%%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ==================================================================== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "1.54", %%% date = "02 May 2025", %%% time = "09:53:58 MDT", %%% filename = "visible-language.bib", %%% address = "University of Utah %%% Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB %%% 155 S 1400 E RM 233 %%% Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 %%% USA", %%% telephone = "+1 801 581 5254", %%% URL = "https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe", %%% checksum = "27781 58493 269312 2723436", %%% email = "beebe at math.utah.edu, beebe at acm.org, %%% beebe at computer.org (Internet)", %%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII", %%% keywords = "bibliography; BibTeX; Journal of Typographic %%% Research; Visible Language", %%% license = "public domain", %%% supported = "yes", %%% docstring = "This is a COMPLETE bibliography of the %%% open-access journal, The Journal of %%% Typographic Research (CODEN none, ISSN %%% 0449-329X), (1967--1970), and an extensive, %%% but incomplete, bibliography of its successor %%% from 1971, Visible Language (CODEN VSLGAO, %%% ISSN 0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 %%% (electronic)), published by The Case Western %%% University Press, Cleveland, OH, USA, then by %%% MIT Press, then by the Rhode Island School of %%% Design, and then by the School of Design at %%% the University of Cincinnati, OH, USA. From %%% 2025, publication is by the Visible Language %%% Consortium of the University of Cincinnati, %%% the University of Leeds, and North Carolina %%% State University. %%% %%% Publication began with volume 1, number 1, in %%% January 1967, and there were four issues per %%% annual volume from volumes 1 to 29 (1995). %%% Volumes 30 (1996) to date have three issues %%% per year. Issues are sometimes combined in %%% print, and in one case, consecutive issues %%% from two volumes appeared in one binding %%% (volume 51 number 3 and volume 52 number 1). %%% %%% Issues are sometimes assigned months, %%% sometimes seasons, and sometimes have no %%% apparent month or season, unless that was %%% indicated on the journal covers. %%% Regrettably, except for some PDF files from %%% 2014 on, there are no cover images. Although %%% some issues state a publication plan for %%% specific months of the year, that schedule is %%% often not adhered to. %%% %%% The Web site for the journal (given below) %%% says: ``Visible Language is the oldest %%% peer-reviewed design journal.'' %%% %%% Entry Wrolstad:1976:EN reports the printing %%% technologies used to produce the journals. %%% There are a few colophons recorded here that %%% may provide font and production information. %%% %%% The journal has Web sites at %%% %%% http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/ %%% [no longer exists, but URLs are saved %%% on https://www.archive.org/] %%% %%% https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/ %%% %%% https://www.visible-language.org/index.php/journal %%% %%% Issues from the last year are available only %%% to subscribers, and earlier issues are %%% nominally freely accessible, but there are %%% several problems recorded later in this %%% section. %%% %%% At version 1.54, the year coverage looked %%% like this: %%% %%% 1967 ( 39) 1987 ( 36) 2007 ( 26) %%% 1968 ( 50) 1988 ( 29) 2008 ( 37) %%% 1969 ( 40) 1989 ( 29) 2009 ( 18) %%% 1970 ( 52) 1990 ( 28) 2010 ( 25) %%% 1971 ( 41) 1991 ( 30) 2011 ( 19) %%% 1972 ( 46) 1992 ( 22) 2012 ( 24) %%% 1973 ( 48) 1993 ( 29) 2013 ( 21) %%% 1974 ( 40) 1994 ( 34) 2014 ( 27) %%% 1975 ( 45) 1995 ( 26) 2015 ( 22) %%% 1976 ( 46) 1996 ( 30) 2016 ( 31) %%% 1977 ( 57) 1997 ( 36) 2017 ( 23) %%% 1978 ( 40) 1998 ( 29) 2018 ( 13) %%% 1979 ( 60) 1999 ( 33) 2019 ( 13) %%% 1980 ( 52) 2000 ( 24) 2020 ( 10) %%% 1981 ( 37) 2001 ( 38) 2021 ( 15) %%% 1982 ( 51) 2002 ( 31) 2022 ( 11) %%% 1983 ( 41) 2003 ( 23) 2023 ( 8) %%% 1984 ( 42) 2004 ( 17) 2024 ( 7) %%% 1985 ( 55) 2005 ( 26) 2025 ( 7) %%% 1986 ( 49) 2006 ( 22) %%% %%% Article: 1860 %%% %%% Total entries: 1860 %%% %%% Unfortunately, the Web data for issue %%% contents sometimes disagree with the %%% articles, abbreviate or reorder author names, %%% and fail to include links to smaller %%% contributions near the start and end of each %%% issue. Thus, the BibTeX entries in this file %%% are certain to represent only a large subset %%% of the publications in the two journals. %%% Those deficiencies have been repaired in the %%% complete coverage of the four volumes of The %%% Journal of Typographic Research, but much %%% work remains for the succeeding 50+ volumes %%% of Visible Language. %%% %%% In addition, single PDF files for complete %%% issues are available at URLs of the form %%% %%% https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf %%% %%% At least 38, however, are missing, or have %%% file protections that make them unreadable: %%% %%% V12N3_1978_E.pdf V22N23_1988_E.pdf %%% V22N2_1988_E.pdf V22N3_1988_E.pdf %%% V23N1_1989_E.pdf V23N23_1989_E.pdf %%% V24N34_1990_E.pdf V25N23_1991_E.pdf %%% V26N12_1992_E.pdf V26N34_1992_E.pdf %%% V27N12_1993_E.pdf V29N34_1995_E.pdf %%% V38N1_2004_E.pdf V43N23_2009_E.pdf %%% V43N2_2009_E.pdf V43N3_2009_E.pdf %%% V45N12_2010_E.pdf V45N1_2011_E.pdf %%% V45N2_2011_E.pdf V46N12_2012_E.pdf %%% V46N1_2012_E.pdf V46N2_2012_E.pdf %%% V49N12_2015_E.pdf V49N1_2015_E.pdf %%% V49N2_2015_E.pdf V50N2_2016_E.pdf %%% V51N2_2017_E.pdf V51N3521_2017_E.pdf %%% V52N1_2018_E.pdf V52N2_2018_E.pdf %%% V52N3_2018_E.pdf V53N1_2019_E.pdf %%% V53N2_2019_E.pdf V53N3_2019_E.pdf %%% V54N12_2020_E.pdf V54N1_2020_E.pdf %%% V54N2_2020_E.pdf V54N3_2020_E.pdf %%% %%% Their containing directories are %%% read-protected, so it is impossible to list %%% directory contents, in the hope of finding %%% minor variations in file naming. %%% %%% In addition, V8N1_1974_E.pdf has pages that %%% are seriously disordered, and many other PDF %%% files have jumbled, missing, repeated, or %%% reversed pages. Comments preceding BibTeX %%% entries for problem issues identify most of %%% them. %%% %%% The two journals are not in the JSTOR %%% archive, so there are no freely accessible %%% alternate sources of bibliographic data or %%% article contents. I found mention of %%% archives of the two journals in two %%% commercial databases, but in the past, I have %%% found the quality of those databases, and %%% their search and retrieval capabilities, too %%% poor to be reliable sources of bibliographic %%% metadata. %%% %%% Examination of several of the issue PDF files %%% show flaws, including out-of-order pages, and %%% missing pages. This problem is aggravated by %%% the `design' of the journals that omits page %%% numbers on many pages, fails to include year %%% and month data in running footers in %%% articles, and for some article PDF files, %%% supplies them only in an awkward two-up %%% format. %%% %%% In the view of this bibliographer, the Web %%% site design is an abject failure. In an %%% attempt to sprinkle text around the screen %%% like pages of an art magazine, the Web pages %%% use Javascript, and have unpredictable names, %%% making it impossible to fetch them %%% automatically: each one has to be viewed in a %%% Web browser and saved from there to HTML %%% files. The Web pages feature popups that %%% obscure the view of issue contents, and have %%% scroll bars for issue selection that %%% frequently fail to scroll. %%% %%% No Web pages are available at the publisher %%% Web site for volume 1 number 1, or for volume %%% 1 number 2. However, based on URLs for %%% full-text PDF files of later issues, I found %%% that I could retrieve PDF files for the two %%% missing issues, and then manually reconstruct %%% BibTeX entries for their articles. %%% %%% No DOI values are available for articles in %%% these journals until v53 n3 (December 2020), %%% and page ranges are mostly not recorded at %%% the publisher Web site, although all articles %%% are paginated. Thus, page ranges are missing %%% in many of the entries in this file until a %%% reliable secondary source of publication data %%% can be located. %%% %%% The page numbers given in entries for the %%% four volumes of The Journal of Typographic %%% Research have been supplied manually from %%% visual inspection of the issue PDF files, and %%% further validated by software than checks for %%% page gaps and invalid page ranges. When %%% article citations have been found, or PDF %%% files of articles have been viewed, page %%% ranges have been included in the BibTeX %%% entries. %%% %%% Yet more problems afflict assignment of %%% correct page numbers to articles in these %%% journal. Artwork, sometimes devoid of text, %%% may surround articles, and it is then unclear %%% whether it is merely a decorative page %%% filler, or is intended to be part of the %%% article. %%% %%% Article order, author order, page numbers, %%% and page ranges in the Web site files, and %%% the journal issue table of contents, are %%% often in disagreement with the actual %%% articles. The bibliographer has tried hard %%% to repair such errors, but it is likely that %%% a few such discrepancies remain. %%% %%% Numerous errors in the sources noted above %%% have been corrected. Spelling has been %%% verified with the UNIX spell and GNU ispell %%% programs using the exception dictionary %%% stored in the companion file with extension %%% .sok. %%% %%% BibTeX citation tags are uniformly chosen %%% as name:year:abbrev, where name is the %%% family name of the first author or editor, %%% year is a 4-digit number, and abbrev is a %%% 3-letter condensation of important title %%% words. Citation tags were automatically %%% generated by software developed for the %%% BibNet Project. %%% %%% In this bibliography, entries are stored in %%% publication order within each journal. %%% %%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 %%% checksum as the first value, followed by the %%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word %%% count) utility output of lines, words, and %%% characters. This is produced by Robert %%% Solovay's checksum utility.", %%% } %%% ==================================================================== @Preamble{ "\ifx \undefined \bioname \def \bioname#1{{{\em #1\/}}} \fi" # "\ifx \undefined \booktitle \def \booktitle #1{{{\em #1}}} \fi" } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Acknowledgement abbreviations: @String{ack-nhfb = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, University of Utah, Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB, 155 S 1400 E RM 233, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090, USA, Tel: +1 801 581 5254, e-mail: \path|beebe@math.utah.edu|, \path|beebe@acm.org|, \path|beebe@computer.org| (Internet), URL: \path|https://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/|"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal abbreviations: @String{j-J-TYPOGR-RES = "The Journal of Typographic Research"} @String{j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE = "Visible Language"} %%% ==================================================================== %%% Bibliography entries, sorted in publication order: %%% NB: Contents of volume 1, number 1, have been recovered from %%% https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30710505738 %%% and cross-checked against a table-of-contents page image at %%% https://fontsinuse.com/uses/11591/the-journal-of-typographic-research %%% and full issue contents at %%% https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf %%% %%% Here is a summary of the bibliography coverage: %%% %%% Count Year Volume Number Month/Season %%% %%% 11 1967 I 1 jan %%% 12 1967 I 2 apr %%% 10 1967 I 3 jul %%% 6 1967 I 4 oct %%% %%% 9 1968 II 1 jan %%% 12 1968 II 2 apr %%% 15 1968 II 3 jul %%% 14 1968 II 4 oct %%% %%% 8 1969 III 1 jan %%% 10 1969 III 2 apr %%% 11 1969 III 3 jul %%% 11 1969 III 4 oct %%% %%% 14 1970 IV 1 Winter %%% 13 1970 IV 2 Spring %%% 10 1970 IV 3 Summer %%% 15 1970 IV 4 Autumn %%% %%% 11 1971 V 1 Winter %%% 7 1971 V 2 Spring %%% 10 1971 V 3 Summer %%% 13 1971 V 4 Autumn %%% %%% 10 1972 VI 1 Winter %%% 14 1972 VI 2 Spring %%% 10 1972 VI 3 Summer %%% 12 1972 VI 4 Autumn %%% %%% 9 1973 VII 1 Winter %%% 13 1973 VII 2 Spring %%% 13 1973 VII 3 Summer %%% 13 1973 VII 4 Autumn %%% %%% 8 1974 VIII 1 Winter %%% 12 1974 VIII 2 Spring %%% 11 1974 VIII 3 Summer %%% 9 1974 VIII 4 Autumn %%% %%% 15 1975 IX 1 Winter %%% 10 1975 IX 2 Spring %%% 10 1975 IX 3 Summer %%% 10 1975 IX 4 Autumn %%% %%% 9 1976 X 1 Winter %%% 13 1976 X 2 Spring %%% 13 1976 X 3 Summer %%% 11 1976 X 4 Autumn %%% %%% 13 1977 XI 1 Winter %%% 19 1977 XI 2 Spring %%% 13 1977 XI 3 Summer %%% 12 1977 XI 4 Autumn %%% %%% 10 1978 XII 1 Winter %%% 12 1978 XII 2 Spring %%% 8 1978 XII 3 Summer %%% 10 1978 XII 4 Autumn %%% %%% 11 1979 XIII 1 Winter %%% 9 1979 XIII 2 Spring %%% 14 1979 XIII 3 Summer %%% 26 1979 XIII 4 Autumn %%% %%% 15 1980 XIV 1 Winter %%% 10 1980 XIV 2 Spring %%% 12 1980 XIV 3 Summer %%% 15 1980 XIV 4 Autumn %%% %%% 14 1981 XV 1 Winter %%% 8 1981 XV 2 Spring %%% 6 1981 XV 3 Summer %%% 9 1981 XV 4 Autumn %%% %%% 11 1982 XVI 1 Winter %%% 16 1982 XVI 2 Spring %%% 13 1982 XVI 3 Summer %%% 11 1982 XVI 4 Autumn %%% %%% 2 1983 XVII 1 Winter %%% 9 1983 XVII 2 Spring %%% 13 1983 XVII 3 Summer %%% 17 1983 XVII 4 Autumn %%% %%% 9 1984 XVIII 1 Winter %%% 11 1984 XVIII 2 Spring %%% 9 1984 XVIII 3 Summer %%% 13 1984 XVIII 4 Autumn %%% %%% 22 1985 XIX 1 Winter %%% 13 1985 XIX 2 Spring %%% 8 1985 XIX 3 Summer %%% 12 1985 XIX 4 Autumn %%% %%% 13 1986 XX 1 Winter %%% 12 1986 XX 2 Spring %%% 13 1986 XX 3 Summer %%% 11 1986 XX 4 Autumn %%% %%% 13 1987 XXI 1 Winter %%% 8 1987 XXI 2 Spring %%% 15 1987 XXI 3--4 ???? %%% %%% 9 1988 XXII 1 Winter %%% 7 1988 XXII 2--3 ???? %%% 11 1988 XXII 4 Autumn %%% %%% 6 1989 XXIII 1 jan %%% 9 1989 XXIII 2--3 may %%% 10 1989 XXIII 4 Autumn %%% 4 1989 XXIII 4 oct %%% %%% 11 1990 XXIV 1 Winter %%% 11 1990 XXIV 2 Spring %%% 6 1990 XXIV 3--4 jul %%% %%% 9 1991 25 1 Winter %%% 14 1991 25 2--3 apr %%% 7 1991 25 4 Autumn %%% %%% 15 1992 26 1--2 jan %%% 7 1992 26 3--4 jul %%% %%% 9 1993 27 1--2 jan %%% 10 1993 27 3 jul %%% 10 1993 27 4 Autumn %%% %%% 10 1994 28 1 Winter %%% 6 1994 28 2 Spring %%% 9 1994 28 3 Summer %%% 9 1994 28 4 Autumn %%% %%% 7 1995 29 1 Winter %%% 12 1995 29 2 Spring %%% 7 1995 29 3--4 sep %%% %%% 5 1996 30 1 jan %%% 12 1996 30 2 may %%% 13 1996 30 3 sep %%% %%% 13 1997 31 1 Winter %%% 13 1997 31 2 may %%% 10 1997 31 3 nov %%% %%% 10 1998 32 1 jan %%% 8 1998 32 2 may %%% 11 1998 32 3 sep %%% %%% 13 1999 33 1 jan %%% 10 1999 33 2 may %%% 10 1999 33 3 oct %%% %%% 10 2000 34 1 jan %%% 6 2000 34 2 may %%% 8 2000 34 3 sep %%% %%% 14 2001 35 1 jan %%% 9 2001 35 2 may %%% 15 2001 35 3 oct %%% %%% 9 2002 36 1 jan %%% 13 2002 36 2 may %%% 9 2002 36 3 sep %%% %%% 6 2003 37 1 jan %%% 9 2003 37 2 may %%% 8 2003 37 3 sep %%% %%% 2 2004 38 1 jan %%% 9 2004 38 2 may %%% 6 2004 38 3 sep %%% %%% 9 2005 39 1 jan %%% 8 2005 39 2 may %%% 9 2005 39 3 sep %%% %%% 9 2006 40 1 jan %%% 6 2006 40 2 may %%% 7 2006 40 3 sep %%% %%% 10 2007 41 1 jan %%% 6 2007 41 2 may %%% 10 2007 41 3 sep %%% %%% 16 2008 42 1 jan %%% 14 2008 42 2 may %%% 7 2008 42 3 sep %%% %%% 10 2009 43 1 jan %%% 8 2009 43 2--3 jul %%% %%% 7 2010 44 1 jan %%% 11 2010 44 2 may %%% 7 2010 44 3 sep %%% %%% 7 2011 45 1--2 aug %%% 12 2011 45 3 dec %%% %%% 10 2012 46 1--2 may %%% 8 2012 46 3 dec %%% 6 2012 46 3 sep %%% %%% 6 2013 47 1 jan %%% 7 2013 47 2 may %%% 8 2013 47 3 sep %%% %%% 6 2014 48 1 may %%% 10 2014 48 2 aug %%% 11 2014 48 3 nov %%% %%% 11 2015 49 1--2 apr %%% 11 2015 49 3 dec %%% %%% 10 2016 50 1 apr %%% 13 2016 50 2 aug %%% 8 2016 50 3 dec %%% %%% 9 2017 51 1 apr %%% 5 2017 51 2 aug %%% 9 2017 51 3-52.1 dec %%% %%% 4 2018 52 2 aug %%% 9 2018 52 3 dec %%% %%% 5 2019 53 1 apr %%% 4 2019 53 2 aug %%% 4 2019 53 3 dec %%% %%% 7 2020 54 1--2 apr @Article{Wrolstad:1967:PNF, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "A Prefatory Note to the First Number", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "3--4", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wiggins:1967:ETT, author = "Richard H. Wiggins", title = "Effects of Three Typographical Variables on Speed of Reading", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "5--18", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fry:1967:DMS, author = "Edward Fry", title = "The Diacritical Marketing System and a Preliminary Comparison with the Initial Teaching Alphabet", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "19--30", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Prince:1967:PVH, author = "J. H. Prince", title = "Printing for the Visually Handicapped", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "31--47", month = jan, year = "1967", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1967.tb03635.x", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Reprinted with permission in The Australian Journal of Optometry, 50(6) 164--177, June 1967.", xxpages = "31--48", } @Article{Duncan:1967:LSS, author = "C. J. Duncan", title = "Line Scan Standards for Characters and Symbols: a Practical Study", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "49--62", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nadler:1967:PPO, author = "M. Nadler", title = "The Perspectives for Practical Optical Character Recognition", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "63--68", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Holland:1967:TEC, author = "F. C. Holland", title = "Typographical Effects by Cathode Ray Tube Typesetting Systems", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "69--79", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cowan:1967:LVC, author = "C. I. Cowan", title = "On-Line Visual Correction and Make-up Systems --- {I}: Hardware", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "80--89", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fabrizio:1967:RFS, author = "Ralph Fabrizio and Ira Kaplan and Gilbert Teal", title = "Readability as a Function of the Straightness of Right-hand Margins", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "90--95", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Malkiel:1967:SULa, author = "Yakov Malkiel", title = "Secondary Uses of Letters in Language. [{Part I}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "96--110", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Romance Philology}, {\bf 19} (1965).", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Romance Philology}, XIX, 1--27, by permission of The Regents of the University of California.", } @Article{Anonymous:1967:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "1", pages = "111--113", month = jan, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N1_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Harrison:1967:CTT, author = "Randall Harrison and Clyde D. J. Morris", title = "Communication Theory and Typographic Research", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "115--124", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Payne:1967:RTM, author = "Donald R. Payne", title = "Readability of Typewritten Material; Proportional Versus Standard Spacing", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "125--136", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frutiger:1967:OBS, author = "Adrian Frutiger", title = "{OCR-B}: a Standardized Character for Optical Recognition", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "137--146", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wheelock:1967:IVD, author = "Warren H. Wheelock and Nicholas J. Silvaroli", title = "An investigation of visual discrimination training for beginning readers.", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "147--156", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tanselle:1967:TRB, author = "G. Thomas Tanselle", title = "Typographic Research and Bibliography", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "157--163", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wakefield:1967:PLD, author = "R. J. Wakefield", title = "Print Layout and Design with a Computer {CRT} System", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "165--168", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Malkiel:1967:SULb, author = "Yakov Malkiel", title = "Secondary Uses of Letters in Language. [{Part II}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "169--190", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Romance Philology}, XIX, 1--27, by permission of The Regents of the University of California.", } @Article{Downing:1967:CMP, author = "John Downing", title = "Commentary: Methodological Problems in Research on Simplified Alphabets and Regularized Writing-Systems", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "191--201", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "With a reply by Edward Fry.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1967:C, author = "Anonymous", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "202--203", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1967:BR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Reviews", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "204--209", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1967:AJAa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "210--213", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1967:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "2", pages = "214--215", month = apr, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N2_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pierce:1967:PIA, author = "James Smith Pierce", title = "Pictographs, Ideograms, and Alphabets in the Work of {Paul Klee}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "219--244", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "Paul Klee (1879--1940), the Swiss artist who taught at the German Bauhaus, used ancient and modern pictographs and alphabets in many of his painting and drawings. The discrete characters of the various systems of writing were well adapted to Klee's unusual additive technique by which he retained the expressive purity of the formal elements. In the 1910's and 1920's, Klee used roman letters to construct abstract formal patterns, but in the 1930's he reanimated the conventional symbols of the alphabet, turning them into active representational figures suggestive of their pictographic origins. His most revolutionary achievement was the invention of bold ideograms, combining different pictographic schemata in a set of double images which enrich a basic idea through chains of associated ideas, thus altering the notion of a picture as representing a scene fixed in time and space.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Huss:1967:CLT, author = "Richard E. Huss", title = "A Chronological List of Typesetting Machines and Ancillary Equipment, 1822--1925", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "245--274", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Hutt:1968:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "The history of the development (1822--1925) of the mechanical control of printers' type is outlined in this chronological list of type-setting machines. Early emphasis is on the single-type devices which manipulated individual pieces of type; gradually matrix machines were perfected. Also included are machines used to supplement the typesetting process: typecasters, direct printers, transfer or impression devices, and material makers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hailstone:1967:SED, author = "M. Hailstone and Jeremy J. Foster", title = "Studies of the Efficiency of Drug Labeling", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "275--284", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "Two experiments on the effectiveness of drug-labeling are reported. The first compared typewritten with hand-written labels, and the second compared printed drug-labels varying in type size, form of type and layout (centered or ranged left). A discrimination-test procedure was employed, the subjects having to select specified labels from a display. The results of the experiments showed (1) that typewritten labels were discriminated more readily than handwritten ones, (2) that labels printed with 10-point type were discriminated more speedily than labels printed with 6-point type, (3) that for labels printed with 6-point type, upper-case letterform was more easily discriminated than lower-case letterform, (4) the layout of the label design had no effect on discrimination.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frutiger:1967:TIS, author = "Adrian Frutiger", title = "Typography with the {IBM Selectric Composer}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "285--292", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Schmoller:1968:E,Gurtler:1968:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "The place of the IBM Selectric Composer in the evolution of bookmaking processes is outlined: it provides a return to directness and simplicity, combined with the speed of mechanization. Some restrictions and problems which the new machine poses for the type designer are described. The article was originally presented as a lecture at Gallery 303 in New York City. It has been composed on the IBM Selectric Composer in the Univers face which the author adapted to the machine.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Weaver:1967:CP, author = "Mike Weaver", title = "Concrete Poetry", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "293--326", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "The origins of the Concrete movement in poetry are briefly traced, with early manifestoes included as appendices. Three perceptual approaches, classified as optic, kinetic, and phonetic, are distinguished by means of twenty-one illustrations. The emphasis falls on the development of a new fixed form consonant with our age.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1967:RPR, author = "Dirk Wendt", title = "Research in Progress: Research on Readability and Congeniality of Print", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "327--327", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", old-journal-url = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", } @Article{Middleton:1967:ER, author = "R. Hunter Middleton", title = "Exhibition Review", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "328--330", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1967:BRR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {R. C. Alston, \booktitle{A Bibliography of the English Language from the Invention of Printing to the Year 1800, Volume VIII: Treatises on Short-Hand}. Printed for the author by E. J. Arnold \& Son Limited, Leeds, England; 1966. xiii + 152 pp. \pounds 5. 1Os}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "331--335", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1967:AJAb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "336--338", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1967:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "3", pages = "339--339", month = jul, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N3_1967_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mathews:1967:TFC, author = "M. V. Mathews and Carol Lochbaum and Judith A. Moss", title = "Three Fonts of Computer-drawn Letters", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "4", pages = "??--??", month = oct, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "Detailed descriptions are given for three fonts of letters. Letter shapes are entirely described by numbers. The basic vectors are in a general form so the fonts may be easily drawn on a variety of computers and cathode ray tubes. The fonts include both upper- and lower-case Roman letters, mathematical signs, and upper- and lower-case Greek letters. Digital type design is described. However, the principal contribution is the fonts themselves.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bass:1967:DCN, author = "Rudi Bass", title = "The Development of {CBS News 36}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "4", pages = "357--372", month = oct, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "Production of legible typography on the television screen is affected by technological variables unknown to the printed media. Specific problems of type distortion and decay in television transmission are described. To counteract these problems the Graphic Arts Department of CBS News experimented with various typefaces and developed CBS News 36; research results are illustrated and discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1967:TER, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "Typography: Evolution and Revolution", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "4", pages = "373--386", month = oct, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See commentary \cite{Foster:1968:CPR,Baudin:1968:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "Typography is considered as a technical phase in the evolution of handwriting. The latter in an intellectual and rational operation and not only a skill that is purely manual or mechanical. That is why ideas about the legibility and intelligibility of text should be extended to include the entire format which supports the written matter, book or document. The technological revolution in progress in the reproduction and multiplication of printed matter provokes a social revolution in the actual production of writing, and calls for a parallel renewal of teaching --- at a higher level --- of handwriting. Illustrations and commentary.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wright:1967:VGE, author = "Edward Wright and J. Collins", title = "Vertical Group Exercises in Graphic Design", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "4", pages = "??--??", month = oct, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "Graphic designers traditionally have limited experience with the direct relationship between meaning and form in the language they use. In this experimental project graphic design students were encouraged to gradually refine their own individual handwritten texts from random, personal jottings into a formal graphic mode. Several students' work is illustrated and commented on.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tomohiko:1967:JC, author = "Horie Tomohiko", title = "{Japanese} Calligraphy", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "4", pages = "??--??", month = oct, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "More than any other area of the world, Japan and China have refined the practical act of writing into a highly expressive art form. With their roots in earlier Chinese symbols, Japanese calligraphers have --- through a 1300-year history --- developed a variety of unique styles of their own. Two main classifications are discussed: ``classical'' in which form and emotion are closely integrated, and ``subjective'' in which feeling takes precedence over form.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tansell:1967:ITB, author = "G. Thomas Tansell", title = "Identification of Typefaces in Bibliographical Description", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "I", number = "4", pages = "??--??", month = oct, year = "1967", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V1N4_1967_E.pdf", abstract = "Two suggestions may be helpful to descriptive bibliographers in working out a method for describing the typography of a book: bibliographers should base their measurements of type on its appearance on the printed page rather than to infer the size of the type body; and their system of classification of type designs should be graduated so that different degrees of detail can be presented under differing circumstances and for the several periods of book production.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1968:SDT, author = "Dirk Wendt", title = "Semantic Differentials of Typefaces as a Method of Congeniality Research", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "3--25", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "The semantic differential, a technique of standardized descriptions for various kinds of objects in order to obtain quantitative measures of similarity, can be applied successfully to discriminate between typefaces and to locate them in a semantic space. Two different semantic differentials --- a more general and a more specific one --- yielded semantic spaces of three and four dimensions, respectively, on independent aspects. Results are interpreted briefly and with some caution. The main point is the demonstration of the applicability of this technique to typographic problems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gurtler:1968:DE, author = "Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler", title = "The Design of {Egyptian 505}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "27--42", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "In 1965 the Visual Graphics Corporation organized an international competition for new typeface designs. The author directed his typography class at the Kungstgewerbeschule, Basel, Switzerland, in designing a class-project entry: Egyptian 505. The students' training for type design is described together with the specific development of Egyptian 505 for photocomposition. Art school education for script and type design is discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hinds:1968:WCT, author = "Lillian R. Hinds and William G. Dodds", title = "Words in Color: Two Experimental Studies", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "43--52", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "Development of the use of color as an initial added dimension in beginning level reading is discussed, including the exploratory studies of the Gattegno Words in Color approach. Two experimental studies tested Words in Color: the Dodds study with primary-school children describes significantly superior scores in vocabulary and spelling; the Hinds study reports superior vocabulary and comprehension gains with inner-city illiterate adults.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Jones:1968:RRC, author = "F. Kenneth Jones", title = "A Research Report on Colour Story Reading", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "53--58", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "While use of color in the various visual media has increased enormously, typography remains essentially black and white. Colour Story Reading was developed to make use of color in helping children learn to read. The theory and practice of Colour Story Reading is discussed, including two studies testing this approach: one showing children's preference and better performance, and another showing superior reading attainment in black and white after initial reading with color.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Evers:1968:AUC, author = "C. H. Evers", title = "Adjustments to Unjustified Composition on the {{\booktitle{Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad}}}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "59--74", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "On February 6, 1967, Rotterdamsch Nieuwsblad introduced unjustified composition throughout the newspaper. The advantages and disadvantages of unjustified newspaper composition are discussed. The history of its innovation in Rotterdam is described and illustrated --- including the problems, benefits, and reception by readers. This article has been adapted from a report to a conference on the International Federation of Newspaper Publishers in Paris last fall.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:AGJ, author = "Anonymous", title = "Author's Guide to {{\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research}}}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "75--100", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1968:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "101--103", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Schmoller:1968:E, author = "Hans Schmoller", title = "To the editor", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "103--103", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Critical comment on \cite{Frutiger:1967:TIS}. See comments \cite{Gurtler:1968:C,Zapf:1970:C}", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "1", pages = "104--104", month = jan, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N1_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Smith:1968:TRM, author = "Glendon C. Smith", title = "Type Reading Machines for the Blind", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "107--125", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "The most advanced personal type reading machine described provides the blind user with an aural ``spelled speech'' equivalent for each upper- and lower-case letter or ligature scanned by a hand-held optical probe. This character recognition machine recognizes the most popular type fonts with moderate accuracy and speed (80-90 words-per-minute). The development of the hand-held probe for this machine has resulted in a family of aural and tactile ``direct translation'' reading aids which are pocket-sized and battery-operated and may be used independently for low-speed reading.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Enstrom:1968:RHR, author = "E. A. Enstrom", title = "Reading--handwriting Research", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "126--126", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted with kind permission from \booktitle{The Reading Teacher}, Volume 21, Number 6 (March 1968); 1968 by International Reading Association, Newark, Delaware 19711.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Click:1968:RRN, author = "J. W. Click and Guido H. {Stempel III}", title = "Reader Response to Newspaper Front-page Format", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "127--142", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "A study of responses to newspaper pages indicated that persons may make judgments about the entire newspaper on the basis of typography. Respondents were shown front pages from six newspapers they had not seen before and were asked to rate the newspapers on 20 semantic differential scales. There were significant differences between ratings of newspapers on 12 of the 20 scales. Respondents seemed to prefer horizontal pages and disliked symmetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Horowitz:1968:WFA, author = "Leonard M. Horowitz and Margaret A. White and Douglas W. Atwood", title = "Words Fragments as Aids to Recall: the Organization of a Word", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "143--156", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper discusses the organization of a single word. It shows that the beginning of a word is the best cue for eliciting that word; the middle is the poorest cue. Subject was shown a list of words one by one on a memory drum. (Some lists had six-letter words and some had nine-letter words.) Then subject saw a fragment of the word, and he had to recall the entire word. A beginning fragment elicited the correst response most readily and with the shortest latency. The middle elicited the correst response least readily and with the longest latency. These results are also related to the issue of associative symmetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Turnbull:1968:RAA, author = "A. T. Turnbull and David E. Carter", title = "Readership of Advertisements with All-display Typography", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "157--169", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "Experts differ in their opinions regarding the effect on readership of composing an entire advertisement in all-display typography. A sampling in Life and Ladies Home Journal magazines from 1954 through 1965 has revealed an upward trend in the use of such ads. To measure the effect, correlative studies were made relating the numbers of words to Daniel Starch readership records. Negative correlations were found for ``Read Most'' and ``Seen Associated'' ratings. With inherent reader interest in the advertised product held constant, correlations for both ratings were low. It was concluded that all-display typography may not be restrictive in dampening readership. However, rank correlations of all-display product categories with category rankings from Starch findings were so high as to lead to the conclusion that the effect on readership beyond the reader-interest level was not likely.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:JEE, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Editor for Experimental Design", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "170--170", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Pieter Brattinga h as been named Editor for Experimental Design for \booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shera:1968:DM, author = "Jesse H. Shera and Conrad H. Rawski", title = "The Diagram Is the Message", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "171--188", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "The diagram is a special case of picture-making. It involves the same representational condition: the mapping of a content in shapes which themselves possess --- and transmit --- a characteristic content. It is necessary to distinguish between the paradigmatic intent and the emblematic form of a diagram. In the postscript the error potential implicit in the interplay of these properties is demonstrated by examples which include the book arts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Coleman:1968:BRS, author = "Carroll Coleman", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Spiral Press through Four Decades}}, An Exhibition of Books and Ephemera, with a Commentary by Joseph Blumenthal. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1966. 100 pages. Clothbound edition out of print; paperbound edition, \$2.85}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "189--193", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Taks:1968:E, author = "J. J. Taks", title = "To the {Editor}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "194--194", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1968:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "195--197", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "197--198", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:PA, author = "Anonymous", title = "{{\booktitle{The Penrose Annual 1968}}}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "2", pages = "199--199", month = apr, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N2_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bonsiepe:1968:MQO, author = "Gui Bonsiepe", title = "A Method of Quantifying Order in Typographic Design", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "203--220", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "A description is given of a method to compare in quantitative terms the degree of order of two typographically designed pages. A distinction is made between two kinds of order: the order of a system (systemic order) and the order of arrangement. The Shannon formula was used for measuring the degree of order of the two designs --- an old version and its redesign. It shows that a judgment based on optical evidence can be supported by a mathematical-empirical judgment. Possible consequences for an aesthetics based on information theory are drawn. A design heuristic is sketched, and the possibilities as well as limits of an algorithmization of design decisions are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", xxtitle = "Quantifying Order in Typographic Design", } @Article{Mountford:1968:WA, author = "John Mountford", title = "`{Writing}' and `Alphabet'", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "221--232", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "The two English words ``writing'' and ``alphabet'' are both linked to language. The notion of language is built into ``writing,'' and the notion of writing is built into ``alphabet.'' Different disciplines which use these words and technical terms, use them differently; and everyday usage is often imprecise. Linguistics, as the science of language, can contribute towards sorting these meanings out. A start is made in this direction, in the belief that related disciplines ought not to be ``divided by a common terminology.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Telingater:1968:SAG, author = "Solomon B. Telingater", title = "The Standardization of Alphabetic Graphemes", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "233--240", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "During the historic development of our national alphabets the direct relationship between the sound of the language and its visual symbols has become obscured. The need for a stronger, direct relationship between sound and symbol is discussed; a suggested rearrangement of graphemes within our alphabet is illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Slothouber:1968:TA, author = "Jan Slothouber and William Graatsma", title = "Typographic Anamorphosis", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "241--244", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "Anamorphosis, an optical phenomenon meaning ``return of form,'' consists in the perception of a deformed figure as a normal figure. An example of letter-anamorphosis recently created in Holland is discussed an illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brown:1968:TSM, author = "Dwight D. Brown", title = "Towards a Standard for Measuring the Accuracy of Any Computer-hyphenation Program", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "245--258", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "No standard of measurement yet exists to measure computer hyphenation accuracy. The author discusses the need for such a standard; among considerations discussed are: word frequency, hyphenation probability, inter-word spacing, and line expansion factors. Very high hyphenation accuracy can be obtained if the computer program can select the words it chooses to hyphenate without being ``chastised'' for failing to hyphenate where hyphenation is possible. The author presents a series of formulas for arriving at hyphenation accuracy ratings in hyphenation errors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{vanderMarck:1968:PRP, author = "Jan van der Marck", title = "Pictures to be Read\slash Poetry to be Seen", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "259--270", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "Language and pictoral representations are increasingly being fused in contemporary visual arts. This trend toward a visual language --- poetic rather than communicative --- reflects a breakdown of tradition in all the arts. It is discussed and illustrated in terms of the work of specific artists brought together in an exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zachrisson:1968:TLR, author = "Bror Zachrisson", title = "The {A.Typ.I.} Legibility Research Committee", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "271--276", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:LM, author = "Anonymous", title = "List of Members", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "277--277", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:TXC, author = "Anonymous", title = "{A.TYP.I XIth Congress; ICOGRADA 1968 Congress}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "278--278", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Foster:1968:CPR, author = "Jeremy J. Foster", title = "Commentary: Psychological Research into Legibility", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "279--282", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Baudin:1967:TER,Baudin:1968:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Welsh:1968:BRC, author = "George S. Welsh", title = "Book Reviews: {I. Coppersmith, Stanley (ed.). \booktitle{Frontiers of Psychological Research: Readings from Scientific American}. San Francisco: Freeman and Co., 1966. 322 pages. \$10.00 (\$4.95 in paper). 2. Gregory, R. L., \booktitle{Eye and Brain: The Psychology of Seeing}. New York: McGraw-Hill, J 966. 254 pages. \$2.45 (paper). 3. Vernon, M. D. (ed.). \booktitle{Experiments in Visual Perception: Selected Readings}. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966. 443 pages. \$1.95 (paper)}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "283--286", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:BR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "287--291", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hutt:1968:C, author = "G. Allen Hutt", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "292--292", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Huss:1967:CLT}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1968:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "293--295", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "3", pages = "296--296", month = jul, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N3_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mergler:1968:OAC, author = "H. W. Mergler and P. M. Vargo", title = "One Approach to Computer Assisted Letter Design", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "299--322", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "ITSYLF is an interactive synthesizer of letterforms, which can be used in the design and study of alphabets. It is a computer assisted, operator oriented programming system which allows a typographic designer to enter numeric values through a keyboard and manipulate the characteristics of the letterforms quickly and easily. The alphabet was divided into classes, based on geometric properties of the letters. A set of parameters was derived that allows the construction and manipulation of the letter shapes based on mathematical models of the letters. A set of programs was generated that produces a drawing of the letter which corresponds to the current parameter values. Examples of the effects on the letter shapes of various sets of parameter values are presented for E, A, D, C as well as examples of computer generated serifs and three sets of consistant letterforms that could be used as the basis for several new alphabets.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moorsel:1968:TL, author = "L. Leering-van Moorsel", title = "The Typography of {El Lissitzky}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "323--340", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "Around 1920 there was ferment in all of the arts. Lissitzky (1890--1941) developed his art during this period and was influenced by such men as Malevich (supermatism) and Tatlin (constructivism). His typographic innovations are individualistic and connot be classified with any single ``movement.'' Lissitzky's work and ideas on typography --- of a pre-eminently pictoral quality --- are summarized and illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Seybold:1968:EVC, author = "John W. Seybold", title = "Esthetic Values in Computerized Photocomposition", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "341--350", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "Can the computer achieve the same quality composition as a skilled typesetter? The author identifies some factors which contribute to successful esthetic solutions and discusses the compromises that must be considered, for example, in hyphenation and justification. ``Feedback'' of information and ideas from typographer to computer programmer is encouraged.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zapf:1968:CLD, author = "Hermann Zapf", title = "Changes in Letterforms Due to Technical Developments", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "351--368", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "A brief historical survey traces the major technological influences on typography, beginning when Gutenberg transferred the handwritten letters of the medieval scribes into typographic forms, down through the development of machine composition, both in hot metal and photocomposition. Today new problems arise in connenction with automated optical reading machines. Not only must the technial requirements of computerized composition be mastered, but we also have to consider the demand for new alphabet designs as an expression of our time, departing from historicizing elements of past styles.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Emans:1968:CCA, author = "Robert Emans", title = "Context Clues as an Aid to the Reader", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "369--373", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", abstract = "Context clues have been referred to as the most important single aid to word perception. The author proposes a simplified schema to organize context clues according to three categories for pereception of printed words --- meaning clues, language clues, and organization clues--and within each of the categories, describes a number of types of context clues and gives examples.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Flarsheim:1968:RP, author = "Carl Flarsheim and Warren Infield and Alan Levine and Adrienne C. McCoy", title = "Research in Progress", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "374--378", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hoch:1968:CLW, author = "Ernest Hoch", title = "Commentary: Linguistics, ``Writing,'' and Typography", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "379--382", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Meyer:1968:BRS, author = "Peter Meyer and Henry Hawley", title = "Book Reviews: {I. Stephen Bann (Ed.). \booktitle{Concrete Poetry. An international anthology}. London: London Magazine Editions No. 13, 1967. 199 pages. 30s. 2. Eugene Wildman (ed.). \booktitle{The Chicago Review Anthology of Concretism}. Chicago: Swallow Press, 1967. 15 7 pages. \$2.00. 3. Emmett William (Ed.). \booktitle{An Anthology of Concrete Poetry}. New York: Something Else Press, 196 7. X + 342 pages. \$10.00 (cloth), \$3.00 (paper). John Russell Taylor. \booktitle{The Art Nouveau Book in Britain}. Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1966, 175 pp. \$12.95}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "383--391", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See letters \cite{HamiltonFinlay:1969:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Check: Page 391 in the issue PDF file is followed by 5 unnumbered %%% pages with drawings, then by p. 397. There may be a missing article %%% title, given the gap of one page. @Article{Baudin:1968:C, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "397--397", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Baudin:1967:TER,Foster:1968:CPR}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gurtler:1968:C, author = "Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "397--398", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Schmoller:1968:E}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Spear:1968:C, author = "Frank Spear and Jack Stauffacher and Daniel Ford and John Willett and Howard Paine", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "398--401", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Negative and positive comments on the journal cover design, with its overlapping letters.", } @Article{Baudin:1968:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "402--404", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:IVI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume II}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "405--407", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1968:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "II", number = "4", pages = "408--408", month = oct, year = "1968", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V2N4_1968_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Meiss:1969:FAT, author = "Millard Meiss", title = "The First Alphabetical Treatises in the {Renaissance}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "1", pages = "3--30", month = jan, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Treatises on the design of the alphabet were an innovation of the early Renaissance and reflect that period's conception of a world ordered by numerical proportion and geometric shape. The interrelationship of the various men and their theories is discussed and illustrated. Although Felice Feliciano inaugurated these alphabetical treatises, Andrea Mantegna is shown to have had an important place (if not key role) in the revival of the roman letter.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Munson:1969:CRH, author = "John H. Munson", title = "Computer Recognition of Hand-printed Text", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "1", pages = "31--61", month = jan, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper describes the procedures and results of a project aimed at the computer recognition of relatively unconstrained hand-printed texts. Scanning, feature-extraction, and character classification techniques are described. Novel approaches investigated include a feature-extracting preprocessor consisting entirely of local edge detectors, the use of multiple-valued confidence indicators both before and after classification, the combining of independent preprocessor-classifier systems in parallel to achieve improved character-recognition accuracy, and the use of application-oriented context analysis. Two large files of hand-printed data are described, and results concerning their legibility are given. An extensive bibliography in hand-printed character recognition is included.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Crosby:1969:RMP, author = "R. M. N. Crosby", title = "Recognizing the Marks on Paper", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "1", pages = "63--78", month = jan, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Relatively little is known about how a child learns to read --- i.e., what processes go on in his mind. In dealing with how the beginning reader learns to differentiate graphic symbols, this article considers several related problems: How does preschool experience hamper the child in his initial discrimination of letter-like forms? How does a child learn to differentiate between letters? And between words? What is the correlation between reading and writing? Several reading research programs are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shurtleff:1969:RLL, author = "Donald Shurtleff", title = "Relative Legibility of {Leroy and Lincoln\slash MITRE} Fonts on Television", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "1", pages = "79--90", month = jan, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "The legibility of standard Leroy alphanumeric symbols was compared with that of a new font, the Lincoln/MITRE, on a television monitor at resolutions of 8, 10, 12 and 14 lines per symbol height. The new font was not superior in legibility to the Leroy font at any of the values of resolutions tested. While the findings for the new font were negative, insights were gained about how to improve symbol design for more legible television displays. It was recommended that these new design techniques be evaluated in future work on television displays.