   dv P )+X 8Q Q +Q 9O+X /d/*>+d+@Y> @ v an@`- 7  0lL5L[LS 9+cv   @@ @ )L.,L " ,oh "]+ B? CT M S U W Yv l.v -S [+rO@! 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I don't know the answer. PT] Dialcom is connected through the Commercial Mail Relay Service, a.k.a. Intermail. Contact ISI for information. The CMRS can only be used for authorized Internet/DoD business. ------------------------------ End of TELECOM Digest V10 #106 ******************************  Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 16 Feb 90 15:57:35 EST Received: from delta.eecs.nwu.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa20622; 16 Feb 90 6:01 EST Received: from mailinglists.eecs.nwu.edu by delta.eecs.nwu.edu id aa06753; 16 Feb 90 4:57 CST Received: from maiLf}linglists.eecs.nwu.edu by delta.eecs.nwu.edu id aa14588; 16 Feb 90 3:53 CST Date: Fri, 16 Feb 90 3:13:17 CST From: TELECOM Moderator [To]: telecom@eecs.nwu.edu Subject: TELECOM Digest V10 #105 BCC: Message-ID: <9002160313.ab16916@delta.eecs.nwu.edu> TELECOM Digest Fri, 16 Feb 90 03:12:50 CST Volume 10 : Issue 105 Today's Topics: Moderator: Patrick Townson Centrex: Brickbats & Bouquets (Jim Breen) Sprint Also Playing "Switcheroo" (was Re: MCI Playing) (Yaakov Kayman) Re: MCI Playing "Switcheroo" (Mike Riddle) )t * 602 Area Code (AZ) News (Guy Finney) Re: Dallas Area Code Split (Linc Madison) Re: Caller ID (NOT Another Flame!) (Roy M. Silvernail) Re: Remote Broadcast Lines (Bill Nickless) Re: A Puzzle (Plastic Card "Negative Files") (Paul S. R. Chisholm) Re: Calling Card Numbers (John Higdon) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: jwb@monu6.cc.monash.oz (Jim Breen) Subject: Centrex: Brickbats & Bouquets Organization: Chisholm Institute of Technology, Melb., Australia Date: Wed, 14 Feb 90 21:51:37 GMT In article <3560@accuvax.nwu.edu>, john@zygot.ati.com (John Higdon) ,Ւ}blasts the Centrex alternative to P(A)BXs: > [......] The fact is Centrex is rarely a good idea for anyone. And Patrick, our beloved Moderator, replied: > [Moderator's Note: Unlike Mr. Higdon, I *love* Centrex. Pure and > simple. Following that, many other readers replied with a lot of pro and anti Centrex arguments and anecdotes. Readers may be interested to know that there is virtually *no* Centrex in Australia. Telecom Australia, even in the bad old days when it was rather like AT&T (Pre-Carterphone), never attempted to offer it as a service. An interesting point is that the community of telecommu]Inications users in Australia, who are generally fairly well aware of what happens in the US, never asked for a Centrex service. In fact the more perceptive observers seem to think that Centrex in the US is only being kept alive by the post-divestiture rules which (I believe) restrain local telephone companies from selling PABXs. Any comments on that view? Well all this might be about to change. Industry scuttlebut is that Telecom Australia, ever eager for more markets in the cold hard new world, is about to go live with a Centrex offering. Some observers opine that unless it is very attractive financially, i.e. much lessѧ} than the PABX equivalent, it will be a disaster. Telecom only just lost its PABX maintenance monopoly, and has also lost its Keysystem CPE monopoly. It has a small share of the PABX market with the Fujitsu 9600 which it sells in the face of the market leaders NEC's 2400 and Ericsson's MD110. Is Centrex just a North American phenomenon, or is a regular offering by PTTs worldwide? _______ Jim Breen (jwb@monu6.cc.monash.oz) Dept of Robotics & /o\----\\ \O Digital Technology. Chisholm Inst. of Technology /RDT\ /|\ \/| -:O____/ PO Box 197 Caulfield East VIC 3145 Australia O-----O bW ! _/_\ /\ /\ (ph) +61 3 573 2552 (fax) +61 3 573 2748 ------------------------------ Date: Thursday, 15 Feb 1990 12:22:28 EST From: Yaakov Kayman Subject: Sprint Also Playing "Switcheroo" (was Re: MCI Playing) Organization: City University of New York/ University Computer Center In article <3559@accuvax.nwu.edu>, c186aj@cory.berkeley.edu (Steve Forrette) says: >It seems like several telecom readers have had bad experiences with >MCI telling the BOC to switch their equal access default carrier. It >would seem to me that unless the customer requested the change, that >the customer=5} is using MCI (or whatever it got changed to) without his >or her knowledge. This being the case, can MCI enforce payment. >1) The customer did not know that they were using MCI. >2) By billing the customer for the calls, MCI is in effect generating >business through an illegal act (I assume that telling the BOC that >the customer has requested a change when this is not the case is >illegal). Isn't it a general principle of law that you can't enforce >payment on a debt resulting from an illegal act? 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Also: TGO@AIM.Rutgers.edu Gnassi@Elbel-7=Sx>reth.Rutgers.eduTGO@AIM.Rutgers.eduTGO 871124-101736TGO@AI @MC @MX @MDTGQQuux, The GreatGreat ClodFILDI GROUP RELAT545 Tech Square, Room 8343-7834410 Washington St., Brighton254-5005GLSrandomUSERS9yesLMXBYE 850519-041524TGQ@MC THANGBui, Thang N.ThangFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-3283-6259Ashdown House 305 Memorial drive Cambridge, Ma 02139225-9764Ron RivestTheory*CG|?LUNCH@ B0 J` p@@x@ @ `@x @ HH(@x@ @ @` @  060 Wadsworth St., #15H, Cambridge, MA 02142494-5497*CGAugust 20thc@xx:.$0x>VTHC 850801-115758THC@MC THERMOWatowich, S.FILDI GROUP RELATDEPT. OF CHEMISTRY UNIV. OF CHICAGO CHICAGO, IL 60637CHICAGO (312)962-7253DEPT. OF CHEM. UNIV. OF CHICAGO CHICAGO, IL 60637CHICAGO (312)962-7253R.S.BERRYFINITE-TIME THERMO CALCULATIONS/ALGEBRAUSERS9*TMMXINQUIR 830512-000000THERMO@MC THERMO@ML THERMO@DM {THOKARThokar, GregFILDI GROUP RELATgumbyList and signal |<LUNCH@ }X@p`H!jE ,H Tq S(RId &Q$!Sj$, Dz*)B$Q :* d H0* &# #0CU  hfun and profitbranching time temporal logic*TG "If at first you don't succeed, try, t'x?ry again. Then quit. There's no use being a damn fool about it." -- W.C. FieldsMXTHOR 841207-010508THOR@MC TICKPuccia, Charles J.FILDI GROUP RELATHarvard School of Public HealthCharles Pucciaalgebraic signed digraphsUSERS9*TMMXELLEN 830615-071255TICK@MC TICK@ML TICK@DM TIGERCalafati, Nancy AnnLilMcGillN/A1219 Harvard Terrace #1, Evanston, IL 60202312-869-xeI@09P *)Dp"U  !U $p EK$H2yNRsRd KFr!Q)dNVp7-f8 &ruJ0r%R@ - Willy Wonkanancy@nuacc.acns.nwu.eduTIGER 890402-141125TIMMcNerney, TimTimFIL4j zD?VDI GROUP RELAT21 Greene St., Somerville, MA 02143628-2233greater humanitynon-procedural languagesTIM*AXFebruary 2AITIM 890706-145121TIM@AI @MC @MX @MDkTIMCChinowsky, TimFILDI GROUP RELAT4 Ames Street225-6624*AUtimc@ozTIMC 860923-114302TIMC@AI @MC @MX @MDkTINALoDuca, TinaTinaFILDI GROUP RELATNE43-1003-5851HyneseverythingHQ,MLDD*CBMXGSB 840306-032611TIRQRQ` H'@ ]m516 February 1990 20:25-ESTx1u*@ @( I0 @t([0 @ t ( 0 @t(0 @t(c0 @t(0 @t%(",0 !@t+( %!0 %"@#t1($)u0 )&@'t7((,0 -*@+t=(,/B0i 1.@/tC(02+0 52@3tI(45'0i 96@7tO(870 =:@;tU(<:a0 A>@?t[(@=0_Vn@ EB@Cta(D@.0 IF@Gtg(HC-0e MJ@Ktm(LG0e QN@Ots(PJ0 UR@Sty(TMI0 YV@Wt(XR[0 ]Z@[t(\U0i a^@_t(`W0 eb@ct(dZ0 if@gt(h]L0 mj@kt(l`a0i qn@ot(pc30 ur@st(tf0 yv@wt(xj0i }z@{t(|m0 ~@t(p40<:A @t(s10  @t({}0  @ t( 0 @t( F0 @t(U0 @t(0 @t(0 !@t( "X0i %"@#t($1A0 )&@'t((S0 -*@+t(,70 1.@/t(00 52@3t (4>W0 96@7t(8w0 =:@;t(<D 0 A>@?t(@ 0SIA EB@Ct!(DIi0 IF@Gt'(HЛ0 MJ@Kt-(LS20 QN@Ot3(P-0e UR@St9(T0 YV@Wt?(X_`0 ]Z@[tE(\0 a^@_tK(`e)0 eb@ctQ(d0 if@gtW(hjr0 mj@kt](l0 qn@otc(pp;0 ur@sti(t?0 yv@wto(xx0 }z@{tu(|0 ~@t{(M05fnHVB @t(c0  @t( 0  @ t(  0 @t(_0 @t(0 @t("(0 @t(%0  !@t( 1q0 %"@#t($60 )&@'t((9:0 -*@+t(,<=0h 1.@/t(0? 0 52@3t(4Am0 96@7t(8D0e =:@;t(<Gq0 A>@?t(@N0 GB EB@Ct(DU0 IF@Gt(HYf0 MJ@Kt(L\0 QN@Ot(P_/0 UR@St(Tb'0 YV@Wt(Xdx0 ]Z@[t(\g0 a^@_t (`jA0 eb@ct(dmK0 if@gt(hp 0 mj@kt(lr0e qn@ot#(pu0 ur@st)(tx80 yv@wt/(x{90  }z@{t5(|0 ~@t;(0 T{MSC @tA(J0  @tG(]0  @ tM( 0 @tS(0 @tY(*\0 @t_(0 @te(6%0 !@tk( 0 %"@#tq($?n0 )&@'tw((ĩ0 -*@+t}(,I;0 1.@/t(0?0  52@3t(4W0 96@7t(80e =:@;t(<0g A>@?t(@m0DEC EB@Ct(D|0 e IF@Gt(H0 MJ@Kt(L 0 QN@Ot(PI0 UR@St(T[0 YV@Wt(X0 ]Z@[t(\0 a^@_t(`[0 eb@ct(d 0 if@gt(h#$0 mj@kt(l(0 qn@ot(p*m0 ur@st(t-0 yv@wt(xReceived: from MC.LCS.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 3131) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 21 Feb 90 13:49:01 EST Received: HP2WDfrom lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by MC.LCS.MIT.EDU; 21 Feb 90 13:47:52 EST Received: from SPOCK.LCS.MIT.EDU by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa10806; 21 Feb 90 13:43 EST Date: Wed, 21 Feb 90 13:44 EST From: "Ira J. Haimowitz" Subject: At Harvard: Matt Ginsberg on Modal Operators To: medg-mit@MC.lcs.mit.edu Included-msgs: The message of 21 Feb 90 10:25 EST from menke@harvard.harvard.edu Message-ID: <19900221184415.1.IRA@SPOCK.LCS.MIT.EDU> Date: Wed, 21 Feb 90 10:25 EST From: menke@harvard.harvard.edu To: colloquium@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-faculty@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-research@harvard.harvard֑D.edu, cs-staff@harvard.harvard.edu, cs_ecse-faculty@harvard.harvard.edu Subject: CRCT Colloquium Series COLLOQUIUM SERIES PRESENTS A NEW APPROACH TO MODAL OPERATORS Matt Ginsberg Stanford University Monday, February 26, 1990 4 PM Aiken Computation Laboratory 101 (Tea at 3:30 pm Aiken Main Lobby) Abstract We describe a new formalization of modal operators that views them not in terms of Kripke's possible worlds, but as functions on an underlying set of truth values. Thus Moore's knowledge operator L, where Lp means ``I know that p,'' would correspond to a mapping taking true into true (since we knolx}Ew p if we know it to be true) and taking both false and unknown into false (since we do not know p if we either know it to be false or know nothing about it at all). This new approach has the following advantages over the conventional ones: 1. Intuitive simplicity. 2. It provably generalizes both Kripke's construction and Moore's autoepistemic logic, while making clear the distinctions between them. 3. It allows for easy further generalization to modal operators that are related to temporal reasoning and to causality. 4. The natural procedure for computing the truth vauʁElue of a sentence involving these modal operators is "incremental" in the sense that it computes approximate answers that converge to the correct one in the large runtime limit. This talk will concentrate on the first two of these properties; I will discuss the third and fourth as completely as time allows. Host: Professor Barbara Grosz  cj^xGNI @[N8'3vd*I @iF@G  *KcKyiF@GL5©E'OJ,{yE?W *Y>I @Mvg_ Pa2`"P$0F&`gB,0iF@@L*B?{̖gB,0iFD ,Tz2h 'JgB,0iFD(' cC7JgB,0%DQs9C7JgB,0iFD)R i;-{g%JgB,0iFD@Y _% 'JgB,0iFD`&JgB,0iFEf(rd&JgB,0iFE k,yH&JgB,0iFE@ rSBe&JgB,0iFE`!Ç&HgB,0iFFL![C5HgB,0iFF GiMh2/Jo-jS/_xINS.STANFORD.EDUJEFFERSON-EMH1.ARMY.MILJELLYJELLY.AI.MIT.EDUJELLYBEANJELLYBEAN.LCS.MIT.EDUJELLYCLONE1JELLYCLONE1.AI.MIT.EDUJELLYCLONE3JELLYCLONE3.AI.MIT.EDUJELLYCLONE4JELLYCLONE4.AI.MIT.EDUJELLYCLONE5JELLYCLONE5.AI.MIT.EDUJELLYMACJELLYMAC.LCS.MIT.EDUJELLYPRINTERJENKINS.STAT.WISC.EDUJENKINS.WISC.EDUJENNINGSJENNINGS.LCS.MIT.EDUJEROME.ULTRA.NYU.EDUJEVOJEVO.LCS.MIT.EDUJHEREGJHEREG.LCS.MIT.EDUJHMAIL.HCF.JHU.EDUJHNAME.HCF.JHU.EDUJI.BERKELEY.EDUJILLJILL.MIT.EDUJIM.ULTRA.NYU.EDUJIMIJIMI.AI.MIT.EDUJIMMY.HARVARD.EDUJJJJ.LCS.MIT.EDU\A@GxJJJB.ZO.UTEXAS.EDUJLS.ITD.NRL.NAVY.MILJMJM.ITD.NRL.NAVY.MILJNF.ITD.NRL.NAVY.MILJOEJOE-LOUISJOE-LOUIS.LCS.MIT.EDUJOE.LCS.MIT.EDUJOHANNES-BRAHMSJOHANNES-BRAHMS.AI.MIT.EDUJOHNJOHN.LCS.MIT.EDUJONESJONES.AI.MIT.EDUJONESEEJONESEE.MEDIA.MIT.EDUJOVE.RUTGERS.EDUJPG-1.ARPAJPL-GDSS.AF.MILJPL-GDSS.ARPAJPL-GPVAX.ARPAJPL-MIL.JPL.NASA.GOVJPL-MILVAX.ARPAJPL-ROBOTICS.ARPAJPL-VLSI.ARPAJPLNG.JPL.NASA.GOVJPLOPTO.JPL.NASA.GOVJPLPUB2.JPL.NASA.GOVJRDJRD.LCS.MIT.EDUJSM-BFLYJSM-BFLY.AI.MIT.EDUJSNACH.ARPAJSNACH.BBN.COMJUBJUB.CS.UMD.EDUJUDY.xݝxJNJPL.NASA.GOVJUICEJUICE.LCS.MIT.EDUJUICYJUICY-JUICEJUICY-JUICE.LCS.MIT.EDUJUICY.LCS.MIT.EDUJULJUL.LCS.MIT.EDUJULGRANJULGRAN.LCS.MIT.EDUJULIAN.UWO.CAJULIET.CALTECH.EDUJULIET.LL.MIT.EDUJUNE.CS.WASHINGTON.EDUJUNO.RICE.EDUJUPITER.ARC.NASA.GOVJUPITER.CS.WAYNE.EDUJUPITER.NMT.EDUJUST-RIGHTJUST-RIGHT.AI.MIT.EDUJVGJVG.LCS.MIT.EDUJVNC.CSC.ORGJVNCA.CSC.ORGJVNCB.CSC.ORGJVNCC.CSC.ORGJVNCF.CSC.ORGK.CS.CMU.EDUK.GP.CS.CMU.EDUKA.ECN.PURDUE.EDUKADENA-EMH.AF.MILKADENA-PIV-1.AF.MILKADENA-PIV-1.ARPAKAHUNA.SUBMM.CALTECH.EDUKAISERSLATRN.MMT.DDN.MILjxKKAISERSLAU-EMH1.ARMY.MILKAL-KANKAL-KAN.MEDIA.MIT.EDUKALKANKALKAN.MEDIA.MIT.EDUKALLIOPE.RICE.EDUKANGAKANGA.LCS.MIT.EDUKANKIN.CS.UTEXAS.EDUKAONKAON.LCS.MIT.EDUKAOS.UCHICAGO.EDUKAOS.UMD.EDUKAPPA.RICE.EDUKARENKAREN.AI.MIT.EDUKARLSRUHE-EMH1.ARMY.MILKARNA.CS.UMD.EDUKAUAI.CS.WASHINGTON.EDUKAUAI.MCL.UNISYS.COMKAUAI.NRC.COMKAZOOKAZOO.LCS.MIT.EDUKEESLER-AIM1.AF.MILKEESLER-AIM1.ARPAKEESLER-PIV-1.AF.MILKEESLER-PIV-1.ARPAKEESLER-PIV-2.AF.MILKEESLER-PIV-2.ARPAKEEWS.NOSC.MILKEISHIKEISHI.MEDIA.MIT.EDUKEITERKEITER.AI.MIT.EDUKELLY-PIV-1.AF.-h!@xKNMILKEM-EDS.AF.MILKEM-EDS.ARPAKENKEN.AI.MIT.EDUKENNETH-WILLIAMSKENNETH-WILLIAMS.SCRC.SYMBOLICS.COMKENTARUS.CC.UTEXAS.EDUKEPLER.STSCI.EDUKERBEROSKERBEROS-1KERBEROS-1.LCS.MIT.EDUKERBEROS-2KERBEROS-2.LCS.MIT.EDUKERBEROS.LCS.MIT.EDUKESTREL.ARPAKESTREL.EDUKEUKA.CS.ROCHESTER.EDUKEYNES.UTEXAS.EDUKICKI.STACKEN.KTH.SEKID-LIBKID-LIB.MEDIA.MIT.EDUKIDDO.MERIT.EDUKIDLIBKIDLIB.MEDIA.MIT.EDUKILLKILL.LCS.MIT.EDUKILLINGTONeginning to address the phenomenon of agency in general. The agents envisioned by the classical planning literature pursued definite goal]WxLs from definite initial conditions and relied on the world to be simple, predictable, and static. While these assumptions are liable to be valid in some settings, the world of everyday life requires other ways of thinking about the positive conditions that make our activities tractable. This paper reviews ten issues that computational research on agency is beginning to address---contingency, active perception, indexicality, adaptation, integration, cultural support for cognition, stabilization, symbolic mediation, distributed cognition, and the social organization of learning. It also suggests directions for future researV\xLNch by placing these issues within a framework derived from social theory.} \vfill \noindent Copyright $\copyright$ 1990 Philip E.~Agre. \newpage Computational research on action has recently made an important move beyond the territory of classical planning and into more realistic domains. These new domains have been characterized as {\em uncertain}, {\em unpredictable}, and {\em changing}, or in terms of {\em resource limitations}. Research aimed at building agents for these domains has contributed numerous technical proposals, such as {\em situated automata} [Rosenschein and Kaelbling 1986], {\em subsumption ar,/IxMchitectures} [Brooks 1986], {\em reactive planning} [Georgeff and Lansky 1987, Firby 1987, Fox and Smith 1984], {\em action networks} [Nilsson 1989] and {\em universal plans} [Schoppers 1987]. My own recent work with David Chapman has addressed these issues as well, leading to the development of {\em running arguments} [Agre 1985] and the use of {\em deictic representation} and {\em visual routines} [Agre and Chapman 1987, Agre in preparation]. In light of the accumulated technical experience that these projects represent, a need has become evident for a more robust framework within which to characterize individual domaiNS,`3xMNns, tasks, and modes of activity in the design of situated agents. Terms such as `uncertain', `unpredictable', `unchanging', and `limited resources', valuable as they are in indicating directions for new research, are essentially {\em negative} characterizations. They explain why various tasks are {\em hard}, but they do not explain why those tasks are {\em possible}. In the classical planning literature, tasks were understood as specific goals to be achieved in specific situations; the practicability of tasks was understood in terms of a formal relationship among (representations of) situations, plans, and goals [Fikes a \7xNnd Nilsson 1971]. This way of understanding activity can be useful in certain highly regulated environments such as factories [Wilkins 1988, 1989]. But beyond this narrow range of applications, we urgently need a more general way of expressing {\em positive} characterizations of tasks and domains, a vocabulary within which to investigate the factors that ameliorate or offset the widespread uncertainty, unpredictability, change, and resource-boundedness of real-world activities. A big part of any positive characterization of a world is going to be an inventory of the resources in that world that makes various activities HxNNpossible. In what helpful ways is the task environment laid out? What helpful representational practices have been developed? How is the activity customarily distributed across cooperating agents? What kinds of formal and informal apprenticeship prevail? What forms of slack do the agents have available? What corners can they cut? What deals can they make and what conventions can they establish to maintain uniformity of the activity across the long haul? Practical and theoretical considerations, then, suggest trying to formulate computational ideas about the relationship between the {\em agency} of individual actorsN/xO and the {\em structure} of the world they inhabit. The word `agency' is meant to indicate a broadening of the scope of computational research on action, from the {\em planning} of individual episodes to the {\em ways of life} in which agents participate over long periods. The word `structure' is meant to indicate a shift of technical explanations from the properties of {\em plans} to the properties of extended {\em interactions} between agents and their worlds. Investigation of the interrelationships between agency and structure, I would like to suggest, can lead to a deeper understanding of the technical considerations "ud~xONsurrounding action in the world of everyday life. \section{Agency and the world} The purpose of this paper, then, is to begin filling out a picture of situated activity, and in particular to sketch some of the issues that a computational theory of agency must face as it moves beyond the classical planning and problem-solving frameworks. The analysis draws equally on two very different literatures, artificial intelligence and anthropology, or more generally computational and social t,>,>,> 'd6@!+ 6@"37dC37d5" d"X+ 1B`!06&#c}xP+/0B0 `# = "+6@! 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AQ8 \XMt n s? `F`2\ )+%82W J{ _IIe@XQ  +h@#z%VUb4g@QH@ ~:K@-7:q(JrP5L|qͻ&zfo= vn A1]u t>Su'WT5oy?GK{ ?Dn_Y&9? g32N@g(tFx`1cv3-ht[N8A=K]8{v8"c+Gc-#vC&k"Y, E&Ixq6QE#v %M>xN(`!ũ+-#vMJ,Pi@H`#˝.;vU>0q6hK=8;vW%p" `Om-#vW%pq6SO 6 vY$^q6`W-([vY' Qf`[-3n-3vY' g(tM`0Y-3v[ Y'L`eC223C3v[%q6Z5Ci{fCkv[>$[ q6Б9CB#v[L$`K6 v] d)sA J̵CvҘ" AQE#vd)s`000veLL`[uU9kv[e&b2g a|5Cvq6M UD %D vg&-Y7q6H `Ws T*vgfnI&@A(YD,"DviY>=@Ed[6K"E#vi[M@E+PWie6Q E#vin `i4mz6vin yq6_@`t-Zyb-[vi&lPq6^1W0cviJN[+`v3EJiJNi@ K0 Subject: At Harvard: Matt Ginsberg on Modal Operators To: medg-mit@MC.lcs.mit.edu Included-msgs: The message of 21 Feb 90 10:25 EST from menke@harvard.harvard.edu Message-ID: <19900221184415.1.IRA@SPOCK.LCS.MIT.EDU> Date: Wed, 21 Feb 90 10:25 EST From: menke@harvard.harvard.edu To: colloquium@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-faculty@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-research@harvard.harvard.edu, cs-staff@harvard.harvard.edu, cs_ecse-faculty@harvard.harvard.edu Subject: CRCT Colloquium Series COLLOQUIUM SERIES PRESENTS A NEW APPROACH qCTO MODAL OPERATORS Matt Ginsberg Stanford University Monday, February 26, 1990 4 PM Aiken Computation Laboratory 101 (Tea at 3:30 pm Aiken Main Lobby) Abstract We describe a new formalization of modal operators that views them not in terms of Kripke's possible worlds, but as functions on an underlying set of truth values. Thus Moore's knowledge operator L, where Lp means ``I know that p,'' would correspond to a mapping taking true into true (since we know p if we know it to be true) and taking both false and unknown into false (since we do not know p if we either know it to be false or know nothing about it ar3t all). This new approach has the following advantages over the conventional ones: 1. Intuitive simplicity. 2. It provably generalizes both Kripke's construction and Moore's autoepistemic logic, while making clear the distinctions between them. 3. It allows for easy further generalization to modal operators that are related to temporal reasoning and to causality. 4. The natural procedure for computing the truth value of a sentence involving these modal operators is "incremental" in the sense that it computes approximate answers that8@oG22 converge to the correct one in the large runtime limit. This talk will concentrate on the first two of these properties; I will discuss the third and fourth as completely as time allows. 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Any of these sorts of representation can be implemented by many different mechanisms. II. Two goals of the paper. The paper seems to have two goals: one is to survey applications of Heidegger to computer system design; the other is to argue for one rather than another way of applying his work. More work is needed to succeed at the second goal. The argument is that applications can be divided into ontic and ontological, and that the second sort of application is better. You don't say this clearly in any one place. It ought to be said cleaI;g%bqrly and near the beginning. First of all, you need to clarify what you mean by "ontic" and "ontological". You repeatedly put these words in quotes, which suggests to me that you are yourself uneasy with your use of them. I've read B+T pretty carefully and I'm not sure I understand the relationship between your usage and Heidegger's, so I think many other readers are likely to be confused also. The closest you come to a definition is in the last paragraph of section 1, where you describe ontic applications as the "development of computer tools that are more ready-to-hand". This does not describe Brooks's work or AB191dgre's and mine. We are rather interested in the design of systems which have some of characteristics of Dasein. You also never explain why you think "ontological" applications are better than "ontic" ones. Rather it is intimated by saying that Flores "takes a deeper direction from Heidegger" and is "more radically Heideggerian". What's the metric of depth or radicalness? You (apparently) criticise the work you characterize as "ontic" by suggesting that it combines elements of the Heideggerian program with other more traditional ideas. This is equally true of yours and Flores's work, which combines ideas from HeidesUqgger with ideas from speech act theory and other sources. I think that many of the ideas you have taken from these more traditional sources are wrong. Whether or not I am right that they are wrong, this observation suggests that you have no more transcended the tradition than anyone else. Transcending is, I think, an inevitably incremental and hermeneutic process; you can never get outside the tradition in one big jump. It seems to me that the real distinction you want to make is between application of Heidegger to computer design per se and application of Heidegger to the design of human Being which incidentally motivadKiutes the design of computer tools. Maybe you should just say this, rather than introducing terminology that is liable to be misunderstood. Finally, your reference to an "inevitable slowdown" in computer technology seems like a needlessly strong claim. How do you know that there will be such a slowdown? How could you even measure progress in order to compute a change in speed? You don't need to postulate such a slowdown to motivate the rest of your paragraph, and it invites irrelevant argument. III. Flores (+ Winograd) I have three basic comments on section 5. The first is that I think speech act theory is incomHq66qpatible with Heidegger, is a wrong theory, and is a bad basis for an email system. The second is that while I find the program of intervention into the structure of Dasein (= human Be-ing) inspirational, I also find it dangerous, and I worry about the effects of the particular interventions you and Flores have made. The third is that I am concerned that you do not make your involvemnt in Flores's work explicit. OK. First, you quote Flores as saying that speech act theory and Heidegger are "apparently conflicting". They seem actually conflicting to me. I haven't read Flores's thesis so I don't know how he proposes toZ m% reconcile them. (I'm curious enough that I mean to track it down and read it soon.) I'm skeptical that combining these ideas is possible. On the other hand, whether or not speech act theory is compatible with Heidegger isn't really important. Heidegger had no special, direct line to Truth (though you seem sometimes to write as though you think he did). A more important question is whether speech act theory is a correct theory of human communication. I don't think so. I'm sure you are familiar with the reasons I'd adduce, so I won't repeat them. But as one example Levinson's analysis of speech act theory and rejectEe] qion of it in favor of ethnomethodological conversation analysis seems on target to me. Conversation analysis, not coincidentally I think, derives historically from Heideggerian phenomenology, whereas speech act theory comes straight out of the analytic tradition. Flores's basic project seems to be to get people to make explicit the type of speech act they are performing in each utterance. This seems actually anti-Heideggerian. A major point of Div I of B+T is that most of being is inarticulate and should stay that way. If speech act theory is correct, people are constantly performing speech acts without articulating)3N  them, and that's just fine. 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DDT.USR:TTY 8=00 6@+|`, XL,bd @+;W@@e|` @@;0Y@l5`3s5x OP`@ww)?U(QJ(Q$@Use :LOGIN (you?F x' must type the colon).(QK(QHhUse :LOGOUT (you must type the colon).@z@@q'<$@ o`I1'"_X9cIV7@V +O?XC+OC$pC  NOSCa` {r %R}psYC@|͍?!5B0_@UH Ug<;P[;PY !?? qP\$+{  U*U*U``@``+;,bO1#+! 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Does Flores's product include explaining the empirical and theoretical basis of his intervention to all the people on whom it is imposed? A final concern. If I had not read your book with Flores I would probably not know, after reading section 5, that you were involved in the design of the Coordinator. You never mention it; the only way I might figure that out would be by noticing that you are a coauthor on several of the papers of his you cite. This seems odd to me, a fact which requires explanation. I imagine other readers familiar with your joint work will ask themselves the same question. You c/SQx<@an forestall their filling in explanations you would not like by answering it explicitly. I mention this particularly because I know, through your involvement in CPSR for instance, that you are deeply concerned with the responsible application of computer technology. I admire this concern. Your advocacy of and involvement in Flores's work is therefore puzzling to me, because it does not strike me as responsible. Perhaps I am missing something. -- David  1,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 20 Feb 90 04:54:32 EST Received: from AI.MIT.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via INTERNET with SMTtx=P id 14047; 20 Feb 90 04:54:07 EST Received: from labrea.stanford.edu by life.ai.mit.edu (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA09785; Tue, 20 Feb 90 04:53:33 EST Received: by labrea.stanford.edu; Tue, 20 Feb 90 01:54:43 PST Received: by cygnus.com (4.0/SMI-4.0) id AA07776; Tue, 20 Feb 90 01:06:28 PST Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 01:06:28 PST From: cygint!gumby@labrea.stanford.edu (David Vinayak Wallace) Message-Id: <9002200906.AA07776@cygnus.com> To: zvona@ai.mit.edu Subject: radio contrasts *** EOOH *** Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 01:06:28 PST From: cygint!gumby at labrea.stanford.edu (David Vinayak Wallace) To: zvona at ai.mit.edu Re: radio co!x=@ntrasts This evening while cooking I heard Radio Moscow translating interviews with various soviet legislators on whether Gorby would make a good prez or not. Then I listened to Radio Bejing quoting an Australian advisor as saying that China should return to central planning as the only hope for its ills. His exact words (which they played): "China has got to define some reasonable policy on hazardous waste and apply it uniformly throughout the country if they want to solve their serious problems with industrial output." Rather a contrast, wot?  1,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDUGx>; 20 Feb 90 11:08:17 EST Received: from THINK.COM by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via INTERNET with SMTP id 14101; 20 Feb 90 11:07:50 EST Return-Path: Received: from Confucius.Think.COM by Think.COM; Tue, 20 Feb 90 11:07:14 -0500 Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 11:07 EST From: Gary L. Drescher Subject: your letter to Winograd To: zvona@reagan.ai.mit.edu Message-Id: <19900220160709.2.GLD@CONFUCIUS.THINK.COM> *** EOOH *** Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 11:07 EST From: Gary L. Drescher To: zvona at reagan.ai.mit.edu Re: your letter to Winograd You describe Pengi as ``Agre's program''. I didx>@ virtually all the implementation and most of the design of it. Most of the ideas it illustrates are Phil's, though I had a part in their development also. I think you should also claim credit for choosing the domain for Pengi. Going from abstract ideas to a nontrivial yet tractable concrete instantiation is one of the hardest things about doing research, and your insight that the Pengo domain was suitable was what made that transition possible for Phil's & your ideas.  1,, Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 20 Feb 90 11:38:14 EST Received: from crash.cs.umass.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edEx?u id aa15802; 20 Feb 90 11:31 EST Received: from vax3.cs.umass.edu by crash.cs.umass.edu (5.61/Ultrix2.0-B) id AA05438; Tue, 20 Feb 90 11:31:27 -0500 Message-Id: <9002201631.AA05438@crash.cs.umass.edu> Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 11:33 EST From: Penni Subject: weather report To: zvona@ai.ai.mit.edu X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN *** EOOH *** Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 11:33 EST From: Penni To: zvona at ai.ai.mit.edu Re: weather report X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN Naturally, Snow, rain, etc., is expected in Boston on Friday. It looks as though I will be seeing Kee between the RaLeu~x?@dcliffe feed and coming to get you. Now *that* will be weird.  1,, Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 18:23:11 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU Message-ID: <702060.900217.