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", xxauthor = "David Shurtleff", } @Article{Lindley:1969:TEE, author = "William R. Lindley", title = "Typographic Education. {England}: {The Working Party on Typographic Teaching}. {USA}: Typography in Journalism School Curricula", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "1", pages = "91--106", month = jan, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1969:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "1", pages = "107--109", month = jan, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "1", pages = "110--110", month = jan, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:BNJ, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back Numbers of the {{\booktitle{Journal}}}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "1", pages = "111--112", month = jan, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N1_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1969:LRN, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "Letterform Research Needs Definition and Direction: A Report from the {Editor}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "115--126", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "With this its tenth issue, the total number of pages published in The Journal or Typographic Research passes 1,000. This milestone would seem to provide the opportunity for a report on the Journal and on current letterform research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bartz:1969:TVP, author = "Barbara S. Bartz", title = "Type Variation and the Problem of Cartographic Type Legibility --- {Part One}: Cartographic Typography as a Medium for Communication; The Cartographic View of Legibility", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "127--144", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See correspondence \cite{Zapf:1970:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "An analysis of the varied functions of lettering on the map suggests that typographic appearance and arrangement on the map may be viewed with respect to a symbolic-analogic continuum. Type is considered to be: 1. Symbolic; 2. Analogic --- a. Locative analogy, b. Quality analogy and c. Quantity analogy (or value analogy). A review of the cartographic literature having to do with the conception and treatment of ``legibility'' reveals that its content is derived primarily from typographic research done in non-cartographic context. Since it can be shown that type on maps is unique in several ways, the applicability of that research is questioned.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Check: pages 145--146 are misplaced in the issue PDF file, V3N2_1969_E.pdf; %%% They are found after page 158. @Article{Kolers:1969:CLR, author = "Paul A. Kolers", title = "Clues to a Letter's Recognition: Implications for the Design of Characters", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "145--168", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Several experiments are reviewed in which orientation of letters and direction of reading were manipulated. The results imply that skilled reader recognize letters by selecting clues to their identity and with these clues construct a subjective representation of the letters. The clue-seeking seems to be directed toward the right-hand side of letters. This finding suggests that typefaces might be redesigned to avoid bold strokes weighted on their left or heavy strokes that are all of equal weight. Some indications of where a character begins and a sharpening of the useful detail on the characters' right could facilitate the sampling that yields recognition. A second implication is that character-transmitting devices need not examine or transmit all of a character. Reconstruction, if needed, could be performed by the received instrument from the clues provided by a representation of the character's linear extent and its right-hand markings.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{DiMeo:1969:VMS, author = "Katherine P. DiMeo", title = "Visual-motor Skills: Response Characteristics and Prereading Behavior", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "169--182", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Assumed facets of kindergarten subjects' visual-motor skill were studied by an analysis of the interrelationships in response characteristics to a set of geometric forms. Implications for initial response to letterforms (reading readiness) is discussed. Two measures of intersensory equivalence were used with the stimulus perceived through the sense of active touch (haptics). Stimulus characteristics --- contour, closure, size, rotation and embeddedness --- were varied in five visual-discrimination subtexts. Kindergarten subjects' V-M skill is significantly related to achievement in intersensory equivalences and in visual discrimination of geometric forms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rice:1969:SCT, author = "Stanley Rice", title = "A Standard Code for Typographic Character Identification", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "183--192", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "An industry-wide standard code to identify typographic characters and their uses for electronic character generation is proposed. The code would facilitate both traditional and automatic analyses of character sets and provide a mutually intelligible communication channel for author, editor, designer and compositor. Reactions to the code are solicited.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Roth:1969:ETM, author = "Joel A. Roth", title = "Excerpt: Typography That Makes the Reader Work", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "193--196", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Book typography today basically follows the same configurations on the page that it has since books have been printed with movable type. Except for relatively minor alterations, the reader of today's book is confronted with page after unrelieved page of blocks of type. But that may be changing. As McLuhan notes, the works of artists are often far in advance of what later becomes common usage. If this is so, then the work of several novelists and designers today may presage a new use for typography on the book page in the future. This new use for typography is based on erratic type arrangement which pulls the reader in as an active participant, and makes reading a creative act rather than passive absorption of information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1969:BRH, author = "Fernand Baudin and Colin Banks and Ruari McLean", title = "Book Reviews: {H. D. L. Vervliet, \booktitle{Sixteenth-century Printing Types of the Low Countries}. Jan Tschichold, \booktitle{Asymmetric Typography}. David Diringer, \booktitle{The Alphabet}}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "197--208", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{HamiltonFinlay:1969:C, author = "Ian {Hamilton Finlay} and Peter Mayer", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "209--212", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Meyer:1968:BRS}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1969:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "213--215", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "2", pages = "216--216", month = apr, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N2_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bruns:1969:MTL, author = "Gerald L. Bruns", title = "{Mallarm{\'e}}: The Transcendence of Language and the Aesthetics of the Book", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "219--240", month = jul, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Mallarm{\'e}'s dream of a book in which all existence is to be contained is predicted upon the isolation of poetic language between the world of things and the universe of meaning. Ordinary speech is structured in order to mediate between these two worlds, but Mallarm{\'e} seeks to liberate poetic language from this mediating function, and to establish it as a reality in a world of its own, by substituting the syntax of music for the syntax of speech. Moreover, the syntax of music is to be realized typographically: the words of the poem are to be arranged within the spatial field of the white page in a way that describes a musical structure. Thus the world will find expression in a book --- not, however, as a structure of meanings, but in abstract form as a system of pure relations. Mallarm{\'e} gestures toward his ideal book in Un Coup de d{\'e}s, in which a simple narrative is organized, not temporally as a sequence of episodes, but spatially and typographically as a concurrence of themes that are distinguished chiefly by different point sizes of type. Thus typography becomes a principle of composition and the book itself a part of the poetic universe.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1969:X, author = "Dirk Wendt", title = "{O} or 0?", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "241--248", month = jul, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See discussion \cite{Nesbitt:1971:C,Nadler:1972:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "There is a need for a universal and aesthetic solution to the current problem of distinguishing between the capital letter oh and the numeral zero on electronic data processing equipment. Practices leading to the present lack of understanding and differentiation are discussed and illustrated. A new proposal for distinguishing between the oh and the zero is advanced.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Vartabedian:1969:PFG, author = "Allen G. Vartabedian", title = "A Proposed Fontstyle for the Graphic Representation of the Oh and Zero", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "249--258", month = jul, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See correspondence \cite{Zapf:1970:C,Nesbitt:1971:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "A new fontstyle is proposed for the machine rendering of the graphic representation of the letter oh and the number zero. It prescribes placing a loop on the oh and drawing the zero as an oval. The new convention is intended for use in communication environments where the discriminability of graphic symbols is critical. These environments include use of devices such as teleprinters, computer line printers, keypunch machines and cathode ray tube displays. The proposed new fontstyle does not draw upon previous conventions for distinguishing between these symbols and consequently avoids a current conflict in slashing either the oh or zero. A design criterion is also presented for distinguishing between the numbers and letters of a given font.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tanselle:1969:UTD, author = "G. Thomas Tanselle", title = "The Use of Type Damage as Evidence in Bibliographical Description", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "259--276", month = jul, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Accidental variations in the typography of books can furnish important clues about the regular processes of printing --- both in compositorial analysis and the classification and ordering of successive printings, issue and states. The article considers the question: what degree of physical detail should be recorded in a descriptive bibliography? Examples of type-damage discovered in a collation of Herman Melville's works are illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Burns:1969:RGA, author = "J. R. Burns", title = "A Report Generator Approach to Automated Page Composition", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "277--286", month = jul, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Because of restrictions in the practical production of multiple copies of computer output by a line printed, a high-speed photocomposition system --- the Master Typography System --- was developed to work in conjunction with the Linotron 1010 at the US Government Printing Office. The system composes pages of repetitive, computer-based information using the report generator approach dedicated to a limited area of concern. The system is described and some typical output is illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:LA, author = "Anonymous", title = "Letterforms in the Arts", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "287--292", month = jul, year = "1969", bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reynolds:1969:CMM, author = "Lloyd Reynolds and R. J. Wakefield", title = "Comment: {Marshall McLuhan} and Italic Handwriting; Comment: Publishing by Computer", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "293--300", month = jul, year = "1969", bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:ER, author = "Anonymous", title = "Exhibition Review", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "301--305", month = jul, year = "1969", bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1969:BRE, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {Erik Dal, \booktitle{Scandinavian Bookmaking in the Twentieth Century}. Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers Forlag (also published Urbana: The University of Illinois Press), 1968. 128pp. \$5.50}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "306--308", month = jul, year = "1969", bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1969:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "309--311", month = jul, year = "1969", bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "3", pages = "312--312", month = jul, year = "1969", bibdate = "Tue Feb 09 15:07:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N3_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kaldor:1969:GRG, author = "Ivan L. Kaldor", title = "The Genesis of {Russian} {{\em Grazhdanskii Shrift\/}} or Civil Type --- {Part I}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "315--344", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See also Part II \cite{Kaldor:1970:GRG}", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "The development and adoption of grazhdanskii shrift or civil type by Peter I (1689--1725) is considered as a step with social and cultural implications for the late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Russia that go far beyond the impact of any innovation recorded in the general history of printing --- save the introduction of printing with movable type. The paper offers a documented history of the creation of grazhdanskii shrift. In an attempt to identify possible models used by the designer of the new type contemporaneous engraved texts with characters of potential prefigurations are examined. Transitional types used by Western typographers in the Tsar's service are identified and analyzed with the same purpose. Finally, the actual creation of the new type --- the first modern typeface used in Russia --- is traced starting with the search for an episode that may have triggered the idea in Peter I at the turn of the century to the imperial ukaz enforcing the use of grazhdanskii shrift in all lay works of printing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Turbayne:1969:VLV, author = "Colin Murray Turbayne", title = "Visual Language from the Verbal Model", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "345--370", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "Hypothesis: the visible world is a script, presented in alphabetical forms, which we have to learn to read. In looking at the ancient problem of how we see, we must first consider the conflict of common sense vs. illusion in our interpretation of what we see. Man learns to decode a complex code of vision, which includes bridging the gulf between a written language and a spoken language (both called, for example, ``English'') as well as between visuals and tactuals. Seeing is modeled upon reading; painting, sculpture and photography are modeled on writing --- and are forms of writing in visual language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ovink:1969:FTD, author = "G. W. Ovink", title = "Fashion in Type Design", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "371--377", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "While ``fashion'' tends to have unfavorable connotations, ``style'' is interpreted as a favorable unity of the principles of form of a certain epoch. Questions of fashion in type design today are conditioned on different situations than before World War II, mostly due to the rise of photocomposition and easy reproduction of drawn lettering. Careful execution and self-discipline are no longer required; typographers prefer neutral types, creating their own expression through typographic design. We have today a dominance of the classicist tendency in typography: type is meant to be read. However, in printing types purely utilitarian forms hardly exist; type design has other subjective, emotional purposes. Type designers should be encouraged to create free forms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:CJS, author = "Anonymous", title = "Changes in Journal Subscription Policy", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "378--378", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brattinga:1969:HSN, author = "Pieter Brattinga", title = "The House-style of {The Netherlands PTT}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "379--386", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "``House-style'' is defined as the aesthetic ordering of all facets of a corporation's business, both public and private. The origins and history of The Netherlands PTT house-style is briefly traced from the pioneer work of Jean Francois van Royen (circa 1910) through Dr. Hein van Haaren's direction today. Examples of stamp and booklet design through this period are illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bartz:1969:SAC, author = "Barbara S. Bartz", title = "Search: an Approach to Cartographic Type Legibility Measurement", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "387--398", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "A summary of this research is contained in Barbara S. Ba rtz, \booktitle{Type Variation and the Problem of Cartographic Type Legibility} (Madison: Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1969). See correspondence \cite{Zapf:1970:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", abstract = "It is proposed that a new task be selected for measuring the effect of type variation in cartographic context, and that since every name on a map must be found before it can be processed further, ``search'' would be such a meaningful task. From this, a definition of cartographic legibility would be held to include the notion, ``the speed with which the map can be searched.'' Some literature is cited to show the utility of the search task in general, and various considerations which would restrict its use in map research context are also outlined.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:RS, author = "Anonymous", title = "Response Sheet", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "399--399", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:PAV, author = "Anonymous", title = "{{\booktitle{The Penrose Annual 1969}, Volume 62}}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "400--400", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1969:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "401--403", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "404--404", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1969:IVI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume III}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "III", number = "4", pages = "405--407", month = oct, year = "1969", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3N4_1969_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "3--6", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research} is devoted to critical investigation and experimentation that contribute to a better understanding of the role letterforms play in the communication process. ``Typography'' is interpreted in the broadest possible sense, encompassing any use or reproduction of letterforms and related symbols within our own and other language systems --- and including their origins, historic development and special applications. It is the journal's purpose, first to identify and encourage letterform research internationally, and second to pursue the natural association of experimental work in all research areas concerned with our visible language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lees:1970:IDP, author = "John Lees and Melvin Farman", title = "An Investigation of the Design and Performance of Traffic Control Devices", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "7--38", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper reports on a study (performed for the United States Bureau of Public Roads) involving a comparative analysis of the design elements of the major highway sign symbols of the world. Shape, color, symbols, pictographs and verbal messages were studied through design exercises, laboratory investigations and road tests. The study --- carried out by a multi-disciplinary team of psychologists, engineers and graphic designers --- also included extensive reviews of existing research on highway signs, traffic control devices and the design of signs. The introduction examines the history of highway sign development and regulation as well as a discussion of an automobile driver's processing of information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Scorsone:1970:LDC, author = "Joesph S. Scorsone", title = "Ligature Design for Contemporary Technology", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "39--50", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Computer-aided composition has eliminated restrictions on the number of characters that can be stored practically in a font of printing type. A system of 27 ligatures was designed as an addition to both sans-serif and roman fonts. The development of the ligatures in News Gothic and Century Schoolbook typefaces is discussed and illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Crouwel:1970:TDC, author = "Wim Crouwel", title = "Type Design for the Computer Age", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "51--59", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Although typography has always reflected the cultural pattern of its period, today's typefaces and typographic designers are a reflection of the past, not of contemporary society. We must think in terms of our electronic media and contemporary forms of expression. A suggested approach for designing today's typography --- based on a cell or unit system --- is discussed and illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Becker:1970:RPT, author = "D. Becker and J. Heinrich and R. von Sichowsky and Dirk Wendt", title = "Reader Preferences for Typeface and Leading", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "61--66", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper investigates the influence of typeface and leading on perceived appealingness of a printed page. Eighty subjects judged the attractiveness of 48 typographic designs, varying in typeface (Garamond, Bodoni Antiqua, Bodoni Kursiv, Akzidenz Grotesk), in justified vs. unjustified composition, and in leading (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 points). Judgments were made by rank ordering subsets of six specimens. A scaling procedure (comparative judgment) was applied to the data and gave scale values for each design. There was no significant difference between mean and scale values for justified and unjustified composition, but different typefaces required different amounts of leading to allow most appealing composition.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Montague:1970:DIT, author = "Arleigh Montague", title = "Designing the Initial Teaching Alphabet in Five Typefaces", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "67--72", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Although use of i.t.a. (Initial Teaching Alphabet) in schools is growing, its use in printed materials is handicapped by inadequate adaptation to typeface design. This study involved designing the i.t.a. alphabet for five well-known typefaces: Century Schoolbook, Baskerville, Melior, Helvetica and Optima. The process is briefly described and the new alphabets are illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brown:1970:SRM, author = "W. S. Brown", title = "Speed-reading Made Easy", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "73--75", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper advocates and illustrates an unusual typography, which promises to make speed reading easier, faster and more reliable. It is suggested that computers be used to prepare text in this form.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:LRA, author = "Anonymous", title = "Legibility Research Abstracts", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "76--76", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ong:1970:CVP, author = "Walter J. Ong", title = "Comment: Voice, Print, and Culture", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "77--83", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Parker:1970:WI, author = "Brant Parker and Johnny Hart", title = "The {Wizard of Id}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "84--84", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brant_Parker; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hart; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Cartoon commentary on typesetter employment.", } @Article{Noordzij:1970:RJD, author = "Gerrit Noordzij", title = "Reading the Journal: a discussion of starting points in the issue of {April 1969}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "85--90", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1970:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "91--93", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:BA, author = "Anonymous", title = "[{Book}] Announcements", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "94--94", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = "Winter", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "99--102", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N1_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research} is devoted to critical investigation and experimentation that contribute to a better understanding of the role letterforms play in the communication process. ``Typography'' is interpreted in the broadest possible sense, encompassing any use or reproduction of letterforms and related symbols within our own and other language systems --- and including their origins, historic development and special applications. It is the journal's purpose, first to identify and encourage letterform research internationally, and second to pursue the natural association of experimental work in all research areas concerned with our visible language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Goodman:1970:PUR, author = "Kenneth S. Goodman", title = "Psycholinguistic Universals in the Reading Process", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "103--110", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Literate speakers in any language have two alternative surface language forms which are realizations of the same deep structure and which represent alternate encodings of the same meaning. For the proficient reader, written language becomes parallel to speech and not a secondary representation of it. Listening and reading are processes in which the language user may sample, select and predict from the available signal. Readers are users of language who process graphic, syntactic and semantic information simultaneously. Readers develop strategies for the efficient sampling of the graphic signal in relation to the syntax of their language and the concept and experiences with which the passage is concerned. The essential characteristics of the reading process are universal.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kaldor:1970:GRG, author = "Ivan L. Kaldor", title = "The Genesis of the {Russian} {{\em Grazhdanskii Shrift}} or Civil Type --- {Part II}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "111--138", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See also Part I \cite{Kaldor:1969:GRG}", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Part II of the Kaldor paper is based on the assumption that the first Russian modern type (i.e., Peter I's grazhdanskii shrift) was patterned after three basic models: (a) the late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Russian civil hands, (b) the outmoded poluustav type, and (c) the contemporaneous Western roman types. The impact of Western roman types appears to be the most significant. In his search for a particular work that might have served as a source, the author proposes the hypothesis that the roman type used in Matthias D{\"o}gen's Architectura militaris moderna and, to some extent, in Peter's favorite Symbola et emblemata were the models applied by the designer. A type-by-type analysis of the original three versions of grazhdanskii shrift is used to support the basic theory.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Foster:1970:DCF, author = "Jeremy J. Foster", title = "Directional Consistency in Form Identification", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "139--145", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "An experiment is reported, the results of which are taken to support Kolers' theory of directional consistency in letter identification. The connection between this effect and a number of studies on the identification of tachistoscopically presented patterns is commented upon. The connection between the effect and the results of experiments on visual search is also noted.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Burnhill:1970:CSW, author = "Peter Burnhill", title = "The Case for a Standard Word Space", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "146--146", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bartz:1970:EUS, author = "Barbara S. Bartz", title = "Experimental Use of the Search Task in an Analysis of Type Legibility in Cartography", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "147--167", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Search was used as an experimental task to investigate one aspect of legibility in cartographic typography. Subjects searched a variety of maps under several different conditions. There are four major conclusions from this research. For random search of the maps containing only one typeface, the typographic variation from map to map did not produce a significant effect on average search time. On mixed-type maps, search is slowed if the user has no correct expectation of the appearance of the type in which the target name will appear. On these same maps, search is greatly speeded if the user has a correct expectation of the target name appearance. Search time in a one-name task is less a function of typography than it is of many other factors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:GBC, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Goudy, Baskerville, Caslon, Bodoni}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "168--168", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Cartoon from \booktitle{The New Yorker Magazine}, 1964.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pulos:1970:CDE, author = "Arthur J. Pulos", title = "Comment: Design Education", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "169--172", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kindersley:1970:BRJ, author = "David Kindersley", title = "Book Reviews: {Jan Tschichold, \booktitle{Treasury of Alphabets and Lettering}. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1966. (Originally published in Germany, \booktitle{Meisterbuch der Schriff}. Ravensburg: Otto Maier Verlag.) 234 pages (175 pages of illustration). \$16.50. Tom Gourdie, \booktitle{A Guide to Better Handwriting}. New York: The Viking Press, 1967 (London: Studio Vista, 1967). 96 pages. \$1.95. Dana Atchley, \booktitle{ABC Design}. New York: George Wittenborn, 1965. 30 pages of illustration, some hand-written text. \$9.00. L'Harl Copeland, \booktitle{Design of the Roman Letters}. New York: Philosophical Library, 1966. ix + 66 pages, illustrated. \$3.75. Eric Lindegren, \booktitle{ABC of Lettering and Printing Types}. New York: Museum Books. Produced by Eric Lindegren Gratisk Studio, Askim, Sweden. \booktitle{Volume A}: 150 pages of illustrations, 4 pages of text, 1964. \$12.50. \booktitle{Volume B}: 293 pages of illustrations, 30 pages of text, 1965. \$15.00. \booktitle{Volume C}: 133 pages of illustrations with text, 1965. \$15.00}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "173--176", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1970:BRH, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "Book Reviews: {Herbert Spencer, \booktitle{The Visible Word}. London: Lund Humphries in association with the Royal College of Art, 1969. 107pp. 50s (New York: Hastings House, \$7.95). Ruari McLean, \booktitle{Magazine Design}. London: Oxford University Press, 1969. 354 pp. \pounds 5.5.0}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "176--178", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zapf:1970:C, author = "Hermann Zapf and Allen G. Vartabedian and Adrian Frutiger and J. A. M. Haddon and G. W. Ovink", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "179--188", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "See \cite{Vartabedian:1969:PFG,Schmoller:1968:E,Bartz:1969:TVP,Bartz:1969:SAC,Nesbitt:1971:C}.", } @Article{Baudin:1970:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "189--191", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "2", pages = "192--192", month = "Spring", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N2_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "195--198", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research} is devoted to critical investigation and experimentation that contribute to a better understanding of the role letterforms play in the communication process. ``Typography'' is interpreted in the broadest possible sense, encompassing any use or reproduction of letterforms and related symbols within our own and other language systems --- and including their origins, historic development and special applications. It is the journal's purpose, first to identify and encourage letterform research internationally, and second to pursue the natural association of experimental work in all research areas concerned with our visible language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Arnheim:1970:WTP, author = "Rudolf Arnheim", title = "Words in Their Place", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "199--212", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Although language helps thinking, it is not indispensable to thought and its structure or perceptual dimensions as a medium of thought are severely limited. What makes language valuable for thinking is our use of words to refer to other though media, such as visual imagery. Not being restricted as language is to linearity, the visual medium offers structural equivalences to all characteristics of objects, events, relationships --- in two and three dimensions. A literary image grows through accretion by amendment; a pictorial image presents itself whole, in simultaneity", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Noordzij:1970:BSC, author = "Gerrit Noordzij", title = "Broken Scripts and the Classification of Typefaces", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "213--240", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See follow-up work \cite{Tracy:1971:TDC} and comments \cite{Nesbitt:1971:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Current systems of typeface classification are fundamentally useless as they isolate type from other renderings of handwriting. Typeface design can only be understood in its relation to handwriting. The German classification system (DIN 16 518) is analyzed, and a binary classification system is suggested --- not of type only, but of writing generally. Broken type is not more German than other derivatives of the roman alphabet; its isolation has done much damage to German type design and typography.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Patteson:1970:SIA, author = "Roy K. {Patteson, Jr.}", title = "The {Siloam Inscription} and Alphabetic Origins", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "241--257", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "The Siloam Inscription is one of the most important monuments to alphabetic writing. It is, however, almost unknown to people in Western civilization. This article relates the story of its discovery and points to some of the evidence for the development of writing contained within that inscription. The acrophonic principle, upon which the inscription is based, seems to have been the invention of a domestic situation within Palestine. Theories about the origin of the alphabet are discussed, with a tenative conclusion that Palestine was the alphabet's place of origin.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Senator:1970:S, author = "Cassiodorus Senator", title = "On Scribes", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "258--258", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{An Introduction to Divine and Human Readings}, Chapter XXX; translated with an introduction and notes by Leslie Webber Jones (New York: Columbia University Press, 1946).", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", author-dates = "480--575 CE", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hunt:1970:TRR, author = "Allen Hunt", title = "{Times Roman}: a Re-assessment", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "259--270", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "In its original concept, Times Roman was an ``oldstyle'' typeface, and essentially a restyling of Monotype Plantin. It was designed for a newspaper produced under high production standards which no longer exist. Its usefulness as a newspaper text face is waning, but it has continued wide acceptance for periodicals and books, particularly in the United States. The various modifications of Times Roman --- e.g., Times Bold, Times Titling --- are discussed and illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:PAN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Proposed {American National Standard}: {Presentation} of Alphameric Characters for Information Processing", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "271--280", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brattinga:1970:BRH, author = "Pieter Brattinga and Lawrence W. Wallis", title = "Book Reviews: {Herbert Spencer. \booktitle{Pioneers of Modern Typography}. London: Lund Humphries, 1969, 162 pp. 84/-. Arthur H. Phillips. \booktitle{Computer Peripherals and Typesetting}. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1968, 665 pp. 160/- (Cloth)}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "281--284", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1970:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "285--287", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "3", pages = "288--288", month = "Summer", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N3_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "291--294", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research} is devoted to critical investigation and experimentation that contribute to a better understanding of the role letterforms play in the communication process. ``Typography'' is interpreted in the broadest possible sense, encompassing any use or reproduction of letterforms and related symbols within our own and other language systems --- and including their origins, historic development and special applications. It is the journal's purpose, first to identify and encourage letterform research internationally, and second to pursue the natural association of experimental work in all research areas concerned with our visible language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mountford:1970:SPC, author = "John Mountford", title = "Some Psycholinguistic Components of Initial Standard Literacy", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "295--306", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "Literacy is a linguistic term predicated of individuals. It means ability to use language in the medium of writing. Standard literacy is the particular kind of literacy required by educational systems, viz. literacy in a standard language. Initial standard literacy is a more adequate term for what is commonly called the teaching of reading. Five psycholinguistic components are suggested: knowledge of a standard language; knowledge of its standard orthography (distinguished from other kinds of writing systems); technical concept' of literacy; `habitudes' of literacy; basic skills of literacy (reading and writing). Literacy is also predicated of societies. The study of it, both as a psycholinguistic phenomenon and as a sociolinguistic phenomenon has been neglected in linguistics generally, just as the concept of literacy has been neglected in educational theory.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Boyle:1970:EGH, author = "Leonard E. Boyle", title = "The Emergence of {Gothic} Handwriting", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "307--316", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See letter \cite{Gilman:1972:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "During the mid-eleventh century Caroline script began to undergo significant changes. The growing market for writings, both academic and popular, demanded a small, clear and highly abbreviated style. The new Gothic script originated out of this need for compression; e.g., the fusing of opposite curves of letters where they were found back to back and the judicious use of abbreviations. The translational styles of writing are illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marck:1970:STU, author = "Louis Marck", title = "Some Thoughts of the Use and Disuse of Diacritics", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "317--326", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Champney:1971:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "The diacritics discussed here are symbols that are a part of the official spelling of various languages such as \texttt{\char`{\'\char}`{\`\char}`{\^\char}`{\"\char}`{\~}}, etc. The uncertainties and vagaries of their use or non-use in current American practice are illustrated with examples from reference works, style books and current periodical literature. Particular criticism is leveled at the inability of the printed media correctly to reproduce names from such languages as German, Czech and Polish, leaving even the cognoscenti in the dark as to proper pronunciation. Problems of information storage and retrieval as well as typewriter design are touched upon. A plea is finally made for better knowledge and international acceptance of diacritics, the alternative being a concerted international effort for their progressive abandonment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frutiger:1970:LPT, author = "Adrian Frutiger", title = "Letterforms in Photo-typography", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "327--335", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "The accelerated flow of information in today's world demands that our typography be of maximum utility and comfort to the reader. There is a trend toward universal usage of fewer text faces and toward larger sizes of reader typefaces. Differentiation must be made between material designed for sustained and for reference reading. The two basic photo-composition generation systems --- projective exposure and CRT generated --- are compared.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wormald:1970:RMM, author = "Francis Wormald", title = "Reading in the Medieval Monastery", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "336--336", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted from the author's \booktitle{The Monastic Library} in \booktitle{The Year 1200: a Background Survey}, II (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1970), 170.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Molyneux:1970:IQH, author = "Lindsay Molyneux", title = "An Index of the Quality of a Hyphenation Algorithm", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "337--341", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "During the development of hyphenation algorithms some measure of performance is needed. A single parameter index is proposed and it is suggested that it might be used to assess hyphenation algorithms in general.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kindersley:1970:LA, author = "David Kindersley", title = "Letterforms in the Arts", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "342--352", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Burnhill:1970:TEH, author = "Peter Burnhill", title = "Typographic Education: Headings in Text", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "353--365", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", abstract = "A class in typography was presented with the problem of designing a system for the allocation of intervals of space on the vertical axis of the page which would determine the grouping of a given set of textual elements. A binary progression of space units was evolved. The resulting system for paragraphs interspersed with headings of first, second and third order rank is discussed and illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:SE, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Shaw} Enough", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "366--367", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Commentary on George Bernard Shaw's proposed spelling reform of English, and on his Shavian phonetic alphabet for English. Reprinted from \booktitle{The Sunday Times} (London), 8 March 1970.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beyer:1970:C, author = "Ralph Beyer and Peter Burnhill and Nicolete Gray and James Mosley and Michael Twyman and Berthold Wolpe and {The Governors of the St.Bride Foundation} and David Ford", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "367--368", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", keywords = "Working Party on Typographic Teaching", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:BR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "369--376", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1970:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "377--379", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "380--380", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1970:IVI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume IV}", journal = j-J-TYPOGR-RES, volume = "IV", number = "4", pages = "381--384", month = "Autumn", year = "1970", ISSN = "0449-329X", ISSN-L = "0449-329X", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V4N4_1970_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "J. Typogr. Res.", fjournal = "The Journal of Typographic Research", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% ==================================================================== %%% Journal renamed to Visible Language with volume V, number 1, in %%% 1971, but volume number continues from its predecessor. Volume %%% numbers for volumes 1--24 are roman numerals; arabic numbers are %%% used for volumes 25 onward. @Article{Wrolstad:1971:VLJ, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}: The Journal for Research on the Visual Media of Language Expression. A Report from the {Editor}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "5--12", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Why would a magazine with a great name like The \booktitle{Journal of Typographic Research} decide to change it? For one thing, having to add a footnote every time the name is mentioned in order to explain its actual range of interests finally got to us. As a subscriber you will have to admit that no matter how broadly we attempt to define ``typographic research,'' it no longer adequately describes the research efforts in the field or the major concerns of this Journal. ``Typographic research'' has become a label that has to be stretched; ``visible language'' is a concept that remains to be fulfilled.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Osley:1971:CAC, author = "A. S. Osley", title = "Calligraphy --- an Aid to Cartography?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "13--32", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Calligraphic analysis goes beyond general styles of writing and kind of writing materials used; it attempts to isolate the characteristic features of a script and the scribe's personal performance. Specimens from various periods of Gerard Mercator's cartographic work are examined and compared, including a map recently discovered that, after calligraphic analysis, can be identified as almost certainly by Mercator. The importance of calligraphic analysis for determining cartographic attributions is discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bass:1971:DV, author = "Rudi Bass", title = "The Development of {Vidifont}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "33--48", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Television news broadcasting requires alphanumeric composition processes that do not depend on handsetting or photographic preparation. Vidifont, a synthetic video version of the CBS News 36 alphabet, was especially designed for television requirements: (1) proportional-width and proportionally spaced letterforms for legibility and maximum character count, and (2) a unique grid structure to reproduce ovoid letter curves and angle strokes. The development of the Vidifont is outlined and illustrated; esthetic values in electronic letterform design are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Crofts:1971:CMO, author = "Marjorie Crofts", title = "Creating a {Munduruk{\'u}} Orthography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "49--58", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Munduruk{\'u}, a Tupi language of an Amazon Basin Indian people, has had no written form. This article describes the practical problems of establishing an alphabet to match the spoken language as well as relate to Portuguese, the language of Brazil; e.g., whether or not to represent all phonemes, and basic questions on what constitutes a word, or a sentence. Printed materials in Munduruk{\'u} are illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tracy:1971:TDC, author = "Walter Tracy", title = "Type Design Classification", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "59--66", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See also previous work \cite{Noordzij:1970:BSC}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "To follow the article by Gerrit Noodzij (The Journal of Typographic Research, IV [Summer 1970], 213--240) which analyzed the German classification, an account is given of the French and German classifications. It is shown that all three schemes have the same structure though the nomenclature is different. Hope is expressed that the British classification will be acceptable in the United States.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Carpenter:1971:CSB, author = "Edmund Carpenter", title = "Comment: Not Since {Babel}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "67--74", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "We know almost nothing about the origin of language. Anthropologists don't always admit this to undergraduates, but among themselves (when they're not trying to impress anyone) they acknowledge that we don't know whether language dates from a million years ago, or half a million, or fifty thousand. There are lots of theories, but few facts-and the facts fit lots of theories.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lotz:1971:CRS, author = "John Lotz", title = "Comment: The Role of Script in Describing the Languages of the World", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "75--81", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nesbitt:1971:C, author = "Alexander Nesbitt and Gerrit Noordzij and John A. Schappler", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "82--89", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Discussion of \cite{Noordzij:1970:BSC} and \cite{Wendt:1969:X,Vartabedian:1969:PFG,Zapf:1970:C,Nadler:1972:C}", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1971:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "90--90", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1971:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "92--92", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1971:BNJ, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back Numbers of {{\booktitle{The Journal of Typographic Research}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "1", pages = "93--96", month = "Winter", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N1_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cyrus:1971:LFS, author = "Virginia J. Cyrus", title = "Linguistic Features of Scribal Spacing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "2", pages = "101--110", month = "Spring", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "In contrast to the regularity of the letterforms in hand-produced Old English manuscripts, the scribal spacings show great variation in both size and positioning. Examination of the spacings in the Tollemache manuscript of Alfred's Orosius reveals extensive patterning which can be shown to correspond with such linguistic features of the text as syntactic structures as they are identified by immediate constituent analysis. Thus, the manuscript provides graphic evidence of non-segmental features of the language which before were only indirectly inferable.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{OHara:1971:UHI, author = "F. M. {O'Hara, Jr.}", title = "Use of the Hyphen to Indicate Divided Words", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "2", pages = "111--124", month = "Spring", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Tanselle:1972:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "The unsystematic employment of hyphenation by early printers led to the author's inspection of incunabula and reproductions of manuscripts and incunabular printing. These observations showed a gradual standardization of the typographic form of the hyphen, an evolution of the phonetic division of words from arbitrary academic rules, and a slow development of the universal employment of the hyphen to indicate divided words. These trends in the history of printing suffered a reversal during the sixteenth century, and it was not until the late seventeenth century that hyphenating practices as they are observed today were generally established.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Troxel:1971:ARP, author = "Donald E. Troxel", title = "Automated Reading of the Printed Page", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "2", pages = "125--144", month = "Spring", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper is primarily concerned with the automated reading of the printed page resulting in a sequence of character codes which can be further processed to make the information available to a blind person in the form of Grade II Braille, spelled speech, or synthesized speech. Heuristics are described for automatic threshold determination, font-size determination, line and character acquisition, contour tracing, and the recognition of punctuation and characters. As the output of the reading machine for the blind is to be absorbed directly by a human, the specifications for a page reader were that the speed should be approximately equal to normal speaking rates and that the reader should make somewhat fewer mistakes than a human reader would make. The actual speed achieved was approximately 75 words per minute, which does not quite meet the speed requirement. However, the error rate specification has been met with a measured error rate of 0.07 per cent.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cleland:1971:VSR, author = "Donald L. Cleland", title = "Vocalism in Silent Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "2", pages = "145--157", month = "Spring", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "A continuing controversy has been going on as to whether vocalism in silent reading should be inhibited, encouraged, or just tolerated as part of the reading process. Past experimentation is discussed. Reported here is an investigation to determine the incidence of vocalism during silent reading by two groups of intermediate grade children: reading achievers and reading retardates. A general conclusion is that vocalism is a natural adjunct of the reading process and that at approximate times all of us use it as a secondary sensory reinforcement.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pollak:1971:DFC, author = "Michael Pollak", title = "Durability of {Fifteenth-century} Type", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "2", pages = "159--188", month = "Spring", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "From a review of references to early typecasting practices, the author computes the amount of labor required to handcast 1,000 pieces of type in the fifteenth century, and reaches a figure of fourteen man-hours. As a means of determining the ability of the type to withstand succeeding blows of the platen and the other wear brought about by setting, cleaning, and distributing the type, he applies this labor cost to the publication of a fifteenth-century book, the works of Flavius Josephus printed at Venice in 1486, postulating different sizes of editions. Working on the assumption that excessive labor costs per copy would have made this book and others like it uneconomical to produce, he concluded that incunable type was able to withstand at least 10,000 to 20,000 blows of the platen but suggests that its life expectancy was actually much higher. He supplements his cost analysis by citing other evidence to show than incunable type was fairly durable.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1971:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "2", pages = "189--191", month = "Spring", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1971:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "2", pages = "192--192", month = "Spring", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N2_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1971:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "195--196", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marcus:1971:PCP, author = "Aaron Marcus", title = "A Prototype Computerized Page-design System", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "197--220", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "The graphic designer has need for an interactive computerized design system to enable him to match the capabilities of available computerized type-editing and typesetting systems. This article describes a prototype system devised to investigate both the problems and capabilities of using computers for page design. The two aspects of the investigation are the appropriate representation of graphic material on a low resolution television-like display and the development of interactive features. The ability to add, delete, and move blocks of symbolized type and illustration on the display has the advantage that the computerized form of the final design is immediately compatible with computerized typesetting systems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gordon:1971:LNL, author = "Arthur E. Gordon", title = "Letter Names of the {Latin} Alphabet", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "221--228", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Contemporary and earlier studies of the Latin language have failed to present and discuss adequately letter names of the Latin alphabet --- in contrast, for example, with the Greek alpha, beta, gamma, etc. Several theories, and their derivation, about the letter names are presented. The ancient evidence --- from the third/second century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. --- is rather scant and not always clear. While the names of the vowels and of all the consonants except the continuants (F, L, M, N, R, S, X) seem certain, the names of these continuants seem to have undergone changes in the course of history and to be clear only toward the end of antiquity (from the fourth century A.D. on).