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> *** EOOH *** Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 18:23:11 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU at MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU dreyfus@cogsci.berkeley.edu  1,, Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 18:07:30 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU Message-ID: <702056.9003 x@5 ",HX@]ZHH RaHy]7Kp+]T2BK`Hy]-j5 h`H= " `H! `H=,H}1+H m,HR+ +H+H kN{6@u6`t1+H`] l0b`H;,1M1+H,H$1@?,^,^l,^k,^m,~q]]y]7]ad!,>  ] 6Xhqp(K,3],j,d],j,^6Di7D+H;,>  ]l,j,^[,> L,^7D+H;,> ],j,^`Hi,]sD]|N]}@,~,> Rөx@@,3,^,>  ]~,j,^q]5,VUA ,x`] "  Z,%-j "c-jV]`X"B^H^YH  ,~,>@ (,`HF^N^:^,~,>3BK`^ ,^d p^p^ `H:~,^,~ ^ 0^1+HnYH+a+`@_B-`YZZ@@_B-`YZZ@^@_B-`YZZ^@_B-`YZ^@^H,~:x,~@[*v5xA_B-`YZ^^,>x]-j5^!UU'+^({UW{ "  ^O ^*,j ^W,j,^,^,,>  ^3,j 6Xhqp(K } ;Xhqp(K 6Xhqp(K ~ M,.^i,j,^D^5N^6@,^,~,>,>f^77KO@,)>@@ y^o-jj^8`^qFu+I;y[7Kd2D`Icy\`^u^wQ`Icd\C`Ic6@+^=Y`Ic`Iw@?,^,^,~,>,>#xA@ 7@"2s "^}[1H+^@OZ H1Z H4JILf^C+IFi+IFy^+^D&+IF @? ,^,^,~,>  f\C-ja^1+^G " I\R3HK+IX&^Hq^q^+IYq^F^OD^P@? ,^,~Y,>,>J+7 HZ Hz]A+Iib^Q+I`7@+,^Z,> ,3,^b^^+I`Y+I`7@++IqbYu-jyZ[@,>  ^d,j ,3,3,^JL+,^,^,~,>,>#,>d#@@@%7 HZ Hz]A`J/d x^`Jy^1+I{x^f`NxB-jad0d+I{d^h+J$\W+I{yV-jb1+I{d[B+J b1+I{V} ,RV+ +I{ N{|^7Vpdt K3PK@$Y`^t%+I{,%#%,$x+^r,L + Ѐ# o.B+I{,%# 3,J#,K,^#,^,^,~,>,>,>od^s+^uJ+^`F,^}`F,_`F,_aF`J[7@+_ ,> _,j,^`F1b`JkbYu-jyZ[@,> _!,j ,3,3,^7@++J7JL+,J<,^o,^,^,~,> H J?-j,^ϥxB@,~W0D1-`J0D`d_` Wl `,>,> )@@ DxX"Y'7HZ Hz'`Jx_#1`J7@+,_:y_)g`_/)_3X)_9 ,LnfXb7Vp,> ,3 [%,j,^1"J_A)`J),_%  ,^,^,~ "+, + _O ,~,>,>z[1-jd ,B1`JD_,B_-  +B_.$_/XEHB_0 BH,> _2,j ,>j,>i,>@@i ,A_+ ,^,^i,^j ,^"P,]xC,^,~,> FOO@n7HZHf[ +Kb[!1+Kb[$`3BK@3Bn+K BndZC-j,K+K``@6@`K#,TT ,^,~,>,> d$57@,Tg q_e,>_i,j ,3 _5,jZHKC`KIZ HKI P`KA_k+K(p_mp_o BHKW $K,,3Nl @ ,^,^,~i<,>,> d @7@,Tg ZH1Z HK d2B+K2ZHK,Km`_y,> _C,jd Z0B`_S+_K``@+KFkhj~hxC@N{$Y+KF,$x`K"YI1B+KF?-jdl @,Kr`K++KMK`` ,T5BKQ`K$_TN_U l @`KSZH l @ d ZH`KZH4FKTa`@3+K<`KdZD`K`KHT,> _X,j `Ky_1`KA q_XEHl @@h`K,> 4_,jZHl @+K<KW1@`` ,T``@T $K,,3N,%# ,^,^d @,~,>!"{t`KXK:^,~,> bZC-j,>_,j,3,L 1@?7@o1+K~ "d`@+_`,JL+ d! %xD it. We have conjectured, though, that most of its onerous aspects derive from the specific character of the domain, with its heavy requirement for rapid and artfully organized scanning of the game board. This is a red herring. Drop it. Why is it a red herring? \item Although Pengi does not make or use plans, the point is not a rejection of every possible concept of plans. In [Agre and Chapman in press] we sketch an alternative theory of plans that ascribes much different properties to them and gives them a much smaller role than in the classical planning view. Drop the intensive ``much''. Goo_#xD@d. \nextentry [Chapman in preparation] David Chapman, forthcoming MIT PhD Thesis. {\em Instruction Use in Situated Activity.} MIT AI TR 1204, February 1990. No shit.  1,, Date: Mon, 22 Jan 90 15:54:30 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU Message-ID: <692035.900122.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> *** EOOH *** Date: Mon, 22 Jan 90 15:54:30 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU at MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU BOWL  1,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 19 Jan/opC+xE 90 22:06:30 EST Received: from AI.MIT.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via INTERNET with SMTP id 5895; 19 Jan 90 22:05:53 EST Received: from gargoyle.uchicago.edu by life.ai.mit.edu (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA13395; Fri, 19 Jan 90 22:05:25 EST Received: by gargoyle.uchicago.edu (5.59/1.14) id AA10114; Fri, 19 Jan 90 21:05:17 199 Date: Fri, 19 Jan 90 21:05:17 199 From: "Phil Agre" Message-Id: <9001200305.AA10114@gargoyle.uchicago.edu> To: zvona@ai.mit.edu Subject: science *** EOOH *** Date: Fri, 19 Jan 90 21:05:17 199 From: Phil Agre To: zvona at ai.mit.edu Re: sciencV5{xE@e Date: Fri, 19 Jan 90 21:09 EST From: David Chapman I want to say this: I believe that the concrete-situated approach is an explanatory framework for all forms of human activity, and not, for instance, applicable only to sensory-motor coordination tasks. This is suggested by sociological studies of science, for instance, which suggest that heavily representational, abstract problem solving is also best accounted for in a framework similar to that presented in chapter \ref{activity} of this thesis. Well first of all this passage is grossly compressed and requires the reade6/V5gxFr to make a remarkable number of connections that I only made with a moment's thought. 1. When the word "science" appears, one becomes confused as to what relevance it can possibly have to what you've just said. 2. "Sociological" is almost universally understood to name a subject matter that has no overlap with that of psychology or AI. 3. The phrase "heavily representational, abstract problem solving" sounds at first like a wrong theory of a phenomenon, or at least a type of theory that you would be expected to oppose yourself to, rather than a phenomenon for which you would like to compare various apKxF@proaches. 4. That "science" is "heavily representational, abstract problem solving" is not an obvious connection right away. I mean, one can see what you mean by this, but the connection somehow doesn't come instantly. And when the connection does come, one wonders if it is really true or if you just mean to refer to stereotypes. 5. That "heavily representational, abstract problem solving" is there because it is the kind of activity that one would imagine your framework to have the hardest time explaining may not be obvious as well. 6. That you are comparing the explanatory approaches of the socio1XxGlogy of science to your own explanatory approaches is kind of hard to retrieve from the syntax. 7. It is unclear what relationship you intend between "the concrete-situated approach" and "that [framework] presented in chapter \ref{activity} of this thesis." I go to all this effort in order to encourage you to take about three pages to develop the presuppositions and connections behind the paragraph you quoted. State and briefly develop the theme of "representational" and "abstract" and "problem solving" being both the paradigm cases in the old view and the hard cases in your view. State and briefly develoqzhxG@p the necessity of taking another look at the phenomena in question and the form that a respecification of them might take. E.g., emphasis on the drudgery and routine of science (Lynch "Art and Artifact in Laboratory Science", though the book says much more as well), on the use of cognitive artifacts (Star on boundary objects -- for cognitive artifacts in general use Hutchins on navigation and Norman's POET book), on the consequences of these cognitive artifacts on both very small and very large scales of organization of the activity (Latour on representational artifacts as immutable mobiles), on the social nature of scientyxHnd planning (i.e. everything after syntax and semantics) sections of James Allen's NL text. You might skim at least the section on Discourse Analysis in my thesis (reprinted among other places in Walker (ed) Understanding SPoken Language book. B.  1,, Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 31 Jan 90 12:52:57 EST Received: from harvard.harvard.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa06364; 31 Jan 90 12:45 EST Received: by harvard.harvard.edu (5.54/a0.25) (for ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@Mintaka.lcs.mit.edu) id AA25961; Wed, 31 Jan 90 12:47:45 EST Received: by pandora.HARVARD.EDU; Wed, 31 Jan 90 12:46ݛKxH@:56 EST Date: Wed, 31 Jan 90 12:46:56 EST From: grosz@harvard.harvard.edu To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.lcs.mit.edu In-Reply-To: David Chapman's message of Mon, 29 Jan 90 20:51:21 EST <694613.900129.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> Message-ID: <9001311245.aa06364@mintaka.lcs.mit.edu> *** EOOH *** Date: Wed, 31 Jan 90 12:46:56 EST From: grosz at harvard.harvard.edu To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU at MINTAKA.lcs.mit.edu R.L.Gregory. Book I know is `Eye and Brain', but that's from the 60's. You should check with a visionary about this I guess. Can't remember the context, but it seemed relevant.  1, answered,, Received: from lcs.m;<~xIit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 30 Jan 90 19:29:15 EST Received: from Xerox.COM by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa01227; 30 Jan 90 19:22 EST Received: from Semillon.ms by ArpaGateway.ms ; 30 JAN 90 11:10:30 PST Date: Tue, 30 Jan 90 10:57 PST From: Shrager.pa@xerox.com Subject: Re: stuff To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.lcs.mit.edu, Shrager.pa@xerox.com In-Reply-To: <694835.900130.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> Message-ID: <19900130185736.2.SHRAGER@ZONKER.parc.xerox.com> Line-fold: no *** EOOH *** Date: Tue, 30 Jan 90 10:57 PST From: Shrager.pa at xerox.com To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU at MINTAKA.lcs.mit.edu, Shrager.pa at xerox.co[q xI@m Re: stuff Line-fold: no ... it's just a pointer for your skill acq. section to at least one (perhaps the only, although Bob has extended the model with hacker since I left) computational learning model whose performance is actually based upon (a) an learing agent having activity (counting on its fingers -- this isn't much activity, but the number of fingers you "have up" is actually used (via fake vision) for feedback to prime the recall system), and (b) which takes into account the cultural stream. ...  1, answered,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 29 Jan 90 22:56:24 EST Recei>`f%xJved: from AI.MIT.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via INTERNET with SMTP id 8315; 29 Jan 90 22:55:01 EST Received: from gargoyle.uchicago.edu by life.ai.mit.edu (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA22544; Mon, 29 Jan 90 22:54:16 EST Received: by gargoyle.uchicago.edu (5.59/1.14) id AA13624; Mon, 29 Jan 90 21:54:08 199 Date: Mon, 29 Jan 90 21:54:08 199 From: "Phil Agre" Message-Id: <9001300354.AA13624@gargoyle.uchicago.edu> To: zvona@ai.mit.edu Subject: aaai *** EOOH *** Date: Mon, 29 Jan 90 21:54:08 199 From: Phil Agre To: zvona at ai.mit.edu Re: aaai Date: Mon, 29 Jan 90:xJ@ 22:28:02 EST From: David Chapman Deictic representation is an interactional notion in that a deictic entity is not a model in an agent's head but rather a sustained pattern of interaction with something in the world. You know, we are systematically unclear about this, shifting between at least four ways of talking about deictic representations: we sometimes talk of entities as things-in-the-world (the-cup-etc is a real physical cup), sometimes as things-in-the-theorist's-description, sometimes as patterns of interaction, and sometimes as properties ofI: UxK an agent. (I've just be revising that bit of my thesis, so I've been noticing this.) We really ought to settle on one of them. Or, since all four notions are useful, we ought to scrap this vocabulary and find new ways of talking that allow us to talk about all four. Let's see. I definitely don't want to say that the-cup-etc is a real physical cup. The bit about the theorist's description is not an exclusive option; it is compatible with any of the others. An entity is a property of an agent in the sense that the agent can engage in that form of interaction when located in a suitable environment. IfiEM8KxK@ there is an ambiguity around the word entity, it is a very narrow one, between (1) the pattern of interaction and (2) the indexically & functionally constituted "thing" which is constant across the various instances of this pattern of interaction. If it is used to refer to an actual concrete object, then that is perhaps a metonymy, but one shouldn't do that because it is confusing; use "the thing assigned to the entity on a given moment" [see the official vocabulary in C3b of my thesis]. The process of wiring up central systems for agents such as Pengi is rather involved and we do not mean to pretend that we understand%6)xL`C2`SGC$I "U"P[[)n}P]SLeMmyl]roS@7p#SLe1yۘgSI^aS@7+ys2wpSg3z/SLe|:ppWy{SLegSg5QGp;S@7-yRnSg,{S@8:SgAwvS@7CxSg;v~ Sg$SgdA Sg*-Sg? 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TH[`^f,} Rlx=W743-V^6(P3WPUn9.́UV@qtW:JGWH(YUr  V^6<zbS;>W7)8ͭVznԕUVA]GS6jw GUmR5Urk G 5UB/.UYi:yS:^XUV@zV|`SEUVAHTQ vd$|VzrT mcU.0}e0w1R5=1V|D UBI8UXG) UfV8? &q UNeSQT9^9VD TWMRDTTgr@'?0T)8= RaiolT F;TpTUttkzSx/XxmQS>T CGsW:YXT PzDEUSxSM  oCTQT$U/ Ur'_ RL (@ Q Ri U2C}+U~6VV`M UZqd QY0  R'@T+y U2CzUr $ U2C{_ RuP U2D_RaizD([PoU ex4 RK&.TUunR]1'KUrgKS3@VzuS` }@TC>uxS2>8YT*EUSl V]0aoKVzvWK@0BW:*JS )(|T=?G:TPn's(IJ4%Vd#!l#x *΁TY5#DVcu`VdCpVl+dY+V]h@|] (gZxg-V]6]DUn5xc^} Vnt/G/g[@fW 1@ jR3G8FDTZ%5VxA@5g`[5J`[zr 7fw@z98UOR584V_8s8V^S;8U] fH%QQUa0=5vDEK?SM X z SD@7 ^\LX W: UHDK!_h&V_8uKOUo"("-x(T)7l*"|*Rak,#J,5Q[Y9G T[$(.V`d8.$f80%4H2R5 ^4ѻ4%!8i-Zk5tȱkxP6%Qm!7c?JzoWKA28V8.rgqe2c9UVA_9k7.sJ|-`:/u~|83;~|8-w8[<8uy~sl=~sm{򿹙>򿹙}򿼶?2DVzx@TPrP@MBD@S>{P@V%JL@WK@ @UBF @II}3t0xHAZ +2C$ZB i`}CS_tJLDV^.+lFVf. LVd NV_7DVaSa RVe0SV^_P[Vb8qVb 0VdtZV_y$_T)U@`Vb9[ VhPVdnlVdnx@gV_C iw|i/ρV_C,@V_C2`VaAVhf`pߎIpV]KUV@z/vV]KezUVA+{Vc $VfjfVf_ zW3 WK@0<TWI1lVfC^Vfl VbY@ Vf`,@Vh;d Vh>Vh 8!VhD-V^6P/V]47(1Vc9V^L@?Vh?X"Vfgo&V^hMhMV_Rp(zS*VeW׍I[V]I ]Vfh3VhS:V]n.wV^L{ViV}V^cFVh|V^NVa@Va}l`Va}f@Va}y Va}sNV]40LV]3n@UV]3t`WV_iD[S!Qz#| GlUW4UW4UJ@ ~6/D /}  jacqb<!ui.  1,, Received: from MC.LCS.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 3131) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 8 Feb 90 14:37:57 EST Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by MC.LCS.MIT.EDU; 8 Feb 90 14:30:21 EST Received: from life.ai.mit.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa05623; 8 Feb 90 14:26 EST Received: from fruit-and-fibre (fruit-and-fibre.ai.mit.edu) by life.ai.mit.edu (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA07576; Thu, 8 Feb 90 14:26:48 EST From: "Liz A. Highleyman" Received: by fruit-and-fibre (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA01605; Thu, 8 Feb 90 14:26:39 EST Date: Thu, 8 Feb 90 14:26:39 EST Message-Id: <9002081926.AA01605@fruit-and-fibre> To: sacc@zermatt``DmvЁ.lcs.mit.edu, sexual-politics@mc.lcs.mit.edu, thstaff@athena.mit.edu Subject: Black Rose lectures *** EOOH *** Date: Thu, 8 Feb 90 14:26:39 EST From: Liz A. Highleyman To: sacc at zermatt.lcs.mit.edu, sexual-politics at mc.lcs.mit.edu, thstaff at athena.mit.edu Re: Black Rose lectures BLACK ROSE LECTURES Spring 1990 Fridays*, 8:00 PM; MIT Room 9-150* 105 Mass. Ave, Cambridge (*Unless otherwise in lecture description) Free. All Welcome. For info call 524-0781 March 2: ``Prospects for Research Conversion in the 1990s'' J10D Vera Kistiakowsky New trends in the global political situation are leading to reductions in military expenditures. How can we best utilize the ``peace dividend''? How will reduced military funding affect university research? How can we insure that research is done for the public benefit? Vera Kistiakowsky is Professor of Physics at MIT, and is the author of several articles on the effects of military funding on university research. This lecture will be a benefit for Science for the People. March 16: ``Facing the Realities of the Prison System'' Stanley Jones Ralph Pagan 1990 mvyсarks the 200th anniversary of the penitentiary -- 200 years of repeated failures: escalating prison populations, prison brutality, and shocking disparities effecting the poor, disadvantaged, and people of color. The speakers will relate how the criminal ``justice'' system really functions, and suggest humane and truly just alternatives. Stanley Jones, a former prisoner and an activist for prison reform, is the director of Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, a substance abuse counseling program for men in Massachusetts prisons. Ralph Pagan is a co-worker with Jones. March 23: ``Perspectives on Tiananmen'' (TO^Q Yang Yi The Chinese government's violent suppression of the pro-democracy movement shocked the world. This talk is a first-hand account of the June 1989 events in Tiananmen Square. Yang Yi is a reporter and a member of the Chinese student movement. He is currently a graduate student at Boston University. April 6: ``Anarchism and Animal Rights'' Cynthia Newberry An exploration of the connections between anarchism and animal rights. The anarchist position against hierarchy and domination may not be complete without assuring the rights of non-human species, while the achievement of animal r#"4ҁights may not be possible within a capitalistic and hierarchical political system. Cynthia Newberry is an animal rights activist involved with several groups such as PETA and CEASE. She is a graduate student at Boston University and a member of the Black Rose Collective. ** NOTE: This lecture will be held in MIT Room 34-101 ** April 20: ``Land \& Liberty: The Green Political Economics of Henry George'' Mitch Chanelis and Susan Witt Henry George argued a century ago that people should have an equal right to the riches of the earth and that the only just tax is a tax on the use of land. This tas./jlk will focus on how George's economics relate to contemporary ecologically-minded political visions. Mitch Chanelis is president of Fairness in Taxation and a member of the Eastern Massachusetts Greens. Susan Witt is the founder of the Community Land Trust (Berkshires) and the director of Self-Help for A Regional Economy (SHARE). April 27: ``Anarcho-Feminism: A Spectre Haunting Deconstructionism'' Frieda Gardner Left-leaning deconstructionists could use the politics of anarcho-feminism, while anarcho-feminists could use the analyses of decon- struction -- but there are ghastly and ghostly probleDr Ӂms. Frieda Gardner, anarcho-feminist, teaches English at Tufts, writes poetry, and attends meetings and demonstrations. May 3: ``Breaking the Law to Save Lives'' John Parker The growing magnitude of the AIDS crisis, coupled with the government's criminal negligence in dealing with it, is causing people to take matters into their own hands. In some cases, this includes the use of means outside the limits of state approval, such as the distribution of clean needles to reduce the spread of HIV among IV drug users. John Parker is a member of the National AIDS Brigade. 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Lucy on W to gravel.  1,, Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 17 Feb 90 16:50:37 EST Received: from reagan.ai.mit.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa05493; 17 Feb 90 16:49X~w5x`) EST Received: from LENNON.AI.MIT.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via CHAOS with CHAOS-MAIL id 13649; Sat 17-Feb-90 16:49:59 EST Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 16:49 EST From: "Barbara K. Moore" Subject: checkup To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@lcs.mit.edu In-Reply-To: <701376.900215.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> Message-ID: <19900217214948.1.BARB@LENNON.AI.MIT.EDU> *** EOOH *** Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 16:49 EST From: Barbara K. Moore To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU at lcs.mit.edu Re: checkup I asked about where you were because someone had just been asking me and I felt out of touch not even knowing if >T@ix`iyou were done or not! I kind of wish *I* were out in CA! I am going to be out there late March, though; I'll just have to wait until then! I'm doing pretty well. My latest kick is biology; I'm taking 7.011, the first biology lab (mutating bacteria at the moment). I want to do a thesis that involves molecular biology. b  1,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 17 Feb 90 16:34:20 EST Received: from AI.MIT.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via INTERNET with SMTP id 13643; 17 Feb 90 16:33:56 EST Received: from vms.cis.pitt.edu (vm2.cis.pitt.edu) by life.ai.mit.edu (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA18752; Sat, 1,kxa)7 Feb 90 16:33:17 EST Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 16:19 EST From: EFP@vms.cis.pitt.edu Subject: compliments on your compliments on Winograd... To: zvona@ai.mit.edu, gravel@ai.mit.edu Message-Id: X-Envelope-To: gravel@ai.mit.EDU, zvona@ai.mit.EDU X-Vms-To: IN%"zvona@ai.mit.edu" X-Vms-Cc: IN%"gravel@ai.mit.edu" *** EOOH *** Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 16:19 EST From: EFP at vms.cis.pitt.edu To: zvona at ai.mit.edu, gravel at ai.mit.edu Re: compliments on your compliments on Winograd... X-Envelope-To: gravel@ai.mit.EDU, zvona@ai.mit.EDU X-Vms-To: IN%"zvona@ai.mit.edu" X-Vms-Cc: IN%"gravel@aR|"xaii.mit.edu" Seems to me what you said was mostly right and very well put (as usual). I have a question for you though. Why is it that you think speech act theory is just wrong? Here's my view on the matter. I agree that there are a lot of things wrong with speech act theory. One of the most wrong things being the lamentable preservation of the traditional propensity to analyze individual sentences or short utterances out of context, and ignore the larger and more interesting organizational structures of verbal behavior. Conversation analysis in particular rectifies this problem. On the other hand, speech act thRE+xb)eory has a number of things right about it in comparison to the traditional ways of philosophizing about language. One is that it is clear about the fact that the transfer of information is only one function language serves and perhaps not a very important one at that. Instead speech act theory concentrates on how language functions to get things done. Another thing it is right about, as a corollary to this, is that truth is not the only evaluative measure of linguistic productions, and perhaps not a very important one either. Instead there is a recognition and analysis of ther ways in which linguistic productions cxbian be appropriate or innappropriate. It seems to me that both of these things find echoes in Heidegger: the first in H's analysis of signs as ready-to-hand, and the second in his analysis of assertion as a derivative mode of interpretation. Oh, and one more question. Does anybody actually DO speech act theory anymore? I'm under the impression that it's sort of passe, at least in philosophy of language circles. efp  1,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 17 Feb 90 16:44:43 EST Received: from GARGOYLE.UCHICAGO.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via INTERNET with SMTP id 13646; 17 Feb 90 16:44:r/'Lxc)14 EST Received: by gargoyle.uchicago.edu (5.59/1.14) id AA23621; Sat, 17 Feb 90 15:43:39 199 Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 15:43:39 199 From: "Phil Agre" Message-Id: <9002172143.AA23621@gargoyle.uchicago.edu> To: gravel@reagan.ai.mit.edu Subject: speech act theory *** EOOH *** Date: Sat, 17 Feb 90 15:43:39 199 From: Phil Agre To: gravel at reagan.ai.mit.edu Re: speech act theory Speech act theory is better than some really dumb things, but that only makes it regular dumb. So many preferably options are available, though, that its cult following really requos\8xciires some explanation. Its appeal to the logic-minded is clear, since it rescues their central beliefs from their patent absurdity in a painless way. Its appeal to everyone else, though, is nearly beyond me. 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AqDo2a+ ,^ D82a+ *  (P 6 ! *,2\`>c,~A,>:Q(A`@ 0B0;+2H0B0 +2H0B 0`21B`2`2 4B2A`.*+254B2AB(2xj@,3N9 255j2HX$2/@?,^,~5j2H9 2H4J24Q*1BQ*0;Q*2 F.D;`j@?*E"(J+24@@H@ (3<27@H>H"H,~,> 3y2,^X&4H2Z2@? ,^,~,> HH9Q&A` (3?2 x2HH`2>H@,^7 H,~/H:x,~ DHH!* ,2m!* ,2m!* x,2m H,~d(,>H3U H222 O+2p,3-,3,,2z=2p,^aj3HH+3; (> H+3;7 R,~.D;`2 (3<@fH,3+2T,> 3y,3`2,>bT2xk HH9Q&A` (3?,3`2@@HH5(3 5"3 R8.D;`3 3u3U3u?`,3-.D;5H3 `3u,>@@ ,2\1:,^,~`3,>3;`3%U**B*x31@?*x D,^,~!*3U3C 5*3"qA:x,~,~ 0J"1J21,~ S2s1,~ K2k:x,~R,~.D;`3U,>„3o 2 ( 1H 0H 27BH+37!*3U0H ,3,3o  H,^,~,3?5&3> H.D;,~,>< xk@3 EE0B013> H."> H(H5H3A (`j (`j ;> H,^,~<$3G> H`3,~7 E# ;x ? &P+6,+>,2EG, S`3u+ >a@`3`E$d,2EQ,2&`E*+ >a@+3``E,O@`E.+ `E0+3``E2+ E4 403c E4+3`!0GyxI0yxEih` 3+=b,2d @0 Ayl"d@l", S`3u+ >@@@@93l @Em E@ XZ,~@g?[@Aq`E7d D7,2& E:*"?,~d a`@`4,4 0/^0@kxliring, it also strikes me as arrogant and dangerous in Flores's version. I'm appending these comments to this message. I'm in Palo Alto now doing job interviews. I'd be glad to talk to you sometime next week if you'd like. My email isn't working properly now; I would be best reached via Ramin Zabih, with whom I'm staying. -- David I. On section 2. You define AI as trying to duplicate higher mental abilities in a human-like fashion. Brooks explicitly denies that he is doing this. Either you should change the definition or move Brooks out of the section or retitle it or something. Preston should probably *6=xl@be cited in the list of phenomenological perspectives on AI in the first paragraph. You say that Brooks's ``not German philosophy'' quote displays a ``deep misinterpretation of cognition''. This doesn't make sense to me. I agree that AI has deeply misunderstood cognition and that the quote displays a deep misunderstanding, but it seems to me a different misunderstanding, of the relationship between AI and the history of philosophy. Brooks tells me that he actually has read a fair chunk of B+T, when he took your course on it ten years ago. Your cite for Phil's and my work is Phil's thesis. You explicitly mention txmhat I was involved with it, but I'd be happier if you'd also cite one or more of our joint papers. The canonical cite for Pengi is Philip E.\ Agre and David Chapman, ``Pengi: An Implementation of a Theory of Activity,'' in AAAI-87. Also relevant is a theoretical paper, Philip E.\ Agre and David Chapman, ``What are Plans For?'', to appear in Pattie Maes, ed., {\em New Architectures for Autonomous Agents: Task-level Decomposition and Emergent Functionality.} MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990; also to appear in {\em Robotics and Automation} special issue on New Architectures for Autonomous Agents; also printed as MITxm@ AI Memo 1050a, October 1989. Let me know if you'd like a copy of this. You describe Pengi as ``Agre's program''. I did virtually all the implementation and most of the design of it. Most of the ideas it illustrates are Phil's, though I had a part in their development also. You attribute to us a ``search for explanations of human behavior in terms of mental mechanisms.'' We explicitly deny this. (This is my most important point in this section.) We explain frequently and in detail that human activity is NOT a product of mental mechanisms, but arises from the interaction of whole agents with environments. This is,Yf To: GRAVEL@REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU Message-ID: <688491.900113.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> *** EOOH *** Date: Sat, 13 Jan 90 16:26:10 EST From: David Chapman To: GRAVEL at REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU The Applied Heidegger conference is going to turn into a book. Winograd is currently revising his paper for it; it's about applications of HeQr}xr@idegger to computer systems design, and talks about Brooks, Agre, and Chapman some. I got the latex source from him and he seems to be happy to have it distributed (but not quoted or cited). My copy is in wh:/home/wh/zvona/winograd.tex. (I haven't read it carefully enough to have an opinion about it yet.)  1, answered,, Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 10 Jan 90 12:21:40 EST Received: from MITVMA.MIT.EDU by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa01707; 10 Jan 90 12:06 EST Received: from MITVMA.MIT.EDU by mitvma.mit.edu (IBM VM SMTP R1.2.1MX) with BSMTP id 9039; Wed, 10 Jan 90 11:42:47 EST Receiv(V)p=xsed: from ccm.UManitoba.CA by MITVMA.MIT.EDU (Mailer R2.05) with BSMTP id 2826; Wed, 10 Jan 90 11:42:14 EST Date: Wed, 10 Jan 90 10:22 CST From: John Anderson To: David Chapman Subject: Penguins Can Make Cake Message-ID: <9001101206.aa01707@mintaka.lcs.mit.edu> *** EOOH *** Date: Wed, 10 Jan 90 10:22 CST From: John Anderson To: David Chapman Re: Penguins Can Make Cake David (if I may be so bold), Just finished reading your article in the current AI Magazine. Enjoyeda&-xs@ it greatly, and thought there were some very valid points. You are indeed correct, the relationship between plans and activity is much more interesting than was previously understood, and seems to get more interesting with every publication. However, I'd like to haggle one point with you if you have a few moments. After making the point that PENGI-like systems can solve problems such as Ginsberg's Fruitcake problem, you mention that many researchers have proposed hybrid classical/reactive systems, and you mention that this seems to combine the worst features of both approaches. I agree that classical planning is expem&y>xmtAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA/AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA(AAA)(AAAA?Au@<% To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU Message-ID: <702989.900220.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> *** EOOH *** Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 21:41:15 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU at MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU Beth+Phil  1, answered,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 20 Feb 90 22:15:37 EST Receil<xved: from AI.MIT.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via INTERNET with SMTP id 14305; 20 Feb 90 22:14:59 EST Received: from gargoyle.uchicago.edu by life.ai.mit.edu (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA25868; Tue, 20 Feb 90 22:14:16 EST Received: by gargoyle.uchicago.edu (5.59/1.14) id AA08356; Tue, 20 Feb 90 21:14:07 199 Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 21:14:07 199 From: "Phil Agre" Message-Id: <9002210314.AA08356@gargoyle.uchicago.edu> To: zvona@ai.mit.edu Subject: Rosaldo Cc: gravel@reagan.ai.mit.edu *** EOOH *** Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 21:14:07 199 From: Phil Agre To: zvona at ai.mit.edu cc: ܗu gravel at reagan.ai.mit.edu Re: Rosaldo Michelle Rosaldo, The things we do with words: Ilongot speech acts and speech act theory in philosophy, {\em Language in Society} {\bf 11}, 1982, pages 203-237.  1,, Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 20 Feb 90 22:21:28 EST Received: from crash.cs.umass.