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Yasuhara:1971:STH, author = "Makoto Yasuhara", title = "Steps toward Handwriting Analysis and Recognition", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "229--248", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "In order to introduce to the field of human handwriting recognition formal concepts which correspond to those of the analysis by synthesis method in speech analysis, a dynamic model of handwriting process is proposed. Discussion to support the proposed scheme is presented both from the theoretical and from the experimental points of view.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fontein:1971:CCZ, author = "Jan Fontein and Money L. Hickman", title = "Calligraphy of {Ch'an} and {Zen} Monks", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "249--264", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Although a dependence on words and letters was avoided in the concepts of their sect, the Ch'an and Zen monks produced a prodigious amount of written material, in book form and in handwritten documents. Believed to express the total personality of the writer, the calligraphy (bokuseki) acquired a kind of mystique. The highly personal calligraphy was not as strong an influence in China as in Japan, where it established the standard for excellence and was extensively emulated in secular society. Representative examples are shown and discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1971:EUT, author = "James Hartley and Peter Burnhill", title = "Experiments with Unjustified Text", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "265--278", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Three separate experiments are described in which various settings of unjustified text are compared: (1) passages with line endings determined by syntactic considerations were compared with passages set in a standard unjustified form; (2) passages with approximately one-third of the lines ending with hyphenated formats were compared with the same standards; (3) unjustified double-column formats of different widths were compared with each other. No significant differences in reading speed were found in any of the three experiments, although a significant sex difference was found in Experiment 3 when a scanning method was used. No significant differences were found in comprehension scores. Attitudes expressed by students in Experiments 1 and 3 tended to favor the shorter lines with more uneven endings.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1971:BRN, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {E. Nicolette Gray, \booktitle{Lettering as Drawing: The Moving Line} [volume 1] and \booktitle{Contour and Silhouette} [volume 2]. London: Oxford University Press, 1970. 96 pages each with many black and white illustrations. 75 new pence. Paperbacks}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "279--281", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Champney:1971:C, author = "Freeman Champney and Louis Marck", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "282--283", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Marck:1970:STU}. Louis Marck also comments on the too-similar appearance of `b` and `h' in Monotype Garamond (Series 156 Italic).", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1971:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "285--287", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1971:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "3", pages = "288--288", month = "Summer", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N3_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1971:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "291--292", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Coe:1971:AMW, author = "Michael D. Coe", title = "Ancient {Maya} Writing and Calligraphy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "293--307", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Maya hieroglyphic writing was carved on stone monuments, written in bark-paper codices, and painted upon funerary pottery. The stone inscriptions, formerly thought to record only calendrical information, have been found to contain dynastic histories. The codices treat exclusively of ritual matters, while the texts and pictures on the pottery are concerned with the perilous voyage of the soul to the underworld. The script evolved from a highly pictographic system into one that had a strong phonetic-syllabic component. As calligraphy, Maya writing was a basically painterly art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{GT:1971:DNJ, author = "{Group Typo}", title = "Design of a New {Japanese} Typeface: {Typos}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "309--317", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "The Japanese language is a formidable one for those who are concerned with the design and the use of the printed word. Because the Japanese language employs the kanji, the hiragana, and the katakana for writing, the task of designing a new typeface involves the design of over 1,000 characters so that they will blend together when used interchangeably in an almost unlimited number of combinations. The theory and construction method used to create Typo, a new Japanese typeface, are discussed and illustrated in comparison with existing characters.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Basu:1971:LMA, author = "Hella Basu", title = "Letterforms as a Medium for Artistic Expression", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "319--330", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Although the major function of writing is transmitting verbal communication, the variety and beauty of man's letterforms indicate several important non-verbal considerations. Pattern-forming properties of letterforms can be explored as artistic expression independent of verbal meaning, but optical elements must be related to verbal ones. The author's development of calligraphic ``visual aids'' for classroom use is discussed, and a selection of these is illustrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anderson:1971:CHC, author = "Donald M. Anderson", title = "{Cresci} and His Capital Alphabet", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "331--352", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "Renaissance art was marked by a vigorous adaptation of classical themes, and in restyling roman capital letters no one approached the excellence of Giovan Francesco Cresci. In Il perfetto scrittore, parte seconda, published in 1570, Cresci mastered the combinations of classical elements with his own refined style. In contrast to those who were obsessed with divina propotione and who sought to interpret the roman letters through compass and rule, Cresci's alphabets were derived from ancient sources such as the inscription of Trajan's column. The drift in Cresci's thinking toward a closer allegiance to the classical letters is shown through his selection of proportion; his serifs show modification to forms closer to calligraphy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Robinson:1971:WSI, author = "David Owen Robinson and Michael Abbamonte and Selby H. Evans", title = "Why Serifs are Important: the Perception of Small Print", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "353--359", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", abstract = "The use of serif type styles has continued to dominate printing since the introduction of sans-serif type a century and a half ago. Several theories are considered to account for the continued popularity of the older typefaces. It is suggested that the neurological structure of the human visual system benefits from serifs in the preservation of the main features of letters during neural processing. A computer simulation of visual processing supports this theory, and suggestions are made concerning the function of serifs in letters of different sizes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bauries:1971:RBG, author = "Fred Bauries", title = "Research in Brief: Graphic Trends in Consumer Magazine Advertising, 1938--1968", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "360--364", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Smith:1971:RBG, author = "John M. Smith and Maxwell E. McCombs", title = "Research in Brief: The Graphics of Prose", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "365--369", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1971:BRE, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {Edward Johnstone, \booktitle{Formal Penmanship}. London: Lund Humphries, 1971. 160 pages of text, 20 pages of plates. \pounds 5.80}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "370--372", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Gilman:1972:C}: Johnstone should be Johnston.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{vanKrimpen:1971:C, author = "Huib van Krimpen and {The Educational Committee of A. Typ. I.} and {Peter Burnhill}", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "373--376", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Comments on the financial and copyright relations between type designers and typefounders, on the teaching of writing and lettering, and disapproval of the journal name change.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1971:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "377--379", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1971:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "380--380", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1971:IVV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume V}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "V", number = "4", pages = "381--384", month = "Autumn", year = "1971", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V5N4_1971_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "3--4", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Powell:1972:OSS, author = "Marvin A. {Powell, Jr.}", title = "The Origin of the Sexagesimal System: Interaction of Language and Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "5--18", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "The origin of the sexagesimal system has been much debated, but all past theories have neglected the linguistic evidence of the ancient cuneiform lexica. The problem or origin is twofold: (1) the origin of counting with sixty as a base and (2) the origin of sexagesimal place notation. The first problem is linguistic and anthropological in nature and must be studied through the ancient lexica. The second can be elucidated by a combined analysis of the Sumerian number words and the symbols used to represent them. Such an analysis indicated that sexagesimal place notation arose from an interaction between the numerational framework of the Sumerian language and the symbols used to write those numbers, but the sudden appearance of place notation about 2050 B.C. indicates that the final step toward the creation of place notation was an act of conscious invention.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Seaman:1972:DVP, author = "David W. Seaman", title = "The Development of Visual Poetry in {France}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "19--44", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "Poems which contain visual elements in their construction --- e.g., pattern poems and acrostics --- are often considered isolated aberrations. By examining literature in Europe and especially in France, one can discern a fairly continuous tradition of visual poetry. Beginning in antiquity and recurring in every period of western civilization, visual stimuli in writing and typography are applied to the composition of poetry. Although at first they are usually incidental or decorative, by the nineteenth century they are considered valid attributes of serious poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Furby:1972:DWP, author = "Lita Furby", title = "Development of Word Perception and Problem Solving Strategies", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "45--58", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "This study examines the nature of children's word perception, focusing on both the developmental changes in the perceptual process itself (in terms of the ability to decenter) and the role these changes play in determining choice of strategy in a problem solving situation (anagrams). It also demonstrates the importance of individual differences (in spatial ability) as a source of information about developmental processes and changes in perception and cognition. Eight, eleven, and fourteen year-olds solve anagrams of various types and took several aptitude tests. The results give support to Piaget's formulation of perceptual development and demonstrate the role of both perceptual development and individual aptitude differences in children's problem solving strategies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wells:1972:WBR, author = "James Wells", title = "The Work of {Bruce Rogers}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "59--78", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "No designer has played a more influential role in the revival of the typographic arts in America than Bruce Rogers (1870--1957). His work spanned half a century; its significant contributions is based on his adaptation of historic styles to machine production while maintaining the highest possible design and technical standards. Rogers' approach was that of an artist (rather than that of a scholar or a practicing printer), while he demonstrated with remarkable versatility --- from the playful limited editions to the majesty of the Oxford Bible.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lotz:1972:SBS, author = "John Lotz", title = "A Select Bibliography on Script and Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "79--80", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stauffacher:1972:HAT, author = "Jack W. Stauffacher", title = "Homage to {Alberto Tallone}, 1898--1960", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "81--89", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "Alberto Tallone was a printer/publisher/book typographer/type designer with a keen eye for excellent literature (a friend of Pablo Neruda) and fine typography.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tanselle:1972:C, author = "G. Thomas Tanselle", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "90--91", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{OHara:1971:UHI,Gilman:1972:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1972:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "92--95", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = "Winter", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N1_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1972:ER, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Editor}'s Report", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "99--108", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Haugen:1973:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Solt:1972:TVC, author = "Mary Ellen Solt", title = "Typography and the Visual Concrete Poem", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "109--122", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "The visual concrete poet is concerned with the relationship of typography to meaning. Constructive poetry uses the lower-case, sans-serif letter almost exclusively. Increasingly poets are finding this practice too restrictive and are following the example of Mallarm{\'e}, who used typography expressively. The early manifestoes of concrete poetry emphasized Mallarm{\'e}'s influence in the direction of spatial syntax and ideogrammic construction. It needs to be recognized that visual concrete poetry relates to all the stages of ideogrammic development and that the kind of ideogram the poet is presenting will influence his typographical choices. If concrete poetry is to remain a viable new genre, its visual potential must be liberated rather than restricted.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{David:1972:PDL, author = "Robert E. David", title = "Proposal for a Diagrammatic Language for Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "123--137", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "Environmental design as a process is a communication activity wherein the designer continuously formulates, records, and presents developing ideas using his vernacular, sketches, working drawings, and models. The success of the design solution depends to a certain extent on the sophistication of the communication tools used; there is a significant lack of sophistication in the tools used in the transition of ideas between the initial verbal phases and the final visual phases. This paper proposes a notational language of diagrammatic elements to provide the designer with a communication tool that permits him to visualize basic design ideas at a high level of abstraction. The primitive elements of this language represent a set of ideas that, in various combinations, recurrently make up the basic entities of various problems in environmental design.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lamaitre:1972:ACM, author = "?. Lama{\^\i}tre", title = "{Albert Camus} and the Men of the Stone", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "138--138", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "From the article: ``He [Camus] really impressed us on his wedding day. I was touched by the way he got married --- so simple, with three or four typographers as the wedding procession.'' \ldots{} ``Camus spent more time at the composing room than in the editorial offices\ldots{}''", xxnote = "Check; the author name is printed Lama{\^\i}tre, but the gender is wrong: the name should likely be Lema{\^\i}tre.", } @Article{Stern:1972:OPE, author = "Henry R. Stern", title = "The Orthographic Practices of {Elias Molee}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "139--149", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See letter \cite{Haugen:1973:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "In proposing an artificial language for international consideration, one must first have devised an efficient orthographic system. After a brief introduction to the concept of international languages and to Molee's background and motivation, this paper describes the orthographic techniques he employed in a series of works over a period of 25 years. Upon examination, these works show an unmistakable trend. The initial efforts are characterized by innovation and experimentation. In attempting to create an acceptable phonetic alphabet, he first employed phonetic symbols, variations of standard letters, and even letters he designed himself. Later efforts, however, remain within the framework of conventional symbols. This can be explained by the necessity of gaining the favor and support of printers. That Molee's efforts were in the long run unsuccessful is due not to any inherent weakness in his orthographic system but rather to the general failure of artificial languages themselves.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Scott:1972:GPC, author = "Myrtle Scott", title = "Grapheme--Phoneme Correspondence in Beginning Reading of Disadvantaged Five-Year-Olds", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "151--165", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments and corrections \cite{Downing:1973:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "This study was designed to investigate the effect of grapheme-phoneme correspondence on word acquisition in beginning readers. Two groups of disadvantaged children were taught word acquisition skills, one group using a non-controlled grapheme-phoneme correspondence orthography, standard English, while the other group used a controlled grapheme-phoneme correspondence orthography, the Initial Teaching Alphabet. No differences were found between groups as a function of orthography used. Significant differences did appear as a function of level of word familiarity with familiar words being identified more easily than unfamiliar ones. Irregular words were identified significantly more easily than regular ones, which was contrary to the prediction, and was explained in terms of a model of stages of development of word recognition skills.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:IYB, author = "Anonymous", title = "[1972 --- International Year of the Book]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "166--166", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1972:EIU, author = "Dirk Wendt and Hans Weckerle", title = "On Effects of Indentation and Underlining in Reference Work", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "167--171", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "An experimental study with 252 10- to 12-year-old pupils as subjects investigated the effects of indentation and underlining of keywords in reference work. It was assumed that indentation and underlining would make it easier to recognize word shapes, and that this effect would be stronger with the familiar shapes of meaningful words than with nonsense words. Results showed that only indentation made recognition faster, but not underlining; and that this effect was equally strong with meaningful and nonsense words. In total, nonsense words were recognized 17\% slower than meaningful material.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Coleman:1972:BBC, author = "A. D. Coleman", title = "{Bonnie Baldwin Collier}'s delightful {{\booktitle{Thesis Box}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "172--172", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/v6n2_1972_e.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{vanKrimpen:1972:BRA, author = "Huib van Krimpen and Fernand Baudin", title = "Book Reviews: {Albert Kapr. \booktitle{Schriftkunst. Geschichte, Anatomie und Sch{\o}nheit der lateinischen Buchstaben}. Dresden: VEB Verlag der Kunst, 1971. 11 3/4 $ \times $ 8 1/2 inches, 468 pages, 465 illustrations, 321 type specimens. Price 70 MDN (approx. \$18.00). W. P. Jaspert, W. T. Berry, A F. Johnson, \booktitle{The Encyclopaedia of Typefaces}, 4th ed. (London: Blandford Press, 1970)}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "173--181", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:INI, author = "Anonymous", title = "{{\booktitle{ICOGRAPHIC: a New International Design Quarterly}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "181--181", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nadler:1972:C, author = "Morton Nadler and Dirk Wendt and Trilokesh Mukherjee", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "182--187", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Wendt:1969:X,Nesbitt:1971:C,vanKrimpen:1971:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1972:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "188--191", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "2", pages = "192--192", month = "Spring", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N2_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "195--196", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Steiner:1972:AB, author = "George Steiner", title = "After the Book?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "197--210", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See replies \cite{Brain:1972:FRG}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "The book as we know it has been a significant phenomenon for only a relatively short span of history --- about a century and a half --- only in certain areas and in certain cultures. Today, the enveloping matrix of our intellectual and emotional lives is not a reader's climate. The status of the book is changing, as is the make-up of the ``language-world'' we inhabit. The written word has become a caption for the visual and the musical image. Our verbal inheritance is caught between the semi-literacy of the mass market and the minutia of the specialist. The written word persists, but new forms for its circulation will bring alterations of our sensibilities and modification in our habits of discovery.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brain:1972:FRG, author = "John V. Brain and Norman S. Fiering and John Freeman and Leland E. Warren", title = "Four Replies to {George Steiner}'s Address to the {Ferguson Seminar in Publishing}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "211--228", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Steiner:1972:AB}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "Responses to George Steiner with regard to the following. The book as we know it has been a significant phenomenon for only a relatively short span of history --- about a century and a half --- only in certain areas and in certain cultures. Today, the enveloping matrix of our intellectual and emotional lives is not a reader's climate. The status of the book is changing, as is the make-up of the ``language-world'' we inhabit. The written word has become a caption for the visual and the musical image. Our verbal inheritance is caught between the semi-literacy of the mass market and the minutia of the specialist. The written word persists, but new forms for its circulation will bring alterations of our sensibilities and modification in our habits of discovery.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Greene:1972:MMO, author = "Gordon K. Greene", title = "From Mistress to Master: The Origins of Polyphonic Music and as a Visible Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "229--253", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "Music is affected by the notation in which it is recorded. The system of notation devised between 900 and 1200 A.D. in the West allowed composers to be analytical about simultaneous sounds; subsequent development of vocal and instrumental art music is a direct outgrowth of that medieval interest in harmony and the notation that allowed its studious investigation. That notation employs principles familiar today. A system for specifying rhythmic values was introduces in the twelfth century, with the result that separate voice parts could be distributed on an expensive parchment page more economically. Score arrangement returned with the mass production of paper. A vast increase in the number of rhythmic signs around 1325 led composers to explore the limits of their notation, with the result that much of the late fourteeth-century repertory was written in an extremely complex manner; composers became interested in the visual appearance of a composition and designed staff lines in the shape of a harp, a heart, a circle, etc.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ohlgren:1972:VLO, author = "Thomas H. Ohlgren", title = "Visual Language in the {Old English \booktitle{Cadmonian Genesis}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "253--276", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "Although considerable scholarly attention has been focused on the narrative as a literary form in medieval literature, literary scholars have generally ignored the extensive cycles of illuminations, or pictorial narratives, which accompany some of these texts. This paper considers the ways in which the artist of one biblical narrative, the Old English Caefmonian Genesis (Bodleian Library, MS Junius II), successfully created a consecutive series of visual episodes which correspond to the narrative sequence of the poetic text. The artist and the poet formulated a progressive chain of incidents, organized to tell a story. The illustration, furthermore, reveal the artist's awareness of the poem's content, theme, and style. The drawings not only approximate visually the iconography of the poem and highlight the poem's theme, but they stimulate in a visual language the rhetorical structure and stylistic features of the poem itself. Emphasis will be placed on the artist's creation of visual type-scenes and a symbolic color code. The paper begins with a consideration of three types of literary criticism through art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:CRC, author = "Anonymous", title = "On the Cover: a Rubbing of a {Claudian} Bronze Tablet", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "277--278", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:EDP, author = "Anonymous", title = "Experimental Design Pages", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "280--280", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gilman:1972:C, author = "E. W. Gilman and Alf K. Ebsen and Peter Burnhill and Roy Brewer and Colin Banks and Mark {Ash II} and Harry Duncan", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "281--284", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Tanselle:1972:C,Banks:1971:BRE,Boyle:1970:EGH}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1972:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "285--287", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "3", pages = "288--288", month = "Summer", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N3_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gough:1972:OSR, author = "Philip B. Gough", title = "One Second of Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "291--320", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "Two general topics are discussed: (1) the sequence of events that transpire in one second of reading, to suggest the nature of the processes that link them; and (2) the relation of this description to the acquisition of reading. Reading involves a rapid succession of intricate events --- formation of visual icon, letter-by-letter identification, and association with meaning through transposition into abstract phonemic representation --- carried out with amazing rapidity and coordination in our complex information processing system. When first approaching reading, the child lacks the character recognition device (the scanner) and the device to convert the characters, once recognized, into systematic phonemic representations (the decoder). Specification of the mechanism by which letters are mapped onto entries in our mental lexicon is the fundamental problem of reading research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marcus:1972:TEC, author = "Susan Marcus", title = "The Typographic Element in Cubism, 1911--1915: Its Formal and Semantic Implications", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "321--340", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "Between 1911 and 1915 Braque and Picasso experimented with formal considerations of the typographic element. The two-dimensional quality of alphabetical and numerical symbols complemented the artists' attempt to find a new means for depicting three-dimensional objects within the format of the canvas. The typographic element assisted in the evolution of collage by encouraging the replacement of painted symbols with actual objects pasted to the canvas. The idea of a letter-word-number form as a sign representing a concept to which the sign bears no physical resemblance also provided semantic implications that these artists explored. In working with the typographic element, the cubists acknowledged a common interest shared with contemporaries in literature and science.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ovink:1972:CRT, author = "G. W. Ovink", title = "Changing Responsibilities of the Typographic Designer", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "341--354", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "At our present level of audio-visual output, we are faced with a sensory overload. The typographic designer must help cut this ``mental pollution'' by insisting on less and better-designed print. He must increase his understanding of both the readers' and the clients' attitudes and responses --- while maintaining his unique contribution as a graphic designer. Primarily through broadened education and research awareness he must develop as a general ``informatician.'' The typographic designer is not playing his rightful role in the development of new printing technology. He must assert leadership for flexible development of the new processes, based on his responsibility as the reader's representative and on the age-old traditions of graphic communication.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bedno:1972:PDV, author = "Ed Bedno", title = "Program for Developing Visual Symbols", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "355--363", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", abstract = "A programmed procedure involving discrete visual and verbal steps to stimulate the creative processes involved in visual design is presented. The program was used by students in a design school as a guide to the design of visual symbols. The resulting level of performance was generally quite high. Results tend to indicate that this procedure is an accelerated and efficient method for extending the student's awareness of the possibility of conscious creativity.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:DVS, author = "Anonymous", title = "Design a visual symbol for `visible language' --- Win a ten-year subscription to {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "364--364", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bourdon:1972:CWA, author = "David Bourdon", title = "Cover: Words about {Ed Ruscha}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "365--368", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Foster:1972:BRF, author = "Jeremy J. Foster", title = "Book Reviews: {Frank Smith, \booktitle{Understanding Reading: a Psycholinguistic Analysis of Reading and Learning to Read}, New York: Holt, Rinehart \& Winston, 1971. xiv + 239 pages, \$4.95 paper. John Gilliland, \booktitle{Readability}. London: University of London Press, 1972. 127 pages. 80p.}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "369--373", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Greenfield:1972:TEW, author = "Patricia M. Greenfield and Jerome S. Bruner", title = "The Training Embodied in Written Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "374--374", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpt from the authors' \booktitle{Work with the Wolog}, Psychology Today (July 1971), pages 78--79.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "375--376", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1972:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "377--379", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "380--380", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1972:IVV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume VI}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VI", number = "4", pages = "381--384", month = "Autumn", year = "1972", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 17:57:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V6N4_1972_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:WBM, author = "Anonymous", title = "Have We Bitten Off More Than We Can Chew? {A} Reappraisal of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} for Its 25th Issue", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "5--18", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Commentary on the journal by numerous letter writers.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Olson:1973:GLP, author = "Richard A. Olson", title = "{Greek} Letterforms on the {Parthian} Drachms", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "19--40", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "One of the most unusual coinages in antiquity was the coinage of the Parthian empire, largest of the later Hellenistic empires. The Parthians were a non-Greek people who used Greek as their first official language of state and as the predominant language on their coins. Their most common denomination, the silver drachm, bore Greek legends for almost half a millennium, and the letterforms underwent a significant transformation in the process. Since the coinage constitutes the largest body of primary source material extant concerning ancient Parthia, that transformation is of significant interest to the classification historian.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tritt:1973:LCS, author = "Carleton S. Tritt", title = "The Language of Capitalization in {Shakespeare}'s First Folio", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "41--50", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "The traditional approaches to Elizabethan capitalization --- conventional noun grouping and contextual emphasis --- fail to deal adequately with the many inconsistencies in the age's practice of capitalization. In addition they do not disclose the Elizabethan use of the capital letter as a linguistic indicator of the various emotional connotations of words. By using a representative sample of 11 of the 36 plays in Shakespeare's first folio, it is possible to show through patterns of capitalization frequency how the compositors of the folio used the capital letter to indicate connotations of emotional charge, elevation, uniqueness, and poetic respectability in a variety of words and word groupings.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1973:VLE, author = "Sharon H. Poggenpohl", title = "{Visible Language}: an Experimental Course", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "51--61", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "An experimental course, Visible Language, at the Institute of Design in Chicago is discussed. The course consists of five problems which are presented in terms of the problem statement and intention, together with examples of solutions from first-year students. The problems range from spontaneous visual language response to perceptual experience, through content-form explorations, ending with a cooperative venture in communication.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Proust:1973:ROE, author = "Marcel Proust", title = "``{Reading}, in its original essence\ldots{}''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "62--62", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "From the author's \booktitle{On Reading} (translated and edited by Jean Autret and William Burford). New York: Macmillan, 1971; p. 31.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Timko:1973:DTT, author = "Henry G. Timko", title = "The Discrimination of Three Types of Graphic Stimuli", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "63--72", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Forty 4-year-olds and forty 6-year-olds were tested on a matching-to-sample discrimination task to determine the relationship between social class status and the visual perception of graphic stimuli which were matched according to critical feature transformations. English letters, letter-like forms, and line-drawings of faces with embedded letters were equally divided into two confusability levels and three task levels. Analysis of variance on error scores revealed differences between age groups, stimulus types, confusability levels, and task levels. Social class differences were observed on highly confusable English letters among 6-year-olds but not among the 4-year-olds. No significant age by social class differences were found on letter-like forms or faces.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hochuli:1973:BRE, author = "Jost Hochuli", title = "Book Review: {Edward M. Catich's \booktitle{The Origin of the Serif} Davenport, Iowa: The Catfish Press, St. Ambrose College, 1968. 8 1/2 $ \times $ 11 1/4 inches, xii + 310 pages. \$24.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "73--91", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See letter \cite{Palladino:1974:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1973:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Tony {\'E}vora", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "93--95", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = "Winter", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N1_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "99--100", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hewes:1973:EFR, author = "Gordon W. Hewes", title = "An Explicit Formulation of the Relationship Between Tool-Using, Tool-Making, and Emergence of Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "101--127", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "If man's propositional language did not begin with speech, but with a manual gesture or sign-language system, a plausible model can be built in which tool-making and tool-using play an important part in language emergence. Even in modern speaking cultures, we learn to use tools or weapons mainly by observation of their use by others, and by signs and gestures --- rather than through speech. The motor and neural elements involved in manipulation of objects and in gestural communication are very similar. The fundamental visual basis of human cognition is stressed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Walker:1973:QB, author = "Martin Walker", title = "{{\tt Qwerty birthday}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "128--128", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "A hundred years ago last week Christopher Latham Sholes sold the idea of a production typewriter to Remington, the American gun and sewing machine worker.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:1973:VIE, author = "Daniel Friedman", title = "A View: Introductory Education in Typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "129--144", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Design schools which deal with typography are plagued with inviable conventions, the phase out of typography as a handcraft, and an inaccessibility to the potentials of the newer, more complex, typesetting systems. Typographic form is being taught in terms of outdated mechanics and popular fashions; no teaching methodology exists which will transcend the technical and stylistic and deal only with the generically perceptual or visual. The author shows examples of a simple typography exercise regarding simplicity and complexity, rhythmic structure, coherency, convention, unpredictability, legibility and readability.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Downing:1973:LAE, author = "John Downing", title = "Is Literacy Acquisition Easier in Some Languages Than in Others?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "144--154", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "It is frequently asserted that the Chinese logographic writing system is more difficult to learn than the English alphabetic system. This view seems to be based chiefly on the belief that the large number of Chinese characters is a heavy burden on the student. But this may be a misconception for two reasons: (1) there are far more items to be learned in the English system than is generally recognized; (2) the sheer number of characters to be learned is not in itself an important psychological factor. What is more important is the extent of redundancy in the system. Numerous alternatives may conceal the nature of the written code from the beginner and cause confusion. This and other variables in the writing system may prevent the child from perceiving that writing and print are indeed ``visible language.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Barber:1973:FEW, author = "E. J. W. Barber", title = "Formal Economy of Written Signs", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "155--166", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Those portions of a sign's shape which are distinctive, yet in themselves valueless, can be viewed as forming a system. Such systems have ranged historically from the very loose to the very tight. When the possibilities of arranging these elements are also considered, the great range in economy of design becomes even more apparent. Our own roman script, in fact, is rather inefficient it these terms; Morse Code, on the other hand, is quite efficient, though not perfect. It might prove useful to develop other scripts based on these principles of internal economy. But economy of form is not the same as efficiency of use: it is merely one possible component of efficiency, and must be carefully distinguished as such.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1973:RBS, author = "James Hartley and Susan J. Timson and Peter Burnhill", title = "Research in Brief: Subjective Preference and Retrieval of Information from Reference Materials", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "167--170", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Adapted from the introduction to the author's \booktitle{Archives in the Ancient World}, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Visual typographic access to listings of resources is the subject of this research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Posner:1973:EAA, author = "Ernest Posner", title = "Excerpt: Archives in the {Ancient World}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "171--178", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Focusing on archives in Greece, Rome, Egypt and Meopotamia, the article compares archival criteria with the present day practice and finds similarities including: (1) law, (2) administrative action, (3) accounting, (4) land records and ownership, (5) control over people with regard to servitude and taxation and (6) business transactions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moran:1973:CFR, author = "James Moran", title = "Comment: The Future Role of the Printing Historical Society", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "179--180", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Standard:1973:BRO, author = "Paul Standard", title = "Book Review: {A. S. Osley: \booktitle{LUMINARIO. An Introduction to the Italian Writing-Books of the 16th and 17th Centuries}. xiii + 173 pp. with 116 illustrations; plus checklist of 105 first edns; bibl. of 113 items, \& full index; clothbound sm. folio with paper wrapper. Nieuwkoop\slash Netherlands: Miland Publishers, 1972. Price \pounds 21.50 or \$56.50}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "181--188", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Praz:1973:SC, author = "Mario Praz", title = "A Secret of Calligraphy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "189--189", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Extract from the author's \booktitle{Mnemosyne: The Parallel between Literature and the Visual Arts}. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970; pp. 25--27.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1973:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "190--191", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "2", pages = "192--192", month = "Spring", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N2_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:APP, author = "Anonymous", title = "Announcement: MIT Press to Publish {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "195--195", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "197--198", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Harary:1973:T, author = "Frank Harary", title = "Typographs", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "199--208", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "This article was received for publication on January 11, 1970, at which time the name of this journal was as in reference [2] (Journal of Typographic Research). It was circulated in preprint form and inspired the insightful and interesting paper: J. A. Bondy, \booktitle{The ``graph theory'' of the Greek alphabet}. \booktitle{Graph theory and applications} (Y. Alavi, et al., eds.), Berlin: Springer, 1972. Pp. 43--54. This article was prepared with the assistance of Linda Bidelman.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Typographs are defined as graphs derived from letters. A method for classification of letters by their underlying graphical structure is illustrated. A classification of the upper-case roman letters is presented, and tables of typographs are compiled as well for the roman numerals and the lower-case script letters. The possibility of devising new alphabets is mentioned.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Blesser:1973:CRB, author = "B. Blesser and R. Shillman and C. Cox and T. Kuklinsky and J. Ventura and M. Eden", title = "Character Recognition Based on Phenomenological Attributes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "209--223", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "A theoretical approach is suggested for describing upper-case letters not in terms of the physical attributes of their archetypes but in terms of more general descriptions of their underlying representations. A method is presented for finding these general descriptions through the study of ambiguous characters. Functional attributes are the describers of the underlying representations of letters. The relations between the physical attributes of the input character and the functional attributes that specify its identity are given in part by graphical context rules which incorporate the stylistic consistency within the character itself and its neighbors. The implications of our theory of characters to the areas of computerized character recognition and type design are noted.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Golomb:1973:FBF, author = "Solomon W. Golomb", title = "Forth and Back and Forth", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "224--224", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted from an article by the author in the \booktitle{Harvard Bulletin}, March 1972.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Douglass:1973:RBB, author = "Malcolm P. Douglass", title = "Reading Between and Beyond the Lines", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "225--234", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Adapted from the author's keynote address to the Fortieth Annual Claremont Reading Conference (Claremont, Calif. 91711) in February 1973.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Rather than be bound by traditional assumptions about reading --- e.g., that learning to read is a difficult task for a child and counter to his natural learning processes --- we should view reading holistically. A child's earliest attempts at handling visible language symbols parallel his earliest efforts to speak and to listen, and these attempts emerge naturally as a part of normal human development. We can teach reading only indirectly. Our efforts should nurture the spontaneous nature of language learning and should provide the climate and opportunity for a child to write and to read in the broadest possible context --- including the ``reading'' of symbols, gestures, works of art, etc.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Viehmeyer:1973:GLC, author = "L. Allen Viehmeyer", title = "{Gothic} Letterforms and {{\booktitle{Codex Vindobonensis}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "235--246", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Traditionally the Gothic bishop Wulfila (c. 311--c. 383) is credited with the development of Gothic alphabetic letters. The Gothic documents which have come down to us from the fifth and early sixth century exhibit letterforms and scribal practices which have led to various hypotheses about the source(s) of the Gothic letterforms. Although the existence of Gothic alphabets in Codex Vindobonensis has been long known, the lack of an adequate appraisal of the alphabets has led to their neglect. An appraisal is offered here which attaches great significance to these alphabets as evidence of an early phase in the development of Gothic letterforms, and hence of prime importance for a derivation of the Gothic alphabet.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cushman:1973:CST, author = "Donald R. Cushman", title = "The Cue Summation Theory Tested with Meaningful Verbal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "247--260", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "No previous studies pertaining to Hartman's Cue Summation Theory (``Redundant information simultaneously presented by the audio and the visual channels results in greater efficiency in learning than does the same information in either channel alone.'') could be found which utilized meaningful verbal information as stimulus material. Students were presented fitting this criterion and were tested for affective responses and cognitive recall. Comparisons of results were made between three separate presentation procedures: audio along, visual along, and combined audiovisual. Comparisons of affective responses did not indicate significant differences, but analyses of cognitive data showed the combined audiovisual treatment resulting in half the number of errors as either the audio or the visual treatments alone.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Venturi:1973:ELV, author = "Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour", title = "Excerpt: Learning from {Las Vegas}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "261--270", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted from the authors' \booktitle{Learning from Las Vegas} (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1972), xviii + 188 pages, \$25.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "A class of postmodern thinking is excerpted with particular attention to the sign value of the environment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Neruda:1973:OT, author = "Pablo Neruda", title = "Ode to Typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "271--275", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Translated from the Spanish by Carlos Lozano; it appeared in the \booktitle{Chicago Review}, Vol. 17, No. 1 (1964).", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "A poem describing typographic aesthetics and significance. A brief description of an organization and its mandate.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Downing:1973:C, author = "John Downing", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "276--277", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Scott:1972:GPC}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1973:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "278--279", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "3", pages = "280--280", month = "Summer", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N3_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "283--284", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hoffman:1973:VSI, author = "William E. Hoffman", title = "Vision, Sign, and Inference", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "285--309", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "In this paper I defend the thesis that perceiving --- and by implication, vision --- is inferential or semiotic. Whenever a person sees an object, that object's stimulation of the perceiver functions as a sign that is interpreted in the conscious response of the perceiver; the stimulation functions as a premise from which the perceiver infers a conclusion which is a conscious response. The argument has two basic steps. (1) Perception is a three-termed relationship between the object perceived, a mediating element, and a conscious response; certain facts about how we perceive with the minor sense are taken into account, and cases of identical stimuli resulting in different responses are suggested as evidence that perception is mediated. (2) This mediating element takes the form of a sign which is interpreted by the conscious response, or a set of premises for which the conscious response is a conclusion; some of Charles Sanders Peirce's ideas about perception and signs are developed --- especially his concept of a percept and a perceptual judgment, and his classification of signs. There is an important similarity between the perceptual world taken as a system of signs and the system of signs we ordinarily think of as visible language. Just as we learn to read, we learn to perceive.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Coleman:1973:G, author = "A. Coleman", title = "Graphicacy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "310--310", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted from the author's note in the December 1972 \booktitle{Cartographic Journal}, Journal of the British Cartographic Society.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kindersley:1973:SC, author = "David Kindersley", title = "Space Craft", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "311--324", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "The proper fit or spacing of letters has been next to impossible using the type-bearing metal rectangular forms required by typographic engineering; rather, it has required the letter-by-letter attention of an artist/letterer. The advent of film composition and computer technology makes possible again the proper coordination of spacing and design of letterforms. In typography, space and letter are one. Optically adjusted text spacing will require attention to the subtleties of each letter's optical center and the inner forces involved in our eyes' perception of these letterforms. The author's Optical Letter Spacer is described, and its application for reading research is discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lehman:1973:HLM, author = "C. L. Lehman", title = "Handwriting Legibility: a Method of Objective Evaluation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "325--344", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "A rationale and method is presented for objective evaluation of handwriting according to legibility criteria for the roman alphabet and its slanted version, italic: letter angle, letter length, spacing between letters, and the shaping of counter spaces. Inaccurate performance of letters according to these criteria reduces legibility in our roman-reading culture in proportion to deviation from the system of visual order. Measurement procedures and a flowchart description of the computer process are given. Preliminary findings of a being made between the commonly taught printscript and a simple italic hand are noted and identified for potential use in modification of curriculum design and teaching practices.