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa12440; 20 Feb 90 22:17 EST Received: from vax9.cs.umass.edu by crash.cs.umass.edu (5.61/Ultrix2.0-B) id AA06716; Tue, 20 Feb 90 22:17:31 -0500 Message-Id: <9002210317.AA06716@crash.cs.umass.edu> Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 22:19 EST From: Penni Subject: the section To: zvona@ai.ai.mit.edu X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN *** EOOH *** Date: Tue, 20 Feb 90 22:19 EST From: Penni To: zvona at ai.ai.mit.edu Re: the section X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN \section*{Example of Description Organization} In this section, I will describe the organization of a fragment of a description in my corpus. The system is not yet fully implemented to handle all the details of this example, but it is sufficiently complex to show the operation of the architecture in selecting appropriate strategies and metastrategies; though the strategies used are simple, comp Kulex choices, varying with context, are made. Below are the text and a sketch of the area being described. In this fragment, the speaker is describing the bedroom he shares with his wife Carol. \begin{verbatim} and then there's the bedroom [1] and there's a huge kingsize bed [2] and there's an endtable next to it [3] with a lamp and a clock radio [4] and some stuff of mine like the Boston University cup and...then there's a wall-- [5] and then there's a window behind that [6] and there's a wall, and there's another window and there's some...cedar chests of Carol's [7] that have blankets and sheets in them [8] and...there's her bureau [9] in the middle of two windows on either side [10] with all of her makeup on top of it and clothes and there's...a small thing with all her clothes and there's another great big bookshelf and all her spare books and there's a small end table over on her side um....a small digital clock and more kleenex and....OK \end{verbatim} The following sketch of the bedroom is provided as an aid to the reader in understanding the above description. There is no corresponding representation in the system. \vspace*{2.5in} The global˹u context used by this speaker includes parameters that predispose him to mention rather than ignore furnishings, as well as ``stuff''---small articles than can be found in, on, or near pieces of furniture. The global context also of course includes the completeness criterion which is unsatisfied throughout this stretch of text. The fragment starts when the speaker has just finished describing the kitchen and the next physically proximate thing is the door to the bedroom. When the node to be described is a physical object, the {\bf mention object} strategy is always available; because this object is a door, {\bf mention 9fY,room} is available to talk about the room that the doopproach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving, {\em Artificial Intelligence} {\bf 2}(3), 1971, pages 189-208. \ignore{\nextentry{Fikes, Hart, and Nilsson 1972} %%% ??? Richard E.~Fikes, Peter E.~Hart, and Nils J.~Nilsson, Some new directions in robot problem solving, in Bernard Meltzer and Donald Michie, eds, {\em Machine Intelligence 7}, Wiley, 1972.} \nextentry{Firby 1987} R.~James Firby, An investigation into reactive planning in complex domains, {\em Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, Seattle, 1987, pag3AL Kues 202-206. \nextentry{Fox and Smith 1984} Mark S.~Fox and Stephen Smith, ISIS: A knowledge-based system for factory scheduling, {\em Expert Systems} {\bf 1}(1), 1984, pages 25-49. \nextentry{Garfinkel 1984} Harold Garfinkel, {\em Studies in Ethnomethodology}, Polity Press, 1984. Originally published in 1967. \nextentry{Gasser 1986} Les Gasser, The integration of computing and routine work, {\em ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems} {\bf 4}(3), 1986, pages 205-225. \nextentry{Georgeff and Lansky 1987} Michael P.~Georgeff and Amy L.~Lansky, Reactive reasoning and planning, {\em Proceedings of the Sixth Np;ational Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, Seattle, 1987, pages 677-682. \nextentry{Gibson 1979} James J.~Gibson, {\em The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception}, Houghton Mifflin, 1979. \nextentry{Giddens 1979} Anthony Giddens, {\em Central Problems in Social Theory}, University of California Press, 1979. \ignore{\nextentry{Gould 1986} % not the right reference Stephen Jay Gould, Evolution and the triumph of homology, or Why history matters, {\em American Scientist} {\bf 74}, 1986, pages 60-69.} \nextentry{Hammond 1989} Kristian J.~Hammond, {\em Case-Based Planning: Viewing Planning as a Memory Task}, pMuAcademic Press, 1989. \nextentry{Hanks in press} William F.~Hanks, {\em Referential Practice: Language and Lived Space Among the Maya}, University of Chicago Press, in press. \nextentry{Horswill and Brooks 1988} Ian D.~Horswill and Rodney A.~Brooks, Situated vision in a dynamic world: Chasing objects, {\em Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, St.~Paul, MN, 1988, pages 796-800. \nextentry{Hutchins 1987} Edwin Hutchins, Mediation and automatization, ICS Report 8704, Institute for Cognitive Science, University of California at San Diego, 1987. \nextentry{Hutchins in press} Edwi Gn Hutchins, Learning to navigate, in S.~Chaiklin and J.~Lave, {\em Situated Learning}, in press. \nextentry{Kaelbling 1988} Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Goals as parallel program specifications, {\em Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, St.~Paul, MN, 1988, pages 60-65. \nextentry{Lave 1988} Jean Lave, {\em Cognition in Practice: Mind, Mathematics, and Culture in Everyday Life}, Cambridge University Press, 1988. \nextentry{Leont'ev 1979} A.~N.~Leont'ev, The problem of activity in psychology, in James V.~Wertsch, ed, {\em The Concept of Activity in Soviet Psychology}, Sharpe, 1979. XU45u\nextentry{Marr 1982} David Marr, {\em Vision}, Freeman, 1982. \nextentry{McDermott 1978} Drew V.~McDermott, Planning and acting, {\it Cognitive Science} {\bf 2}(2), 1978, pages 71-109. \nextentry{Miller, Galanter, and Pribram 1960} George A.~Miller, Eugene Galanter, and Karl H.~Pribram, {\em Plans and the Structure of Behavior}, Henry Holt and Company, 1960. \ignore{\nextentry{Newell and Simon 1963} %%% ??? Allen Newell and Herbert A.~Simon, GPS: A program that simulates human thought, in Edward A.~Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman, eds, {\em Computers and Thought}, McGraw-Hill, 1963, pages 279-296.} \nextentry{Nilmsson 1989} Nils J.~Nilsson, Action networks, {\em Proceedings from the Roch\-ester Planning Workshop: From Formal Systems to Practical Systems}, Roch\-ester, New York, 1989. \nextentry{Norman 1988} Donald A.~Norman, {\em The Psychology of Everyday Things}, Basic Books, 1988. \nextentry{Ortner 1984} Sherry B.~Ortner, Theory in anthropology since the sixties, {\em Comparative Studies in Society and History}, {\bf 26}(1), pages 126-166, 1984. \nextentry{Pea 1987} Roy Pea, Socializing the knowledge transfer problem, {\em International Journal of Education Research} {\bf 11}(6), 1987, pages 639-663. \ignore{\nextentrySGQc5u{Rogoff and Lave 1984} Barbara Rogoff and Jean Lave, eds, {\em Everyday Cognition: Its Development in Social Context}, Harvard University Press, 1984.} \nextentry{Rogoff 1989} Barbara Rogoff, {\em Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context}, Oxford University Press, 1989. \nextentry{Rosenschein and Kaelbling 1986} Stanley J.~Rosenschein and Leslie Pack Kaelbling, The synthesis of digital machines with provable epistemic properties, in Joseph Halpern, ed, {\em Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning About Knowledge}, Monterey, CA, 1986. \nextentry{Rumelhart {\it et anl} 1986} David E.~Rumelhart, Paul Smolensky, James L.~ly. If you are going to insinuate that my argument there is mistaken, you must first acknowledge its existence. (*) You state repeatedly that your modifications do not involve making any changes to plans. But, as far as I can tell, the plans have changed in an important way, namely that constant symbols have been replaced by definite descriptions. It would seem implicit in the semantics of your plan language that different instances of the same definite description in a given plan are necessarily coreferential (well, maybe not: see below), a constraint subserved by squa tracking mechanism in the executive. Perhaps what you mean is that the "plan" is the schema itself without the bindings of its variables to definite descriptions. If this is true, then you would seem not to have reconstructed one of the claimed virtues of deictic representation, namely that one need not implement support for variable binding. I am not sure which you intend, but as far as I can tell you can't have it both ways. (*) "Agre and Chapman claim that plans cannot refer to identical objects without creating some completely artificial distinction." Again, I had to hunt down, again without success, the passage 5mcyou might be referring to. The Pengi paper states that traditional systems have used such-and-such technology and that deictic representation is different from this, but I cannot find such claims made against plans in general, or any such claims made in the rhetoric of "cannot". If the reference is supposed to be to my thesis, what I claim there is that objective representation (not plans as such) must create artificial distinctions, but this follows almost (though not quite) by the definition of the term "objective representation", and besides you do not seem to be disputing it. You go on to say that "The implication is I`uthat there is something very wrong with logic-based plan representations and with classical planning." First of all, it is wrong to argue with imputations. Second of all, while I cannot claim to have been the clearest writer since Hemingway, in my thesis I stated my position on this with a great deal more precision than your vague formulation here. Why don't I suggest that you go read it? Third of all, it is wrong to characterize another scholar's views in such flagrantly vague terms, even if that scholar has been vague himself. Do you really feel that "logic-based" plans remain unscathed through your revisions of them?E':F I mean, I know of no logics in which variables can be bound to definite descriptions, much less to definite descriptions with indexical semantics. What would the semantics of such a logic look like? Isn't it the whole point of "logic-based" systems that they have a clear semantics? (*) On page 7 you say "Nothing we had done ... that achievement would be due solely to the changes we were about to make." I don't understand the logic of this. It seems as though the purpose of these "control experiments" was to ensure that the functionality you obtained required ALL of the changes you made, something I find it hard to diiJ7\usagree with. (*) I find it hard to reconstruct the technical scheme you describe on page 7. When you store blocks' locations in memory, how are these blocks represented? One possibility is that they are represented in terms of the plan variable. Another possibility is in terms of the definite description. The latter would, I think, have the drawback that you could not ask the system to stack one blue block labeled "a" on top of another block of the same description, since the system would not be able to distinguish between the two blocks of the same description but different functions. This, by the way, brings out the d;bifference between the definite-descriptions account that you implement and the indexical-functional account that I described, namely that an agent needs to relate to various objects in terms of their functional significance to the agent. Predicates like blueness or "a"-ness operationalize these functional significances for purposes of establishing and maintaining causal relationships with the objects, but they are not constitutive of the objects as deictic entities. A better parallel, then, would be between your schema variables and (names for) deictic entities. The way in which a scheme uses a given variable implicitly e9;uncodes its functional significance, which is sort of the right point. Oh, I see, you address this on page 8. So I take it the locations actually are associated with the definite descriptions, and you introduce formal distinctions within the definite descriptions to keep them straight. This is indeed not as bad as an objective representation, and it is analogous to what I would do, but it is a kludge. What guarantees that the system will come up with DIFFERENT blocks for "the first a" and "the second a" (or "the a" and "the a" on the account where the two identical descriptions are augmented with location information)? 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"( $( %lx ';< Q U W^ [^ ]/ 0ax 2ax 3ZD iZD k Jp 7 qp u~ y{@ ={@ >~ 4 x x H G F R h Q h R- F4 F4 Q  _ i8 IX g D 8 u8 v W Lx }Lx ~P % % u 4( L ap P O ? $  # % )(  1@ 5A0 ;D( *8 E]` % M Qo *, - _ a3 eNt i~x 6 oJ : { }W < 0 C( MP GtH V( J4( #p M- 9P Q3 8( Td 0 و wP Z    a4 E cP   hc,  m` pD D D H H 0 ` >P |LP ~_x|  V  P Ҽ G` 0 !eturn-Path] [In-Reply-To] [Mail-From] [Rcvd-Date] [Received] Babyl Reformation Flushes These Fields* Visibility control for fields. 0 or a string, with format [fieldname1] [fieldname2] ... Fields mentioned in this string, and otherwise unknown will be removed from the visible headerUnknown Field FlusherParsed Message NumberDate:Sender:,MSG:Mail-from:Redistributed-By:,Rcvd-Date:Unknown:Babyl Reformation Control* Non-zero speeds up reformation process. 1 - Do not worry about missing hosts.C4%x< 2 - Do not prettify recipient fields either.Before Babylizing File HookRun after reading but before Babylizing non-Babyl filesBabyl Autolabel Messages* Non-0 causes autolabeling from subject fieldsMessage NumberNumber of Babyl MessagesBabyl Keep TNX Received DateIf nonzero, add Rcvd-Date line to headerRemindNowBabyl Last | LabelBabyl Labels OptionCRL Non-match MethodWindow 1 BufferWindow 1 PointerWindow 2 BufferWindow 2 PointerBabyl Two Window Survey Menu* If non-0, Survey Menu will use two windows.Babyl C Hook0 J0Babyl User Name* (TNX only) A name to use in From field possibly overriding usernameBabyl ..DBabyl Strip Local Host* Non-zero removes local host from reformed headersBabyl Mailer SubforkBabyl Subfork ControlControls handling of QUEUE-XMAIL subfork. Non0 ==> Keep and read RSCAN; 0 ==> Dont keep and no RSCAN Note that a special QUEUE-XMAIL is needed if you set this BABYL LoadedyBabyl No BBOARD ReplyyBabyl No SYSTEM ReplyBabyl No FORUM ReplyyBabyl No 3AI ReplyBabyl No 7AI ReplyeplyBabyl No 8AI ReplHBmx..DRRCompiler Filename AA    A A A' A AA AA A AA () )( 7]Igx< A A A A AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA A ; A> A A< A A AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA (] A )[ A AA A' AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA (} A ){ A Text ..D3Text 90AI-E 1:55pm 21 Feb 90 [Text Fill - *Babyl*] DSK: ZVONA; ZVONA BABYLnsBabyl XMail OptionBabyl XMail Append OptionBabyl MAIL OptionBabyl Version Optionx|Babyl No Original OptionBabyl Owne you are actually manipulating two indices > >Well, indices are things in the world, so you don't exactly manipulate them. Fine: dealing with them, attending to them, finding them, interacting with them.... So I ask again: what is going on with using that piece of advice? And (how) is it compositional?  1,, Date: Wed, 27 Dec 89 21:46:49 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU Message-ID: <683493.891227.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> *** EOOH *** Date: Wed, 27 Dec 89 21:46:49 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU at MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU tail light  1,, Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 23 Dec 89 20:25:41 EST Received: from gargoyle.uchicago.