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pollack:1973:PDI, author = "Michael Pollack", title = "The {Prophetess Deborah} and the Invention of Printing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "345--350", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "A colophon in one of the earliest dated imprints in the Hebrew language (1475) extols the mystery and power of the newly invented printing press. Seemingly unnoticed by printing and bibliographical scholars working outside the area of Hebraica, the colophon is translated into English and its poetic composition discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wright:1973:RBU, author = "Patricia Wright", title = "Research in Brief: Understanding Tabular Displays", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "351--359", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", abstract = "Alternative representations of tabular information is presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Conway:1973:CSG, author = "Patricia Conway", title = "Cover: Subway Graffiti in {New York City}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "360--362", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "From an article by the author, \booktitle{Subway Graffiti: The Message from Underground}. \booktitle{Print}, XXVII (May\slash June 1973), 25--32.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1973:BRA, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {Allen Hutt. \booktitle{Fournier: The Compleat Typographer}. London: Frederick Muller Ltd, 1973 \pounds 4.50}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "363--364", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "The author of this book, Allen Hutt, died in August, 1973.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Haugen:1973:C, author = "Einar Haugen and Louis Marck and David Abercrombie", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "365--369", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Stern:1972:OPE,Wrolstad:1972:ER}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1973:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "370--371", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "372--372", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1973:IVV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume VI}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VII", number = "4", pages = "373--376", month = "Autumn", year = "1973", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V7N4_1973_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "1", pages = "3--4", month = "Winter", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Herrick:1974:TAS, author = "Earl M. Herrick", title = "A Taxonomy of Alphabets and Scripts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "1", pages = "5--32", month = "Winter", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper describes a taxonomy or system of classification to describe alphabets and to show the various degrees of formal similarity which they bear to one another. The principles of this taxonomy, largely borrowed from the biological sciences, are briefly stated; three taxonomic levels, corresponding to three degrees of similarity, are then defined. For each level, the paper describes the kinds and degrees of similarity which alphabets must have to be included within one taxon; these similarities are illustrated by several different kinds of taxa and some of the alphabets which belong to them. Several problems in the comparison of writing systems which will require further research are mentioned.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The Appendix that begins on page 30 discusses the rearrangement of vowels and consonants in words in Sanskrit (and its descendants).", } @Article{Haugen:1974:RSS, author = "Einar Haugen", title = "The Rune Stones of {Spirit Pond, Maine}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "1", pages = "33--64", month = "Winter", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "The author reports on his official investigation of the inscription on three rune stones discovered in 1971 by Walter J. Elliott near Spirit Pond, Maine (USA). In determining the authenticity of the stones as Viking Age artifacts, three steps were involved: (1) transcription of the runes, (2) transliteration into the Latin alphabet, and (3) interpretation of the meaning of the inscriptions. The relationship of runes (as alphabetic symbols) to the history of Scandinavian languages is outlined; special problems of these inscriptions are discussed: (1) the runes are not those used in the eleventh or later centuries, (2) spelling and the use of ``runic'' numerals are inconsistent with runic and scribal practice, (3) the grammatical form is unrecognizable as Old Norse, (4) peculiarities relate directly to the Kensington Stone inscription in Minnesota. Conclusion: the inscriptions could not have been carved by Scandinavian Vikings in the Middle Ages, and probably date since 1932.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Turner:1974:EGM, author = "E. G. Turner", title = "Excerpt: {Greek} Manuscripts of the {Ancient World}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "1", pages = "65--82", month = "Winter", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reineck:1974:DBW, author = "Gay Beste Reineck", title = "Design in Brief: Word\slash Forms", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "1", pages = "85--88", month = "Winter", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Palladino:1974:C, author = "Robert J. Palladino", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "1", pages = "89--93", month = "Winter", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Hochuli:1973:BRE}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1974:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "1", pages = "94--95", month = "Winter", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = "Winter", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N1_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "99--100", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Barganz:1974:POR, author = "Robert A. Barganz", title = "Phonological and Orthographic Relationships of Reading Performance", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "101--122", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "This study investigated the use of an intermediate level of orthographic representation based on the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar. A general objective was to determine whether a system of semantic correspondence was utilized when irrelevant phonetic aspects of orthography were encountered by good and poor readers from a fifth-grade population. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial design was employed to investigate the effects of reading ability (good and poor), word reality (real and pseudo), and mode of presentation for stimuli and response items (oral and written). Good readers performed better than poor readers at a statistically significant level ($ p < 0.0005$) on those tasks which required recognizing regularities on a deep level. When regularities were recognized on a surface level, these differences between good and poor readers diminished. Good readers appeared to display a search technique which abandons a simpler level of correspondence in favor of one more efficient, one which precludes grapheme/phoneme correspondences for one directed toward semantic correspondence.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bormuth:1974:LPE, author = "John R. Bormuth", title = "Literacy Policy and the Emerging Technology of Readability", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "123--135", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "The procedures for predicting and adjusting the comprehensibility of printed prose have steadily progressed from the status of an art, through that of a quasi-science, and are now emerging as a scientific technology having considerable generality and precision. Of special interest is the fact that this body of knowledge has much potential for enhancing the effectiveness of a nation's efforts to achieve a desirable level of literacy in its population while, at the same time, reducing the costs of those efforts. This paper outlines some of the arguments that favor accelerating the development of this technology in the developed nation and the founding of the technology in the mother tongues of developing nations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:BAG, author = "Anonymous", title = "[{Boston} area gravestone]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "136--136", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Duval:1974:IOP, author = "Francis Duval and Ivan Rigby", title = "Inscriptions of Our Past", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "137--150", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "A selection of inscriptions on American gravestones from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are illustrated. A brief introduction comments on the urgent need for their recording before further damage is inflicted upon them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shillman:1974:BCR, author = "R. Shillman and C. Cox and T. Kuklinski and J. Ventura and M. Eden and B. Blesser", title = "A Bibliography in Character Recognition: Techniques for Describing Characters", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "151--166", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "A bibliography is presented in the field of character recognition. Many of the references are from the fields of engineering and psychology and deal with various techniques for describing machine and hand-printed characters.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Raben:1974:HCL, author = "Joseph Raben", title = "The Humanist in the Computer Lab", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "167--177", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "The attempts made so far to utilize computers in studying the humanities have resulted in a fundamental analysis of the subject areas themselves rather than in any significant results. The problems of inputting and outputting, of determining what processes may appropriately be employed, and of developing new processes not derived from the customary numerical approaches which presently dominate computer thinking --- all these have retarded what had been expected to be a dramatic advance into a new order of humanistic criticism. The most substantial accomplishments to date have been the rationalized lists of words (dictionaries, indexes, and concordances) for which the computer's capacity to sort rapidly without fatigue or error has accelerated production of these traditional aids to scholarship. A new breed of humanistic scholar now evolving --- highly trained genuinely relevant to his studies --- will contribute to the creation of new programming languages specially designed for this word, assist in the training of others who follow, and help to guide computer-assisted instruction beyond the mechanistic mode in which it currently operates.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sutherland:1974:PSS, author = "Eric Sutherland", title = "[Photograph of {{\booktitle{Sentence Structures}}}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "178--178", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lettieri:1974:EWC, author = "Larry Lettieri", title = "Excerpt: Which Computer Printer When?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "179--185", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Discussion of serial, dot-matrix, chain, and drum printers.", } @Article{Banks:1974:BRR, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {Ruari McLean. \booktitle{Victorian Book Design and Colour Printing}. London: Faber \& Faber, 1973. \pounds 15}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "187--188", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1974:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "189--191", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "2", pages = "192--192", month = "Spring", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N2_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "195--196", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beiman:1974:CPS, author = "Abbie W. Beiman", title = "Concrete Poetry: a Study in Metaphor", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "197--223", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "Various characteristics of concrete poetry have been examined but little attention has been focused on this art form's contribution to literature. Indeed, the concrete poem exemplifies a dramatic variation in the most basic element of poetry: figurative language. Traditionally, figurative language has established a relationship between the tangible objects around man and the intangibles which he seeks to know. The most common form of such figurative yokings has been the metaphor, a rope that creates a tension between the similarities and dissimilarities of the juxtaposed elements. With concrete poetry the focus of that rope is no longer just the abstract and spiritual leg of the metaphor, but the sensory perception of the literal and concrete as well.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Longuet-Higgins:1974:LM, author = "H. C. Longuet-Higgins", title = "The Language of Music", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "224--224", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted from the author's ``\booktitle{The Language of Music},'' \booktitle{The Times Literary Supplement}, November 20, 1970, pp. 1351--1352.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frye:1974:RB, author = "Northrop Frye", title = "The Renaissance of Books", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "225--240", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "The article attempts to deal with the place of the book among the instruments of communication in modern society. The paperback revolution is characterized as a change in the conception of the book from cultural monument to intellectual tool. The cultural context of this change is discussed and the effect of radio and more particularly television on twentieth-century society is briefly consulted. The book, the author points out, can not only be read but unread, consulted at will as a stationary focus for the community. The book is the technological instrument that makes democracy possible, and public access to written documents the principle that keeps it functioning.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pearson:1974:WRL, author = "P. David Pearson and Michael L. Kamil", title = "Word Recognition Latencies as a Function of Form Class, Stem Length, and Affix Length", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "241--246", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "This study investigated the effects of form class (nouns or verbs), stem length (3--10 letters per word) and affix length of inflicted verbs (`{\o},' \-s,' `-ed,' or `-ing') on the recognition latency of visually presented stimuli. Stem length proved to be a significant source of variation for all words and for the noun stimuli separately, but not for the verb stimuli. Subsequent analysis of the verb data revealed that stem length was a significant source of variation only on the first block of trials and that the additional time required for processing affixes is reduced between the first and fourth block of trials. The data fit a letter-by-letter interpretation of the recognition process, modified by a possible morphemic segmentation strategy for affixes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gray:1974:LS, author = "Nicolete Gray", title = "Lettering and Society", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "247--260", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "Lettering is omnipresent in our daily lives and takes a great variety of forms; it involves two different types of reading behavior: private and voluntary, public and involuntary. There is little physical similarity between the two. Thought of as a medium, the physical qualities of lettering --- color, form and dimension --- regain importance. Lettering can transmit not only the meaning of the words but also an attitude towards those words. Criteria for which public lettering should be judged are presented. Socially, public lettering should enrich our environment through creative variety of all appropriate letter styles. In lettering education both the application of geometric principles and the study of the past are important. The past can provide models, ideas, and inspiration toward the many directions lettering can be extended; no legible letter is obsolete.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Crouwel:1974:PEL, author = "Wim Crouwel", title = "A Proposition for Education in Letterforms and Handwriting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "261--264", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "Education should provide the means to find a personal form of expression through letterforms; it should not be restricted to an established system for copying existing styles. A new starting point for creating letterforms (as well as for design in general) --- based on a system of regular pattern in the widest sense --- would create a system allowing the greatest freedom and flexibility. Utility and self-expression are equally important in teaching a child to write --- and, at the same time, to recognize patterns and the basic rules of form and shape.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ehri:1974:RBP, author = "Linnea C. Ehri and Lee S. Wilce", title = "Research in Brief: Printed Intonation Cues and Reading in Children", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "265--274", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "Eighty third- and fourth-graders read one of four types of printed texts: standard print; print in which word size was varied to reflect aspects of speech information (three stress-pitch levels); print in which word size reflected differences in the grammatical form class of words; and print in which word size was varied randomly. Reading speed and comprehension with standard print were compared to performances with each of the other texts. Results revealed that the intoned text was read faster than the standard text by third-graders but not by fourth-grades. No other major effects were observed. Findings though preliminary are consistent with the view that less experienced readers transform graphic to aural input before deriving a semantic interpretation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Clay:1974:RBO, author = "Marie M. Clay", title = "Research in Brief: Orientation to the Spatial Characteristics of the Open Book", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "275--282", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "One of the first code-breaking activities for the beginning reader concerns the arbitrary conventions of how books are presented. The orientation to the spatial characteristics of visible language was observed in 4 five-year-old identical girls through the developmental progression of their hand behavior while reading. Preliminary theoretical explanations are offered in terms of bilateral nervous systems, handedness and reading, and perceptual strategies for visual analysis of stimuli.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1974:KBA, author = "Dirk Wendt and Fernand Baudin", title = "{Kurzfassung der Beitr{\"a}ge} [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {German} and {French}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "283--285", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "3", pages = "287--287", month = "Summer", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N3_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "291--292", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gelb:1974:RWD, author = "I. J. Gelb", title = "Records, Writing, and Decipherment", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "293--318", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "Written records together with material remains derived from excavations form the main bases for our understanding of past civilizations and their underlying language systems. There is no systematic treatment of written records, and little attention has been paid to the interrelationship between ancient writing and language. Full systems of writing express language at two levels --- morphological and phonetic --- which give rise to three basic writing systems types --- logo-syllabic, syllabic, and alphabetic. Four categories of decipherment --- based on our relative knowledge of the writing system and the language --- are discussed: known writing/known language; unknown writing/known language; known writing/unknown language; and unknown writing/unknown language. From a cryptanalytic point of view there are two general decipherment methods: (1) utilization of external information to determine probable contents (e.g., bilingual texts,) and (2) internal information from an analysis of the text itself (structure and typology). The assumption of the underlying language is critical for deciphering procedures and provides the test of successful decipherment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Germain:1974:FSI, author = "Edward Germain", title = "Four Surrealist Images", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "319--332", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "Surrealism has consistently asserted its desire to comprehend the essence of thought --- a statement usually read in aesthetic terms by art and literary critics or in clinical terms by psychological critics. If this statement is taken more literally, certain overlooked insights arise, including the hypothesis that the surrealists' search for an ultimate synthesis may itself reflect a structure of the mind.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marcus:1974:IVS, author = "Aaron Marcus", title = "An Introduction to the Visual Syntax of Concrete Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "333--360", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Mayer:1975:Ca,Kinniburg:1975:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "Many different forms of concrete poetry have emerged in the past twenty years. One way to appreciate, describe, and compare these works is to examine them in terms of their visual syntax. This includes emphasis on figure-field relationships, implied depths, spatial structure, and movement. Examples are presented which illustrate basic types of visual organization and are analyzed to relate their visual syntax to their total meaning. This initial classification could be elaborated and supplemented to provide a basis for a semiotic of concrete poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{damen:1974:ETT, author = "herman damen", title = "excerpt: towards a three-dimensional pouitry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "361--368", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The article text is entirely in lowercase.", } @Article{Kostka:1974:AG, author = "Robert Kostka", title = "Aspects of Graffiti", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "369--375", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", abstract = "As a natural part of our environment, graffiti is both spontaneous and functional --- free from design conventions and often the sole communication weapon of an oppressed people. It can be a personal identification or it can mark the boundaries for an urban street gang. Its history is probably as old as writing itself. Graffiti has adapted personal expression to whatever space, writing tool, surface, or viewing requirements the environment demands.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1974:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Felix Beltran", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "376--378", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "380--380", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1974:IVV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume VIII}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "VIII", number = "4", pages = "382--384", month = "Autumn", year = "1974", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 12 07:31:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V8N4_1974_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "3--4", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:BC, author = "Anonymous", title = "Brief Communications", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "5--6", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The pages are output on a 100dpi Mead Dijit (Direct Image by Jet Ink Transfer) device.", } @Article{Venezky:1975:CRL, author = "Richard L. Venezky", title = "The Curious Role of Letter Names in Reading Instruction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "7--23", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Arnheim:1975:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "For about two thousand years educators assumed without question that learning the letter names in their proper sequence was a prerequisite for literacy. Learning the ABC's became synonymous with learning to read. But today there is disagreement over the value of early letter-name training. Some claim that it aids letter or word discrimination; some claim that it aids attaching sound to letter, and some claim that it interferes with both of these tasks. An analysis of the letter names and of experimental and pedagogic evidence lends little support to the claims of letter-naming benefits. In several countries --- including the United State, the Soviet Union, and Israel --- letter-name knowledge has been found to interfere with learning to attach sound to letter. But letter-name knowledge has also been shown to be one of the best single predictors of reading success, and no matter what is shown experimentally about the utility of letter names, they are efficient labels for the letters and an inseparable element in the popular concept of reading instruction.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Steig:1975:CDB, author = "William Steig", title = "{C D B!}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "24--24", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Reprint of letter cartoons from the author's book of the same title, New York: Windmill Books, Inc., Simon \& Schuster, Inc. (1968).", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{King:1975:RDW, author = "Terrance J. King", title = "Radial Design in {Wallace Stevens}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "25--46", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "In some early cases of Stevens poems there is evidence of a typographical pattern I call ``radial design,'' a device in which the poet selects a central unit (such as a word) and on both sides evenly arranges a pattern of other units. Radial design is no accident. One finds not only a definite historical consistency in the way the pattern develops but also a tight continuity between it and ideas about language and perception expressed in the poems themselves. Stevens' overall aim is to impose this fixed, spatial structure upon the sequential flow of a poem in order to suspend the representational function of its language and thus compel us to observe words as things in themselves.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Dole:1975:CWD, author = "William Dole and Gerald Nordland", title = "The Collages of {William Dole}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "47--56", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "William Dole's painted collages are formal compositional inventions, balancing pictorial elements and sensitive saturations of color-form with unintelligible signs --- the calligraphy of type, symbol, diagram, and handwriting --- which seduce one's eyes and provoke uncertain readings. The artist also comments on his own work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hauser:1975:PRL, author = "Robert A. Hauser", title = "Photographic Restoration of Letterforms", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "57--66", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "The creation, for exhibition purposes, of a photographically restored facsimile of a damaged nineteenth-century lithograph is discussed, with emphasis on the varieties of deterioration that can affect letterforms and on the principles of conservation and restoration. The paper follows the sequence of deterioration and conservation of the artwork, looking at the typographic restoration in detail. Some discussion about the archival nature of the print and museum conservation in general is a necessary prerequisite to understand the preferences for choosing the ultimate photographic restoration processes used to restore the missing letterforms, which is the primary concern of the article.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Groff:1975:RBS, author = "Patrick Groff", title = "Research in Brief: Shapes as Cues to Word Recognition", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "67--71", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "The theory that ``shape'' provides a useful learning cue for a child's early recognition of a word had been maintained by various writers, but it has not been verified by research. An analysis of similar shapes for high-frequency words also argues against using shape as a cue for word recognition. The broader concept of word shape (or contours) is considered and deeper research suggested.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Charyn:1975:AFL, author = "Jerome Charyn", title = "{Azazian} is a frenetic language \ldots{}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "72--72", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Except from the author's book, \booktitle{Eisenhower, My Eisenhower}, New York: Holt, Rinehart \& Winston.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Doblin:1975:ESA, author = "Jay Doblin and Inder Agrawal and Marianna Porter and Robert Peterson", title = "Excerpt: Simplifying the {ABC}'s", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "73--86", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted from an article in the January\slash February 1974 issue of \booktitle{Industrial Design} magazine.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "How efficient is the roman alphabet? Not very in an age when man-to-man and man-to-machine exchanges are so vital to our communication processes. The efficiency of the alphabet is discussed in terms of information theory, and a new system of letterform design --- an extension of the familiar seven-stroke electronic numerals --- is proposed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", keywords = "BASIC letterform; Braille alphabet; Evans--Epps letterform", } @Article{Nesbitt:1975:CDL, author = "Alexander Nesbitt", title = "Comment: The Designer and Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "87--89", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "A brief commentary on the subject by a designer and educator.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{sandberg:1975:AT, author = "willem sandberg", title = "art and typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "90--90", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The text is entirely in lowercase.", } @Article{Mayer:1975:Ca, author = "Peter Mayer and James Mosley and Hermann Zapf", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "91--92", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Commentary on the phrase ``26 (more or less) soldiers (of lead).'', plus Zapf's disapproval of the cover, and threat to resign from the Advisory Board. See response to Zapf \cite{Mayer:1975:Cb}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1975:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Felix Beltran", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "93--95", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = "Winter", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N1_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "99--100", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Conley:1975:VSP, author = "Tom Conley", title = "Verbal Shape in the Poetry of {Villon} and {Marot}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "101--122", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "Generally speaking lyrics written in the early years of the printing press cannot be read in editions other than their own. A visual aesthetic informing the poetic texture of Fran{\c{c}}ois Villon and Cl{\'e}ment Marot is essential to an understanding of their work: Le Grant Testament of 1489 in gothic font and the physical shape of the epitaphs and rondeaux of the Adolescence Cl{\'e}mentine use in a differential manner the absence of volume on the page's two-dimensional surface to elaborate a human drama of three dimensions. Thus their dialogue between voice and space or discourse and figure is always an open one, showing in its punctuation the areas of mediation and desire that generate great lyric poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Antonsen:1975:IWS, author = "Elmer H. Antonsen", title = "The Inscription of the {Whetstone} from {Str{\o}m}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "123--132", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "The runic inscription on the Whetstone from Str{\o}m in Norway is of particular interest because it represents the earliest attestation of a work-song in the Germanic languages. Archeologists cannot aid in the dating of this inscription, since no other objects were found with the whetstone. Previous attempts to fix a date on the basis of runic and linguistic evidence have relied on ad hoc assumptions concerning phonological developments and the relative age of certain runic variants. It is shown that the inscription can be interpreted without such ad hoc hypotheses and the work-song must date from approximately 450--500 A.D. at the latest, rather than from the beginning of the seventh century as previously assumed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Herrick:1975:LAB, author = "Earl M. Herrick", title = "Letters with Alternative Basic Shapes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "133--144", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "In many written languages there are letters each of which may be embodied by marks having more than one basic shape. For each occurrence of such a letter, the shape of the mark used to embody it is normally selected according to the circumstances in which the letter occurs. Thus, some alternative basic shapes are appropriate to certain places in a word or another part of a text; some are used by different dialects; some belong to different co-scripts (subdivisions of a script that each have basic shapes for all of its letters); some are used by certain typefaces or styles of handwriting. This paper discusses these several kinds of variation among basic shapes, and gives examples from several scripts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Suen:1975:HEB, author = "Ching Y. Suen", title = "Handwriting Education --- a Bibliography of Contemporary Publications", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "145--158", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "This bibliography presents some contemporary references related to handwriting education. The varied collection is aimed at providing the researcher with extensive up-to-date source materials on handwriting instruction, systems and practices, instruments, quality and methods of evaluation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{ODonnell:1975:MRC, author = "Thomas D. O'Donnell", title = "{Maurice Roche}: Cr{\^a}ne, Carne", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "159--172", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "Maurice Roche has distinguished himself from the more traditional nouveau roman through the role he accords to language and through the phenomenon of intertextuality in his three novels, Compact, Circus, and Codex. His approach to both phenomena is well illustrated by the pun ``carne/cr{\^a}ne'' to which he constantly returns in Circus. The cr{\^a}ne, suggesting death, and the carne, suggesting sexuality, may be seen as the traditional polarities of the eros/thanatos axis, and substantiate an anagrammatic reading of Circus' title: cri, or death, and cu(l)s, or sex. The pun, as the intersection of two or more signs, becomes for Roche the intersection of two or more sign systems: the spoken word, the written word, and the layout of the printed page. It is in his refusal to accept the linearity of a novelistic text that Roche is the most avant-garde.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{AIGA:1975:DPP, author = "{American Institute of Graphic Arts}", title = "The Development of Passenger\slash Pedestrian Oriented Symbols for Use in Transportation-Related Facilities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "173--185", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "The American Institute of Graphic Arts in cooperation with the United States Department of Transportation, Office of Facilitation, has created 34 passenger and pedestrian oriented symbols for use in transportation-related facilities. The intent of the project was to produce a consistent and interrelated group of symbols to bridge the language barrier and simplify basic messages at domestic and international travel facilities. The working process attempted to take full advantage of strong forms only where no satisfactory concepts existed. The report includes detailed descriptions of the process employed to create the symbols as well as guidelines for their use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mayer:1975:Cb, author = "Peter Mayer and Ken Komai", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "186--188", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Marcus:1974:IVS,Mayer:1975:Ca}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1975:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "189--191", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "2", pages = "192--192", month = "Spring", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N2_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "195--196", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Steinberg:1975:RBS, author = "Danny D. Steinberg and Miho T. Steinberg", title = "Reading Before Speaking", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "197--224", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "It is generally believed children are not ready to read until about 5 years and that speech production is a necessary and desirable basis for teaching methodology. In this study, a four-phase program --- Alphabet Familiarization: Alphabet Identification; Word, Phrase, and Sentence Identification; and Text Reading --- was administered to a subject, beginning at 6 months of age. Significant reading skills were acquired during the subject's pre-speech period. By three and a half years the subject read short sentences fluently, and by 8 years, his speech and accuracy equaled eleventh graders. A mongoloid child who was administered the program at a later age (at 5 year) now reads 48 words and 5 phrases and sentences. It is concluded that most current notions on reading readiness and on the role of speech production in teaching methodology require reconsideration.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moxley:1975:AWS, author = "Roy A. {Moxley, Jr.}", title = "Acquisition of Writing Skills", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "225--248", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "Acquisition of writing skills is viewed as a reduction of alternatives. Various levels and aspects of early writing are examined --- including mirror-image reversals --- in terms of a selection from an adjustable number of alternatives. It is argued that allowing information processing to proceed in adaptive stages will result in writing skills that are more accurate, complete, and individualized.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mendel:1975:LTI, author = "Mark Mendel", title = "Line Transmitter Installation --- a Poem in the Environment", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "249--262", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "Ojos Numerosos is a poem of twenty-three three-line stanzas. It was written to be painted on the sides of buildings, on viaducts, and on other urban surfaces where graffiti is typically found. The verses are in random series and are interchangeable within the poem. They form a chain in the experience of the person moving about town. People confront this poem as they do graffiti or corporate-graffiti/advertising every day. Poetry predates writing and printing. The recent tradition of poetics as a possession of the educated elite grew from its confinement to the printed page; I want this poem to fit the viaduct as the sonnet was once felt to fit the page. This is the sprayed word --- the continuous simultaneous transmission of a poem into the environment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kristeller:1975:MRR, author = "Paul Oskar Kristeller", title = "Methods of Research in Renaissance Manuscripts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "263--275", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "The use and study of manuscripts brings us into direct physical contact with the past, both enriching our original source material and opening new research dimensions and perspectives. Unfortunately, manuscript references in text editions or secondary studies are often wrong, incomplete, or antiquated. Meticulous, first-hand searching out of individual references is most important, as is direct inspection of the manuscript or its reproduction. Whenever practical, it is advisable to scan or read completely and systematically all available printed catalogues and handwritten inventories. Special difficulties in finding pertinent manuscripts --- even in familiar collections --- are discussed. Each manuscript is a unique research resource --- deserving careful preservation, adequate cataloging, and greater accessibility.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anno:1975:EAA, author = "Mitsumasa Anno", title = "Excerpt from {{\booktitle{Anno's Alphabet: An Adventure in Imagination}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "276--276", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Photographs from the author's book, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mountford:1975:CMA, author = "John Mountford", title = "Comment: The Medial Aspect of Language: a Linguistic Framework for Literacy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "277--281", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "This is a brief article defining the branches of the discipline of linguistics.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kinniburg:1975:C, author = "Ian A. G. Kinniburg", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "282--285", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Marcus:1974:IVS}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The letter is illustrated with unusual world map projections.", } @Article{Baudin:1975:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "285--287", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "3", pages = "288--288", month = "Summer", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N3_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "291--292", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Watt:1975:WPC, author = "W. C. Watt", title = "What Is the Proper Characterization of the Alphabet? {I}. {Desiderata}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "293--327", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "To a point an alphabet can be viewed as a ``language'' and described by a ``grammar''; however, since for any such language many different grammars are possible, to take the ``linguistic'' analog seriously is to want to find criteria for judging which ``correct'' grammar is ``best.'' If we grant that the alphabet's users have some systematic mental representation of the alphabet, then the basis for this judgment is clear: that grammar is best which best approximates to the system that people have in their heads. To show how psychological evidence bears on this question, two sophisticated ``linguistic'' analyses of the alphabet are examined; the conclusion is drawn that the evidence points toward another analysis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:RC, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Research Connection", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "328--328", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ascher:1975:QVL, author = "Marcia Ascher and Robert Ascher", title = "The Quipu as a Visible Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "329--356", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "The Inca are often cited as a civilization ``without writing.'' But writing is more than a record of language sounds placed upon familiar materials. The media of the Inca were devices made of cotton cords that are called quipus. This introduction to the quipu is based upon a recent study of most of the world's known quipus now spread throughout three continents and concentrates on what we infer to be the way the physical elements of quipus are combined to create a symbolic structure; i.e., the representation of numbers, the expression of N-dimensional arrays, and hierarchical configurations. A discussion of the connections between the quipus and civilization includes: (1) cotton as a material which carried its own message for the Inca; (2) reflections of the quipu in non-media domains of Inca civilization; and (3) the purpose of writing in early civilization.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Robson:1975:OWW, author = "Ernest M. Robson", title = "An Orthographic Way of Writing {English} Prosody", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "357--372", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", abstract = "An alphabetic process for cueing readers to speak the three dimensions of sound in speech has been constructed: fundamental frequency, duration, and intensity. A scanning model based on differences in the apparent levels of the three dimensions is presented. Considerations of the information in an alphabetic approach are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Feagler:1975:RTN, author = "Dick Feagler", title = "{RTA} --- The Transit Network?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "373--374", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Comment on the logos of the Regional Transit Authority and the Radio Corporation of America.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Arnheim:1975:C, author = "Rudolf Arnheim and Peter Mayer", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "375--377", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Arnheim comments on the orientation of roman capitals, and Mayer on letternames \cite{Venezky:1975:CRL}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1975:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "378--379", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "380--380", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1975:IVI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume IX}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "IX", number = "4", pages = "381--384", month = "Autumn", year = "1975", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:00 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V9N4_1975_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "3--4", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1976:MVL, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "A Manifesto for Visible Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "5--40", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Hewes:1976:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Mounting research evidence from the sciences, the humanities, and the visual arts prompts this call for a reassessment of some of the basic operating principles of language study. Linguistic research has not adequately clarified the relationship among three components: our inner organization of language (comlang) and its expression as visible language and as audible language. The visible and the audible language systems are discrete; one system cannot be interpreted in terms of the other, and it is not the fit between systems which is of first importance but how each operates independently. Language is of a piece with total human development. Research is reported which indicates that a closer affinity exists between man's internal information processing network and the visible language system --- both for the way we handle language today and for the way in which our behavioral patterns were established during the origin and early development of language. An appeal is issued for additional research and theory to study the critical issues.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gaskell:1976:NLR, author = "Phillip Gaskell", title = "Nomenclature of the Letterforms of Roman Type", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "41--51", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Hewes:1976:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "While the organization of nomenclature for the elements of letterforms has had a long history, there is today no fully codified system. This paper attempts to define all of the necessary terms for naming the parts of the printed images of roman types in one self-consistent system, and to illustrate their use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", keywords = "arm; ascender; ascender line; bar; base line; body; bowl; bracketed; calligraphic; capital line; capitals; contraction; contrast; counter; descender; descender line; diagonal; diphthong; ear; face; fount; hair-line; inscriptional; kern; ligature; link; majuscules; mean line; minuscules; sanserif; serif; set; shoulder; slab; sort; spur; stem; stress; stroke; tail; terminal; titling''; typeface; weight; x-height", } @Article{Oldenburg:1976:AGC, author = "Claes Oldenburg", title = "Alphabet Goodhumor --- Cloth Study, 1972--73", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "52--52", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Photograph of art work.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{White:1976:ASA, author = "John J. White", title = "The Argument for a Semiotic Approach to Shape Writing: The Case of {Italian} Futurist Typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "53--86", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Using futurist poetic experiments as its demonstration object, this paper explores what advantages a semiotic approach has in the investigation of shaped writing. The examples considered are seen to belong to the class of iconic signs, and the concept of iconicity is shown to offer both a more systematic and differentiating method of analyzing their constituent parts than the traditional mimetic model did. Consideration is given to the way in which Gestalt psychology has modified the definition of iconicity to take account of codes of recognition and graphic conventions. Examples of such codes and conventions are explored and attention is paid to the signaling of new codes within an innovative work. Finally, the relationship between the signification of dynamism in futurist painting and poetry is compared in order to show how a semiotic model is able to distinguish between iconic, conventionalized, and codified elements; particular attention is paid here to the accommodation of iconic effects to the medium of print.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{vanKrimpen:1976:BRJ, author = "Huib van Krimpen", title = "Book Review: {Jan Tschichold on Typography: Jan Tschichold, \booktitle{Ansgew{\"a}hlte Anfs{\"a}tze {\"u}ber Fragen der Gestalt des Buches und der Typographie} (Selected Essays on Book Design and Typography). Basel: Birkh{\"a}user Verlag, 1975; ISBN 3-7643-0711-0, 23 Swiss Francs}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "87--90", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1976:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "91--93", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "95--95", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:BS, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Burma Shave}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = "Winter", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Photograph of widely-seen advertising sign from Frank Rowsome, Jr., \booktitle{The Verse by the Side of the Road: The Story of the Burma-Shave Signs and Jingles}, The Stephen Greene Press (Brattleboro, Vermont 05310).", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N1_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "99--100", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wanat:1976:RR, author = "Stanley F. Wanat", title = "Reading Readiness", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "101--127", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "The nature and assessment of reading readiness are considered through an examination of factors in reading readiness, and through an examination of purposes and principles in reading readiness assessment. Skills in extant reading readiness tests are identified, and subskill categories derived from research on reading readiness, reading acquisition, and reading achievement are considered. These skills include attention and automaticity; linguistic awareness; understanding of the task; letter, letter-sequence, word, and word-sequence skills; and flexibility in reading. Effects of instructional factors on reading readiness are also considered. The providing of information for instructional decision-making is identified as the major purpose of reading readiness assessment. Twelve principles for the design and use of reading readiness tests are developed, and twelve major categories of factors that should be considered in an assessment of reading readiness are identified. It is argued that reading readiness should be conceptualized and assessed in terms of the specific reading skill or skills demanded by the task confronting the learner.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zenker:1976:S, author = "Helmut Zenker", title = "{Sunday}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "128--128", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted from Alan Riddell, \booktitle{Typewriter Art}, London: London Magazine Editions, 1975.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nelson:1976:JMC, author = "T. M. Nelson and C. J. Ladan", title = "Judgment of Meaningfulness of {Chinese} Characters by {English}-Speaking Observers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "129--143", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Liu and Chuang (1970) obtained measures of meaningfulness for 1,200 Chinese characters from ratings made by literate Chinese. A sample of these characters rated by persons unfamiliar with Chinese showed that the amount of perceptual information conveyed to English-speaking observers correlates with Liu and Chuang's index for Chinese-speaking individuals. For English-speaking observers, meaningfulness appears more closely related to visual form characteristics than is the case for the Chinese reader. Results of the study provide a further hypothesis: that the Chinese language evolved according to a visual ``simplicity'' principle. Results also suggest that conclusions from some experiments involving Chinese characters as stimuli may be limited by ignorance of the role that visual dimensions play in discrimination of language forms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Segalen:1976:CCP, author = "Victor Segalen", title = "[{Chinese} characters and poem]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "144--144", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpt from the author's \booktitle{Stele du chemin de l'ame}, The Greenwood Press (San Francisco, CA 94133), 1976.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Orth:1976:LND, author = "Bernard Orth and Hans Weckerle and Dirk Wendt", title = "Legibility of Numerals Displayed in a $ 4 \times 7 $ Dot Matrix and Seven-Segment Digits", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "145--155", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Conventional and especially designed numerals in 4 x 7 dot matrices and 7-segment displays were tachistoscopically presented to, and identified by, human observers. The number of errors made in this identification task were analyzed as a measure of legibility in terms of information transmission. It is shown that the representation of digits in such matrices can be improved by appropriate design.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Parker:1976:HFC, author = "George A. Parker", title = "How to find characters per pica for caps", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "156--156", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ranta:1976:PPG, author = "Jerrald Ranta", title = "Palindromes, Poems and Geometric Form", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "157--172", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Reprinted from the author's article in \booktitle{College English}, XXXXVI (October 1974), 161--172, National Council of Teachers of English.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Emphasizing the similarities between the form of the palindrome and the forms of certain modern American short poems, I urge the recognition of a unique kind of little-studied, modern, cyclic, poetic form which, lacking an established term, I call ``palindromic'' form. Widely used by twentieth-century American poets, this kind of form is distinguishable from the better-known, traditional kinds of poetic form, though it sometimes occurs in combination with them. Cedric Hubbell Whitman's discussion of ring composition and hysteron proteron in the Iliad reveals the classical origin of this form and suggests that its larger class is geometric form.