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa06373; 23 Dec 89 20:17 EST Received: by gargoyle.uchicago.edu (5.59/1.14) id AA21755; Sat, 23 Dec 89 19:15:35 198 Date: Sat, 23 Dec 89 19:15:35 198 From: Phil Agre Message-Id: <8912240115.AA21755@gargoyle.uchicago.edu> To: Zvona@ai.ai.mit.edu Subject: right and wrong *** EOOH *** Date: Sat, 23 Dec 89 19:15:35 198 From: Phil AgBb x|re To: Zvona at ai.ai.mit.edu Re: right and wrong Wrong: time pressure arguments given any but periperhal roles. Right: The organization of activity is an emergent phenomenon of interactions between sensible agents and the familiar environments of their activities. In particular, the organization of activity is not and could not be mapped out ahead of time in any strong sense by a plan or other formal structure. Agents interact with the world because, first and most obviously, they continually act. The notion that actions take amounts of time, which amounts are sometimes too large, mx Message)x<-Id: <8912230407.AA09339@gargoyle.uchicago.edu> To: zvona@ai.mit.edu Subject: parse trees Cc: bug-sdl@reagan.ai.mit.edu *** EOOH *** Date: Fri, 22 Dec 89 22:07:46 198 From: Phil Agre To: zvona at ai.mit.edu cc: bug-sdl at reagan.ai.mit.edu Re: parse trees An immediate problem is that it has been conventional for syntactic theory to distinguish between competence issues and performance issues, and "not consing" is a performance issue par excellence. You might have a theory of syntactic competence that is compatible with a performance theory that "doesn't cons", but that would n8Ex|ot be novel. See Marcus's thesis. More generally, see the analysis in Berwick and Weinberg's book, or Berwick's article about how word expert parsing can be viewed as compatible with Chomskyism. Berwick and Weinberg make a point of denouncing psycholinguistic work that assumed that parsing was a matter of constructing and manipulating parse trees. (They accuse such work of subscribing to something called the Type Transparency Hypothesis, which is rather an over-blown way of putting things in a vaguely positive light rather than portraying them as the flat-out confusion they all were.) A further problem is that work innx< Schank's school has not employed parse trees for a long time now. Look at anything recent about memory-based parsing from Chris Riesbeck (the "DMAP" theory). Parsing for Riesbeck et al (the et al includes Charles Martin, new AI faculty at the U of C) is a matter of streams of words entering your head and tickling all various parts of your memory and causing all manner of consequences there, with no novel structure built (much less any structure for reconstructing "deep structure" or "meaning") and no particular localization or modularity of the process set out by the theory at all. The demand that "syntax" be constitut#>'x|ed a priori as a question which variousou don't care. (*) On page 9 you cite the phrase "marker control operations" in quotation marks next to a page citation of my thesis. That phrase, though, appears nowhere in my thesis. You then say that "(according to Agre)" these fall into four groups, whereas I actually distinguished five groups. You are free to establish your own distinctions, but don't attribute them to me. This would hardly be worth noting were it not so sadly indicative of a pattern. (*) Please understand that the phrase "deictic reference" has a specific meaning in linguistics, namely what one does in a _UKxvx|k you mean "definite descriptions". (*) On page 10 you say that "[t]he tracking ... of objects external to the agent ... [is] not new to plan EXECUTION". I wonder what you mean by this. If you mean that Ullman's visual routines scheme has been employed by a plan executive I would like the reference. If you mean that plan executives have maintained world models by some means other than trading constant symbols with simulations, I have cited the only instance of this that I know of, namely the Hilare people, and would appreciate references for other such projects. The Hilare project, of course, did not track individual oQ*x To: chapman@ai.mit.edu, chapman@xerox.com *** EOOH *** Date: Thu, 8 Feb 90 12:02:20 -0800 From: norvig at renoir.berkeley.edu (Peter Norvig) To: chapman at ai.mit.edu, chapman at xerox.com Is the code for TWEAK and DDL available anywhere? I wrote a simple non-linear planner that I would like to compare to TWEAK. Thanks, - Peter+x| Norvig  1,, Received: from lcs.mitfux,q0-q1fu0w .-q0"l q5-1u5' %2w > j 0s, recent, < :s; .u4 0l -4f=  "n l !' q4j -8d q0,.fux,q0-8fu0w > q0:jw qNumber of Babyl Messages-q2f(uNumber of Babyl Messages ),q5f:uMessage Numberw .[0[1[2 0f[vb 0f[vz :s"l r' .u2 0s  0u1 j < .,q2:fb; %1w > q1uMessage Number q0jq0,q1( .:\u0 fsWindow+b:\u1 @fn| 0fsVBw 0fsVZw 0:j"e zj' m(m.m& Babyl Select Message) 0-b"l b'"# 0-z"g z'"# 0''j 1-b"l b'"# 1-z"g z'"# 1''-bfsWindoww | [Message Number )u1u0 :[1 0f[VB 0f[VZ -:s "e j'"# l' :s *** EOOH **>#x<* w .u1 4f~MSG:"e l < 8f~DISTRIB:@:; l > < 8f~EXPIRES:@:; l >' :fb:@f"ew :i*Bad header -- not ITS or NET stylefsErr '+1"e :s +1f"e q1,. '+1"e r q1,.' "# zj'' l <4f~TO: @:; l> <4f~CC: @:; l> q1,.0f[VB 0f[VZ -:s "e j'"# 2l' .( 2:rw :s *** EOOH ***  "l -l' ),.[0[1[2[3[4[5[6[7[8[9 [..j :i*Babyl[Editor Name m(m.m& Babyl Select Message) fsModeMacm.vPre-Babyl Mode Macrow m.m& Babyl Set Mode Linef[ModeMac fs^REnteru0 @:i*| qPre-Babyl Mode Macrof[ModeMacro 0|f[^REnter -1u0 ff"L u1 @ft 1.  0fsEchoActive'w >y[1[2 fsReReadw fiu1 -4110."E ?u1' q1:i2 q1-33"L q1+100.u2 :i2^2' "# q1-127"E :i2'' "E 1,m.m# Babyl 2f"N 'w' q1-8"E :i2' "# q1-9"E :i2' "# q1-10"E :i2' "# q1-13"E :i2' "# q1-27"E :i2' "# q1-32"E :i2'''''' "E :i*2 is not a Babyl command f;Babyl-Command-Abort ' 1,m.m~DOC~ # Babyl 2f"Ew -1"G  ' :i*- is Not a Babyl Command.'u1 -1"e ft2:  f[BBind g1 j:@f k d < :s; b,.-1t b,.k .,(s -d).fx1 0:g1-"e m1' "# 2,m(m.mWhere Is)1"e ft1'' /x|> ft..o  ' "# 2,(f1f"L wfq1'):g1u1 ft2: 1  ' [1[2 .-z"n .( 0u2 <%2wl.-z;> )j ft( q2:= z-./(fsWidth*q2) ft lines)--MORE--' [1[2 0fsVBw -s  l .fsVBw f1 0fsVZw s r z-.fsVZw -2f= "e 2r'"# i  2r' @fn| zj2r .,(-@f -l 0f"n :l').:d j | qBabyl Reformation Flushes These Fields[Unknown Field Flusher 1@:< 1,m(m.m& Parse Header) >"n m(m.m& Add Basic Label)bad-headerw j s *** EOOH ***  .fsVBw ' qBabyl Reformation Merges From/Reply-To"n m(m.m& Babyl Process Sender Fields)' z-.u1 j :l .,(s *** EOOH ***  fkc).k 2l qBabyl No Original K?x < 8f~EXPIRES:@:; l > ' .u1 :fb@:f"ew ff&2"n j -1fsErrThrow' :i*Bad header -- not ITS or NET stylefsErr'+1"e s  r 0x4 :iFrom:4  c 9f=(Sent by "e 9c .,(fb) ).-2x4 :iSender:4 ' .u2 :fb Re: "l @f l xSubject: 5r' "# :l' q2,.x4 :iDate:4  l < 4f~TO: @:; 3c @f l @xTo: l > < 4f~CC: @:; 3c @f l @xcc: l > ' "# q1j :s "e zj'"# @f d 2r' fsZ-.f[VZ q1j < .-z; .,(:fb:"e ff&2"n j -1fsErrThrow' :i*Bad header -- no colon in fieldfsErr' r -@f r).x1 c f~1Sent-by"e :i1Sender' f~1Received-date"e :i1Rcvd-x 0fo..q1:f"nu3 fq3"g 0:g:..q(:fo..q1:+2)-,"e 0,fq3-2:g3u3 :i*3, 2'"# :i*3 2''"# q2'u1:' "#w q5[..o j :s[1]"e .(g1i:g2),.@fxUnknown:' ]..o' > f]VZ 2:cw ' [0[1[2[3 f[BBind @:i*|j @f kzj -@f k|[S gSender: mS hfx2 gReply-to: mS hfx3 gFrom: mS j :s<"n .-1u1 :s>"e ' .-z"n ' -d q1jd q1,zfx1' "# :i1' mS hfx0 g1 mS hfx1 fq1"e g3j @:f,()<>l .-z"e hf~0"n q3u1' :i3'"# hk'' "# f~13"e :i3'' fq1"e f~02"e :i2'' "# f~12"e :i2'' fq1"g :iFrom:0 <1> ' "# fq0"g :iFrom:0 '  Jx|' fq2"e q2uSender:' "# :iSender:2PFCV80.MIT.EDUPFCVAXPFCVAX.MIT.EDUPFCVAX.PFCPFCVAX.PFC.MIT.EDUPGHSUN.PREPNET.COMPH1.SPEECH.CS.CMU.EDUPHAGEPHAGE.LCS.MIT.EDUPHE204.USC.EDUPHEASANTPHEASANT.CS.UTEXAS.EDUPHEASANT.LCS.MIT.EDUPHILASHPYD-POE.ARPAPHILASHPYD-POE.NAVY.MILPHISUBE.CS.UMD.EDUPHLSUN.PREPNET.COMPHOBOS.RICE.EDUPHOEBE.LARC.NASA.GOVPHOEBE.RICE.EDUPHOEBUS.LARC.NASA.GOVPHOENIXPHOENIX.DREA.DND.CAPHOENIX.LCS.MIT.EDUPHOENIX.PRINCETON.EDUPHONEPHONE.MIT.EDUPHOTONPHOTON.LCS.MIT.EDUPHYAST.NHN.UOKNOR.EDUPHYB.UCSF.EDUPHYLLIS.MATH.BINGHAMTON.EDUhZ'[x + `e`e`e+[+S ,,T+S )2(g+BJ,b ,,1,b1J,b0J0+T+BJ7 &- $VB Dh,b,! `),0M`,%N j,%N1!3JV+h,"V JV@,BV``,1,b1J+BJ(2 1J,b`,"A+w,1+w-O@ v)7  '5,B@@T3,!6@T*3`e,B``1 g h+ P$`71+?1+`)#1+@+M`1 h`)+ +LMI'N" @% @@QF `=,"r`3R + *  JB *  JB *  JQ` ,B4([ [,b`!` You are typing at "DDT", the top level command interpreter/debugger of the "ITS" time sharing system. Type control-S to abort output from DDT. DDT commands start with a colon and are usually terminated by a carriage return. Type :? to list them. Type :LOGIN unBz%{ to log in. If you are new on the system, do :INQUIR to tell the system who really is. To list a file directory, type :LISTF . To print a file, type :PRINT . The directory ".INFO." has many files documenting system programs. If a command is not recognized, it is tried as the name of a system program to run. :LUSER runs a program that will request help for you. :INFO runs a documentation perusal program. Type control-Z to return to DDT after running a program (Some return to DDT by themselves when done, printing ":KILL"). For full documentation on DDT,I=% do :PRINT .INFO.;DDT DOC.A` [,7@ @C 5,Az 0`d+ `d@=6 ,! 6`d@,Ec ,! . &}+@@T9`Y+_,!+n W_@SG4p@p`[+@Av@@TC`)/e *k )6,1wm1!QUaAUbXyUc\Ud)UfGJ:<wh7h!$x DX )6X DX+2D)? X <Z;@T r+4v)B1+>  J3J%W+;R3J)C`u,%N+> ꀩ:$}Zf&{`)D  +C1*`,! +@`)E,!,b+_2 1J * (,b," +,%N 6 +)Iv)K,%N  ,%N,B ++%N@)L $^  Q$A@ .*,! 2?+\0J` ,Ba@ ,b B  B `@aBp  O@, 8O@`)O @@T3@@ }@@TF@@kg@@T6@@VC@@c@@TC@@TD@@TEs{@@ei@@T5@@ @@|@@@@U\@@T@@d@@o@@T4@@p';@T<''8&,$P;@Tv)R v&`,b,;@T/&}+n ,+\ q,"VC@@VCQ$A` 4J2+2+1J`-2+1J `#1J`%1J`',! `@@T9` $_ D ,b,BVCq,bO@VC@q`@@T3` Z 7@b ,! +\,"G@ )`.Z+o@,B,"@@V )S,$`1)1DV`O@VQ$Q`.'+7 eq+,&1F`O3 DV,b7 V,b,"E,B Vr3`] V+BJ," @@ ," @@  *@.)V@ **+hPBC{'{8 **V/)V+h7 @`7 -`6@,b6@58JU`+q /`D,b-7`,b+@ 5,b6@@@)X@)[i,1y` (ITS does not know the date, so messages cannot be reviewed right now.) `P,%@)]@)^ )_@)` , _ *, _,a;@Td +n-6@TEԇԇԉ,4&`(? T2,%N7@+@B,b,r1J+N:,b@@ ;@, +r,b,|`@,bS-7  7@1`p`;@ `ԇ,4'6@+ M`7@ ,b, 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@( @G?N8@@@@xPGp}n#m%O>w|-O,UHLAHLXX+I kk```^`XXAUL7@T-` T,`d!1`(HO@T6`:@g&~@ @ @S+p+BJiy:6sQ#p (Mail)<6@_B-`(O%V(ZFROM:Q" CLAIMED-FROM: FROM-JOB: TO:" TEXT;-1 ]? wl_(Mail) MAIL 톛?QLW<7|g_W&:@_B-`(O(i(k@@_B-`  0JA,B`M9MI'N" F\y 0failed) @@V,b .<@@_B-`  FvKx0~(Login?) @++  @@++ @ @ at H)ampm/$ ꀩ1* /$0* /$` ( @%@@g8 JV+[,1 ,b)p--MSGS--: @Q& END MESSAGE [N>0@_B-` %V7);|@_B-` %V)7;@_B-` %V)7@) To see system messages, do ":MSGS" @%]@ S+n @Ue8$-g@_B-`).%V](Z@&$N0Raz7ʝ%H M&dW` T$ %s /jY`$ %ʘ]:9=!].3@0@_B-`);%V]h4x1>M@&"U"P: Wrong DDT version  8%]%e6  -  CAN'T READ SYSTEM'S ERROR MESSAGE?: +N8; /@niSHl @kOh9)N tU? |UyV )T`YUx " e&~'`U> 7i-8i&tw` ? m zrY ]x=c ARG=!ePd| JOB ALREADY EXISTS,T4`6@T4+)d ?`@@T36@T5 *+ mf):f~ M&d\`]I2R}pKpS``[:INPUSH `)n+ H ETLCps,b,! *(,! *,b@S? A HUT@g&~@ @Gէ@eex2, SKv_Hbx1~+ @@T9+!2 Already logged in as ""@Y>=@T+7@`Illegal UNAMENot top level@Y>=@T+7@` +M" `--Mail--e7ACHUNAM Invalid#R7``*`--Massacre and Reset--Rescued @ @iJhv5@G;y:@@@@@G;9:@@:MASSACRE @_B-` &A@@e @@@=s,--Init--`@_B-` %V7;@_B-` %V);@@_B-`o&AT@\QLZYou have aYx2>t least one dead detached tree. M9M9You have one or more attachable trees `*D+BJ--Attach Your Detached Tree--You have several attachable detached trees. --Attach A Detached Tree--Left Detached Oops! Couldn't attach it?' *V_6@%]%%V7*Z;@ 7@*Z+ `?`?ADelete this mail? (Y or N) AMail Saved. `*f`?@%]@ ADeleted. No Maile6E, z,b+"%gtL`R-\@_B-`*pG>m[w@_B-`*p@*uNo Sends(Getting SENDS for ,!+"@7HX.x2~+"U @CS$tn@%]%%VT*p):BYE 1U+Y>=}:@@G` /]X|1U+ --Kill Running Inferiors--@I$t--Despite Pending :Alarm--8A8A$a`a@(@h',a` `,$~,BA4$Z5d#P`@_B-`  &A(A[Already an inferior!!] `+",%B,B`A[No such job!!] ,$O,B` $ /+#k!)aIex  *i,b @+ +0`$S+ `•: Reowned  l 0@kOh9  k--Clobber Existing Job--L84|zLx3>!( H@{`$S@$S+$A$Im&n\6k:KILL ,$O`,%O ,b@_B-` &A  ,b [No Such Job]A+% (protected job) --Kill--@_B-` &A@ -Job gone!+%--Kill Protected Job--,%+%.@I'}wA   OP? :FJOB :UJOB (,@,j4F+e`F{` F~2J@`+  $q`: F\$T!,"! G,"! $ A 3 D@O@@/ $@ /, firstESR Empty sort !B 5recordFTL Filename too longICB Illegal ^] commandIEC Illegal "E" commandIFC Illegal "F" commandIFN Illegal FS flag nameIQN Invalid q-register nameILN Invalid local q-register numberISK Invalid sort key - "^P" commandKCB Kill currently selected bufferM^R Attempted to macro a meaningless numberNDO No device open for output - try "EW"NFC No free channels to pop intoNFI No file open for input - try doing "ER"NHP Nonexistent horizontal positionNIB You have addressed a character not in the bufferNIM Not inside a macroNOP S&U<5pecified type of IO channel hasn't been pushedNRA File not random accessN^R Not in ^R - command meaningful only inside ^RPDL Pushdown stack fullPUR Attempted write in pure pageRDO Attempt to modify a read-only bufferQIT ^G typed on TTY and FS NOQUIT$ was negativeQNB Q-register not buffer - attempt to select a string or numberQNN Q-register not numericQNS Q-register not string or bufferQRF Q-regs failed, probably TECO bugQRP Q-register PDL overflow or underflowSFL Search failedSNI Semicolon not in iterationSNR There is no valid search s>haM6tring to repeatSTL String argument too longSTS Dispatch string too shortTMN Too many macro, ^]q-register, ^]^X, or ^]^Y nestingsUBP Unbalanced parentheses found with an FL-type commandUCT Unseen catch tagUEB FL-type command encountered end of buffer.UEC Unexpected end of commandUGT Unseen go-tagUJC Undefined journal file charactersUMC Unmatched ")" or ">" as a commandURK Buffer space or library space exhaustedUTC Unterminated conditionalUTI Unterminated iteration or errset (missing ">"?)UVN Undefined variable or macro nameYWKm6WLO FS OFACCP$ when old access pointer wasn't multiple of 5WNA Wrong number of arguments    A A A' A AA AA A A () )( A A A AA A AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA A ; A> A A< A A AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA (] A )[ A A A' AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA M7AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA (} A ){ A ~m~t DSK: EMACS; [PURE] 162ment~X~Q~J~C NoMM & Yes or NoMM Make Spacerval!* number of characters between auto-saves! fs^rmdlywfs^rmcnt!* Don't let cursor be in this percent of screen! FS%BOTTOMh!* 1 => Searches ignore case! FSBOTHCASEoint!* Center cursor this percentage down the screen! FS%CENTERerse!* 1 => Display mode line in standout mode! FSINVMODng!* 1 => Try real overprinting on the screen! F"'NFS^HPRINW"'NFS^MPRINt!* NuSp9v/7mber of lines in echo area! FFSECHOLINESn!* Leave this percent of screen blank at EOB! FS%ENDa!* 1 => display error messages in echo area! FSECHOERRmn!* Page width for filling and grinding! FSADLINE!* Overwrite Mode status (see M-X Overwrite Mode)! 1FSMODECHWFS^RREPLACEode!* 1 => Display chars 0-37 as SAIL graphics! FFSSAILSystem Output Holding!* 1 => let system handle C-S and C-Q! FSTTYPAGE!* Don't let cursor be in this percent of screen! FS%TOPMode!* 1 => word commands deal @`,"+=Hv@@@|+o(File with Symbols) ADon't w]8rite indirect symbol table pointers to self!A@  {@@>8? (Dump to File)l +>` +>(`--Symbols not loaded. Dump anyway-- (Load Bin File) (Load Core Image) (Load Without Symbols)a`a-2JL!rC,b+J--Reload Running Job--@p--Reload Protected Job--@e @@; w @@< y`@@++ @ Q9@Y> @@`@@T;1L`@++  @:k5x@++ P 9@G?N8@++ @_B-`O1}8u@v,aWPl h}`SN[pp?C OP? %Ҁ3s6{!_,mg `1d,bxSsQ,q* 2@.+@.No Syms , Program ̳, Level Ux@++ 5p3D UDS HR8Q0QC*+C":xqN aPpQNE@ `Pma0F`kA0&O`k+Ec+BJLo.CALL`. ed 1+DK0$P+DK+Dp$B ğ`4|.    ,,:U`,b..DDT+5p SZR$ D`M+F% # -> l d)g5gxCPXEW9@@d+8yFk,B+0 Sec Per Secs"n"%<"N"n&-F"Mu*+&,9B!C&.e ;:-".&&-)Q"n"nA+?Y&M4< :r@XYB@f8Vg~~9@aS@V@WBm A@B@ a]"RT;#9iBeF_3-h"n"N"n&-F"Mu*+&,9% ;k ;;-"/ 3&-)Q"n"n&$v?Y&M<À];"b"a@2"n"_@[P @\ JBm @B Q"o !ų@BG(E5CčCBoB5"lC{ A@õ@OF+BBBeF_3-@^&"N"n"Am"N"n"MAg*AgCe&.eCyBy&&-)Q"n"n@?g&M@ 疮O-!O-[~O-TgO-I: O4@OPO*(O,".0:9w@瑛G#w@'#wU#x@.#xc@5!~Dk瘰/s@:u-G@;=w:@<KJy' 4@= D{#)@>Q}@?"琏e@@ƕ @A@B-: @Cn}@E%疵C@Fq e@G E@W@X,v@Y*oc@_痰c%/-<@/,lO/-m}/0$õ/.Hč/08]/. @E5/-dų/. @Op'@T!jz@T!9/!!?@T1琡@Tߵ3ɋ7 ; @Ts q/]@T9/ԍۋP瘖-x^P1Fh0Ui|yG;/1OP瘻y11;=P'XD36cqP1{56~OP71GP9琏+P!!;琏-P#= ,QPQ?vP 璴A1M0P! E#C GOP" FHE -HG!XP$!_hP&"-xP("|P*#JP,$(P.$f8P0%4HP2-_*P4ki瓖7P5gk}}P6}m/@zP7.d9o.w?P8qwP9痵siOP:[u}P;0}P=瘈E瘎P@0jPA瘮?nPB=PC( }f;p` YP A Z+Oxr+Oz@ P,CE1+Oz*vOr[ ų+DI,EcBl$,"! 0*Paf4JD _3i2< Q( L10LkR&gx )@EaMK. ]""UcB?`Q. AQ8 \XMt n s? `F`2\ )+%82W J{ _IIe@XQ  +h@#z%VUb4g@QH@ ~:K@.<7:q(JrP5L|qͻ&zfo= vn A1=v= t>Sv='WT6=oy?GK{ ?Dn_Y&9? g?32N@g(tFx`1cv3-ht[N8A=K]8{v8"c+Gc-#vC&k"Y, E&Ixq6QE#v %M>xN(`!