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marcus:1976:CPP, author = "Aaron Marcus and Joe Rothrock", title = "A Course in Poetry and Printing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "173--182", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "An experimental course was devised in which students with backgrounds in poetry and in the graphic arts worked to discover essential relationships between verbal and visual poetic statement. The course organization utilized a university environment to the fullest and is offered as a prototypical case study. Students participated in a series of multidisciplinary guest lectures and in studio-based development of creative projects. Their work eventually moved beyond the more traditional views of the poetry-printing dialectic conceived for the course and resembled more the creative speculation of avant-garde art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1976:BRF, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {F. E. Pardoe, \booktitle{John Baskerville}. London: Muller, 1976; ISBN 0-584-10354-9; \pounds 9.50}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "183--188", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1976:EN, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Editor}'s Note", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "188--188", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "The typeface you are now reading is Baskerville. In fact, since our first issue in 1967, the basic text and display typeface used in this journal has been Baskerville. The modification of a basic typeface is illustrated in the variations of Baskerville produced by the four different composing systems we have used during this period: Volumes I through VIII were produced on hot-metal composing machines --- Volumes I and II by Linotype, Volumes III through VIII by Monotype. Volumes IX and X were produced on phototypesetting equipment --- Volume IX, Number I, on the VariTyper by Addressograph Multigraph Corporation, and all numbers since then on Monophoto equipment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1976:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "189--190", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "2", pages = "192--192", month = "Spring", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N2_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "195--196", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Littlewood:1976:ISB, author = "A. R. Littlewood", title = "An `Ikon of the Soul`: The {Byzantine} Letter", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "197--226", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Byzantine epistolographic concepts are a natural development of the concepts of classical antiquity, and especially of the Second Sophistic, that were adapted to fit the requirements of Christian ontology. The surviving letters were intended not always to convey information, for which the courier or ``living letter'' was often responsible, but usually to fulfill the obligations and genuine needs of friendship and to serve as much prized pieces of literary art in their own right. In the one case the letter was deemed an ``ikon of the soul,'' creating an illusion of the presence of the writer and thereby demanding tokens of his individual characteristics. In the other it was required to be original within the strict framework imposed by the imitation of ancient models; and by adherence to changing stylistic canons it came both to foster obscurity and to embrace subject-matter not commonly associated with the letter.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gomringer:1976:PMS, author = "Eugen Gomringer", title = "Poetry as a Means for the Structuring of a Social Environment", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "227--241", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Translated by Mark E. Cory.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "From the outset, the movement of concrete poetry has regarded the poet as a conscious participant in a team of designers dedicated to the aesthetic restructuring of society. To participate, the poet had to study fields not normally associated with poetry, e.g., architecture, advertising graphics, and typography. His contribution in turn has been to provide craftsmen in other fields with models for the solution of their own verbal problems. The goal of such a poetry involves entertainment, but goes beyond the immediacy of this game-activity to include an awakening of aesthetic sensibility, especially to the world of type, print, and sound. A review of the interrelationships between concrete poetry, industrial design, and the plastic arts over the past fifteen years illustrates the sort of team work necessary if poets are to have an active voice in our contemporary society.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Panian:1976:U, author = "Ed Panian", title = "Untitled", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "242--242", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Signatories of the Declaration of Independence.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Weiss:1976:S, author = "Jack Weiss", title = "Statements 76", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "243--246", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "To honor the American Bicentennial, the Society of Typographic Arts in Chicago organized the exhibition Statements 76 ``to revitalize the words that inspired the American Revolution.'' Appropriate quotations from that historic period were the dominant element in a wide variety of media --- from sculpture to a patchwork quilt.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Otto:1976:OHE, author = "Wayne Otto and Cathy Stallard", title = "One Hundred Essential Sight Words", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "247--252", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Sight word lists have been used since before 20 BC and have changed forms many times. Today sight word lists are numerous and are widely and variously used. They differ in terms of source, intended purpose and/or audience, and criteria for including specific words. Despite these differences, there is much agreement that they do reflect the most basic words in our language and that there is a high degree of commonality among them. This report identifies the one hundred sight words which appeared in sixteen major sight word lists.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The 100 words are: a; about; after; again; all; an; and; any; are; at; away; be; big; but; by; came; come; could; did; do; down; for; from; get; go; good; got; had; has; have; he; her; here; him; his; how; I; if; in; is; it; just; know; like; little; look; made; make; me; my; new; no; not; now; of; off; old; on; one; our; out; over; put; right; said; saw; say; see; she; so; some; take; that; the; them; then; there; they; think; this; three; to; too; two; up; us; want; was; we; went; were; what; when; where; who; will; with; would; you; your", } @Article{Perrin:1976:DIK, author = "Stephen G. Perrin", title = "{Declaration of Independence} Kit", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "253--256", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted permission from the author's \booktitle{Rutabaga in Eight Languages}", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "This ``poem'' is a spoof on the nature of the alphabet and writing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Johnson:1976:MPH, author = "Dale D. Johnson and Richard L. Venezky", title = "Models for Predicting How Adults Pronounce Vowel Digraph Spellings in Unfamiliar Words", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "257--268", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "This study explored the relationships between type and token frequencies and contextual position effects in pronunciation of written English. Specifically, the major question was whether or not vowel cluster pronunciation preferences of adult readers were more affected by frequency of occurrence than by graphemic environment. Two opposing hypotheses were tested regarding four vowel diagraph spellings. Six synthetic words were constructed for each vowel cluster according to contextual and word position constraints. The subjects were 51 undergraduates whose task was to read the synthetic words and note how they pronounced the underlined vowel cluster. Three models were constructed to assess the hypotheses and to predict responses for each vowel cluster. The models were a final consonant model, a variant type-token model, and an invariant principal response model. Several data analysis techniques were used. The final consonant model was superior to the other two models, but it was found that other factors, not yet assessed, were present in the results.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Greengold:1976:C, author = "Jane Greengold and Chris Tanz", title = "``{Correspondences}''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "269--276", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "``Correspondences'' explores the correspondence between concrete poetry and conceptual art; between postal language and ordinary language; between sending/receiving letters and private theater. The article presents part of an actual correspondence between friends/poet-artists attending to the act and experience of corresponding, and making the language of correspondence visible.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hewes:1976:C, author = "Gordon W. Hewes and Alan Lomax and Martyn Hitchcock and Philip Gaskell", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "277--283", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Wrolstad:1976:MVL,Gaskell:1976:NLR,Herrick:1977:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1976:SOM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation of \booktitle{Visible Language}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "283--283", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The report says 1588 average copies per issue for past twelve months.", } @Article{Baudin:1976:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "284--287", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "3", pages = "288--288", month = "Summer", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N3_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "291--292", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Venezky:1976:ISI, author = "Richard L. Venezky", title = "An Introduction to This Special Issue", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "293--294", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Jaquith:1976:DAP, author = "James Jaquith", title = "Digraphia in Advertising: The Public as Guinea Pig", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "295--308", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Herrick:1977:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Orthographic conventions adopted by advertisers for many consumer products depart significantly from ordinary standards of correctness. e.g., ARRID, BISKIT, MIX, DETANE, KLEEN, WHEY-FERS. This paper analyzes more than 1,500 expressions of this practice and suggests that advertising spelling (1) constitutes the graphic analog of what linguists call diglossia, (2) has influenced the criteria by which English readers judge correctness in spelling, and (3) is made possible by special properties of the graphic-phonological system with which English is written.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Secrist:1976:IEO, author = "Robert H. Secrist", title = "Internalization of {English} Orthographic Patterns", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "309--322", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper examines (1) the patterns of regularity underlying the largely superficial chaos of English orthography, (2) the extent --- or the lack --- of internalization of both these patterns and the graphic representations of specific phonemes in different environments, (3) the reactions of literate native speakers as to the relative ``rightness'' or naturalness of the different phoneme-grapheme correspondences in these situations, and (4) the reactions of these informants to recognition tests involving alternative solutions to certain special problems involved in English spelling reform --- such as lexicographic separation of agnates, polymorphic representation of inflectional affixes, and graphic distinction of homophones.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kerek:1976:PRS, author = "Andrew Kerek", title = "The Phonological Relevance of Spelling Pronunciation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "323--338", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Although commonly viewed as an isolated, haphazard, and hit-or-miss, chancy affair, spelling-pronunciation is in fact capable of patterning and may yield profound phonological effects in at least two ways. It may induce the restructuring of the underlying form of morphemes within an orthographic paradigm, and thus trigger a redistribution of functional loads in the phonemic system; this often happens through a ``reversal'' of historical changes that are no longer operative. Spelling-pronunciation may also repeatedly block (and hence weaken) synchronic phonological rules, thus often resulting in the phonetic surfacing of underlying or near-underlying phonemic forms; in this way it not only slows down phonological change, but may in the long run alter the phonetic character of a language. Although it commonly obliterates etymological distinctions, as a mechanism of iconicity spelling-pronunciation promotes spelling-sound isomorphism and thus tends to reduce purposeless variety in language. Widespread literacy has rendered the influence of orthography on phonology a significant external variable which linguistic description can no longer ignore.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gates:1976:MTL, author = "Arthur I. Gates and Esther H. Chase", title = "Methods and Theories of Learning to Spell Tested by Studies of Deaf Children", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "339--350", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "Research is reported on the reading and spelling ability of children congenitally deaf. In comparison with their other linguistic abilities and with normal children of similar reading experience, deaf children (1) greatly excel in spelling ability, and (2) possess extraordinary word-perception ability. Both abilities appear due to a peculiarly effective type of perceiving which relies on a visual reaction to words. For normal children learning to spell, much may be gained by visual study of the word and mastering the habit of writing the word.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Venezky:1976:NHE, author = "Richard L. Venezky", title = "Notes on the History of {English} Spelling", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "351--365", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spell.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", abstract = "To introduce the non-specialist in English linguistics to the diversity and complexity of influences which have shaped modern English spelling, three problems in the history of English spelling are presented. The first traces the evolution of the hard and soft pronunciations of word-initial `c' and centers on historical reconstruction of proto-Old English forms, Old English, Old French, and Latin sound changes, and soft pronunciations of word-initial `c' and centers on reconstruction of prehistoric Old English forms, Old English, Old French, and Latin sound changes, and Anglo-Norman scribal practices. The second problem concerns the avoidance of sequences of short down strokes (minims) as a motivating factor in certain role of the English chancery scribes in reforming English spelling along classical lines is examined.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Webster:1976:EAS, author = "Noah Webster", title = "Excerpt from {{\booktitle{The American Spelling Book}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "366--376", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1976:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "377--380", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "380--380", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1976:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume X}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "X", number = "4", pages = "381--384", month = "Autumn", year = "1976", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 06:40:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V10N4_1976_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "3--4", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rawski:1977:SSS, author = "Conrad H. Rawski", title = "The Scientific Study of Subject Literatures", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "5--23", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "The paper addresses fundamental questions concerning the nature, genesis, and function of a subject literature --- all knowledge records pertaining to a subject. A generalizable notion of a subject literature is developed and discussed in the terms of object, content, and use, and their interrelationships. The main areas of a scientific study of subject literatures are indicated. Structural interpretation is shown to be a promising strategic assumption for basic theoretical efforts and analytic research. The results of such studies aimed at explanation are examined as to their practical significance.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:SR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Stereogrammic Relations", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "24--24", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gurtler:1977:CGF, author = "Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler and Christian Mengelt", title = "{Cyrillic Gothic}: Formal Modifications in the Design of a {Russian} Sans-serif Typeface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "25--36", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Four series for text and display composition were designed for a new Cyrillic sans-serif typeface. Historic and existing Cyrillic typefaces are assessed. Illustrations show the modification of individual characters toward an over-all consistent design of the entire alphabet.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Walker:1977:CWS, author = "Laurence Walker", title = "Comprehension of Writing and Spontaneous Speech", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "37--51", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "The purpose of this study was to explore a difference between reading comprehension and the comprehension of spontaneous speech which an earlier investigation by the present author had suggested. It was hypothesized that, because of channel differences and because of differences in the linguistic structure of formal writing and extemporaneous speech, reading comprehension was a more precise form of language processing than listening to this type of material. Data to test this hypothesis were obtained by administering a test of precision in literal comprehension to a sample of undergraduate students who had been exposed either to passages of spontaneous speech or equivalent written passages. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant difference between the mean scores of the listening group and the mean score of both an untimed reading group and a reading group whose reading time had been matched to the time available to the listeners. It was concluded that normal reading comprehension, at least at the literal level in mature readers, was shown to be a more precise form of language processing than listening to spontaneous speech.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:VLS, author = "Anonymous", title = "Visible language as speech written down", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "52", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Walklin:1977:LAC, author = "Carol Walklin", title = "Letters, Art, and Children", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "53--62", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Letterforms provide a natural and useful medium for teaching visual awareness, creativity and many basic art education ideas to young children. The work of English children is illustrated showing their experimentation with letter symbols, handwriting, word shapes and printed textures.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Quirk:1977:SNW, author = "Randolph Quirk", title = "Setting New Word Records", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "63--74", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bonavia:1977:CWW, author = "David Bonavia", title = "{China}'s War of Words", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "75--78", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Reprinted from \booktitle{Far Eastern Economic Review}, March 4, 1977, pp. 20--21.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "This brief article examines problems associated with language reform in China.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1977:BRC, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {Catalogue of the Edward Clark Library (with typographical notes by Harry Carter and an essay on the Printing of Illustrations by Frank P. Restall). P. J. W. Kilpatrick, general editor. Edinburgh: privately printed for Napier College of Commerce and Technology, Lothian Regional Council, 1976. Two volumes, 685 pages, 74 illustrations. ISBN 0-902703-12-9}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "79--86", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1977:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "87--89", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "90--90", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:CAI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Cumulative Author Index for {Volumes I--X}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "1", pages = "91--96", month = "Winter", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N1_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:DC, author = "Anonymous", title = "Diagram of Contents", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "2--3", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marcus:1977:EM, author = "Aaron Marcus", title = "At the Edge of Meaning", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "4--21", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "The use of video, computer graphics, and holographic communication suggest that a diagrammatic, three-dimensional typography is an appropriate means of visible language to express the potential of these media. This special issue of Visible Language explores some aspects of such an approach to visible language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Franke:1977:OCP, author = "Herbert W. Franke", title = "Observations Concerning Practical Visual Languages", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "22--32", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Normal means of communication --- human languages --- are very well suited to a description of linear order. As one makes use of the verbal system in almost all spheres of culture, there follows involuntarily an orientation to certain regularities. One tends to recognize chronological and casual orders and to overlook other types of connections. According to modern knowledge other relationships have at least as much importance in our world, e.g., reciprocity effects, feedback, and cyclical process. For the description of all so-called network connections, one needs a more visual coding system. In the verbal realm a complex system exists that is distinguished by its applicability to a great number of conditions, but there are only starting points in the visual sector. It is to be expected that there will gradually come into existence a normal visual grammar. In this way, new visual languages may develop which are as practical as verbal languages. Starting points can be seen in diagrams for automata that are used in general automata theory. As a step in this direction examples should be examined which have already proven successful in scientific realms, namely representation by graphs and by Venn diagrams.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Howe:1977:SR, author = "Nelson Howe", title = "To the Sincere Reader", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "32--32", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "An experimental diagrammatic image to score a poetry performance is presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ockerse:1977:D, author = "Thomas Ockerse", title = "Documentracings", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "33--37", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Two documentracings are presented. Documentracing record time-space events or objects through collecting fragments in a programmed manner.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Knowlton:1977:CPG, author = "Ken Knowlton and Leon Harmon", title = "Computer-Produced Grey Scales", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "38--49", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Pictorial output from computers is usually binary --- that is, microscopically black or white at a point owing to the physical processes involved. A number of techniques have been developed in the past to derive subjective grey values using binary-output devices. Several new extensions of these techniques are reported here. The basic procedure is to quantize space into cells which are filled with different sizes and shapes of black areas on a white background (or vice versa). We include several examples which result from judicious selection of patterns or from rules which divide cells into particular classes of black and white regions. Some of the results raise intriguing questions about the physiology and psychology of vision.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kostelanetz:1977:N, author = "Richard Kostelanetz", title = "On Numbers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "50--51", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "A visual poetic presentation is presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Price:1977:S, author = "Jonathan Price and Joel Katz", title = "Signs", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "52--67", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "The signage encountered in the urban environment constitutes the material for an authentic American poetry. The collaborators of the verbi-visual poem ``Signs'' describe and analyze their contributions to the final work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cumming:1977:SSS, author = "Robert Cumming", title = "``{Sentence} Structures'' and ``A Structure''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "68--69", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Finlay:1977:S, author = "Ian Hamilton Finlay", title = "`{Sundial}'", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "70--70", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "A poem is located three-dimensionally on street furniture.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sky:1977:PW, author = "Alison Sky", title = "The Public Word", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "71--80", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "The priorities moulding the development of word/images constructed specifically to function within the public domain and those accepted as ``art'' have been very different and separate issues. This article is concerned with the possibility of developing a new public language --- an alternative to the one now existing which is largely consecrated to consumption. An examination is made of billboard advertisements and movie marquee slogans. Graffiti is presented as an example of language inversion, establishing it as an intrusion on the high pressure message of advertising and potentially the closest thing to a public poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1977:RTE, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "Reflection on the Theme: At the Edge of Meaning", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "81--92", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "In a changing typographic world, the one constant is writing --- the rational ordering, recording and communicating of intelligent thought. Governments and institutions no longer feel any concern about the teaching of writing. Universities, not only art and design schools, should assume a new responsibility for instruction in the planning of every material as well as intellectual aspect of handwritten, mechanized or computerized writing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:1977:SBD, author = "Daniel Friedman", title = "A Study in Basic Design and Meaning", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "93--101", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Work and commentary from a basic design course created to explore and control visual perception is presented.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kenedy:1977:WDS, author = "R. C. Kenedy", title = "{Wortgebilde Durch Spiel und Kombinatorik}: Or, Why {Duchamps} Loved Words", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "102--127", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Meaningful art criticism in not possible unless the terms of language-description are successfully applied to the art historian's themes. Because there is no generally valid scheme of metalinguistics to embrace the different means of communicating visual language information, for its special purposes this study resurrects Saussure's distinction between the lexical and the arbitrary in order to examine the intellectual implications of Marcel Duchamp's oeuvre. The argument examines the rhetorical features of visual form in discussing the work and attempts to suggest broader issues, of sociopolitical significance, through their analysis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:AB, author = "Anonymous", title = "Abstract\slash Biography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "128--134", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1977:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "135--139", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:DN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Design Notes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "140--140", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:PN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Production Notes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "141--141", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1977:BM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[Back matter]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "2", pages = "142--143", month = "Spring", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 08:32:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N2_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "243--245", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hellerstein:1977:PCG, author = "Nina S. Hellerstein", title = "{Paul Claudel} and {Guillaume Apollinaire} as Visual Poets: {{\booktitle{Id{\'e}ogrammes occidentaux}}} and {{\booktitle{Calligrammes}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "245--270", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Paul Claudel and Guillaume Apollinaire both experimented with visual forms in an effort to incorporate a more synthetic and immediate experience into their poetry. The letters of the Id{\'e}ogramme and the shapes of the Calligramme do not reproduce reality as much as they translate the fundamental images and world-view of the authors into the visual mode. In both cases the linearity of writing symbolizes movement and time while the larger unit, word or sentence-shape, imposes a more immobile, spatial form upon this movement. For both authors, in spite of differences, this synthetic aspect of visual logic expresses the structure of the real world, which is a dynamic and simultaneous interaction of multiple phenomena, yet is constant evolution.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McCarthy:1977:CLA, author = "Lenore McCarthy", title = "A Child Learns the Alphabet", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "271--284", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "This study chronicles the process in which a young child teaches herself to write the letters of the alphabet. The letters which she chose to learn may be classified into categories containing distinctive features of circles: O, C, Q; straight lines: L, I, T, E, F, H; lines and loops: B, P, R; and angles: M, N, Z, K, V, W. The four stages through which the child progressed before she was able to recall the graphic form of a letter which only the letter name was mentioned were: Stage I, the letter must be visible so that the child could copy the form; Stage II, the distinctive features of a letter written in the air facilitated recognition of the graphic form; Stage III, the verbal description of the letter enabled the child to write the letter; and Stage IV, the name of the letter was sufficient information to enable the child to produce the letter. Implications for further research and possible teaching methods are recommended.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Allington:1977:EGS, author = "Richard L. Allington and Michael Strange", title = "Effects of Grapheme Substitutions in Connected Text Upon Reading Behaviors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "285--297", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "It has been suggested that good readers make better use of semantic/syntactic information than do poor readers and that the former group uses relatively less graphic information compared to the latter group. To test these hypotheses, minor visual alterations were inserted in words in connected text. Fifteen good and 15 poor readers at the fourth grade level orally read two of these altered passages. Results indicated the good readers' rate of reading was significantly faster and that this group made fewer miscalls in overall word identification. However, there were no differences in ratio of textually acceptable miscalls, and poor readers' responses to altered words seemed less bound to graphic cues than those of the good readers. Neither comparison supported the above hypothesis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:DPF, author = "Anonymous", title = "Decorative page from {{\booktitle{Festschrift of Originals}}} given to and in honor of {Paul A. Bennett} by {The Typophiles, New York City}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "298--298", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bank:1977:CAB, author = "Arnold Bank", title = "Calligraphy of {Arnold Bank}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "299--306", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "The following selection of work is from the recent exhibition --- Arnold Bank: Artist, Scholar, Teacher --- held at the Hunt Library, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh. Arnold Bank is a calligrapher and has been a professor of design at Carnegie-Mellon since 1962. The exhibition was coordinated by Ann Skoog, librarian of the Fine and Rare Book Room of the Hunt Library.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hatherly:1977:RR, author = "Ana Hatherly", title = "The Reinvention of Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "307--320", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "The concrete poetry movement started simultaneously in Europe and in Brazil. Although they agreed on fundamentals, the Brazilians/Portuguese --- with a background in traditional poetry --- were concerned with spatialization of the text and its relation to music, while the Europeans --- with a background in graphics and architecture --- were more influenced by the plastic arts. For both the concrete poem becomes a relational field of functions yielding tensions of word-things in space-time, and extending the boundaries of reading beyond the traditional literary limits. The author illustrates and discusses her own ``image-texts'' --- studies in the illegibility or ambiguity of writing and the disintegration of language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nesbitt:1977:DLI, author = "Alexander Nesbitt", title = "The Designer and Language {II}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "321--324", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1977:SOM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation of \booktitle{Visible Language}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "324--324", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The report says 1679 average copies per issue for past twelve months.", } @Article{Bigelow:1977:BRD, author = "Charles A. Bigelow", title = "Book Review: {David Kindersley. \booktitle{Optical Letter Spacing for New Printing Systems}. London: Wynkyn de Worde Society, 1976. 4-1/2 $ \times $ 11 inches. 40 pp., 45 figs. ISBN 0-85331-360-1. (Distributed by Lund Humphries Publishers Ltd.)}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "325--329", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Herrick:1977:C, author = "Earl M. Herrick and Laurence Urdang", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "330--332", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Hewes:1976:C,Jaquith:1976:DAP}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1977:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "333--335", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "3", pages = "336--336", month = "Summer", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:11:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N3_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Barthes:1977:LRR, author = "Roland Barthes", title = "Letter to {Randolph Runyon}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "338--338", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ungar:1977:BES, author = "Steven Ungar", title = "Beyond the Empire of Signs", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "338--338", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Barthes:1977:ELS, author = "Roland Barthes", title = "Excerpt: {{\booktitle{L'Empire des Signes}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "339--340", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Caplan:1977:NLB, author = "Jay Caplan", title = "Nothing But Language: on {Barthes}'s {{\booktitle{Empire of Signs}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "341--362", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The last several pages of this article form the first column of pages of succeeding articles: what confusing nonsense!", } @Article{Conley:1977:BES, author = "Tom Conley", title = "{Barthes}'s {{\booktitle{Exc{\`e}s}}}: The Silent Apostrophe of {S/Z}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "355--385", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite the elaborate coding of a rhetorical analysis exploiting Marxist and Lacanian views of the printed letter in all its materiality, S/Z represses the hidden chi which both generates and destroys the narrative of Balzac's ``Sarrasine.'' Barthes may omit reference to this character of the text because its energies might violate his systems of interpretation. Based as they are on a privilege of castration, they veil the dumbfounding assault of the letters which would otherwise obliterate his interpretive gesture. Through an alternative reading of ``Sarrasine,'' we imply that the chi purloined from S/Z indicates how Barthes sees as the basis of all {\'e}criture at zero-degree a font of repression.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gallop:1977:B, author = "Jane Gallop", title = "``B S''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "364--387", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Contemporaneous with the composition of his book S/Z, Roland Barthes wrote Sade, Fourier, Loyola. Reducing this second book to three figures (SFL: the abbreviation used by Barthes and others to refer to this text), as Barthes reduces the Balzac story ``Sarrasine'' to three figures, S/Z, and following the example of what Barthes does with those figures as signifiers in the center of S/Z, we tease out a similar dynamic in the diacritical relation of SFL to other possible groups of letters, a dynamic resonant with what we find being played out on other levels of the book (semantic, thematic, ideological), so that the insistence of the letter marks our point of disruptive entry into Barthes's well-defended system.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Runyon:1977:FAD, author = "Randolph Runyon", title = "Fragments of An Amorous Discourse: Canon in Ubis", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "387--389", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "The cover of Roland Barthes's recent Fragments d'un discours amoureux presets a puzzle for the reader: a fragment of a painting of Tobias and the Angel, it constitutes an opaque glaze, a scumble, through which the reader scans the text that follows. The configuration created by that frame seems to form the letter R. A prolonged gaze discloses prefigurations of Roland's childhood in the Apocryphal story on which the painting is based, makes possible a reading of Goethe's Werther as a parallel to that noncanonical legend, and reveals Barthes's name inscribed within a short story of Balzac. Alternatively playing the roles of Tobias, angel and fish, Barthes and the reader engage in canonical imitation, a reunion of readers and lovers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ungar:1977:WLB, author = "Steven Ungar", title = "From Writing to the Letter: {Barthes} and Alphabetese", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "390--400", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", abstract = "Roland Barthes's career as a critic can be measured by the various definitions and functions which he has given to writing. While his earliest works emphasized its social and institutional dimensions, he has more recently sought to develop a revised version of Saussurian semiology into a social critique which he terms semioclastics. In his 1970 preface to the alphabet of the fashion designer Ert{\'e}, Barthes finds a semiotic system which allows him to combine these interests in an extended commentary of the alphabetical letter and on alphabetism as an autonomous semiotic entity.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% TO DO: V11N4_1977_E.pdf stops at page 400, so there are about 30 %%% pages unaccounted for, and thus still unchecked. The typesetting of %%% much of this issue is bizarre, with overlapping articles, and %%% uncertain titling. @Article{Baudin:1977:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "430--430", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "430--430", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "432--432", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1977:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XI}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XI", number = "4", pages = "432--??", month = "Autumn", year = "1977", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 13 09:31:17 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V11N4_1977_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% PDF file V12N1_1978_E has jumbled pages @Article{Massaro:1978:SMR, author = "Dominic W. Massaro", title = "A Stage Model of Reading and Listening", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "3--26", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Language processing is the abstracting of meaning from a physical signal such as a printed text of sequence of speech sounds. The goal of an information-processing model is to describe how language is processed, not simply what the reader or listener must know to understand language. Language processing is viewed as a sequence of internal processing stages or operations that occur between the language stimulus and meaning. The operations of a particular stage take time and transform the information in some way, making the transformed information available to the following stage of processing. In the present model the storage component describes the nature of the information at a particular stage of processing whereas the functional component describes the operations of a stage of processing. The information-processing model is used heuristically to incorporate data and theory from a variety of studies of language processing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pastore:1978:PAC, author = "Richard E. Pastore", title = "Phonemes and Alphanumeric Characters: Possible Components of Parallel Human Communications Systems", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "27--42", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Alphanumeric characters and phonemes can be viewed as information codes used by human communication systems. If such communication systems were designed to be effective, then we should expect to find certain characteristics which should be manifested in the nature of the physical representations of the information codes and in the perception of these codes. These characteristics are discussed in terms of their importance to communication systems in general and their manifestations in human audible and visible language. When viewed from the perspective of such communication systems, we should expect to find many parallels in the perception of alphanumeric characters and phonemes. This paper examines some of these parallels, drawing upon our knowledge of human perception.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frith:1978:PMP, author = "Uta Frith", title = "From Print to Meaning and from Print to Sound, or How to Read Without Knowing How to Spell", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "43--54", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Two groups of 12-year-olds, both of normal intelligence and reading age, were compared. One group consisted of good spellers, the other of poor spellers. The two groups were equally good at reading single words and sentences. However, they differed on other reading tasks, notably with nonsense words and other tasks involving conversion of print into sound. The differences indicated that the poor spellers were proficient at going from print directly to meaning, but were impaired at converting print to sound. In contrast, the good spellers shower mastery of both aspects of reading, converting print to meaning and converting print to sound.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baron:1978:USS, author = "Jonathan Baron and June Hodge", title = "Using Spelling--Sound Correspondences Without Trying to Learn Them", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "55--70", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Adult subjects learned spoken responses to nonsense words written in an artificial alphabet. Correspondences between letters and phonemes were hidden by the use of right-to-left correspondences. Even though subjects did not notice the existence of correspondences, they were able to decode new nonsense words in the same alphabet. In a second experiment, nonsense words written with hidden correspondences were read more quickly than nonsense words without correspondences. A third experiment suggested that this effect was due to the fact that similar words had similar responses. In general, the results suggest that correspondences can be used without the use of special correspondences, but when this occurs, people use examples rather than knowledge of the correspondences themselves.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Martin:1978:VRD, author = "James G. Martin and Richard H. Meltzer and Carol B. Mills", title = "Visual Rhythms: Dynamic Text Display for Learning to Read a Second Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "71--80", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "A method is described in which sentences are presented in a dynamic visual display. A television monitor is used to present simultaneously the visual and auditory versions of a sentence, with each of its successive visual and auditory syllables yoked in parallel; the onset of each visual syllable is synchronized with the onset of each syllable as it is heard through the auditory channel. The result is a sentence which ``grows'' left-to-right across the screen, one syllable at a time, in ``visual rhythm.'' In an experiment, the subjects were three groups of secondary-school students learning Spanish as a second language. In training sessions, the rhythmic group saw the sentences in ``visual rhythm,'' the unrhythmic group saw the same sentences but in static visual display, and the control group had no exposure to either visual-auditory display. Before and after training, all groups provided pre-test and post-test measures of oral reading fluency. The dependent measure was pre-test to post-test relative change in judged reading fluency. The results favored the rhythmic group.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Levy:1978:SAD, author = "Betty Ann Levy", title = "Speech Analysis During Sentence Processing: Reading and Listening", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "81--102", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "The present paper is concerned with the role of speech recoding during reading. Specifically, it examines information processing with respect to where reading and listening might come to share common mechanisms during comprehension. The paper is divided into four sections. The first section contains a review of evidence related to the issue of whether speech recoding is necessary prior to lexical access. The weight is against this view. The second section of the paper explores an alternative view --- namely that speech recoding occurs in working memory, where word units are held in a speech form until comprehension of phrases or sentences occurs. Section three describes an experiment which shows that disrupting word information in memory does not lead to semantic comprehension failure. These results suggest that reading does not occur by converting visual signals into a speech code until comprehension occurs. Finally, general discussion centers on models of visual language processing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1978:B, author = "Anonymous", title = "Biography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "103--103", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1978:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Acknowledgements", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "104--104", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1978:RAA, author = "Anonymous", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "105--110", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1978:GI, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "1", pages = "111--112", month = "Winter", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N1_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% v12 n2 has a journal redesign, with a table of contents showing only %%% first author family names and initial page numbers. Page numbers %%% appear on the left edge, but are sometimes truncated to the last one %%% or two digits in the PDF file. The page layout of all of volume 12 %%% is landscape. Pages with author biographies and comments sometimes %%% precede the title page, but are included in the page range. @Article{Bormuth:1978:VVL, author = "John Bormuth", title = "Value and Volume of Literacy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "118--161", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "This study set out to determine the volume and monetary value of literacy and to trace their growth over the past generation. The literacy consumed was taken to be the information that people exchange via the written word, and the literacy production industry was seen as having three major components --- one that produces materials, another that distributes them, and a third that teaches people to read and write. Various product counts were used to index the volume of output for each production component, and the time that people spend reading and writing was used to index the volume of literacy consumed. These unit counts were examined individually within each component, comparing them to population size to determine their growth during the period studied. Then dollar values were assigned to these unit measures, and a national literacy account was formed, first, to estimate the total monetary value of the nation's literacy and, second, to estimate the net value of literacy and the benefit-cost ratio of the literacy program and to examine their trends. It was possible to infer from these data that a large and growing fraction of the population has reached a high and increasing level of literacy, that literacy has been worth many times what it cost to produce, that literacy is one of the nation's most important economic activities, that personal and social investments in literacy have been rising, but that the nation has yet to reach the point where it would consider itself literate.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Arnheim:1978:SAG, author = "Rudolf Arnheim", title = "Spatial Aspects of Graphological Expression", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "162--170", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "The spatial character of a piece of writing or reading is perceptually twofold. Writing and reading establish a close bodily and mental relation between a writer or reader and the surface on which letters are formed. This relation involves two different attitudes. Attitude I, an orthographic relationship to letters, is dominated by vision and evokes a sense of rising and conquering or its opposite, stability. Attitude II, a horizontal relationship, is dominated by action and evokes the senses of near and far, outgoing and withholding, active and passive. In the process of writing or reading the attitudes fuse, combining a detached self with a self that actively engages in reaching a goal.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cowie:1978:BCA, author = "Frederick J. Cowie", title = "{Boniface} (c. 675--754): Archbishop, Legate, and {Postmaster General}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "171--182", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Boniface was the prime mover in the transalpine Church during the eighth century, forming dioceses in Germany while reorganizing and reforming those in Bavaria and Frankland. To accomplish this, he made use of a communion of believers, including Anglo-Saxons, Franks, Germans and Italians. Among the participants were monks, nuns, counts, kings and popes. To keep this spiritalis communio alive and healthy, Boniface had to devise a communication system which covered all of Roman Christendom. His postal service consisted primarily of highly educated priests, performing the duties of mailmen, delivery men and ambassadors-at-large. This network of envoys formed a ``barbarian'' answer to the Roman cursus publicis, while laying the groundwork for the missi dominici of Charlemagne's empire.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1978:ELL, author = "James Hartley and Peter Burnhill and Lindsey Davis", title = "The Effects of Line Length and Paragraph Denotation on Retrieval of Information from Prose Text", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "183--194", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Grade-school children read either two-column (each column 20 ems) of a single-column (42 ems) of text in one of four ways that indicated new paragraphs. Students were assigned to find missing words to measure the readability of the various systems. The results suggest that a two-column layout with traditional paragraphing denotation is preferable to a single-column in terms of cost-effectiveness; however, an extreme line-length does not place an undue strain on the reader.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Duffelmeyer:1978:VCP, author = "Frederick Duffelmeyer", title = "The Vowel Cluster: Pronunciation Preferences of Proficient and Non-Proficient Adult Readers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "195--200", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "The purpose of this research was to determine whether the results of a study conducted by Johnson and Venezky (1976) are generalizable to non-proficient adult readers. One hundred eight college undergraduates for whom grade-equivalent scores on a standardized reading test were available were administered the same pronunciation test used by Johnson and Venezky. The pronunciation test data of the subjects whose grade-equivalent scores placed them in either the upper (proficient readers) or lower (non-proficient readers) quartiles were subsequently analyzed. The proficient reader results coincided with the Johnson and Venezky results, but the non-proficient reader results did not. These data were interpreted as suggesting that the vowel cluster pronunciation preferences of adult readers vary as a function of reading competency.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Foster:1978:LLR, author = "Jeremy Foster", title = "Locating Legibility Research: a Guide for the Graphic Designer", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "201--205", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "A review of legibility research published between 1972 and 1976 yielded 285 references. The journals which most frequently contain reports on legibility research are indicated. A list of those journals likely to be most useful to the designer wishing to keep abreast of the literature is provided.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Weber:1978:BRW, author = "Rose-Marie Weber", title = "Book Review: What did {I} write? {Marie M. Clay. \booktitle{What Did I Write?} Auckland: Heinemann Educational Books, 1975. 7 1/2 $ \times $ 9 inches. 78 pp.}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "206--209", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1978:AFD, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "Abstracts: {Fran{\c{c}}ais}; {Deutsch}; {Espa{\~n}ol}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "211--219", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1978:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "220--221", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1978:GI, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "222--222", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1978:SOM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation of \booktitle{Visible Language}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "222--222", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The report says 1784 average copies per issue for past twelve months.", } @Article{Anonymous:1978:C, author = "Anonymous", title = "Colophon", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "2", pages = "222--222", month = "Spring", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:25:40 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N2_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue is set in 9 on 12 Press Roman by IBM Selectric to facilitate the drop-down paragraphing. Wide tables and wide-measure reading examples suggested the major shift in format. Design by Ed Fisher Jr., Pittsburgh.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V12N3_1978_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents %%% of this issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Hedges:1978:CWM, author = "Inez Hedges", title = "Cinematic Writing of {Maurice Roche}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "Summer", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hubert:1978:PVP, author = "Ren{\'e}e Riese Hubert", title = "{Ponge}: Visual and Poetic Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "Summer", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Andermatt:1978:WLL, author = "Verna Andermatt", title = "Writing the Letter: Lower-Case of h{\'e}l{\`e}ne cixous", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "Summer", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McKenna:1978:DHP, author = "A. J. McKenna", title = "{Derrida} and His Precursors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "Summer", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Conley:1978:S, author = "Tom Conley", title = "{Serres} ({{\'E}})", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "Summer", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lydon:1978:LLM, author = "Mary Lydon", title = "Love Letters: {Michel Butor} and Visible Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "Summer", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ames:1978:MLD, author = "S. S. Ames", title = "{Mallarm{\'e}}'s Letters in {Duras}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "Summer", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rodriguez:1978:RWV, author = "L. S. Rodriguez", title = "Readable\slash Writable\slash Visible", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "Summer", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N3_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% PDF file V12N4_1978_E has jumbled pages @Article{Anonymous:1978:ABa, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "388--388", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1978:GIS, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "General Information. {Subscription} Rates. {Reprints} and Back Copies. {Manuscripts}. {Letters} to the Editor. {Advertising}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "389--389", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marcel:1978:URE, author = "Tony Marcel", title = "Unconscious Reading: Experiments on People Who Do Not Know They Are Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "391--404", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See correction in figure layout \cite{Anonymous:1979:ERT}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "The work reported in this paper is theoretically, methodologically and practically relevant for reading in particular and perception in general. It is relevant theoretically because it forces a distinction between conscious and unconscious processes. It is relevant methodologically because it suggests the importance of investigating perceptual processes in an indirect way. It is relevant practically because assessment of reading ability often relies on oral performance and this many turn out not always to reflect what we mean by ``reading.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cosmos:1978:TVS, author = "Spencer Cosmos", title = "Toward a Visual Stylistics: Assent and Denial in {Chaucer}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "406--427", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "In this essay I describe a distribution among various expressions meaning ``yes'' and ``no'' in the poetry of Geoffrey Chaucer. Although it is true that the distinctions receive phonological as well as graphic expression, it is nevertheless my argument that the systemic character of the contrasts belongs fundamentally and essentially to visible rather than to audible language. I demonstrate this by showing that variations in the spelling of these expressions, distinguishing no from nay and yes from yea, are quite explicably systematic in the highly literate poetry of Chaucer, but in free variation in records preserving the oral traditions of alliterative verse. The implication of this research which I believe will most interest students of writing is this: if it is true that these contrasts --- which are expressed both in writing and speech --- are systemic only in writing, then the visible form of expression must be afforded the status of language in every significant sense of that term as used in modern linguistics. In this research we have, in other words, further evidence that writing and speech are not simply alternative modes of expressing language, but rather that each is quite fully and integrally a language in its own right.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cox:1978:GCP, author = "Charles H. {Cox III} and Barry A. Blesser and Murray Eden", title = "Graphical Context of Printed Characters", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "428--447", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "The notion of a grammar together with the concept of contextual modification of meaning have proved to be powerful means for studying verbal communication. It is natural to seek to apply these methods to other modes of communication. Not surprisingly, attempts along this line have already been made. For example, Eden and Halle (1959, 1961) first presented a grammar for cursive English writing in 1959. He decomposed words into strokes and further decomposed strokes into segments. Rankin and co-workers (1965, 1966, 1970) presented a generative grammar for Chinese ideograms. This grammar, when used in conjunction with a lexicon of basic shapes, was capable of generating 80\% of the ideograms in Mattheus' (1960) dictionary. More recently, Rosenfeld (1975) has explored Web grammars as a means for representing general two-dimensional images.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mosenthal:1978:WRR, author = "Peter Mosenthal and Sean Walmsley and Richard Allington", title = "Word Recognition Reconsidered: Toward a Multi-Context Model", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "448--468", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", abstract = "A significant yet poorly understood question in the literature of reading research is what is meant by the process of ``decoding'' or ``word recognition.'' Of particular interest are the differences between good and poor readers with respect to these skills. Although much research has been conducted in an attempt to define ``decoding'' and ``word recognition,'' this research has been quite fragmented. This stems partly from the fact that this research has focused equally on a few variables at a time --- e.g., word frequency, word length, word meaningfulness and word imagery --- and has failed to control for the interaction between these variables. Another reason is that there has been little attempt to operationalize systematically what it means to say a word has been ``decoded.'' Most operational definitions of decoding have emphasized identification or reproduction of physical aspects of a word; e.g., speed by which words can be pronounced, recognized or compared under various tachistoscopic time-frame conditions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1978:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "469--474", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1978:AB, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "475--475", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1978:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XII}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "476--479", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1978:CNB, author = "Anonymous", title = "Credits. {Note}. {Back} numbers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XII", number = "4", pages = "480--480", month = "Autumn", year = "1978", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 06:51:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V12N4_1978_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% v13 reverts to conventional portrait, but the PDF scans %%% are two-up landscape. No months or seasons are present on the %%% cover page. @Article{Lehman:1979:TLC, author = "Charles Lehman", title = "Teaching and Learning The Craft of Handwriting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "4--15", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Handwriting is a traditional craft in its own right with its own criteria of quality. Successful selection of appropriate tools, techniques and letter designs for modern handwriting education requires a collaboration of experienced classroom teachers, educational researchers and traditional craftsmen to share their understanding of the developing psychology of the learner, the historical and modern development of handwriting models and the techniques and materials needed for personal proficiency in performing the craft. The result of such collaboration can be found in writings of some calligraphers and in the instructional programs currently used in some schools.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Graves:1979:LCS, author = "Donald H. Graves", title = "Let Children Show Us How to Help Them Write", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "16--28", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Preliminary findings are presented from a current two-year MIE case study observing the development of primary children's composing, spelling, and motor behaviors during the writing process. Handwriting is influenced by all phases of the writing process and problems unique to different stages of the writer's development. Children's earliest efforts at writing resemble their speech habits in their lack of organization. Later, when children choose their own writing topics, the language for expression, and written format, the compositions become more successful. Handwriting is one component of writing that illustrates the nature of children's decision making processes. Teachers attempt to guide the children's craft to greater clarity in drawing letters, word order, word separation, page placement, and later, in rewriting and use of prosodic techniques.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Macleod:1979:DAT, author = "Iain Macleod and Peter Procter", title = "A Dynamic Approach to Teaching Handwriting Skills", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "29--42", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "A computer-based system for teaching handwriting skills has been developed, using a graphic display screen and a hand-held ``pen.'' The system is such that exercises can be completed only by executing the required sequence of strokes in the specified order and direction and within a preset accuracy. In the simplest presentation, a thin guideline is displayed for each stroke in turn. The computer responds to correct pen movements by leaving a thicker track behind. Incorrect pen movements are ignored and a blinking spot calls attention to the point where the pen should be. The resultant visual pattern is the teacher's well-formed example rather than the student's actual strokes, thus reinforcing the appearance of the desired result rather than the student's possibly ill-formed attempts. The system emphasizes the process used in creating cursive writing as well as the appearance of the product and, in one application, has been used to teach fluent signatures to intellectually handicapped students.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rhodes:1979:CDN, author = "Chris Rhodes", title = "Considerations for the Design of a New Pen Range", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "43--48", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Basic questions that confront a pen designer begin with the style of the nib. Apart from specialists' pens used for commercial marking or technical graphics, the designer is restricted to the fountain pen, the ballpoint, the fibre-tip, the plastic-tip, and the roller-tip. Unique, specialized inks and reservoir systems serve each of these kinds of pens. Each pen's usability is directly affected by its barrel design, which can vary in size for children and adults.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Briem:1979:WHF, author = "Gunnlauger S. E. Briem", title = "Wanted: Handwriting to Fit Pens", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "49--62", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "The limited range of the pointed pen restricted the range of movements that make up the copperplate hand. The ball-point and the fibre-tip can write in any direction and do not fit the motion patterns that modern handwriting inherited from the copperplate. Analysis of the late roman cursive, a monoline documentary hand, might yield some alternative solutions in the rethinking of handwriting models for children.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gray:1979:TNH, author = "Nicolete Gray", title = "Towards a New Handwriting Adapted to the Ballpoint Pen", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "63--69", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Modern ballpoint and fibre pens are radically different in design and construction, and they can move with equal ease in all directions. The capacity for all-direction line movement fosters development of more convenient and efficient letter designs and combinations. After rejecting the typographic models and debased cursive designs used for formal writing in the past, the natural scribble of children is taken as a beginning point for all-direction cursive writing. By integrating such handwriting with the teaching of reading and other language arts, the habit of legible handwriting can easily flow into an adult hand characterized as fast, pleasurable, and flexible enough for individual expression. Certain historic hands, late roman cursive, gothic, and secretary, offer examples of contradictory rhythms that support the goal of all-direction writing movement. Specific new models are presented for modern writing but only as provisional designs. Experimental interpretations are encouraged; standard techniques for penhold are questioned in favor of new possibilities that reflect the all-direction approach to writing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Osley:1979:CRH, author = "A. S. Osley", title = "Cannons of {Renaissance} Handwriting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "70--94", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Due to the greatly increased demand for clear, rapid handwriting by secretaries in the service of government, church, and commerce, Renaissance writing masters found themselves playing an important role as instructors. In producing their manuals for students, the writing masters utilized the recent technically developed script of scholars and diplomats and churchmen, the cancellaresca cursiva. The teaching of seven Renaissance writing masters is assembled to examine separately what the masters had to say about basic elements of writing --- slope, pen angle, letter proportion, length of ascenders, spacing, and joining. Having thus identified the fundamental canons that regulated the classic chancery hand of the Renaissance, the author applies them to modern systems of italic handwriting and concludes that the models of Alfred Fairbank as seen in his Handwriting Manual and the Beacon Writing Series come closest to the spirit and teaching of the early writing masters. He supports the use of the edged pen as a teaching aid for young children.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1979:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "95--99", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 07:15:19 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "100--101", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 07:15:19 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "102--103", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 07:15:19 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1979:SOM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation of \booktitle{Visible Language}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "1", pages = "103--103", month = "Winter", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 07:15:19 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N1_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The report says 1788 average copies per issue for past twelve months.", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "107--107", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:01:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1979:EAI, author = "Dirk Wendt", title = "An Experimental Approach to the Improvement of the Typographic Design of Textbooks", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "108--133", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Three different approaches were taken to try to improve the legibility of a textbook for secondary school: (1) two columns of about 58 mm (15 picas) line width instead of one column of about 126 mm (32 picas) line width, (2) insertion of additional space between the constituents of the sentences to convey the phrase structure of the text, and (3) ``visualizing'' the information by structuring it vertically and horizontally in such a way that the total design is more appropriate to the visual medium. In an experimental test of a lesson in physics printed in a standard version and in the above three experimental versions, given to 600 students, only the third on (``visualization'') showed an improvement over the standard version.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Unger:1979:DT, author = "Gerard Unger", title = "The Design of a Typeface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "134--149", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "The design of Demos typeface was the result of technical as well as aesthetic considerations. Demos was designed for the Hell CRT Digiset, an electronic composition process that creates type by vertical lines. Curves and angles appear smooth only after emulsion. Rather than falling back on hot-metal methods, the unique characteristics of the Digiset were used to determine the design, ever mindful that visual appearance is the final arbiter of any letterform design. All of the type for this issue of Visible Language has been set in Demos for the Hell Digiset; a few of the typographic elements have been set in the companion face Praxis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brann:1979:MDP, author = "Noel L. Brann", title = "A Monastic Dilemma Posed by the Invention of Printing: the Context of {{\booktitle{De laude Scriptorum Manualium}}} by {Abbot Johann Trithemius} (1462--1516)", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "150--167", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "By no means was the invention of printing universally looked upon by contemporary witnesses an unqualifiable progressive step in the history of mankind; in the monastic scriptorium, for example, the printing art came out into direct competition with the long-cultivated art of handcopying. A Benedictine abbot living in the age of incunabula, the Abbot Trithemius of Sponheim near Kreuznach in Germany, composed his De-laude scriptorum manualium (1492) in support of the proposition that the handcopying of texts is in many respects superior to printing. However, the author was not hostile to the printing art in principle, viewing it on balance as a divinely inspired aid in the golden age of monastic erudition. Far from being a reactionary in the face of the printing revolution, Trithemius was one of printing's most vigorous Renaissance advocates.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marmolin:1979:MRP, author = "Hans Marmolin and Lars-G{\"o}ran Nilsson and Hans Smedshammar", title = "Mediated Reading Process of the Partially Sighted", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "168--183", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "The model presented extend current theorizing about reading by relating the underlying processes of skilled and average readers to those of poor readers. While the non-mediated reading process for skilled readers is immediately directed to the meaning of a word, the reading process for poor readers is mediated by the interruption of the individual letters constituting the word. The continuous interaction between the interpretation of single letters and reading for meaning of the word is what determines the slow reading rate for poor readers. An empirical study was carried out to demonstrate the viability of the present approach. A series of measures were derived to compare the reading process for good and poor partially sighted readers. The locus of the difference in reading rate between the two groups of subjects was confined mainly to the peripheral subprocesses of reading whereas the deeper and more semantic levels of the reading process were less affected.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Larcher:1979:DWL, author = "Jean Larcher", title = "A Different Way of Looking at Typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "184--191", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite the mechanization and mass production of typography, some letter design still retains the aesthetic qualities of individual, hand-executed design. My work is influenced by studies of calligraphy and optical illusions. In addition, the innovative lettering of American graphic artists has shown me semantic influences of letter design in which form contributed to meaning. Nowhere is this concept more alive than in the logotype, the letterform symbol that reflects the essence of a company or institution.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1979:KBAa, author = "Dirk Wendt and Fernand Baudin and Ana Fisch", title = "{Kurzfassung der Beitr{\"a}ge} [{Abstracts} of Journal Articles in {German}, {French}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "192--197", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:01:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "198--198", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:01:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:ERT, author = "Anonymous", title = "Errata: {Re: Tony Marcel, ``Unconscious Reading: Experiments on People Who Do Not Know That They Are Reading,'' XII 4 (Autumn 1978), pp. 319--404}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "2", pages = "199--200", month = "Spring", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:01:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Marcel:1978:URE}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N2_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Correction of figure layout.", } %%% V13N3_1979_E.pdf is missing pages 346--347 @Article{Anonymous:1979:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "207--207", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:13:25 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wing:1979:ISI, author = "Alan M. Wing", title = "Introduction to This Special Issue [on Behavioural Studies of the Handwriting Skill]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "208--208", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:13:25 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Woodworth:1979:FHU, author = "R. S. Woodworth", title = "Facility of Handwriting Using Different Movements", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "209--217", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "R. S. Woodworth is best known among psychologists for his text Experimental Psychology. However, early in his career he produced a research monograph on the accuracy of voluntary movement which included a section on different ways of producing handwriting movements. We reproduce this section here for two reasons: on the one hand it is an early example of a psychologist's interest in handwriting, which he followed up with careful observation; on the other hand it provides a basis for comparison to show the extent to which current work on behavioral aspects of handwriting is not only concerned with measurement but has progressed to possible theoretical interpretation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tuelings:1979:CAA, author = "Hans-Leo H. M. Tuelings and Arnold J. W. M. Thomassen", title = "Computer-Aided Analysis of Handwriting Movements", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "218--231", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "The paper attempts to demonstrate that writing movements --- once recorded on a suitable xy-digitizer --- can be processed and analyzed by means of a computer for many different purposes. This method is used in the authors' laboratory to study the human writing apparatus and, to a smaller extent, the reading of handwriting. From the writing movement certain time and frequency functions are derived and the kinds of information that may be obtained from these functions are briefly indicated. Some feasible practical applications are discussed, and the paper concludes with a suggestion on a new kind of writing instruction.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Watson:1979:CCS, author = "R. S. Watson and P. J. Pobgee", title = "A Computer to Check Signatures", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "232--238", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "A growing need to check people's identity automatically --- as a safeguard against crime --- has led to the development of a computer that verifies signatures by the speed and sequence of pen movements as well as by the finished sample.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ansell:1979:HCF, author = "Michael Ansell", title = "Handwriting Classification of Forsenic Science", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "239--251", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Recent methods of classification of features in handwriting for use in the forensic examination of documents are described, including the computerized system of classification. Developments in the statistical analysis of the way people construct numbers and lay out their writing are reviewed. The potential usefulness of these systems in quantifying the current document examiners' scale of probability for attributing questioned writings to particular authors is examined.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hollerbach:1979:CMH, author = "John Hollerbach", title = "A Competence Model of Handwriting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "252--264", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "It is proposed that handwriting production is fundamentally an oscillatory process arising from two orthogonal joints. Letter shapes emerge from an oscillation train by a process of constrained modulation. The choice of underlying oscillation and modulations limits the diversity of letter shapes and gives rise to a common writing style. The model was tested by synthetic production of human-like cursive script with a mechanical arm under computer control. In this simulation the vertical joint acts as the driving joint, the horizontal joint as the shaping joint. Various force constraints on the oscillations and modulations are proposed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ellis:1979:SP, author = "Andrew W. Ellis", title = "Slips of the Pen", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "265--282", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "A corpus of the author's own slips of the pen is analyzed. Four processing levels --- lexical, graphemic, allographic, and graphic --- are postulated with different types of error being assigned to different levels in the production of handwriting.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wing:1979:VHC, author = "Alan M. Wing", title = "Variability of Handwritten Characters", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "283--298", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Two aspects of the variability of handwriting are considered. In the first part there is a discussion of the effects of variability in the shapes of letters on the legibility. An experiment to compare the relative advantages of cursive and block capital writing is summarized. The second part summarizes experiments concerned with the time taken to prepare handwriting movements and with the variability of the timing of movements in the execution of handwriting.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Thomassen:1979:DDP, author = "Arnold J. W. M. Thomassen and Hans-Leo H. M. Tuelings", title = "The Development of Directional Preference in Writing Movements", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "299--313", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "The paper looks into the origin and the development with age of the preference to make either clockwise or counterclockwise curves and contours in writing and drawing. Twenty-six subjects of four age groups performed four writing and drawing tasks. Two of these were writing single symbols and accurately copying patterns; the other two were free scribbling and drawing repeated circles at a high rate. The developing directional preferences that were observed between four years of age and adulthood suggest that two semi-independent motor systems are involved in writing: one, more primitive, for rapid non-figurative tasks evolving from flexion-first to extension-first; the other, which occurs later but more rapidly under a higher degree of cognitive control, for precision and symbolic functions, favoring counterclockwise curves, irrespective of the writing hand.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sovik:1979:SCP, author = "Nils S{\o}vik", title = "Some Constructional Parameters Related to Children's Copying Performance", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "314--330", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Copying is a common technique for training perceptuo-motor skills such as handwriting. An experiment is described in which stimuli to be copied were presented dynamically or statically close to or distant from children seven and ten years old. The implications of the results for teaching handwriting are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kao:1979:HE, author = "Henry S. R. Kao", title = "Handwriting Ergonomics", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "331--339", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "The purpose of this paper is to suggest a conceptual framework for the handwriting system, consisting of three elements: the hand, the writing instrument, and paper. Within this system the hand control mechanism, the writing instrument design, and their integration in the dynamic writing on the paper are discussed relative to efficient, legible, motivated as well as fatigue-reducing handwriting performance. Based on this system framework, an overview of relevant studies and a proposal for needed areas of research are presented. Designs of the writing instruments (in terms of penpoints, shanks, and other physical characteristics), the reduction of writing fatigue, and comparisons of various instruments are analyzed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1979:KBAb, author = "Dirk Wendt and Fernand Baudin and Ana Fisch", title = "{Kurzfassung der Beitr{\"a}ge} [{Abstracts} of Journal Articles in {German}, {French}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "341--345", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:13:25 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "3", pages = "346--347", month = "Summer", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:13:25 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N3_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "Abstracts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "350--351", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1979:GDP, author = "Sharon Poggenpohl", title = "Graphic Design: a Practice in Search of Theory", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "352--357", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Over the past two years, Visible Language conducted an international survey of design schools in order to determine the kind and vitality of the research effort. This special issue presents the theory, research, and visual experiment that was discovered. The need for developing a theoretical structure, a more integrated approach to research and its impact on design education is explored. The problems associated with these tasks are analyzed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ockerse:1979:SGD, author = "Thomas Ockerse and Hans C. van Dijk", title = "Semiotics and Graphic Design Education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "358--378", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "The difficulty associated with establishing definitions and goals in graphic design education are explored followed by semiotic theory which is being used as a structural basis and metalanguage for students within the graphic design program at the Rhode Island School of Design. Thomas Ockerse and Hans C. van Dijk collaborated in the design of an innovative curriculum which identifies significant communication principles and develops an experimental approach with emphasis on identification of alternative visual possibilities. Specific problems are discussed in terms of theory and complemented by a visual presentation of related student work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stuhr:1979:LFT, author = "David Stuhr", title = "A Language of Form: The Two-Dimensional Isometric System", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "379--409", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "Designers create form in relation to processes or materials, but tradition in design has not established an objective method of inquiry that would lead to an understanding of the relationships present in forms. Rather, a subjective, nonintellectual, nonacademic precedent has persisted. Because an objective method of inquiry, one which would result in an augmented perception and comprehension of form in relation to the visual world, is desirable a recent and extensive search of the current literature was undertaken. This search revealed that an objective point of view does not exist, but a system of relationships used by physical scientists --- classical symmetry theory --- could be adapted for design studies. This system reflects an objective point of view, requires a rigorous academic discipline, and has the possibility of extensive application. Ultimately, it may lead to the formation and conventionalization of a visual language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Manning:1979:NVD, author = "Robert Manning", title = "Notes on the Visual Differential Theory", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "410--427", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "This work attempts to de-mystify and objectify what has been considered by many teachers, students, and practitioners of visual communication to be an intuitive process; namely, the creation of art and communication design. Expressionist art and communication design are not distinct and unrelated practices but are part of a continuum which can be identified and understood. The visual differential theory develops a conceptual model which attempts to show relationships between visual manipulation and its effect on the communication process. The semantic differential technique serves as the basis for establishing the parameters of the model's components: order, graphic, and literal. Once grasped, the model provides the basis for systematic teaching and analysis of the communication design.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reynolds:1979:GIR, author = "Linda Reynolds", title = "The Graphic Information Research Unit: Background and Recent Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "428--448", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", abstract = "For the past 8 years the Graphic Information Research Unit has been working on various projects relating to the legibility of scientific and technical information. Much of this work has been funded by the British Library, and has been concerned with problems such as the degradation of printed images as a result of copying processes, the effects of show-through and other background patterns on legibility, the design of typewritten and typeset bibliographics, the design of COM catalogues, and the design of library guiding systems. The Unit's survey of some of the problems of providing adequate guiding in libraries and museums is summarized, and two recent studies of COM catalogues are described.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Page 449 is a landscape page of artwork @Article{Bigelow:1979:NAT, author = "Charles A. Bigelow", title = "{Native American} Texts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "450--450", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{White:1979:WSD, author = "Constance White", title = "Writing System Design: Finding the Optimal Written Translation of the {English} Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "451--451", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Spencer:1979:IDB, author = "Herbert Spencer and Linda Reynolds and Brian Coe", title = "Image Degradation and Background Noise\slash Legibility", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "452--452", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reynolds:1979:LRV, author = "Linda Reynolds and Herbert Spencer and George Glaze", title = "Legibility and Readability of {Viewdata} Displays", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "453--453", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Skaggs:1979:TMV, author = "Steven Skaggs", title = "Type Manipulation with Video Technology", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "454--454", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tanaka:1979:IWD, author = "Tadao Tanaka", title = "Investigation of the Word Design in the Katakana Form of {Japanese}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "455--455", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kuyper:1979:IHG, author = "Jerry L. Kuyper", title = "Investigation\slash Hand Gestures", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "456--456", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kuyper:1979:ZSS, author = "Jerry L. Kuyper", title = "Zoo Symbol Sign", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "457--457", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Remington:1979:SG, author = "R. Roger Remington", title = "The Sign Game", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "458--459", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marcus:1979:VGI, author = "Aaron Marcus", title = "Visualizing Global Interdependencies", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "460--461", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Remington:1979:HGD, author = "R. Roger Remington", title = "History of Graphic Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "462--462", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:DTA, author = "Anonymous", title = "Design Thesis Abstract", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "463--463", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:CPS, author = "Anonymous", title = "Class Project Survey", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "464--464", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:Ca, author = "Anonymous", title = "Contributors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "465--466", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1979:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Ana Fisch and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {Spanish}, and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "467--470", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:DN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Design Notes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "470--470", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:Cb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Colophon", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "470--470", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1979:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "471--471", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% v13 n4 p472 is an advertisement for the journal @Article{Anonymous:1979:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index [to {Volume XIII}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "473--475", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1979:AB, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIII", number = "4", pages = "476--476", month = "Autumn", year = "1979", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V13N4_1979_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1980:ABa, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1980:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "3--4", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 06:22:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shimron:1980:DVI, author = "Joseph Shimron and David Navon", title = "The Distribution of Visual Information in the Vertical Dimension of {Roman} and {Hebrew} Letters", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "5--12", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Meares:1980:FGB, author = "Olive Meares", title = "Figure\slash ground, Brightness Contrast, and Reading Disabilities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "13--29", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wood:1980:VLP, author = "Richard E. Wood", title = "Visible Language Policy --- Bilingualism and Multinlingualism on Postage Stamps", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "30--51", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{James:1980:SAE, author = "Jean M. James", title = "Signs in {Ancient Egypt}: Another Look at the Relation of Figure to Hieroglyph", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "52--61", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1980:SCT, author = "James Hartley", title = "Spatial Cues in Text: Some Comments on the paper by {Frase \& Schwartz} (1980)", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "62--79", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See corrections to layout \cite{Hartley:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ebsen:1980:C, author = "Alf K. Ebsen", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "80--83", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Comments on several papers in volume 13 number 1. See replies \cite{Briem:1980:CNL,Gray:1980:RE,Macleod:1980:RE,Graves:1980:RE,Osley:1980:RE}", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Briem:1980:CNL, author = "Gunnlauger S. E. Briem", title = "Correspondence: No, late roman cursive wasn't a worm", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "84--84", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gray:1980:RE, author = "Nicolete Gray", title = "Reply [to {Ebsen}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "85--86", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Macleod:1980:RE, author = "Iain Macleod and Peter Procter", title = "Reply [to {Ebsen}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "86--88", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Graves:1980:RE, author = "Donald H. Graves", title = "Reply [to {Ebsen}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "89--89", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Osley:1980:RE, author = "A. S. Osley", title = "Reply [to {Ebsen}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "89--90", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Ebsen:1980:C}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Flach:1980:RM, author = "V. H. Flach", title = "Righting's Merror", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "91--91", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1980:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French} and {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "1", pages = "92--93", month = "Winter", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Mon Feb 15 08:28:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N1_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% PDF file V14N2_1980_E.pdf has jumbled pages @Article{Anonymous:1980:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "98--98", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 06:50:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stratton:1980:WCL, author = "Jon Stratton", title = "Writing and the Concept of Law in {Ancient Greece}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "99--121", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "The concept of law is too often treated as an a-historical category; similarly, the impact of writing (when used as a medium of communication) on the conceptual order and on the social structure of a society has been little analyzed. These two problems are brought together in the context of ancient Greece to demonstrate how the concepts ``law'' and ``justice'' developed in relation to changes in the social structure of that society. The impact of writing on Greek society not only produced the situation in which these changes took place but also helped form those changes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Smith:1980:DCE, author = "Philip T. Smith", title = "In Defense of Conservatism in {English} Orthography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "122--136", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "English orthography presents the reader with many different kinds of linguistic information beyond the simple sound of the word. Evidence from a variety of psycholinguistic tasks shows that both adults and children can exploit this information and this could enable them to read more efficiently. It is argued that a fast and effective writing system need not stay close to the phonemic detail of speech, and shorthand systems are given as further examples of this. Some proposals for spelling reform are briefly evaluated in the light of this evidence.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sakiey:1980:SFC, author = "Elizabeth Sakiey and Edward Fry and Albert Goss and Barry Loigman", title = "A Syllable Frequency Count", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "137--150", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "A frequency count of the syllables in an edited list of the 5,000 most common English words generated an unweighted list of the most common 322 syllables in 5,000 words and a list of 290 syllables weighted by the frequency of occurrence of words of which the syllables were constituents. The unweighted list contained 222 nonword-syllables and 100 word-syllables. The weighted list contained 190 word-syllables and 100 non-word syllables. The latter 290 syllables account for 72 percent of the 5,890,868 syllable tokens in the 5,000 most common English words. These lists are seen as a potential base data for the development of curriculum materials in reading, spelling and other areas. They are also seen as a potential base data for investigations and technologies in readability, computer translation, verbal learning and language acquisition.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wright:1980:STD, author = "Patricia Wright", title = "Strategy and Tactics in the Design of Forms", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "151--193", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper reviews research investigations which relate the design of a form to the difficulties people have in completing the form. A distinction is drawn between researchable issues which will have relevance to many kind of forms (e.g., asking form-fillers to delete what does not apply) and issues which are specific to particular kinds of forms (e.g., the interpretation of terminology). After suggesting that fruitful interactions could be developed between those asking strategic and those asking tactical questions, it is concluded that those who seek simple recipes for designing adequate forms have failed to understand the complexities of the problem.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lyttelton:1980:BS, author = "Humphrey Lyttelton", title = "`{Beware} of the Scribes'", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "194--203", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "This article originally appeared in No. 102 of \booktitle{The journal of the Society for Italic Handwriting} from which it is reprinted with permission.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "In an address to the Society for Italic Handwriting in London the author describes his inherited affliction with Italic Fever --- his pursuit of the proper equipment, his flaunting of his expertise, and his concern for the perpetuation of a humanistic hand.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1980:RAAb, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "204--206", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 06:50:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1980:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "206--207", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 06:50:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1980:C, author = "James Hartley", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "208--208", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 06:50:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Hartley:1980:SCT}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1980:SOM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation of \booktitle{Visible Language}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "2", pages = "208--208", month = "Spring", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 06:50:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N2_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The report says 2023 average copies per issue for past twelve months.", } @Article{Woodruff:1980:CSRa, author = "Lori Woodruff and Susan Warren", title = "Covers: a Stele for {Roland Barthes}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "c1, c2", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 06:50:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1980:ABc, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "210--210", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:15:11 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lydon:1980:VLF, author = "Mary Lydon", title = "Visible Language: {Freud}'s Imprint", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "211--218", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McKenna:1980:LIF, author = "Andrew J. McKenna", title = "Lex Icon: {Freud} and {Rimbaud}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "219--240", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "Rimbaud's project of ``Voyance,'' as articulated in certain letters and poems, engages linguistic processes which are proper to the activity of ``unconscious ideation'' which Freud discovers in jokes and dreams. For both writers, it is largely a matter of seeing as well and hearing language, a matter of language as matter, as writing. Freudian theory thus intersects with Rimbaud's practice, both writers suggesting something like an iconic experience of language. Their common opposition to a pointedly Cartesian mode of discourse binds desire with violence, of which the letter is the single, uncanny mark. When Rimbaud renounces his apocalyptic vision of a fleshy Word incarnate, we find that his flight to Africa connects with Freudian theory at another level: his letters home reveal his poetic adventure, and his rejection of it, as an encounter with the alien and familiar language of his father.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ames:1980:KBO, author = "Sanford S. Ames", title = "Killer Bees: an Ontology in Abeyance", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "241--249", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "Jacques Lacan's Encore, read across French and English, disperses being in an insect-like suspension, a swarm of signifiers inflecting sexual division and mortality. Love would hide the sting of lives exiled in language, overrun the enigma of script in a swarm of incorporation. Visible language is contingency, encounter with the cells of abandoned hives, the serial surreality of the ubiquitous: the letters through which meaning comes to life. Today demographic mutations appear to rival the infinite combinations of words. Microchip humming extensions of biological man stir the breeze with unthinkable cross pollination, to end in honey or ashes. The killer bees are us.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bauer:1980:RGT, author = "George H. Bauer", title = "{Robbe-Grillet} on Target {{\sf Or}} Interrogation by the Numbers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "250--272", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "Numbers as visible language are at the center of one of the legs of Robbe-Grillet's recent triangular novel which focuses on verbal-visual relationships. The work of Jasper Johns provokes a visit to a recent retrospective exhibition from which Robbe-Grillet draws an enigmatic detective tale linked with narratives provoked by the work of Irina Ionesco and Ren{\'e} Magritte. The focus of the enigma is on painting by the numbers that lead to both writing and painting. This essay visibly plays with three and/or more problems suggested in re-counting.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gallop:1980:FIC, author = "Jane Gallop", title = "{Freud}'s Invisible Chiasmus, or You Can't judge a Book by Its Cover", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "273--283", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "On the bookjacket of the English translation of Jean Laplanche's Vie et Mort en psychanalyse appears the Greek letter chi. By paying attention to this most visible, most superficial, and most extrinsic signs, we find that it represents a certain ``return of the repressed'': a return of something that is invisible in Laplanche's text, and perhaps beyond that something that, although absent, haunts the text about which Laplanche is writing, Freud's ``Project for a Scientific Psychology.'' This ``find,'' although theoretically predictable, nonetheless operates as an uncanny effect, and opens for us the question of the relation between theory and practice at the intersection of visible language and psychoanalysis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bartman:1980:DDB, author = "Susanna Bartman", title = "{Defoe}'s Daydream: Becoming {Moll Flanders}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "283--305", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "Donning the layman's cloak of naivet{\'e}, Freud sets out to characterize the ``stuff'' of which literature is made in his 1908 essay ``The Relation of the Poet to Day-Dreaming.'' He traces the connection between the art of daydreaming and the act of writing: writing is the formal transformation of the wish into the text, the work of art. The materiality of language gives the literary text a hide-and-seek quality. It is possible that one might look into the text just as the analyst might decipher the text of the dream, for writing is daydreaming on paper. The proper moment for pinpoint Daniel Defoe's wish as he wrote Moll Flanders has arrived, heralded by Geoffrey Hartman's directive that there is a name (a ``specular name'') hidden within the folds of the text which calls out to be read. This piece seeks to illustrate the transformation of wish into writing by way of the specular name; to deconstruct by staging a brief unveiling of Moll Flanders, text of lace --- of desire.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Skoller:1980:FLC, author = "Eleanor Honig Skoller", title = "Franked Letters: Crossing the Bar", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "306--319", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "The discontinuity of consciousness in Freud's theory of memory which may lie ``at the bottom of the origin of the concept of time'' is manifest in Frank O'Hara's New York poems, especially his walking lunch-hour poems. The inscription of memory traces on the unconscious at the instant of perception (the model for which is the child's toy, the Mystic Writing-Pad) is homologous to the crowd's inscription upon the streets, the paving stones of the city. As Paris was the cityscape of Baudelaire's unconscious so was New York that of O'Hara's. The paper, the poem, is the Barthesian third term: a translation of the surface of the city onto that of the page, a translation into time, measure, number: from stone/city to paper/poem. Frank O'Hara's visible language is New York City on the page.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Woodruff:1980:CSRb, author = "Lori Woodruff and Susan Warren", title = "The Contract: a Stele for {Roland Barthes}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "320--327", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:15:11 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "This essay first appeared in \booktitle{Cream City Review}, VI, 1980. With \booktitle{Roland Barthes: In Memoriam} by Mary Lydon.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1980:RAAc, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "328--332", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:15:11 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1980:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "3", pages = "333--333", month = "Summer", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:15:11 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N3_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1980:ABd, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "338--338", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:30:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1980:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "339--339", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:30:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wason:1980:I, author = "Peter Wason", title = "Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "340--340", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:30:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Young:1980:ACG, author = "Richard E. Young", title = "Arts, Crafts, Gifts, and Knacks: Some Disharmonies in the New Rhetoric", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "341--350", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite sharing assumptions about the value of studying and teaching the process of composing, especially the earliest stages of discovery and invention, those teachers and scholars who have come to be known as the ``new rhetoricians'' are divided on assumptions about the nature of rhetorical art, some holding a vitalist theory of art and composing, other holding a technical theory. The theories influence judgments about what can be taught in the composing process and how it can be taught. The division creates a dilemma for the rhetorician since the durability of the theories and the pedagogical successes of both groups suggests that in some sense both are right.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wason:1980:CCW, author = "Peter C. Wason", title = "Conformity and Commitment in Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "351--363", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "It is argued that conformity to stereotyped styles of writing tends to conceal a sense of commitment to what is being said. The effect is both to alienate the individual from the practice of writing, and to encourage a kind of obscurantism which may be inimical to clear thinking. The conditions for recovering a committed voice and the benefits of so doing are described.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Galbriath:1980:ECG, author = "David Galbriath", title = "The Effect of Conflicting Goals on Writing: a Case Study", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "364--375", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "It is proposed that a major source of writing difficulties arises from a conflict between the goals of expression and presentation. This leads to problems in both generating and revising prose. A case study is presented in which the effect of this conflict is illustrated and some exercises designed to alleviate the problem are described. The effectiveness of these exercises is discussed and related to aspects of self presentation in writing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stack:1980:WCA, author = "Richard Stack", title = "Writing as Conversation. {Addendum}: {Letter} to a Novelist", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "376--382", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "Good writing is not, at least in the usual sense, a skill; this is, something that can be taught directly. The basis of good writing is fluency, not correctness. Fluency can only be acquired through play: it is too complex a functioning to be programmed. We learn to speak through play and we should learn to write in a similar fashion. Conversation is the fundamental form of verbal play: it is dialogical rather than didactic, exploratory rather than definitive, the expression of a desire for self-representation rather than of submission to external control. A new, non-prescriptive pedagogy of writing, based on this concept of writing as conversation, is called for. An addendum describes an experimental writing course, Writing from Life, based on a design borrowed from the traditional life-drawing class.