ũ+-#vMJ,Pi@H`#˝.;vU>0q6hK=8;vW%p" `Om-#vW%pq6SO 6 vY$^q6`W-([vY' Qf`[-3n-3vY' g(tM`0Y-3v[ Y'L`eC223C3v[%q6Z5Ci{fCkv[>$[ q6Б9CB#v[L$`K6 v] d)sA J̵CvҘ" AQE#vd)s`000veLL`[uU9kv[e&02g ?a|5Cvq6M UD %D vg&-Y7q6H `Ws T*vgfnI&@A(YD,"DviY>=@Ed[6K"E#vi[M@E+PWie6Q E#vin `i4mz6vin yq6_@`t-Zyb-[vi&lPq6^1W0cviJN[+`v3EJiJNi@ K0) ((cond (else result +)) (begin result +)) ((cond (test => result)) (let ((temp test)) (if temp (result temp)))) ((cond (test)) test) ((cond (test result +)) (if test (begin result +))) ((cond (test result) clause +) (let ((temp test)) (if temp (result temp) (cond clause +)))) ((cond (test) clause +) (or test (cond clause +))) ((cond (test result +) clause +) (if test s@ (begin result +) (cond clause +))))) (let ((else #f)) (cond (#f 3) (else 4) (#t 5))) --> 5 Rationale: Some members of the extended macro committee don't particularly like the behavior illustrated in the example above, where the syntax rule for ELSE fails to match because ELSE is shadowed. The extended macro committee has concluded that this is a matter of taste, not of hygiene. Members of the macro committee have investigated other alternatives but have found them to be either more complex or less powerful than the semantics described in this ol*A3proposal. (SYNTAX ) syntax Syntax: It is an error if this syntax occurs except as a . Semantics: The is evaluated in a standard macro environment to yield a transformation procedure as described below. This procedure is then closed in the appropriate syntactic environment to yield a syntactic closure, or macro. Ultimately all macros are implemented by transformation procedures that take an expression and two other arguments and return a transformed expression. The first argument is a representation of the expression to be transformed. Ex Apressions are represented in the traditional manner, except that identifiers may be represented by objects other than symbols. Transformation procedures may use the predicate NAME? to determine if an object is the representation of an identifier, and may use SAME-NAME? to determine if two such representations represent the same identifier. For example, the transformation procedure for a CALL macro such that (CALL proc arg ...) expands into (proc arg ...) can be written as (lambda (exp rename compare) (cdr exp)) The second argument is a renaming procedure that takes the representation of an identifier as i3$0B3ts argument and returns the representation of a fresh identifier that occurs nowhere else in the program. For example, the transformation procedure for a simplified version of the LET macro can be written as (lambda (exp rename compare) (let ((vars (map car (cadr exp))) (inits (map cadr (cadr exp))) (body (cddr exp))) `((lambda ,vars ,@body) ,@inits))) The above transformation procedure is not hygienic, however. A hygienic LET macro must rename the identifier LAMBDA to protect it from being captured by a local binding. The renaming effectively creates an fresh aldsBias for LAMBDA, one that cannot be captured by any subsequent binding: (lambda (exp rename compare) (let ((vars (map car (cadr exp))) (inits (map cadr (cadr exp))) (body (cddr exp))) `((,(rename 'lambda) ,vars ,@body) ,@inits))) The following transformation procedure implements a macro (LOOP stmt ...) that implicitly binds EXIT to an escape procedure. The binding of EXIT is non-hygienic by design. (lambda (exp rename compare) (let ((loop (rename 'loop)) (call/cc (rename 'call-with-current-continuation)) (%lambda (rename 'lambdarC3)) (%letrec (rename 'letrec))) `(,call/cc (,%lambda (exit) ; exit is not renamed (,%letrec ((,loop (,lambda () ,@(cdr exp) (,loop)))) (,loop)))))) The third argument to a transformation procedure is a comparison predicate that takes the representations of two identifiers as its arguments and returns true if and only if the first identifier denotes the same thing in the syntactic environment of the expression being transformed as the second argument denotes in the syn6L?rCtactic environment in which the macro was defined. 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qPmMM & Maybe Push Point 0hMM ^R Incremental SearchntFS:EJPAG-256"E' QEcho Area HeightFSECHOLINES 0F[VARMAC FSSAILUSAIL Character Mode FS^MPRINTUDisplay Overprinting  n:,.F.X~'!PREFIX!F@:M(Q.XM.P)Control-X Q.XC)YW\7 *Initialization*.3))/\ f=..j(-1"g0' [..J:I..J[..J] 0: ACS162sageInhibit Help MessageFile Versions Keptode1M.L Auto Fill ModeText Mode Hooke1M.L Auto Fill ModeTeX Mode HookmanDavid ChapmanBabyl Personal NameBabylMail Reader LibraryeMM & TEXT ModeodeMM & LISP Modery~Z{TeX} ..D8M(M.MUntabify) ZJ I  \end TeXify HookMacro that M-X Texify runs on buffer copyOld FS Clk Macro~MonthsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecModeline Safe MacroModJcf\eline Full Update TimeInvert Filenames-E AI-EARSInit Vars Processed >Last Correct SuperioronySubDocIf non0, command documentation mentions subroutine useBabyl Setup HookIf non0, is run immediately after loading Babyl libraryBabyl Standalone JobNon0 means will exit to DDT/EXECBabyl File Version* 0: read max version, write back to same; 1: read and write version 1, similar for other positive N; -1: read max version, write back to next version This only applies to Tenex or Tops-20 systems.Undigestify Keep Digest* Describe M-x Undigestify 6=Dv]7Babyl Message for details on valuesBabyl F DefaultTXTBabyl ^O FilenameNext Screen Context LinesSurvey QuietlyBabyl Shh TextBabyl A Mode Display* Non-0 lets A update mode line*Survey* BufferBabyl Survey FROM/TO Control* Bits, 1 = enable prettification, 2 = shorten hosts, 4 = no hosts Can also be a macro, which is given message, survey buffers as args. 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It should return number (bits as above).Babyl N After D* 1 means N ax|adR]fter a D, -1 means N or P, 0 means no movementFrom:,Subject:Babyl Reply-To Field* Automatic Reply-To field in mail if non-0Babyl F Done Hook0 or a Teco program to run after F successfully exitsBabyl F Hook0 or a Teco program to run after F sets up its templateBabyl F Control* 0 (general edit), 1 (read To/Re then edit), 2 (read To/Re and send)Babyl Remail Control* 0 (read To field and send), non0 (read To then edit)Babyl Remail Hook0 or Teco program to run after message set up--Text follows this line--Babyl Header/Text Separator* 1 line that separates header Wf$9^7and text in recursive mail editBabyl G Done HookUser hook, run (if non0) after new mail is collected; argument is 0 or message# for last new messageBabyl FilenamesBabyl O FilenameBabyl Default File* Set this to specify your normal Babyl file. If 0, Babyl figures out the default filename to use. If that is wrong, you can set this. Set it to a string, the filename. This is especially for users whose Babyl file is not in their home directory, or not named from the user name. E.g. you might have a subdirectory full of mail-files, and set this variable to (for Tops-20) PS:SMY^THE.BABYLBabyl K TextBabyl Label Abbrevs SpecBabyl O Confirm New File* If non-0, you must confirm outputting a message to a new fileBabyl O Done HookIf non-0, run when O is doneBabyl O Message Hook m(m.m& Babyl R Done Hook)Babyl R Done Hook0 or a Teco program to run after R successfully exits. 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See Source code for more info.eMM ~DOC~ & Read Command Nameme:![0[1[2[3[4[5[6[7 1F[^PCASE :I6 0[8 0[9 q..q[.1:i*MM [.2 0[.0 &20."n2fo..QCRL Non-match Methodu.0' &2"nqCRL Listu.1 0fo..qCRL Prefixu.2 q.2"e:i.2'' 0[.3 0[.4 0f[HelpMacro f[BBindfq()"gg()' q..ou5 oRead !Redisp! 1u8 :i*CfsEchoDis fsrgetty"e@ft ' @ft6@ht zu.4 oRead !Barf! fg fsrgetty"n@ft ' oRead !Changed! q8"n fsrgetty"n q.4-q.3<:i*Xfsechodis> q.3,z@t' "#q.4,z@t' zu.4' zu.3 q9"n&4"n q8,q3' q8"n@ft0u9 :fi-13"noRedisp,Bxs''' !Read! q8"e0:"eoRedisp'' @:fiu0q0-4110."eoHELP'fiu0 q0-32"e."eoRead'' q0f  ?"l q0- "eQ.0&4"n q8"n@FT ' q8+4,(HX*)'' q0-"efiu0' q0i q8"nfs^RMode"n-1@t%.4'' oRead' q0-"e i^R q8"nfs^RMode"n-2@t%.4%.4'' oRead' q0-177."e q8"eq0fsReReadoRedisp' z"eq8,0' zj0au0-d fsrgetty"e@ft0' "#q0-40."loRedisp' :i*Xfsechodis Q.4-1u.4 q.4-q.3"lq.4u.3' oRead'' q0- "eoRedisp' q0f:"lhk0u.3oRedisp' q0-?"e &2"e f=(0,2:g5)^R"e m(m.m& Load Bare)'' f[BBind:ft &2"e fs:ejpage*5120+400000000000.u7 j.u3i  <2r:s 5;0lq3,.kv;xsQl .-z;.u30:l >q3,zk' :fo.1.25,0fu3 :fo.1.25,0fu4 q4-q3/q:.1(0)< 0fo..qCRL Name Listeru7 q7"nq3m7' "# q:.1(q3)u7 fq.2,fq7g7i ' q3+q:.1(0)u3 > j &2"e<:s~;0lk>' 0fo..qCRL Name Listeru7 q7"n1,m7' "# l j<.-z;x1l<.-z;1f=1"N1;'k>> ' ftHere are the possible completions of what you have typed:  ht0fsflushedwf]BBind 0u..hfoRedisp' !Retry! q0-"e (Q.0&2"'n)( )((z"'e)&(&40."'n))"n q8"n@FT ' Q8+6,(HX*)'' &2"e Message-Id: <9002120359.AA22286@crash.cs.umass.edu> Date: Sun, 11 Feb 90 23:01 EST From: Penni To: zvona@ai.ai.mit.edu X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN |Qgd xt*** EOOH *** Date: Sun, 11 Feb 90 23:01 EST From: Penni To: zvona at ai.ai.mit.edu X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN Well, I spent a lot of time today sorting out all the papers that have been draped about the living room for time immemorial. Unfortunately, I don't have the space and filing resources you do; my one hanging folder rack has files with names like ``UMass,'' ``Friends,'' ``Other NLP,'' and ``Z,'' which is for all the oddball papers I've gotten through you. I also found envelopes you had sent me stuff in dating back to almost two years ago. Wow. David Lewis and I decided to do a dinner andcCxtQ movie last night. It was a complete disaster. We went back to a place we'd had a great meal at last fall, only to discover that they'd changed management or something. One item we reordered (brie with raspberry sauce) was entirely different from and inferior to its previous incarnation; instead of three interesting vegetarian entrees, they had spinich tortellini and what amounted to the dreaded ``vegetable plate''; and the service was abominable. We rushed out (I forgot to sign the charge slip!) late for the movie, but we shouldn't have bothered. It was some mainstream flick with lots blood and the the antagonist fuck=xus (neither erotically nor lovingly) every woman in the place, except for the one who is not conventionally pretty and whom everyone refers to as ``the dyke.'' (I somehow found that more offensive than usual ;-}.) >From: IN%"ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.lcs.mit.EDU" "David Chapman" 10-FEB-1990 18:53 >You want to look at the last chapter in the big Bresnan book (MIT >PRess, called something like ``the representation of gramatical >relations'', recent). It's on ``sentence production'' and uses >prosodic analysis to argue for something vaguely similar to your line. A *recent* huge Bresan book? >I really badly n%ίxuQeed to figure out what I want to do with the next >couple years of my life so I can figure out what to ask for here. Not >so easy. What do you mean? You want to stay in CA and get as much money as they're willing to give you, no? Do you mean that you have to tell them what you want to work on, and this will determine eg, what equipement to ask for? >From: IN%"ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@Mintaka.lcs.mit.EDU" "David Chapman" 10-FEB-1990 19:06 >That should be ``barely able to walk'' Well, that's pretty funny. Of course the first one made perfect sense! I think my vita is all done, except I hate my ``research interB |Jxvests'' section. Bonnie had said to write half a page about my current and prospective research, but I'm not sure whether that advice was only meant for applying to postdocs. What do you think? I will see Victor Tuesday and plan to ask him directly whether he can write a noncondescending rec. for me. (Correction: I have an *appointment* to see Victor Tuesday!) So everything's in place if anyone evinces the slightest interest in me....:-( This is sorta a time warp: we were communicating long distance like this just a year ago. Feels rather odd. I'd rather have you be right here anyway!  1,, Received: from lcs.miu{q:xvQt.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 12 Feb 90 14:05:36 EST Received: from [128.119.40.235] by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa09891; 12 Feb 90 13:53 EST Received: from vax3.cs.umass.edu by crash.cs.umass.edu (5.61/Ultrix2.0-B) id AA23472; Mon, 12 Feb 90 13:52:31 -0500 Message-Id: <9002121852.AA23472@crash.cs.umass.edu> Date: Mon, 12 Feb 90 13:53 EST From: Penni Subject: more for your babyl file To: zvona@ai.ai.mit.edu X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN *** EOOH *** Date: Mon, 12 Feb 90 13:53 EST From: Penni To: zvona at ai.ai.mit.edu Re: more for your babyl file X-Vms-To: ZqWxwVONA,SIBUN I think you have my dmap tr still. Also, I seem to be missing a number of (current) important papers (as in pieces of paper). I've been cleaning and sorting around here and haven't found them, so I think it's conceivable that they got mixed up into yours stuff somehow. Smoo!  1,, Received: from REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU (CHAOS 13065) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 12 Feb 90 15:30:25 EST Received: from AI.MIT.EDU by REAGAN.AI.MIT.EDU via INTERNET with SMTP id 11866; 12 Feb 90 15:28:30 EST Received: from Q.CS.CMU.EDU by life.ai.mit.edu (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA24190; Mon, 12 Feb 90 15:25:23 EST Received: from Q.CS.CMU.EDU by Q.CSCxIXgyvwQ.CMU.EDU id aa05212; 12 Feb 90 15:07:47 EST Received: from cs.cmu.edu by Q.CS.CMU.EDU id aa05195; 12 Feb 90 14:59:02 EST Received: from maclennan.cs.utk.edu by CS.CMU.EDU id aa15772; 12 Feb 90 14:57:38 EST Received: by MACLENNAN.CS.UTK.EDU (5.59/2.3-UTK) id AA05739; Mon, 12 Feb 90 14:53:45 EDT Date: Mon, 12 Feb 90 14:53:45 EDT From: mclennan%MACLENNAN.CS.UTK.EDU@cs.utk.edu Message-Id: <9002121953.AA05739@MACLENNAN.CS.UTK.EDU> To: connectionists@vR-\yI? k{ {6v~{UMH"U~{XP ax{vGhgtL`l]UCUQFhgtL`VUV[3HgtL`\QcRuZ}h gtL`4R}S`McClelland, and Geoffrey E.~Hinton, Schemata and sequential thought processes in PDP models, in James L.~McClelland and David E.~Rumelhart, eds, {\em Parallel Distributed Processing: Exploration in the Microstructure of Cognition}, volume 2, MIT Press, 1986. \nextentry{Schank and Abelson 1977} Roger C.~Schank and Robert P.~Abelson, {\em Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding}, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1977. \nextentry{Schoppers 1987} Marcel J.~Schoppers, Universal plans for reactive robots in unpredictable environmmCXx|6ents, {\em Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, Milan, 1987, pages 1039-1046. \nextentry{Scribner 1984} Sylvia Scribner, Studying working intelligence, in Barbara Rogoff and Jean Lave, eds, {\em Everyday Cognition: Its Development in Social Context}, Harvard University Press, 1984, pages 1-40. \nextentry{Shepanski and Macy 1987} J.~F.~Shepanski and S.~A.