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lowenthal:1980:MLR, author = "David Lowenthal", title = "Mixing Levels of Revision", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "383--387", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "Orderly and straightforward revision, in which editorial tasks are delimited draft by draft, breaks down with lengthy and complex tasks. In rewriting a book, I have had to combine various stages of revision in each draft --- adding new material, reshaping thoughts, striving for coherent expression, and polishing prose simultaneously instead of serially. This kaleidoscopic way of working yields unexpected advantages that compensate for its untidy clutter: it helps to maintain the pace of revision, resolves problems left over from previous drafts, and stimulates new ideas and reconsiderations which, at a late stage in the editorial process, come as necessary nuisances.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hayes:1980:WPS, author = "John R. Hayes and Linda S. Flower", title = "Writing as Problem Solving", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "388--399", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "A top down approach employing protocol analysis can yield valuable data about writing processes. The main features of composition apparent in the data are: writing is goal directed, writing processes are hierarchically organized, some of the processes may interrupt others, recursion is possible, and writing goals may be modified as the result of writing. The first four of these features are embodies in a process model of composition.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bracewell:1980:WCA, author = "Robert J. Bracewell", title = "Writing as a Cognitive Activity", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "400--422", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper examines characteristics of the mental processes required for writing. Comparisons and contrasts are made with the nature of processing required for other cognitive activities such as arithmetic, problem solving, reading, and particularly conversation. Recent research on children's writing is reviewed that reveals the advantages as well as disadvantages of superimposing writing skills over well developed language skills. This research suggests that it is the inability to access already existing skills which determine the form of language, rather than an absence of such skills, that poses the major obstacle to the development of writing abilities.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1980:Q, author = "Anonymous", title = "[Quotations]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "423--423", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:30:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", keywords = "Bernard Malamud; Edward Albee; Robert Duncan; Shirley Hazzard; William Marchews; Wright Morris", } @Article{Baudin:1980:RAAd, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "424--427", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:30:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1980:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "428--429", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:30:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Elbow:1980:W, author = "Peter Elbow", title = "[Writing]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "429--429", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:30:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1980:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XIV}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIV", number = "4", pages = "430--432", month = "Autumn", year = "1980", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 07:30:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V14N4_1980_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V15N1_1981_E.pdf is missing pages 114--115 with correspondence @Article{Wrolstad:1981:ABa, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 09:26:06 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "3--3", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 09:26:06 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1981:E, author = "James Hartley and Peter Burnhill", title = "Editorial", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "4--4", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 09:26:06 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Twyman:1981:TW, author = "Michael Twyman", title = "Typography without Words", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "5--12", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper introduces a simple notation for presenting some of the graphic variables of typography. It rests on the use of the `x', `o' and `i' of the typewriter and is intended for use by anyone concerned with graphic language. It is suggested that the notation is of value in relation to teaching because it encourages serious thinking about typographic problems in conceptual terms. The rules of the notation are explained and the general approach demonstrated by the treatment of a single topic ``Headings in text.'' The topic was chosen because it relates to the theme of this issue of the journal. The notation has been used over a number of years in the Department of Typography \& Graphic Communication of the University of Reading in connection with the teaching of undergraduates and lay people. Apart from its use in relation to teaching, it is suggested that the notation has a value in encouraging a dialogue between research workers and typographers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1981:ECL, author = "James Hartley and Mark Trueman", title = "The effects of changes in layout and changes in wording on preferences for instructional text", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "13--31", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "Judges rated their preferences for pages of instructional text which varied in terms of their layout, their wording or both of these features. Three different methods of assessing preferences were used. The results suggested that these measures could provide useful enough rough quantitative data but that they could not be relied upon too greatly when fine judgment was required.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Jewett:1981:MLW, author = "Don L. Jewett", title = "Multi-level Writing in Theory and Practice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "32--40", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "A multi-level writing style allows the reader more flexibility than traditional forms of exposition. Such a format is generally more easily written, as well. Various formats for different purposes can be used to improve printed communications if the format is tested on a sample of the intended readership: such testing is as important or more important than any particular typographical scheme. This article will cover (1) background and theory, (2) typographical methods, and (3) hierarchical ordering of multi-level writing from my perspective (which lacks acquaintance with what others have done in this regard).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shebilske:1981:TSC, author = "Wayne L. Shebilske and John A. Rotondo", title = "Typographical and Spatial Cues that Facilitate Learning from Textbooks", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "41--54", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "Ninety-six undergraduates at the University of Virginia studied a 2866 word excerpt from a tenth grade biology textbook either in a standard typographical layout or in a special one containing typographical and spatial cues. Both groups studied the text for about ten minutes. (Results of paraphrastic recall, a multiple choice test, and a questionnaire suggested that the typographical and spatial cues facilitated learning and memory.) Potential classroom applications were discussed. (The format here is similar but not identical to the one we used.) Here we used bold face latter for emphasis; in the experiment we used capital letters because it was easier on a typewriter. Here the authors determined the segmentation units; in the experiment groups college students determined them. The instructions for using our format are: (The passage is printed in a special format using line spaces, brackets, and bold face letters. Line spaces set off each idea, and brackets set off the gist of each idea, whether or not the idea is important. When an idea is important, its gist is in bold print.)", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Jonassen:1981:IMD, author = "David Scott Jonassen", title = "Information Mapping: a Description, Rationale, and Comparison with Programmed Instruction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "55--66", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "This article defines information mapping, illustrates it in practice, and presents the results from a study which compared a piece of instructional text set in map or programmed form. The results suggest that in this particular case, both forms of presentation taught equally effectively, but that it was significantly easier to retrieve information from the information map than it was from the programmed text.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Norton:1981:PNT, author = "Linda S. Norton", title = "Patterned Note-Taking: an Evaluation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "67--85", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "Patterned note-taking, as described by Tony Buzan (1974), is a technique of recording information in a spatial representation, which contrasts with the more common linear style. The effectiveness of patterned note-taking is said to depend on (1) writing down key words, and (2) being actively involved in the note-taking process. No research has been carried out which directly compares the effectiveness of patterned with linear notes. However, there is some evidence to suggest that writing down key words and actively transforming information helps retention when taking notes. Students wishing to know how to take patterned notes are advised to consider carefully before learning a strategy which has no real evidence to suggest it is any more effective than more conventional styles of note-taking. It is strongly recommended that students who do wish to proceed should consult Buzan's original study manual, for the technique is often seriously distorted by study advisors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sloboda:1981:USM, author = "John Sloboda", title = "The Uses of Space in Music Notation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "86--110", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "Space is an essential notational dimension in music. The use of space in orthochronic notation (accepted today as the standard system) is described in some detail. The historical development of this use is outlined, with examples from earlier systems. The major uses of space are to provide means of notating pitch and duration, and to indicate the sychronization of concurrent musical events. The question of how one might evaluate different ways of using space in music notation is then treated with reference to three levels of analysis: (1) the information about the music which needs to be represented, (2) the nature of the symbols (and their spatial characteristics) chosen to represent the information, and (3) the requirements of the reader.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:SB, author = "Anonymous", title = "A selected bibliography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "111--113", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 09:26:06 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "114--115", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 09:26:06 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:C, author = "Anonymous", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "115--115", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 09:26:06 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "TO DO: pages for this entry are missing from PDF file", } @Article{Baudin:1981:RAAa, author = "Fernand Baudin and Dirk Wendt and Ana Fisch", title = "R{\'e}sum{\'e} des Articles [Abstracts of Journal Articles in {French}, {German}, and {Spanish}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "1", pages = "116--120", month = "Winter", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 09:26:06 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N1_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Volume 15 numbers 2 and 3 are published in single bound issue, but %%% each article belongs only to one issue number. Their PDF files %%% are separate. @Article{Wrolstad:1981:ABb, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "2", pages = "122--122", month = "Spring", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:19:34 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N2_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "2", pages = "123--123", month = "Spring", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:19:34 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N2_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rayner:1981:NGE, author = "Keith Rayner", title = "A Note from the {Guest Editor}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "2", pages = "124--124", month = "Spring", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:19:34 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N2_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rayner:1981:VCW, author = "Keith Rayner", title = "Visual Cues in Word Recognition and Reading: Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "2", pages = "125--128", month = "Spring", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N2_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "In this special issue of Visible Language I have attempted to bring together some integrative statements concerning visual factors in the reading process. It is my hope that the issue will be of interest to graphic designers, educators, computer scientists, and psychologists.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Morrison:1981:VFE, author = "Robert E. Morrison and Albrecht-Werner Inhoff", title = "Visual Factors and Eye Movements in Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "2", pages = "129--146", month = "Spring", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N2_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "The effects of oculomotor behavior of variations of physical attributes of text, both typographical and psychological parameters, and similar effects from physical (visual as opposed to semantic) word cues processed in the reader's parafoveal vision are discussed. It is concluded that the reliability of such effects underscores the primary nature of visual discrimination in reading. Furthermore, sets of data generated from typographically different stimuli suffer a serious confounding.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Haber:1981:VCR, author = "Ralph Norman Haber and Lyn R. Haber", title = "Visual Components of the Reading Process", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "2", pages = "147--182", month = "Spring", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N2_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "Since reading must begin with the pickup of information on the page, we have examined in some detail the principle arrangements of that information, and considered what is known about the pickup process. One source of information in the arrangements of the print on the page: arrangements which supply information about word, sentence, and paragraph boundaries and even substantial syntactic and semantic information. Evidence is reviewed to show that reading performance is hurt when these conventional arrangements are violated. The second source is from the letter shapes alone, in which most work has been done using a feature description. While four different procedures for generating features are reviewed, none of them either meet adequate tests of validity, nor supply convincing evidence that readers actually use feature tests to identify letters. Many suggestions for future work are offered, but the current state of feature testing theories is pretty dismal. The final source concerns higher order visual information, especially of the configuration of groups of letters in a word, or of the shape of the entire word itself. Evidence is reviewed to show that such information is substantial, especially for some types of words, and that if pushed, readers can use that information to identify words and to comprehend text. For all three sources we have shown that readers can use the information. Much less is known about how readers routinely use these sources.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brady:1981:TCT, author = "Michael Brady", title = "Toward a Computational Theory of Early Visual Processing in Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "2", pages = "183--215", month = "Spring", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N2_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper is the first of a series aimed at developing a theory of early visual processing in reading. We suggest that there has been a close parallel in the development of theories of reading and theories of vision in artificial intelligence. We propose to exploit and extend recent results in computer vision to develop an improved model of early processing in reading. This paper considers the problems of isolating words in text based on the information which Marr and Hildreth's (1980) theory of visual edge detection asserts is available in the parafovea. We show in particular that the findings of Fisher (1975) on reading transformed texts can be accounted for without postulating the need for complex interactions between early processing and downflowing information as he suggests. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the problem of integrating information over successive saccades, and relates the earlier analysis to the empirical finding of Rayner.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "2", pages = "216--216", month = "Spring", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:19:34 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N2_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ehrlich:1981:CWR, author = "Susan F. Ehrlich", title = "Children's Word Recognition in Prose Context", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "3", pages = "219--244", month = "Summer", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N3_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "Research is reviewed in which children's processing of individual words is examined in prose context. This research includes studies of oral reading errors, word recognition experiments where context is artificially introduced, studies of the effects of repeated text manipulations, and observations of on-line effects of individual text manipulations. Taken together, these sources of data suggest that the reader's dependence on contextual constraint for individual word identification decreases with age, even though sensitivity to the constraints of context increases. This sensitivity may allow faster interpretation of individual words with respect to the emerging conceptual text structure. Some research is reviewed, however, which suggests that word identification may continue to be influenced by contextual constraint for older children and adults under certain circumstances.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Coltheart:1981:DRT, author = "Max Coltheart", title = "Disorders of Reading and Their Implications for Models of Normal Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "3", pages = "245--286", month = "Summer", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N3_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "Many investigators concerned with developing theoretical models of reading start from the assumption that the information-processing system used to accomplish the task of reading consists of a number of subcomponents, each responsible for performing a specific information-processing job. If this assumption is correct and if in addition the subcomponents of the system are anatomically as well as functionally separate, then one can test a multicomponent model of reading by observing the different forms which acquired reading disorder takes as a consequence of different patterns of damage to the brain. One can also use such a model to provide economical interpretations of various forms of acquired reading disorder. These possibilities are illustrated with reference to five different forms of acquired reading disorder (letter-by-letter reading, phonological dyslexia, an unnamed dyslexia, surface dyslexia, and deep dyslexia). The symptoms of each disorder are described and an assessment is made of the success with which disorder can be explained within the theoretical framework provided by one multicomponent model of reading, a version of Morton's logogen model.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Well:1981:WPR, author = "Arnold D. Well and Alexander Pollatsek", title = "Word Processing in Reading: a Commentary on the Papers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "3", pages = "287--308", month = "Summer", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N3_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "The articles in this issue deal primarily with the perceptual aspects of reading. Questions are raised about what kinds of information are available and are particularly important in reading, as well as to how a variety of perceptual variables influence the reader. Characteristics of letters, words, and text are discussed, including possible features of letters and words, letter position within a word, delimiters between words, and size, type, case, and arrangement of print. The Brady and the Morrison and Inhoff articles give particular emphasis to the issues of what kinds of visual information are available at various eccentricities. On a more theoretical level, questions are raised about a number of processing systems that subserve reading, particularly those which isolate words, direct eye movements, and extract information about letters and words. The Ehrlich and Coltheart articles address some of these questions with evidence obtained from developing and abnormal readers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "3", pages = "309--310", month = "Summer", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:19:34 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N3_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "3", pages = "311--311", month = "Summer", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:19:34 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N3_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1981:ABc, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "3", pages = "312--312", month = "Summer", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:19:34 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N3_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1981:ABd, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "318--318", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:36:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Powell:1981:EF, author = "Marvin A. Powell", title = "{Editor}'s Foreword", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "320--320", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:36:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Schmandt-Besserat:1981:TTR, author = "Denise Schmandt-Besserat", title = "From Tokens to Tablets: a Re-evaluation of the So-called ``Numerical Tablets''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "321--344", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "The paper deals with 185 impressed tablets which illustrate the crucial step between an archaic writing based upon tokens and writing. The discussion includes the historical background of the discovery of the tablets, their geographic distribution, chronology, and the context in which they were found. The various impressed signs are related to their token prototypes, and a new decipherment is proposed. In the light of the decoding of the most basic types of tokens, the signs are meteorological, not numerical as had been hitherto been assumed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Green:1981:CIC, author = "M. W. Green", title = "The Construction and Implementation of the Cuneiform System", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "345--372", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "Cuneiform was, from its inception, not merely a collection of individual symbols, but a coherent system of information manipulation for which written characters were the main, but not the only, component. This system did not evolve by itself, but was manufactured, developed, and implemented within the framework of a bureaucratic organization which controlled the distribution not only of goods and services but also of status and information. That institution produced the demand for a control technology for which the cuneiform writing system was the eventual realization. While the user institution imposed specific, characteristic constraints and demands, it also adjusted its own needs and goals to adapt to restrictions and functions of the technology itself. We look at the early development of the cuneiform writing system with special attention to the less well recognized peripheral components and to interactions between the technology and its user.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Justus:1981:VSC, author = "Carol Justus", title = "Visual Sentences in Cuneiform {Hittite}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "373--408", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "On the premise that horizontal Hittite scribal rulings be taken seriously as punctuation, this study investigated their content and found that in fact they punctuate a structure similar to the periodic sentence in older Greek and Latin. As such they are to be compared with the oldest (alphabetic) Greek mark of punctuation, the paragraphos, which begins to be replaced in Alexandrian Greek by marks which segment the language on the basis of prosodic features, as in English. Hittite ``visible sentences,'' moreover, signal in visual form underlying differences in language structure and cohesive basis which can be correlated with differences in word order type and changes which the genetically related Indo-European (IE) languages have undergone over a period of c. 4000 years of written attestation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sack:1981:TSC, author = "Ronald H. Sack", title = "The Temple Scribe in {Chaldean Uruk}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "409--418", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "The education and activities of the Eanna temple scribe in sixth-century BC. Uruk varied little from what they had been prior to the Chaldean era. The cuneiform writing system was still in use, and Akkadian economic documents continued to be composed and literary texts preserved in a manner not unlike that of previous periods. These traditions, however, did not preclude the scribe's attending to his own private business affairs or prevent his engaging in the collection or composition of literary documents that reflect either his own personal interests or the necessity to prepare materials with decidedly political overtones. The result of these endeavors is a body of texts which, in many respects, indicates both the influence of spoken Aramaic or written Akkadian and the everchanging political situation (from both official and private perspectives) in southern Mesopotamia in the Chaldean period.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Powell:1981:TPH, author = "Marvin A. Powell", title = "Three Problems in the History of Cuneiform Writing: Origins, Direction of Script, and Literacy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "419--440", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", abstract = "``Origins'' suggests that cuneiform was invented in a short period of time around 3000 BC by a citizen of the Sumerian city of Uruk and that it arises conceptually out of the token system described by D. Schmandt-Besserat. ``Direction of script'' agrees with S. Picchioni that cuneiform was written and read vertically down through c. 2300 BC, but it emphasizes the use of reed patterns to demonstrate the manner in which the stylus was manipulated and sees this mode of manipulation at the motivating force behind the transition to horizontal script. ``Literacy'' argues that cuneiform was not as difficult as usually assumed, that the alphabet had no demonstrable effect on the level of functional literacy, and that the superiority of the alphabet over cuneiform has been exaggerated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "441--441", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:36:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1981:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index for {Volume XV}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XV", number = "4", pages = "442--444", month = "Autumn", year = "1981", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:36:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V15N4_1981_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1982:ABa, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:36:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Knuth:1982:CMF, author = "Donald E. Knuth", title = "The Concept of a {Meta-Font}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "3--27", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook3.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Hofstadter:1982:MFM,Baudin:1982:OCT}. French translation by M. R. Delorme in {\sl Communication et Langages\/} no.~55, (1983), 40--53; reprinted in {\sl Typographie et Informatique}, proceedings of INRIA conference held 21--25 January 1985, organized by Jacques Andr{\'e} and Patrick Sallio (Rennes, France: INRIA/IRISA -- CCETT, 1985), 119--132.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "A single drawing of a single letter reveals only a small part of what was in the designer's mind when that letter was drawn. But when precise instructions are given about how to make such a drawing, the intelligence of that letter can be captured in a way that permits us to obtain an infinite variety of related letters from the same specification. Instead of merely describing a single letter, such instructions explain how that letter would change its shape if other parameters of the design were changed. Thus an entire font of letters and other symbols can be specified so that each character adapts itself to varying conditions in an appropriate way. Initial experiments with a precise language for pen motions suggest strongly that the font designer of the future should not simply design isolated alphabets; the challenge will be to explain exactly how each design should adapt itself gracefully to a wide range of changes in the specification. This paper gives examples of a meta-font and explains the changeable parameters in its design.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Skousen:1982:ESP, author = "Royal Skousen", title = "{English} Spelling and Phonemic Representation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "28--38", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spell.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "There are at least three different ways that spelling can affect phonetic representation: (1) spelling pronunciation; (2) resolving the ambiguities due to phonemic overlap; and (3) influencing speakers' interpretations of general phonetic sequences. The first of these three is well known and is only discussed briefly in this paper. The other two ways are more subtle in their effect since they can change speakers' phonemic representations without causing significant changes in pronunciation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kelley:1982:CNM, author = "David H. Kelley", title = "Costume and Name in {Mesoamerica}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "39--48", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "It was the practice in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica to wear costume elements, especially head-dresses, which gave the name of the individual wearing the particular costume. However, head-dresses were also worn for other purposes, and it is often difficult to determine whether a costume element marked a name or some other characteristic of an individual. Nonetheless, the custom does sometimes enable us to recognize individuals in varied contexts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Weidemann:1982:BDT, author = "Kurt Weidemann", title = "{Biblica}: Designing a Typeface for the {{\booktitle{Bible}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "49--61", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpted from \booktitle{Deutscher Drucker (Satztechnische Beilage)}, nr. 34. 22. X. 1981.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "A new typeface, Biblica, was designed especially for a new German edition of the Bible. The type designs and production of earlier German Bibles were examined. A variety of legibility factors were taken into consideration to meet a required economy of space and the new production demands of a digital generation system.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sekey:1982:TDS, author = "Andrew Sekey and Jerome Tietz", title = "Text Display by `Saccadic Scrolling'", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "63--77", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "A novel method of displaying alphanumeric text is described, named ``saccadic scrolling.'' Text is flashed onto an electronic display one line at a time and remains visible until replaced instantaneously by the next line. The user has manual control over the display by either advancing it line by line or adjusting the rate of automatic replenishment. Experiments are reported in which reading speeds and comprehension for various models of this kind of display were compared with the conventional ``Times Square'' type scrolling as well as with print. Single-line manual and automatic saccadic scrolling modes yielded results approaching that of print, suggesting that this type of refreshable display could become an acceptable alternative under certain conditions to hard copy. (The Times Square mode proved inferior to the others in every respect.) Suggested applications for the technique are: autotrainer for the reading handicapped, communication terminal for the deaf, and general business use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Greene:1982:LW, author = "Maxine Greene", title = "Literacy for What?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "78--87", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "We owe young people the open doors and expanded possibilities that only literacy can provide. Teaching for literacy conceives of learning not as behavior but as action --- of process, of restlessness of quest. To encounter the arts and other subjects in a mood of discovery and mindfulness and rational passion is to have experiences that exclude inertness. Literacy empowers people; it is a beginning, a becoming --- not and end in itself.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1982:ILT, author = "Dirk Wendt", title = "Improving the Legibility of Textbooks: Effects of Wording and Typographic Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "88--93", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "It has been demonstrated that the success achieved in a previous study by means of a ``visualized'' version of a physics textbook lesson was not so much due to typographic changes as to changes in wording that were necessary to fit the text into the new format. These changes in wording are further analyzed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1982:BRO, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "Book Review: {A. S. Osley. \booktitle{Scribes and Sources: Handbook of the Chancery Hand in the Sixteenth Century}. London: Faber \& Faber, Ltd., 1980. 272 pp. 22 b/w illustrations. \pounds 16.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "94--102", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:36:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "103--104", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:36:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "1", pages = "104--104", month = "Winter", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:36:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N1_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1982:ABb, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "106--106", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "107--107", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Popp:1982:LCP, author = "Helen M. Popp", title = "Literacy and Competency: The proceedings of a conference hosted by the {Reading Laboratory at Harvard Graduate School of Education}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "109--110", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ylvisaker:1982:I, author = "Paul Ylvisaker", title = "Introductions", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "111--111", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Featherstone:1982:I, author = "Jay Featherstone", title = "Introductions", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "112--112", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Venezky:1982:OPD, author = "Richard L. Venezky", title = "The Origins of the Present-day Chasm between Adult Literacy Needs and School Literacy Instruction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "113--127", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See discussion \cite{Featherstone:1982:D}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "Through processes that originated in the eighteenth century --- but were greatly accelerated by Brahmin academics at the end of the nineteenth --- a separation has developed between literacy instruction in the schools and the literacy ends of the competent citizen. Formal reading instruction today is primarily oriented toward understanding and appreciation of fine literature. Non-fiction materials are treated as unpleasant and boorish intruders into the otherwise serene, romantic kingdom of plot, character, and author's viewpoint. A single impotent stratagem centering on rapid skimming with rereading is usually suggested for all non-fiction, be it math story problem, cooking recipe, or biological exposition. The result of this disparity, as revealed by the more valid components of various national literacy surveys, is the ever apparent chasm between competency needs and literacy instruction, a chasm that can be crossed only through a reorientation of literacy training toward the true needs of society.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Featherstone:1982:D, author = "Jay Featherstone and David Olson and Carman {St. John Hunter} and Richard Venezky and {Audience Participants}", title = "Discussion", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "128--136", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Venezky:1982:OPD}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{StJohnHunter:1982:LES, author = "Carman {St. John Hunter}", title = "Literacy for Empowerment and Social Change", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "137--143", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See discussion \cite{Olson:1982:D}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "While it may be true that the electronic age has devalued literacy, what seems more serious is the way in which certain groups have been so devalued that they are inhibited in their acquisition of literacy skills. Many poor and minority students are prevented from developing their cognitive and manipulative skills beyond a minimal level. Perhaps what needs changing is not the level of skills in literacy or functional competence but the level of hope and expectation among bypassed people in our society. Action research might be designed to focus on competencies presently existing and valued and, at the same time, on the changes that occur when groups develop new hope for themselves and a more dynamic vision of the options available to them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Olson:1982:D, author = "David Olson and Carman {St. John Hunter} and Richard Venezky and Jay Featherstone and {Audience Participants}", title = "Discussion", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "144--150", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{StJohnHunter:1982:LES}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Olson:1982:WSW, author = "David R. Olson", title = "What is Said and What is Meant in Speech and Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "151--161", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See discussion \cite{StJohnHunter:1982:D}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper advances and experimentally evaluates the argument that in ordinary oral language the intentions of the speaker (what is meant) has primacy over the actual expressions used (what is said). In reading and writing this relationship is reversed. The cognitive consequences of attention to linguistic form (what is said), a form of metalinguistic competence, and the possible origins of this competence are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{StJohnHunter:1982:D, author = "Carman {St. John Hunter} and David Olson and Richard Venezky and Jay Featherstone and Jeanne Chall and {Audience Participants}", title = "Discussion", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "162--174", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Olson:1982:WSW}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gray:1982:UAR, author = "William S. Gray", title = "Universal ability to read and write!", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "175--175", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Excerpt from the author's \booktitle{The Teaching of Reading and Writing: an International Survey}. UNESCO Monographs on Fundamental Education, X. Paris: UNESCO, 1956, p. 9.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:CBT, author = "Anonymous", title = "[colloquial book text]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "176--176", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bowdre:1982:EDP, author = "Paul H. {Bowdre, Jr.}", title = "Eye Dialect as a Problem in Graphics", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "177--183", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper examines the problems involved in arranging the letters of the English alphabet into nonstandard spellings for the purpose of producing eye dialect spellings. It argues that the writer of eye dialect is under certain restrictions imposed by the fact that the reader must be able to associate the eye dialect spellings with the standard spelling. These restrictions, and how various writers dealt with them, are illustrated by the use of various eye dialect spellings from literary works.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Thogmartin:1982:MDB, author = "Clyde Thogmartin", title = "{Mr. Dooley}'s Brogue:The Literary Dialect of {Finley Peter Dunne}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "184--198", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "Finley Peter Dunne's Mr. Dooley was once one of America's most popular humorous characters. Dunne's elaborate eye dialect tends to put off contemporary readers, but the Dooley essays lose much of their power and literary ``flavor'' when they are transcribed into standard English spelling. This study relates Dunne's respelling system to the pronunciation of Anglo-Irish and shows that Dunne's eye dialect is intended to represent many phonological features of English as it is spoken in Ireland, while avoiding other features whose inclusion would threaten readability. The authenticity of Mr. Dooley's dialect adds to the credibility of the character by giving the reader the illusion that he is listening to a real human voice belonging to a real member of a specific, historic Irish-American community.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "2", pages = "199--200", month = "Spring", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 10:56:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N2_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1982:ABc, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "202--202", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:15:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "203--203", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:15:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Skemp:1982:M, author = "Richard R. Skemp", title = "[On mathematics]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "204--204", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:15:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Adda:1982:DMS, author = "Josette Adda", title = "Difficulties with Mathematical Symbolism: Synonymy and Homonymy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "205--214", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "We know that the confusion between meaning and sign (in French: signifi{\'e}/ significant) is the root of a great number of mistakes in mathematics. Particularly, instead of making easier the approach to the mathematical concept represented, the sight of the design often produces a disturbance to understanding; it leads to mistaking the drawing for the presented idea, as idolatrous people do. I will demonstrate --- by presenting many genuine examples which I have met in mathematical classrooms at every level --- the mathematical roles of synonymy and homonymy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Buxton:1982:ERS, author = "Laurie G. Buxton", title = "Emotional Responses to Symbolism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "215--220", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "Special difficulties often arise in reading mathematics because of the symbols and notation that are used. This is caused not only by the range of symbols and their density of meaning (interiority) but also by strong emotional responses raised by certain symbols or combinations. These feelings may reflect unpleasant memories of when the symbols were first encountered, but may even derive from an unease with the shape of some of them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Goldin:1982:MLP, author = "Gerald A. Goldin", title = "Mathematical Language and Problem Solving", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "221--238", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "Problem solving in mathematics may require different kinds of language: the verbal or mathematical language in which the problem representation is available to the solver, and the planning language for heuristic reasoning and formulation of strategies. This paper explores some relationships among these languages, with examples of ways they can influence problem-solving processes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Higginson:1982:SIM, author = "William Higginson", title = "Symbols, Icons, and Mathematical Understanding", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "239--248", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "Extracts are taken from the biographies of Hobbes, Rousseau, Darwin, and Russell which refer to their mathematical education. The common feature of an attraction toward geometry and an aversion to elementary algebra is noted. These experiences are analyzed using theoretical positions promulgated by Davis, Hersh, Skemp, and Bruner. The central thesis is that these men probably have had difficulty learning elementary algebra because they had failed to develop a strong image or iconic representation of the concepts involved. This thesis is developed in relation to ``squaring a binomial,'' the concept which troubled both Rousseau and Russell.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{James:1982:TR, author = "Nick James and John Mason", title = "Towards Recording", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "249--258", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "Behind the formal symbols of mathematics their lies a wealth of experience which provides meaning for those symbols. Attempts to rush students into symbols impoverishes the background experience and leads to trouble later. In conjunction with manipulating objects it is essential to provide time for talking about their activities and developing their own informal records before meeting the formal symbols of adult mathematicians. We present three examples of children's work which demonstrate these steps in the struggle to move toward recording perceived patterns.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lay:1982:MIA, author = "L. Clark Lay", title = "Mental Images and Arithmetical Symbols", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "259--274", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "Experiments by psychologists have led to the conclusion that images play an indispensable, if subordinate, role in thought as symbols. An analysis is begun of the mental images that are judged to be properly evoked by certain number symbols in arithmetic. A variety of graphical models are suggested for use in linking these symbols to the desired mental construct. Some of these models have been found to be advantageous and may prove to be critically essential in certain mathematical contexts. Their assets and liabilities are discussed, and suggestions are made for modifications of conventional curriculum practice. A rich field of investigation exists in the visual imagery that can be associated with elementary mathematics. Progress here holds promise of extending mathematical competence to a larger portion of society.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lowenthal:1982:LAT, author = "Francis Lowenthal", title = "Language Acquisition through Mathematical Symbolism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "275--280", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "We noticed that the use of a non-verbal formalism can favor cognitive development (in the frame of the elementary school) in problem children as well as in normal children. An example is given to show how a formalism inspired by mathematics can be used to aid the development of the verbal language of 8- to 9-year-olds. We will then analyze the results and try to discover the cause of success we observed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Skemp:1982:CMS, author = "Richard R. Skemp", title = "Communicating Mathematics: Surface Structures and Deep Structures", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "281--288", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "A distinction is made between the surface structures (syntax) of mathematical symbol-systems and the deep structures (semantics) of mathematical schemas. The meaning of a mathematical communication lies in the deep structures --- the mathematical ideas themselves, and their relationships. But this meaning can only be transmitted and received indirectly, via the structures; correspondence between deep and surface structures is only partial. Some resulting problems of communicating mathematics are discussed, and some remedies suggested.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Woodrow:1982:MS, author = "Derek Woodrow", title = "Mathematical Symbolism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "289--302", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "One of the essential distinguishing features of mathematics is its eventual dependence upon symbols and symbolic expression. Few attempts to determine those processes, activities, or contents which uniquely identify mathematics have succeeded. It is indeed questionable whether human knowledge can be classified into such self-contained categories. The many diverse activities of mathematicians do, however, have symbolic expression as their common feature, and the extent to which modern disciplines depend upon mathematics could be measured by their growing reliance on symbols. It is reasonable to surmise that much of the difficulty experienced by children in mathematics, and the lack of popularity of physical as opposed to biological sciences in higher education, could be traced to the problem of symbolization. It will be interesting to watch the effect on, say, geography as the school syllabuses move toward mathematical as opposed to descriptive aspects. There is surprisingly little apparent research into the use and learning of symbols, except for the many investigations into both the problem of how children learn to read and adult perceptual experiences with words (e.g., Coltheart 1972). There is, however, a real distinction between the use of symbols as a verbal language (spoken or written) and the use of symbols in the mathematical sense. It will indeed be suggested below that one activity interferes with the other.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "3", pages = "303--304", month = "Summer", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:15:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N3_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1982:ABd, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "306--306", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:23:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "307--307", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:23:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1982:EN, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Editor}'s Note", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "308--308", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:23:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hofstadter:1982:MFM, author = "Douglas R. Hofstadter", title = "Meta-Font, Metamathematics, and Metaphysics: Comments on {Donald Knuth}'s Article {``The Concept of a Meta-Font}''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "309--338", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook3.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Knuth:1982:CMF,Sampson:1983:RTO}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "It is argued that readers are likely to carry away from Donald Knuth's article ``The Concept of a Meta-Font'' a falsely optimistic view of the extent to which the design of typefaces and letterforms can be mechanized through an approach depending on describing letterforms by specifying the setting of a large number of parameters. Through a comparison to mathematical logic, is it argued that no such set of parameters can capture the essence of any semantic category. Some different way of thinking about the problem of the ``spirit'' residing behind any letterforms are suggested, connecting to current research issues in the field of artificial intelligence.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1982:OCT, author = "Fernand Baudin and Charles Bigelow and Henri-Paul Bronsard and David Ford and Gary Gore and Ed {Fisher, Jr.} and W. P. Jaspert and Peter Karow and Albert Kapr and Alexander Nesbitt and John Schappler and Edward Rondthaler and Walter Tracy and Gerard Unger and Hermann Zapf and Donald E. Knuth", title = "Other Comments by Type Designers and Type Directors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "339--359", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:23:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Knuth:1982:CMF}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{HaasDyson:1982:EVL, author = "Anne {Haas Dyson}", title = "The Emergence of Visible Language: Interrelationships: Drawing and Early Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "360--381", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationships between drawing, early writing, and the context of talk in which they both occur. Participant observation methodology was used to gather data daily during a three-month period in a self-contained, public school kindergarten. The researcher set up a center at which the children freely drew and wrote. She observed and interacted with the children to gain insight into their perceptions of drawing and writing. Data consisted of audio recordings of the children's talk at the center, their graphic products, observational notes, and child interviews. Patterns were identified in how the children combined the drawing and writing processes in the production of one graphic product and in how they used drawing and writing terminology referentially across production modes. On the basis of these patterns, inferences were made about written language development. Learning to write was portrayed as a process of gradually differentiating and consolidating the separate meanings of these two forms of graphic symbolism --- drawing and writing", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bruce:1982:VCC, author = "Margaret Bruce and Jeremy J. Foster", title = "The Visibility of Colored Characters on Colored Backgrounds in {Viewdata} Displays", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "382--390", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "An experiment is reported in which subjects were required to identify letters and digits presented on a viewdata display, and identification times were recorded. All 42 possible color-on-color combinations were shown as separate displays. The results indicate which color-on-color pairings significantly reduce character visibility, and a list of recommended combinations is given.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Green:1982:WJT, author = "T. R. G. Green and S. J. Payne", title = "The Wooly Jumper: Typographical Problems of Concurrency in Information Display", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "391--403", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", abstract = "The well-documented use of typographical cues to illuminate instructional text has in the past been limited to illustrating containment relations (sections within chapters or subsections within section) and succession relations (after one chapter we come to the next). No other relations have been studied. Powerful though containment and succession are, other relations also exist, and in particular the rise of information technology will make it increasingly necessary to document the relation of concurrency. As it happens, descriptions of simple concurrent processes are already found in knitting patterns, so our suggestions for typographic expression of concurrency are worked out on a fragment of knitting to give a domestic and readily grasped example.