~Macy, Teaching artificial neural systems to drive: Manual training techniques for autonomous systems, {\em Proceedings of the First Annual International Conference on Neural Networks}, San Diego CA, 1987. \nextentry{Smi2N~mqx|vth 1986} Brian Cantwell Smith, The correspondence continuum, {\em Proceedings of the Sixth Canadian AI Conference}, Montreal, 1986. \nextentry{Suchman 1987} Lucy Suchman, {\em Plans and Situated Action}, Cambridge University Press, 1987. \nextentry{Sussman 1975} Gerald Jay Sussman, {\em A Computer Model of Skill Acquisition}, Elsevier, 1975. \nextentry{Treisman and Gormican 1985} Ann Treisman and Stephen Gormican, Feature Analysis in Early Vision: Evidence from Search Asymmetries, {\em Psychological Review} {\bf 95}(1), 1985, pages 15-48. \nextentry{Ullman 1984} Shimon Ullman, Visual routines, {\em Cognition} {r Message-Id: <9002200639.AA00959@Sunburn.Stanford.EDU> Subject: Returned mail: Cannot send messag™x~ve for 4 days To: zvona@ai.mit.edu *** EOOH *** Date: Mon, 19 Feb 90 22:39:25 -0800 From: Mail Delivery Subsystem To: zvona at ai.mit.edu Re: Returned mail: Cannot send message for 4 days ----- Transcript of session follows ----- 421 loire.stanford.edu (tcp)... Deferred: Connection reset by peer during greeting wait with loire.stanford.edu ----- Unsent message follows ----- Received: from life.ai.mit.edu by Sunburn.Stanford.EDU with SMTP (5.61+IDA/25-eef) id AA00964; Thu, 15 Feb 90 22:30:05 -0800 Received: from rice-chex (rice-chex.ai.mit.edu) by life.ai.mit.edu (4.0/8@&TxAI-4.10) id AA03875; Fri, 16 Feb 90 01:29:32 EST From: zvona@ai.mit.edu (David Chapman) Received: by rice-chex (4.0/AI-4.10) id AA11833; Fri, 16 Feb 90 01:29:26 EST Date: Fri, 16 Feb 90 01:29:26 EST Message-Id: <9002160629.AA11833@rice-chex> To: winograd@cs.stanford.edu Subject: your paper on Heidegger and computer design Hi, I've finally gotten to read your paper on Heidegger and the Design of Computer Systems. Sorry it took so long; I'm in the midst of thesis-finishing and job-hunting. I hope these comments may still be useful this late. I've got three categories of comments. First, a few minor points on the\f]BBind' f~34u1 q1"l (&20."'e)(q0-32"'n)"noBarf' :i7q7u2' "#q3u7q1"n0,q1-1:g3u7' z,fq7:g7u2' q0-"efq4-fq7"eq4u30u1'' q0-32"e fq2"eq1"n 0,0a-32"eoBarf' 32iq8"n@ft %.4'oRead'' 32f2+1u2q2"g 0,z+q2:g7u7'' "#fq2"eq1"n fq4-z"noBarf' q4u3''' f~34"efq3-fq7"e q0-"eq8"n@ft '2+q8,(:i*3)' 1u9'' hkg7oChanged !HELP! fiw:ftYou are typing in  &2"eftthe name of an EMACS extended command :i7 command' "#0fo..qCRL Name Typeu7 fq7"g:I7 7' "#:I7' fta7 name' ft. Use Rubout to delete previous characters; use  to delete the whole thiA;:Jxvng. Typing Space or Altmode causes as much of the name as possible to be filled in for you (this is called completion). Type ? to list all the7 names which match what you have typed. &6-4"eft If completion fills in the entire7 name an Altmode () appears. You can then start typing the arguments to the command. Terminate them with a Return. If there are no arguments, you can use just Return after a sufficient abbreviation.' 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On printing terminals, C-L types line found but doesn't exit the search.rchMM ~DOC~ ^R Incremental Search[D 0[L 10.[RqO#x6 [Q@:iQ` q4+1*5-fq3"e q3[..ozj 200,0i]..o' .u:3(%4) qLu:3(%4) q2u:3(%4) q0u:3(%4) qDu:3(%4) ` [T fstyisourc"e @:iT` Q9-Q.9"N2[R'Q9U.9 fsrgetty"n2&qR"n qcfsechodis @ft9: q2u8'' @ft8:i8 `' "#:iT' [C:ICTL [0 [2:i2 [8:i8 [9 0[.9 1fo..qSearch Exit Option 200fsqvector[3 -1[4 [5 .[P [S:ISM.M& Isearch RuboutUS:MS :I*M(M.M& Isearch Help)F[HelpMac 1f[noquit [6[7 qD"g:i6I-Search:i7Failing I-Search' qD"l:i6Reverse I-Search:i7Failing Reverse I-Search' q6u9 0[I fsrgetty"e fstyisourc"e@ft S: ' 1fstypeo'' !Restart! 1:<1uI-2f[noquit 0fsnoquitwqD:m(m.m^R String Search)' q5-8"eoFunny' q5-176."goFunny' q5-"eoControl' q5-"e FSREREAD' !Normal! 4uR mQ :i220 fstyisource"e fq8"nmt' @ft0 "# !Try! mt '' qL"n!' .u5 40.&qR"e qD"gfq2-1r' "#fsz-qPf[vz fq2-1"gfq2:c"ezj'' f]vz'' qD:s2"l!' q5j1uLfg! !Funny! q5-177."eoRubout' q5&537.-S"eoForward' q5&537.-R"eoBackward' q5&537.-Q"eoQuote' q5&537.-L"efsrgetty"eoReprint'oControl' qE"eonormal' oControl !Reprint! 0tft..at ft S: 2 ! !Quote! 1f[noquit fsosteco"n-1f[helpch'p>Qx6 fiu0 fsosteco"nf]helpch' 0fsquitwf]noquit onormal !Forward! qD"l:i6I-Search:i7Failing I-Search' q4"LqD"goDefault' "#1uD!'' mQ qD"L0uL' 1uD 40.uR otry !Backward! qD"g:i6Reverse I-Search:i7Failing Reverse I-Search' q4"LqD"loDefault' "#-1uD!'' mQ qD"g0uL' -1uD 40.uR otry !Default! mQ qSearch Default Ring[..o .fswordu2]..o fq2"l:i2' q2u8 40.uR otry !Rubout! q4"lfg!' ms qL"eq6'"#q7'u9 mt! !Control! q5fsreread 0; > f]noquit >u0@feqit-q0"e@fg qL"'gqI"N:i*:'"#:i* 'fsjrnwr QL"gmt oRestart' qI"emsmtoRestart' QPJ0fsnoquit -1fsquit' q0f"nfserr' (zvHxvfq2"g qSearch Default Ring[..o fq(.fsword)-1"G5c.-z"ej'' q2,.fsword ]..o' fstyisource"e@ftm for Flakey works this way.)  1,, Received: from lcs.mit.edu (CHAOS 15044) by AI.AI.MIT.EDU; 3 Jan 90 13:45:43 EST Received: from crash.cs.umass.edu by mintaka.lcs.mit.edu id aa04699; 3 Jan 90 13:44 EST Received: from vax9.cs.umass.edu by crash.cs.umass.edu (5.61/Ultrix2.0-B) id AA17529; Wed, 3 Jan 90 13:42:07 -0500 Message-Id: <9001031842.AA17529@crash.cs.umass.edu> Date: Wed, 3 Jan 90 13:42 EST From: Penni To: zvona@ai.ai.mit.edu X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN *** EOOH *** Date: Wed, 3 JaM[x6n 90 13:42 EST From: Penni To: zvona at ai.ai.mit.edu X-Vms-To: ZVONA,SIBUN >From: IN%"ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.lcs.mit.EDU" "David Chapman" 2-JAN-1990 18:57 > Because you haven't made a convincing argument at all about > compositionality. What are the components? How do you individuate them? > How do you understand how they interact? How *do* they interact? > >Hmm. I think that you are holding me up to a higher standard than >everyone else. All I'm claiming is that you could do as well in this >framework as in the standard one. I don't believe the standard story {uvcLxv >either, but it doesn't seem reasonable to say that I have to do BETTER >than the standard treatment of indexicality. > >Maybe I just need to say this? Maybe. The problem you're just addressing here in your response to my questions is that of what, nontrivially, are you doing that is different. Your finding referents is actually very interesting, but I find its relationship to any model of language processing to be very tenuous. I think maybe that's ok in general, but I do *not* think it's ok for you to make claims about compositionality. You said (in the original that you deleted) that it was easy to see that Yz[x6you could handle compositionality. I don't see how you can say this without addressing any of the questions I posed above. > > (This particular instruction has (at least) > >two indices, what is to be done with the knife and which knife is to be > >used. Is that a problem? Does this answer your concerns?) > > Does it have two indices in the implementation? You haven't show enough of > the implementation for me to tell how you are doing it; I was assuming that > this was just one bit in you instruction vector like any other. > >Gork. This maybe explains some of your other confusions (wh4vxvich seemed >to indicate that you thought the i-bs were the output of semantic, not >syntactic processing). Blimey. I'm sure I wrote on there somewhere that I didn't find your syntactic/semantic distinction very enlightening. I honestly have no idea what ``the output of syntactic processing'' means. Not only do I know about a fair number of parsers, but I've actually written code for two of them: I know that there is no line that everyone will agree to that divides, eg, syntactic and semantic. We all know *more or less* what probably goes in each. But you are talking about a phenomenon, indexicality, that manifesK(s_x6ts throughout the process of NLU (all language phenomena do, of course, but anyway). You're starting at a particular point in the process, and that's fine, but I want to know what you assume your input is, and ``output of syntactic processing'' doesn't cut it. I'm actually rather surprised at your rhetoric here anyway. First, you are being as sloppy and unthinking with ``syntax'' and ``semantics'' as any AI weenie is with ``planning.'' Second, I know perfectly well that you ``don't believe in syntax,'' and it's really puzzling that you are assuming a ``syntax box.'' I *know* you want to finesse the hard issues involv8C=xved, but you just sound awfully naive about it (much more naive than you actually are). Anyway.... >The i-b for ``Use a knife'' has only one bit >of state, which says whether the instruction has been >given-and-not-completed. OK. What I thought. But-- > Disambiguating which way the knife is to be >used is all downstream; it's the central system's job. Yeah, but right there, you're not telling me what the options are, what the ambiguity is. >If you can explain how you got confused about this it would be very helpful. Maybe you can explain all the different ways it could be interpreted (and the I}=Lx6roles of ``use'' and ``knife'' in each). > Even if you are actually manipulating two indices > >Well, indices are things in the world, so you don't exactly manipulate them. Fine: dealing with them, attending to them, finding them, interacting with them.... So I ask again: what is going on with using that piece of advice? And (how) is it compositional?  1,, Date: Wed, 27 Dec 89 21:46:49 EST From: David Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU@MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU Message-ID: <683493.891227.ZVONA@AI.AI.MIT.EDU> *** EOOH *** Date: Wed, 27 Dec 89 21:46:49 EST From: David_{/v Chapman To: ZVONA%AI.AI.MIT.EDU at MINTAKA.LCS.MIT./1b 0b ,~ X1x `Q P,~rE ,~6Q@6[Ā,~6Q6[,~+  + +  +  "D "D "D "D "D "D ",,+ _,.M+g ӈ?x 6) 69,.+ pax;xRxvhy-+ cVMGO\u7tWe)&+( 6= P X,~ ,~ 6%,~+  + @+ @+ @ "D "D  "D "D ",O+ 6K 6% @u:B,*,Q,]]2c㈉,\H+ paxyxxvhy-+ ;\u7tWe9&,( 6= P X,~ 6*6/      ,~ "D "D "D+ @ "D "D "D "D "D "D "k+ u,V6;k3m,L,Qx 66/,tpaxRxvhy-+ f\u7tWeI&-(  66) %,~,>6-,pcCM0B+{M0B+{M/"1"," BO BMȀ BL BP BSM/"1"," M)B~(E)B(0b " B#M/"GM/" B" #K."G&"ȀK茑]G&"Ȁ B$7"2G&"ȀI7"+G&"Ȁ B%6)7%=" 6 6  ,pc,^,~M/" $pM/"/"(D.",~ H8AzMqw0",~@C0b `g "`M(+ko 3~xKPk 6]+&5 X/(P]+&9 ,~@/1#@+K681X=<Ȁ/#@0b0R`+@~L+Kp+K  .26# ,>&"Ȁ,^k 2X ,~,>6%I,^,~,> 6 $,^,~@v 6 %,~,>&=qM0B?`qsqM0,~0!` "?qs`qsqM0b ",>"$pS`qM B&Y,^,~,qL{]+qM`B+1"`+qM, l},~qM qM 3Q1UqMqMqMqMqM%qM'//t]qM|qMqM qMqMqMqMqMqM,>&?,qL0` x,h?`/&A,~,qL(a0b=1d1B#`1B$`1B`1B+&G1B$`W1B#`W+qM ",qM#,qM."0,qM_,/08]`- ",qM x(B}.",qM(?."+qM,qL+qMO@.,~ ,> M 01B7_,^ ,~ ,> 6_ 02vM`;1B%C_`;:0X>0,~? 0:0,~@_2bM_,~_@_,~_,~ M_,~O B7,qL1B oo ,>_ 0,9`oY\kP`i_ T0,^ ,~04],~.716+&J2vM+&K:x,~O B7 ,>_ 0,9`,K`,9`,K1+D"`7,9+ _ T0,^ ,~A0b-a0b=,~:x,~? zq M_ B0`? zq,>&L0B0,~0`7@/+s^a 1c $ 2.& M,qn0 `1B`,s^a T1@b M+qn? zq0"5,~+ Yt35%7Luu=BF&qm.[ 4 @@/,~qpcmc B1Ȁ B2a,~]@@.r{ B2:2 B1aO@/e,~O@/,~q4bu ",s^>`x` ,~qm,^Q"e ,~@e B3 ,>a ",r,sVO,s^,sZ,^ ,~e,~e 3 ,>a ",r ",s^,^ ,~`s+ri`r{],~],~+sV+sZ ",qM ",qM M,, "#,qM ",qM " +qMqq3bx*xmm3bx*xq`BG&P`,^,^,>Q,>R,qnr,^,^7wk+qnq`,~? zq/"5"u? zq/"(B? zq/"(?.Bx,~`q? zq? zq,~? zq? zq? zq? zq? zqq4bu? zq>`x+O,~6@.`7@/`_@2vM M_740@] T0,qk+pc+ @+ @+ @+ @ "D "D "D  "D "D+ w lxn)G n,tI+ pax;xRxvhy-+ `~t\u7tWЦ(   (Xh0 (Ph0 ,~q+T8x @@' Y ' b!HX' beK' bexU@;' k@' nZ' nZB*P X ' nf((W}' x' J' ,' Xz+}' X{p ' q*@'{`(BI)lE@(B^@(C@(D%(CTE`M(E(EA`&(Ed**(F?(F`\DG(F"XDK(F.(K(GI_(GP(G^P(G^$7(G^$7W@X(G^E< (G^G(XE(G_ TXG(G_`XC(G_Vp(H zD(M(H(H  (HT(HU* (XU(HU5hT (I@(IP(JHR(JJ OK(JJ"HDX_(JJz\Xe(JND DE7(JTz@'{(J^$''F(J^a@('(J`D7'^(JbE Xo(JbeK(JjeRD (JnE  (K@(K (K|x @M(K${  &(K&M(K,A`X(K,E EI(K,d*X(K/+Em(K/,LFt-;p(KP (KQQpJf(KVE (L`(L@(L#8*(L:@Jq(LP0 (N(N?\L(NP(c@)*),@ )@)I;)^A`)^d* ) )NE  6d)PPGO)Q) )Q)2k@X)Q)2~ )Q)3R.dQpX`)Q)3TV)Q)  )Q)JPX)Q+)Q+wx Xc)Q,V2~ X)Q,XXX)Q;X)Q;wx X)X#`(X)YE@ )j@)nB0G)nz@)nz)nzJ"X)nX)o/@G[)pd()q08) )-C 9W) )-Cx8n) )/@o3x9K) LG@(KK) LZp9]) Eu0`K() Eup) I @ ) ` ) `$ ) `$(Y) `$<) `d$]7) .#wY) /E() @ 7z) nE ) nd*)2-;|PMu)9-8 $)B#8Sc)BJE,Y0B)CO`)Dn)E)E l)Ez)GN )G^X )Gn J`)H aN )H@ 8w)HTE +)HTE%U+N)HTY(<7)Im`(+)JHJ("E)JN(+)JNE YO)JNz(>q)J^W)Jn>|)JnXpSz)LPA)LQ)r a(Y])r b +!)rY_)r:)r:\)r@Xm)r!6f)r"2 6e)r"8)r*@M3)r*d*?@Y8)r-0X)r-7TX)r:@)t Y{)t B?jx@)t BC)tN )t"`)v@S)v!@Y)v!H)v#8DB)v-:DY)v/:@Cq)y #` )y @;)y CdT)y CdUKx)y%()y%p)y%AW)y*b<@S<)y*dXX(i)y+`DY)y-0 YR)y-1p(n)y-7YQ)y/9pWn)y2@pWm)y4)y4d*?@)| 3*./W*4 * *" *" F*". 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FS%BOTTOMh!* 1 => Searches ignore case! FSBOTHCASEoint!* Center cursor this percentage down the screen! FS%CENTERerse!* 1 => Display mode line in standout mode! FSINVMODng!* 1 => Try real overprinting on the screen! F"'NFS^HPRINW"'NFS^MPRINt!* Nup9v-Cmber of lines in echo area! FFSECHOLINESn!* Leave this percent of screen blank at EOB! FS%ENDa!* 1 => display error messages in echo area! FSECHOERRmn!* Page width for filling and grinding! FSADLINE!* Overwrite Mode status (see M-X Overwrite Mode)! 1FSMODECHWFS^RREPLACEode!* 1 => Display chars 0-37 as SAIL graphics! FFSSAILSystem Output Holding!* 1 => let system handle C-S and C-Q! FSTTYPAGE!* Don't let cursor be in this percent of screen! FS%TOPMode!* 1 => word commands deal acs;tȈ..E Bad vaK}𞙟 E (output radix)L߇_$ cond argument was leL }stAFN AmbiguLr'_$eAOR ArgumeL DQh'ARG Bad argumenL~p{_$mbiguous variable orL5BD" Bad conditiL+lA_$hould be G,L,N,E,B,CL%7+CBEL A built-in ^R coL9=DB<(_$%om macro signaled anL Q@ |@ |wHLGo8,qk@#:[w(L'_@"D3@"Dvh~LUv 3qk@#:ivH|L.6m@"DM@"Dw8Lcnd_$:@"D@(@"DwhL5;uפ{@\@(@\wLq@HDHDHDHDHDHDV'O$Dmmrunpurifydumpemacs;ts 126YggP..E Bad value in q-reg ..E (output radix)2<1 The second argument was less than the firstAFN Ambiguous FS flag nameAOR Argument out of rangeARG Bad argumentAVN Ambiguous variable or macro name.BD" Bad condition after " -- should be G,L,N,E,B,C,D,A or UBEL A built-in ^R command called from macro signaled an errorCMD A char that isn't a TECO command was executedCNM Caller wasn't a macro (it was TECO internal code)DCD A disabled command was executedDSI Damned screw infinitelyERP Attempted :< ... ^\ with no closing > firstESR Empty sort !B recordFTL Filename too longICB Illegal ^] commandIEC Illegal "E" commandIFC Illegal "F" commandIFN Illegal FS flag nameIQN Invalid q-register nameILN Invalid local q-register numberISK Invalid sort key - "^P" commandKCB Kill currently selected bufferM^R Attempted to macro a meaningless numberNDO No device open for output - try "EW"NFC No free channels to pop intoNFI No file open for input - try doing "ER"NHP Nonexistent horizontal positionNIB You have addressed a character not in the bufferNIM Not inside a macroNOP SnU pecified type of IO channel hasn't been pushedNRA File not random accessN^R Not in ^R - command meaningful only inside ^RPDL Pushdown stack fullPUR Attempted write in pure pageRDO Attempt to modify a read-only bufferQIT ^G typed on TTY and FS NOQUIT$ was negativeQNB Q-register not buffer - attempt to select a string or numberQNN Q-register not numericQNS Q-register not string or bufferQRF Q-regs failed, probably TECO bugQRP Q-register PDL overflow or underflowSFL Search failedSNI Semicolon not in iterationSNR There is no valid search s[ tring to repeatSTL String argument too longSTS Dispatch string too shortTMN Too many macro, ^]q-register, ^]^X, or ^]^Y nestingsUBP Unbalanced parentheses found with an FL-type commandUCT Unseen catch tagUEB FL-type command encountered end of buffer.UEC Unexpected end of commandUGT Unseen go-tagUJC Undefined journal file charactersUMC Unmatched ")" or ">" as a commandURK Buffer space or library space exhaustedUTC Unterminated conditionalUTI Unterminated iteration or errset (missing ">"?)UVN Undefined variable or macro name5WLO FS OFACCP$ when old access pointer wasn't multiple of 5WNA Wrong number of arguments    A A A' A AA AA A A () )( A A A AA A AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA A ; A> A A< A A AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA (] A )[ A A A' AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA MAA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA (} A ){ A ~m~t DSK: EMACS; [PURE] 162ment~X~Q~J~C NoMM & Yes or NoMM Make Spacerval!* number of characters between auto-saves! fs^rmdlywfs^rmcnt!* Don't let cursor be in this percent of screen! 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