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1982:SOM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation of \booktitle{Visible Language}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "403--403", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:23:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The report says 1821 average copies per issue for past twelve months.", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "404--404", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:23:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1982:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XVI}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVI", number = "4", pages = "406--408", month = "Autumn", year = "1982", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 11:23:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V16N4_1982_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% The issue in V17N1_1983_E.pdf is entirely handwritten by numerous %%% authors, and it is impractical to identify the samples, and most of %%% the issues pages are unnumbered. @Article{Briem:1983:OR, author = "Gunnlauger S. E. Briem", title = "Opening remarks", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "1", pages = "4--7", month = "Winter", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 13:53:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N1_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Briem:1983:WPY, author = "Gunnlauger S. E. Briem", title = "`{What} parts of your work give you the most trouble?'", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "1", pages = "8--112", month = "Winter", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N1_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Fifty-one calligraphers celebrate the art of writing by showing and discussing calligraphic technique.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1983:ABa, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "114--114", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "115--115", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kline:1983:IRH, author = "Charles Robert {Kline, Jr.}", title = "Introduction: The Renascence of {die Hermeneute}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "117--119", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kinneavy:1983:RWP, author = "James L. Kinneavy", title = "The Relation of the Whole to the Part in Interpretation Theory and in the Composing Process", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "120--145", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Key problems in modern hermeneutics are explored: part-whole relationships and the correlated merism-holism debate, the importance of situational context in Greek and Roman rhetoric and its relation to current interpretation theory as well as composition theory, and the problems with the (dominant) sentence and theme emphases of much theory and teaching. The range of materials, of authors, and of ideas being discussed in the ``new'' hermeneutics is surveyed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hyde:1983:HPA, author = "Michael J. Hyde", title = "The Hermeneutic Phenomenon and the Authenticity of Discourse", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "156--162", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Since the publication of Martin Heidegger's Being and Time, hermaneutical theory has played an important role in investigations if language use. A major issue in these investigations is the question of ``authentic discourse.'' This term points to the ability of a writer or a speaker to perform communicative acts whereby language is used to reveal Being in a truthful manner. The purpose of this essay is to suggest what such an act of revelation entails and how the meaningfulness of this act is a function of a person's poetic and rhetorical abilities.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kline:1983:RWR, author = "Charles R. {Kline, Jr.} and Roland K. Huff", title = "Reading, Writing: Radix", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "163--176", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "In this exploratory essay the authors treat three hypotheses of the radical intersection (``radix'') of composing and reading. The emerging context is seen as controlling element in themes of composing and interpreting. Is the interrelation of author, reader, subject/topic and situational context the connecting point worthy of further study? The second hypothesis is that the more specific, concrete act of discovering questions may be the radix; a model used to teach writers how to discover topics (invention) and readers what avenues of questions may be helpful in the ``physical'' hypothesis --- that the radix of composing and interpreting is actually neurophysiological --- based in recent knowledge of the hypothalamic switching center, parallel nerve circuits and cortical distribution of memory.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Witte:1983:TSW, author = "Stephen P. Witte", title = "Topical Structure and Writing Quality: Some Possible Text-Based Explanations of Readers' Judgments of Student Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "177--205", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "The argumentative essays of 48 freshmen were used to form two groups of essays, rated holistically for overall quality by experienced readers of student writing. One group had been judged ``high'' in overall quality; one group had been judged ``low.'' The two groups were compared with respect to several text features --- length, syntax, and topical structure --- to determine those features readers may have associated with quality in student writing. The topical structure variables, which were based on work growing out of Prague School Linguistic theory, were found useful in explaining the quality scores readers assigned to the texts. Particularly significant were the percentages of Type 3 and Type 5 sentences; percentages of t-units in parallel, extended parallel, and sequential progressions; averages number of t-units in parallel, extended parallel, and sequential progressions; mean number of t-units per topic, and mean number of words per topic. The limitations of the study are discussed, and its implications for research are suggested.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marino:1983:HC, author = "Adrian Marino", title = "Hermeneutics as Criticism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "206--215", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Establishing distinctions between hermeneutics and interpretation shows how the terms have become interconnected in present day use. Aristotle's and Boethius' uses of the term ``interpretation'' are compared to the reductive use of the term to indicate approval, normative meanings. Reading of a text is a participation in model-making, of reformulating a world view while involved in the art of reading --- an act increasingly (with the reader's growth in knowledge) formed into considerations of typologies and classifications. Understanding is not apart from interpretation; it is the goal of interpretation. Hermaneutical understanding is seen as understanding the meaning of a literary idea (text) and thus the larger model which corresponds to that idea; the reader is a critic who participates actively in the idea's being and its history.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "2", pages = "216--216", month = "Spring", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N2_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "3--3", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1983:ABc, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "4--4", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Foster:1983:EF, author = "Stephen C. Foster", title = "Editor's Foreword", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "5--6", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Foster:1983:LPV, author = "Stephen C. Foster", title = "Letterisme: a Point of View", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "7--12", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Lettrisme was an avant-garde event whose goal was to use language expression to the fullest, across media, including literature, fine arts, film, theater, intermedia and various forms of theory. This special issue is based on an exhibition of Lettrist work shown at The University of Iowa Museum of Art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Curtay:1983:C, author = "Jean-Paul Curtay", title = "Chronology [1944--1982]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "13--17", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Lettrisme was an avant-garde movement whose goal was to use language expression to the fullest, across media, including literature, fine arts, film, theater, intermedia and various forms of theory. This special issue is based on an exhibition of Lettrist work shown at The University of Iowa Museum of Art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Seaman:1983:LSR, author = "David W. Seaman", title = "Letterisme --- a Stream That Runs Own Course", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "18--25", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Lettrisme was an avant-garde event whose goal was to use language expression to the fullest, across media, including literature, fine arts, film, theater, intermedia and various forms of theory. This special issue is based on an exhibition of Lettrist work shown at The University of Iowa Museum of Art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Curtay:1983:SWA, author = "Jean-Paul Curtay", title = "Super-Writing 1983 --- {America} 1683", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "26--47", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Lettrisme was an avant-garde event whose goal was to use language expression to the fullest, across media, including literature, fine arts, film, theater, intermedia and various forms of theory. This special issue is based on an exhibition of Lettrist work shown at The University of Iowa Museum of Art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Devaux:1983:ALC, author = "Fr{\'e}d{\'e}rique Devaux", title = "Approaching Letterist Cinema", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "48--56", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "Translated by David W. Seaman", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Lettrisme was an avant-garde event whose goal was to use language expression to the fullest, across media, including literature, fine arts, film, theater, intermedia and various forms of theory. This special issue is based on an exhibition of Lettrist work shown at The University of Iowa Museum of Art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zurbrugg:1983:LLI, author = "Nicholas Zurbrugg", title = "The Limitations of Letterisme: an Interview with {Henri Chopin}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "57--69", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Lettrisme was an avant-garde event whose goal was to use language expression to the fullest, across media, including literature, fine arts, film, theater, intermedia and various forms of theory. This special issue is based on an exhibition of Lettrist work shown at The University of Iowa Museum of Art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Seaman:1983:STT, author = "David W. Seaman", title = "Selected Theoretical Texts from Letterists", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "70--83", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "The following theoretical texts are edited by the author of this article: Introduction to a New Poetry and a New Music by Isidore Isou The Force Fields of Letterist Painting by Isidore Isou What is Letterism? by Maurice Lema{\^\i}tre A New Perspective System: Integrative Perspective by Jean-Paul Curtay", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ferrua:1983:RLB, author = "Pietro Ferrua", title = "Researching Letterisme and Bibliography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "84--93", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Lettrisme was an avant-garde event whose goal was to use language expression to the fullest, across media, including literature, fine arts, film, theater, intermedia and various forms of theory. This special issue is based on an exhibition of Lettrist work shown at The University of Iowa Museum of Art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:EC, author = "Anonymous", title = "Exhibition Checklist", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "94--110", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "3", pages = "111--112", month = "Summer", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N3_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1983:ABd, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "330--330", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "331--331", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:ACa, author = "Anonymous", title = "[About the cover]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "332--332", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Myers:1983:HEE, author = "Prue Wallis Myers", title = "Handwriting in {English} Education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "333--356", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Presented here are some significant questions concerning the state of handwriting in infant and primary schools in England, and some possible answers to these questions. The ramifications may apply not only to English schools but schools of other countries as well. During the 1960s and 1970s in particular, handwriting became a forgotten craft in the schools, but improving the standards for both teachers and children is an important task that deserves attention and continuing concern in our fast-moving world.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The examples of Copperplate, Print-Script, and Italic handwriting are from the hand of Gunnlaugur S. E. Briem.", } @Article{Tsao:1983:IDC, author = "Yao-Chung Tsao and Tsai-Guey Wang", title = "Information Distribution in {Chinese} Characters", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "357--364", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Chinese passages were mutilated either in the right, left, upper, or lower halves and presented to native speakers to read. In Experiment 1 passages were read from left to right; while in Experiment 2 from top to bottom. Time taken to read them and errors were analyzed. Both measures showed that in both experiments the upper halves of characters are easier to read than the lower half, and right halves easier than left. Regression analysis method was used to examine effects of seven independent variables on reading accuracy of the characters. Among them, phonetic cue, symmetry, and number of strokes in the presented half were found to be significant factors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bar-Lev:1983:HH, author = "Zev Bar-Lev", title = "{Hebrew} Hieroglyphics", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "365--379", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "This article presents a walk-through of sample mini-lessons in an innovative method for teaching foreign language, along with brief remarks on its success in trial runs. The main innovation of the method is its use of reading as a starting point. The mini-lessons cover four stages: a pure hieroglyphic stage, a linearized hieroglyphical stage, a key-letter stage, and a phonetic stage. The method is directly applicable to language with different writing systems, such as Hebrew, Arabic, Japanese, or Chinese. But it also has radical implications for the teaching of foreign languages generally, since the sequencing of stages precisely reverses the accepted curricular ordering not only in all of these languages, but also in European languages and in English as a second language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Perlman:1983:GAT, author = "Gary Perlman and Thomas D. Erickson", title = "Graphical Abstractions of Technical Documents", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "380--389", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Good technical writing demands clear and concise communication that allows readers to skim documents for efficient access to information. To aid technical writers many computer programs have been written to analyze writing style in the hopes of improving writing standards. These programs have tended to be of a numerical statistical nature, summarizing a document or predicting its ``goodness.'' We feel such programs hide more information than is advisable to help writers understand where and why their documents may have difficulties. After introducing the general concept of an abstraction of a document, we describe the other side of the text analysis coin: graphical displays of text that enhance structural components of a document. We describe two programs for graphical textual analysis: one generates displays of the logical structure of sections of a document; the other generates graphs of the complexity of the individual sentences. While these programs are not the final statement of abstract text analysis, they point a new direction in which we think writing aids should be going.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Weber:1983:BS, author = "Rose-Marie Weber", title = "Behind the Slash", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "390--395", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "The slash is appearing with increasing frequency in constructions like listener/speaker and memory/motor skills. It sometimes joins coordinate words that are alternatives in a sentence, but more often joins coordinates additively, especially nouns and noun compounds. Constructions with a slash are useful in providing lexical cohesion over extended passages. Like other devices in written English, they contribute to making information more integrated in writing than in speech.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Groff:1983:SWL, author = "Patrick Groff", title = "Significance of Word Length", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "396--398", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite the lack of direct empirical evidence on the issue, much comment from teacher educators has been made about the effect of word length on word recognition. A report of this relationship as found with fourth-grade children is reported here. The results of three tests of this relationship are reported: the percentages of these children's correct reading of words of varying syllabic lengths; the correlation between these correct reading of words and their syllabic counts; and the correlation between these correct readings of words and their letter counts. None of these statistics supports the conclusion that there is a significant relationship between word length and word recognition.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moskin:1983:FBE, author = "J. Robert Moskin", title = "The Future for Books in the Electronic Era: a report on a seminar jointly sponsored by the {Jerusalem International Book Fair} and the {Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "399--407", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", abstract = "In the future a book may be bought as a bubble-wrapped package containing a dust jacket together with a computer chip from which the reader prints out the text at home. Publishers may not stock inventory but print books when customers order them. Information will be acquired from computerized databanks, but literature and poetry will remain in printed form. The usage of language may be changing under the impact of staccato TV-talk. Although most cultural and political life has always taken place outside the home, the new electronic technology may be creating an isolating ``living room culture.'' These are some of the possible effects of the new electronic technology on the future of books and book publishing that were discussed by a panel of diverse experts in a two-day seminar at the Jerusalem International Book Fair in late April 1983.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McNelly:1983:FDV, author = "Willis E. McNelly", title = "Floppy Discs vs. Coffee Stains", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "408--409", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sampson:1983:RTO, author = "Geoffrey Sampson", title = "Is Roman Type an Open-Ended System? {A} Response to {Douglas Hofstadter}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "410--412", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See reply \cite{Hofstadter:1982:MFM,Hofstadter:1983:R}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hofstadter:1983:R, author = "Douglas Hofstadter", title = "[Reply]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "413--416", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Hofstadter:1982:MFM,Sampson:1983:RTO}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Knuth:1983:C, author = "Donald E. Knuth and William C. Stokoe", title = "Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "417--418", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Hofstadter:1982:MFM,Knuth:1982:CMF}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "419--420", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1983:MAB, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{In} memoriam: {Advisory Board} members {G. Willem Ovink} and {Bror Zachrisson}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "420--420", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1983:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XVII}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVII", number = "4", pages = "422--424", month = "Autumn", year = "1983", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:01:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V17N4_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1984:ABa, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:41:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "3--3", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:41:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:PYA, author = "Anonymous", title = "Photograph of Young {Ashley Smith}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "4--4", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:41:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The PDF file is blanked out above the caption.", } @Article{Yaden:1984:RRM, author = "David B. {Yaden, Jr.}", title = "Reading Research in Metalinguistic Awareness: Findings, Problems, and Classroom Applications", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "5--47", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "Metalinguistic awareness --- defined as the ability to reflect upon and analyze the structure of both spoken and written language --- is discussed in view of its relationship to the acquisition of reading in young children. The corpus of existing research literature is grouped and examined under three broad categories which are indicative of major lines of research: (a) Concepts about the nature, purposes, and processes of reading, (b) concepts about spoken language units and instructional terminology, and (c) knowledge of print conventions and mapping principles. Examined in other major sections are issues related to the direction of cause between metalinguistic abilities and reading, disparities in research methodology between studies, and commercial instruments purporting to measure metalinguistic knowledge. A major conclusion reached by the review is that although young children are largely unaware of the overriding structure of both speech and print, experience with written language is the most efficient way to enhance metalinguistic growth. Implications for reading instruction and directions for future research are suggested as well.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Schmandt-Besserat:1984:BN, author = "Denise Schmandt-Besserat", title = "Before Numerals", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "48--60", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "The paper deals with the development of counting devices in the ancient Middle East between 10,000-3000 B.C. and, in particular, bone tallies, clay tokens, and numerical notations on clay tablets. These technologies handled plurality in increasingly abstract terms. Data is tested against a model for the development of abstract numbers proposed by the historian of mathematics Tobias Danzig.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Keenan:1984:ECL, author = "Stacey A. Keenan", title = "Effects of Chunking and Line Length on Reading Efficiency", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "61--80", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "This study investigated whether text with one phrase or ``chunk'' on each line aids reading in comprehension and proofreading tasks. The chunked format was produced by a computer program that uses syntactic rules to determine chunk boundaries. Contrary to expectations, the chunked format was read significantly more slowly than the standard format in all tasks, at two difficulty levels, and with both screen and paper presentation. A new explanatory variable, line-length variability, could account for these results and also reconcile conflicting findings from previous research. From a literature review, we can infer that both chunking and shorter line lengths have positive effects on reading efficiency, but high line-length variability has a strong negative effect. Because chunking increases line-length variability, it can interfere with reading.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1984:VET, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "The Visual Editing of Texts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "81--86", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "Words mesmerize more than they inform. Any piece of writing is an image as well as a message. Hence, whether you want to mesmerize or to inform you must acquire a mastery over the proper letterforms and how to arrange them on any surface. This is more than can be taught in primary schools where all teaching begins as handwriting. Typography, as an extension of handwriting, can no longer be considered a preserve of specialized craftsmen. Therefore all teachers at any level in any branch of learning should be able to analyze, to study, and to describe any text as a constellation of alphabets and a configuration of columns and lines --- that is, to perceive what is on the page and to practice the visual editing of the case one wants to defend. Adapted from a lecture given at Stanford University, May 1983.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Avrin:1984:HMO, author = "Leila Avrin", title = "{Hebrew} Micrography: One Thousand Years of Art in Script", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "87--95", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "The art of Hebrew micrography --- minute writing in the shape of objects or designs --- began in the late ninth century in Eretz Israel. From there is spread to Egypt, Yemen, and Europe, where it reached its height from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries. While nearly all medieval micrography was in Bibles, after the Renaissance it appears in marriage contracts and on other sheets of parchment or paper hung on the walls of synagogues and homes. This longest lasting of Jewish art forms continues to be widely practiced today by scribes and calligraphers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = "Winter", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:41:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N1_1983_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1984:ABb, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "98--98", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:50:53 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wright:1984:ISI, author = "Patricia Wright", title = "Introduction to the Special Issue: Some Effects of Communication Medium on Visible Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "98--101", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:50:53 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Walker:1984:HTC, author = "Sue Walker", title = "How Typewriters Changed Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "102--117", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "Typewriters began to be widely used in the 1880s and 1890s, and one of the first uses was for the typing of commercial correspondence. Because typewriters are relatively inflexible compared with handwriting, typing inevitably influenced the visual organization of correspondence. These changes in visual organization are evident in the reduced use of indention and superscript, increased width of margins, and line spacing being dependent on the length of the letter. This paper will discuss the development of such changes, drawing examples both from the prescriptions for, and the practice of, commercial correspondence.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baron:1984:CMC, author = "Naomi S. Baron", title = "Computer Mediated Communication as a Force in Language Change", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "118--141", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper develops a formalized linguistic perspective from which to explore how the medium of communication influences both what ideas can be expressed and how these ideas are expressed. This linguistic perspective enables the use of computers as a replacement for writing, and as a replacement for speech, to be examined in detail. The asymmetric influences between writing and speech are discussed. It is possible to anticipate some of the changes that may occur to these traditional means of communication as people make increasing use of computerized systems for information exchange. The linguistic concept of ``register'' is extended to computer-based communications, and it is noted that there is an increased tendency for aggression to be displayed when talking terminal to terminal. Finally, the impact of developments in networking and computer conferencing on the social uses of communication are considered.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bryant:1984:RLC, author = "Philip Bryant", title = "Reading Library Catalogues and Indexes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "142--153", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper gives a brief description of some of the work undertaken by the Centre for Catalogue Research at the University of Bath. Some of the Centre's research is concerned with visual factors affecting the design and performance of library catalogues and indexes. The involvement of computers in the generation of catalogues has enabled people's performance to be studied with alternative catalogue displays. One of the critical factors is the number of entries which can be scanned per page, the more entries the shorter the search time. Another critical factor is the way keyboards in a title are displayed in relation to the context both of the other words in the title and the other entries in the catalogue. It is shown that major improvements are possible to the visual display of the information on some of the catalogue systems currently in use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Norrish:1984:MTP, author = "Pat Norrish", title = "Moving Tables from Paper to {CRT} Screen", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "154--170", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper develops the notion of ``layers'' of information within a table, and discusses how such layers are typographically distinguished on paper and in a viewdata system (Prestel). A case history is presented of the difficulties facing a British government department wishing to communicate frequently updated tabular information to the agricultural community. Several approaches to design solutions are discussed it terms of the adequacy with which they handle the different layers of information within the table. This leads to a formulation of the kinds of question which designers need to consider when transferring information from print to CRT screen.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pullinger:1984:DPC, author = "David J. Pullinger", title = "Design and Presentation of {{\booktitle{Computer Human Factors}}} Journal on the {BLEND} System", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "171--185", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper reviews the various design decisions made during an experimental project in which a scholarly journal was presented on a CRT screen instead of paper. It was found that decisions about how information was displayed were closely related to decisions about how to help readers move around within the text. For example, the content lists itemizing those papers which were included in the journal had to include more information than is customary with printed journals. It was also found helpful to include a detailed contents list at the beginning of each article by which readers could quickly access specific sections of that text. For similar reasons the ways in which references were cited in the text had to be modified. It was found that readers and writers had problems with the multiplicity of numbering systems which arose and also with the technological limitations on the integration of words and graphics. Finally, consideration is given to some of the implications of the potential offered by the electronic medium for departing from conventional linear sequencing of journal articles.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wright:1984:IRR, author = "P. Wright and A. Lickorish", title = "Investigating Referee's Requirements in an Electronic Medium", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "186--205", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "The performance of eight academics refereeing two scholarly journal articles is examined when the articles are presented either on paper or on a CRT screen. Three aspects of performance are analyzed: (a) details of how the task was undertaken by each referee, (b) individual assessments of the two presentation media, (c) the effect of presentation medium on the evaluation of each article's merit. The results showed that there was considerable variation among referees in the way they undertook the task and in their evaluation of each article. Referees tended to be slower with the CRT text and made several criticisms of the facilities available to them in the electronic medium. Suggestions were put forward concerning the support needed for refereeing academic papers presented in an electronic medium. In this study evaluative assessments of the merits of each article were not affected by the presentation medium.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "206--206", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:50:53 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "207--207", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:50:53 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1984:SOM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation of \booktitle{Visible Language}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "2", pages = "208--208", month = "Spring", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 14:50:53 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N2_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "The report says 1982 average copies per issue for past twelve months.", } @Article{Wrolstad:1984:ABc, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "210--210", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:00:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "211--211", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:00:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } @Article{Seeley:1984:SIA, author = "Chris Seeley", title = "Special Issue: Aspects of the {Japanese} Writing System", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "213--218", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:00:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } @Article{Backhouse:1984:AGS, author = "A. E. Backhouse", title = "Aspects of the Graphological Structure of {Japanese}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "219--228", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "Certain important general features of the graphological structure of modern Japanese are reviewed. The Japanese writing system is characterized in particular by its plurality of scripts and by the distinctive nature of the kanji (character) script. Three major structural repercussions of these properties in the normal orthography are surveyed: firstly, the differential function of the various scripts in distinguishing grammatical from lexical items and, within the lexicon, in marking membership of motivating, by way of graphological linkage, the learned Sino-Japanese vocabulary in terms of the neutral native vocabulary; and finally, the differential role played by kanji in two important types of homophony.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } @Article{Twine:1984:APJ, author = "Nannette Twine", title = "The Adoption of Punctuation in {Japanese} Script", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "229--237", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "Exposure to Western writings in the nineteenth century had a beneficial effect on the spatial organization of Japanese texts, which had hitherto been either sketchily punctuated or not punctuated at all. The use of such devices as word spacing, paragraphing, commas, and full stops was advocated first in essays by scholars of the West and applied in a few school textbooks in the early Meiji period (1868--1912). The real impetus for the adoption of European-style punctuation, however, came from the novelists who produced the various schools or modern fiction which began to appear from the mid-1880s. They experimented with the whole spectrum of European devices in conjunction with a new colloquial style, though not all proved appropriate to Japanese. Through their efforts the practice of punctuating texts became well established and later spread outside the realm of fiction to other areas of written Japanese.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } @Article{Unger:1984:JOC, author = "J. Marshall Unger", title = "{Japanese} Orthography in the Computer Age", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "238--253", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "Modern Japanese writing makes use of a large inventory of Chinese characters. Computers that can output such characters and represent them internally may cost more than computers that need only handle standard alphanumeric data, but there is no difficulty designing and manufacturing them. On the other hand, although many ingenious systems for input have been devised, none comes close to matching the efficiency of touch typing. Why is this, and is there hope for a breakthrough in the years ahead? This paper attempts to answer both these questions by examining the linguistic and technical factors which are responsible for the intractability of the input problem, and the social factors which lend it a sense of urgency. Special care is taken to separate those aspects of the problem which are genuinely cultural in nature from those which are not. The conclusion is not encouraging: an efficient general-purpose input system is unlikely. The Japanese might be better off directing some of the capital they are now investing in the quest for artificial intelligence towards less glamorous pursuits such as fostering public acceptance of romanization for use in computer applications that demand fast, accurate, easily modified input. The political resolve for such an approach, however, seems to be lacking.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } @Article{Unger:1984:JB, author = "J. Marshall Unger", title = "{Japanese Braille}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "254--266", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "Braille is perhaps the only area of Japanese linguistic life in which serious attention was paid to the problem of word and phrase delimiters before the advent of computers. Japanese orthography does not use spaces in the Western manner, but braille texts must if they are to be intelligible. The first part of this paper describes the fundamentals of Japanese braille --- in which cells correspond to letters of the alphabet, punctuation marks, or special contracted forms --- Japanese braille cells are associated with elements of the syllabic script called kana. This leaves no room for contractions, although it does result in some savings in space. Are these savings superior to what could be achieved in a roman-based Japanese braille system? The second part of this paper answers that question in the negative.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } @Article{Seeley:1984:JSS, author = "Chris Seeley", title = "{Japanese} Script since 1900", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "267--301", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "The postwar Toyo kanji reforms were successful in helping very substantially to simplify the writing of ordinary, non-specialist Japanese texts by restricting the number of kanji in use, their readings, and their form (jitai). In 1891 the Toyo kanji List of 1946 was replaced by the more extensive Joyo naji List. The compilation of the new list over a period of eight years, and its formal adoption, were the subject of much debate. This article gives an account of the new list in terms of its developments through two draft stages to the final version, examines its contents and nature, and provides a comparison with the Toyo kanji List. By way of introduction, a summary is given of changes in the Japanese script from 1900 onwards.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "3", pages = "303--303", month = "Summer", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:00:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N3_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Aspects of the Japanese Writing System. Guest Editor: Chris Seeley.", } %%% Pages 307--308 are missing from V18N4_1984_E.pd @Article{Wrolstad:1984:AB, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "306--306", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:GI, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "307--307", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Massaro:1984:SIP, author = "Dominic Massaro", title = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Edited by {Dominic Massaro, University of California, Santa Cruz} and {Cesare Cornoldi, University of Padova, Italy}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "309--309", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baddeley:1984:RWM, author = "Alan Baddeley", title = "Reading and Working Memory", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "311--322", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "The concept of working memory is outlined, with particular reference to a hypothetical component, the articulatory loop. Research on the possible involvement of the articulatory loop in fluent adult reading is discussed in connection with the effects of phonological similarities within the material to be read, and the effects of articulatory suppression. Evidence from written and spoken puns is also considered. The model is then used to investigate the comprehension and reading performance of a patient with defective short term memory attributable to an impairment in the phonological short-term store. The evidence combines to suggest that the articulatory loop is not essential for most fluent reading, but is important for the accurate processing of complex text. The final section considers the possible involvement of the articulatory loop in learning to read, presents evidence for its importance, and suggests possible strategies for optimizing its use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{Massaro:1984:RAK, author = "Dominic W. Massaro", title = "Reading Ability and Knowledge of Orthographic Structure", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "323--332", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "It has been well-documented that orthographic structure (spelling constraints) contributes to the perceptual processing of letter strings. The present paper continues this study by exploring the relationship between utilization of orthographic structure and reading ability. Fourth-graders of varying reading ability were given pairs of letter strings and asked to pick the string that most resembles English spelling. The letters strings were varied systematically in terms of lexical status, frequency of sublexical patterns, and rule-based regularity. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between reading ability and appropriate decisions about English spelling. Some constraints in English spelling are mentioned along with some suggestions about how classroom practice might be modified to facilitate the child's understanding of orthographic structure.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{Simion:1984:ADC, author = "Francesca Simion and Beatrice Benelli and Franca Tarantini", title = "Is Activation of Different Codes Related to Age and Stimulus Material?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "333--341", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "The activation of different codes as related to age and stimulus material was studied using a same/different classification task. Two age levels (6.5 and 10.6) and two kinds of stimuli were considered. Response latencies and errors were evaluated for pairs of letters and geometrical figures, tachistoscopically presented. For both types of material same responses were given to physical identity pairs, analog identity pairs, and name identity pairs. The results show that: (1) the nature of the stimuli affects the types of codes activated where higher-order operations are required to compare the stimuli; (2) the level of accuracy as a function of age for both types of stimuli.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{Burani:1984:MSL, author = "Cristina Burani and Dario Salmaso and Alfonso Caramazza", title = "Morphological Structures and Lexical Access", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "342--352", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "The three experiments reported in this paper addressed the question of whether the frequency of the root-morpheme of a word (e.g., sent from sentire, to hear) or the frequency of the surface form of a word (e.g., sentito, heard) determines decision latencies in a lexical decision task. The results indicate that both root-morpheme and word surface frequency contribute to variation in lexical decision times supporting previously reported experiments by Taft (1979). We argue that these results support a model of lexical organization that represents words in morphologically decomposed form. We also propose, however, that the address procedure for these representations do not require that the stimulus input be parsed into roots and affixes but can be addressed through a whole word address system.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{FloresdArcais:1984:LKW, author = "Giavanni B. {Flores d'Arcais}", title = "Lexical Knowledge and Word Recognition: Children's Reading of Function Words", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "353--371", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper presents a series of experiments on children's recognition of function words such as connectives and prepositions. The questions address: Is there a developmental difference in the recognition of content and function words? How available are words from the two word classes in reading? Is the difference in lexical availability of content and function words a matter of grammatical class or of meaningfulness? To what extent does the context affect the recognition of function words? Two lexical decision experiments are reported in which the availability of connectives and prepositions has been compared to that of content words. A third experiment involved a semantic categorization task, in which the subjects had to decide whether content and function words were referring to the concept of time or not, and in which function words were decided upon much more slowly. The fourth was a probe latency experiment in which the subjects had to decide whether a given word --- a connective, a preposition, a verb, or a noun --- had been part of a sentence previously presented. Finally, the fifth was an experiment on word recognition in context. The results showed a lower availability of function words as compared to content words. A second finding was that this lower availability may be, as least in part, more a matter of meaningfulness than of grammatical class, function words being characterized in general by less semantic content. A third conclusion was that context facilitates recognition of function words only at a higher age.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{Cavedon:1984:SVS, author = "Adele Cavedon and Cesare Cornoldi and Rossana DeBeni", title = "Structural vs. Semantic Coding in Reading of Isolated Works by Deaf Children", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "372--381", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "It is well known that deaf children experience great problems in reading. The paper explores the deaf problems in reading isolated words with a continuous recognition task, including 20 ``basic'' words and four distracters selected for the basic words on the basis either of structural similarities (visual and phonetic) or semantic connection (a synonym or a strongly associated word). Deaf children, 11-15 years old, were compared with hearing children matched for grade (experiment one) and for age or school achievement (experiment two). Patterns of confusion, inferred by false positives, indicated that hearing children relied more on semantic properties of items and deaf children more on structural properties. This result contrasts with the idea that deaf reading difficulties are mainly related to an absence of structural processing of items and suggests that their main problem concerns a less deep coding of items during reading.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{Masterson:1984:SDD, author = "Jacqueline Masterson", title = "Surface Dyslexia and Developmental Disorders of Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "382--390", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "A comparison is made of characteristics of the reading of five adult neurological patients suffering from the reading disorder known as surface dyslexia, and four children suffering from reading disorder in the absence of any observable signs of neurological damage. The four main symptoms of surface dyslexia are: (1) greater difficulty in reading aloud irregularly spelled words (such as gauge, debt) than regularly spelled words (such as grill, turn), (2) errors in reading aloud characterized by regulations and visual errors, (3) spelling errors are usually phonologically correct, (4) confusion between homophones in defining printed words. These symptoms were all found in the reading and spelling of the four children with reading disorder.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{Blachowicz:1984:RRC, author = "Camille L. Z. Blachowicz", title = "Reading and Remembering: a Constructivist Perspective on Reading Comprehension and Its Disorders", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "391--403", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper reviews several models of reading which have influenced educational practice and present a schema-theoretic perspective on reading comprehension. Such a framework proves fruitful for investigating young readers' knowledge of and use of prose structure and offers a model within which to reconsider disorders of comprehension. The concluding section looks at the instructional research on schema availability and maintenance as well as work on children's comprehension and metacomprehension and suggest further research on the cognitive components of reading difficulty.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Psychological Processes in Reading. Guest Editors: Dominic Massaro and Cesare Cornoldi.", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "404--405", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1984:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XVIII}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XVIII", number = "4", pages = "406--408", month = "Autumn", year = "1984", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 15:08:39 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V18N4_1984_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1985:ABa, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "3--3", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:PMF, author = "Anonymous", title = "The printer's mark of {Friedrich Peypus. Nuremberg}, active 1512--1534", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "4--4", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Bigelow:1985:I, author = "Charles Bigelow", title = "Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "5--10", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Dreyfus:1985:TPT, author = "John Dreyfus", title = "A Turning Point in Type Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "11--22", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATypI working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zapf:1985:FTT, author = "Hermann Zapf", title = "Future Tendencies in Type Design: The Scientific Approach to Letterforms", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "23--34", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Knuth:1985:LLM, author = "Donald E. Knuth", title = "Lessons Learned from {Metafont}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "35--53", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:PMW, author = "Anonymous", title = "The printer's mark of {Wechel}. 1495--1554", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "54--54", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{LopesCardozo:1985:SKW, author = "Lida {Lopes Cardozo}", title = "Stonecuttings from {Kindersley}'s Workshop", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "55--59", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stauffacher:1985:TPK, author = "Jack Stauffacher", title = "The {Transylvanian} Phoenix: The {Kis--Janson} Types in the Digital Era", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "60--76", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Carter:1985:GMR, author = "Matthew Carter", title = "{Galliard}: a Modern Revival of Types of {Robert Granjon}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "77--98", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Drost:1985:PD, author = "Henk Drost", title = "Punchcutting Demonstration", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "99--106", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Nelson:1985:MMM, author = "Stan Nelson", title = "Mould Making, Matrix Fitting, and Hand Casting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "107--120", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:PMH, author = "Anonymous", title = "The printer's mark of {The Hackiana Press. Leyden}, 1671", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "121--121", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:PMAa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The printer's mark of {Antoine De Harsy. Lyon}, 1550", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "122--122", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Gurtler:1985:FRM, author = "Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler and Christian Mengelt", title = "Fundamental Research Methods and Form Innovations in Type Design Compared to Technological Developments in Type Production", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "123--147", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:PMG, author = "Anonymous", title = "The printer's mark of {The Guinta Press. Antwerp}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "148--148", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Gottschall:1985:SAT, author = "Edward Gottschall", title = "The State of the Art in Typeface Design Protection", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "149--155", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue presents the proceedings of the fifth ATyp1 working seminar which brought together masters of metal and digital type founding. Such notable type designers as Matthew Carter, Donald Knuth and Hermann Zapf present articles. Typographic history is examined by John Dreyfus, Andr{\'e} G{\"u}rtler, Christian Mengelt and Jack Stauffacher.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:PMAb, author = "Anonymous", title = "The printer's mark of {Aldus Manutius. Venice}, 1450--1515", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "156--156", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Baudin:1985:AFA, author = "Fernand Baudin and Inga Wennik and Margaret Tsai", title = "Abstracts --- {French}; Abstracts --- {German}; Abstracts --- {Japanese}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "157--163", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "164--166", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:C, author = "Anonymous", title = "Colophon", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "1", pages = "167--168", month = "Winter", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:15:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N1_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1985:CGB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Computer Graphics: Bridging the Gap", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "173--177", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "Three educators from different universities, the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, the University of Reading in the United Kingdom, and the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, discuss their experience with integrating computer graphics into their graphic design programs. The ``conversation'' took place via email during a period of seven months. The discussion moves between practical and philosophical issues and between a specific graphic design education perspective and a more general design perspective.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Owen:1985:GDC, author = "Charles Owen and Roger Remington and Michael Twyman and Sharon Poggenpohl", title = "Graphic Design: Computer Graphics: {What} Do They Mean? {How} Do They Fit?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "178--225", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Shamonsky:1985:SGG, author = "Dorothy Shamonsky", title = "Scripting Graphic With Graphics", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "226--242", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper describes a system for scripting and editing graphic procedures with graphic representations or icons. The icons are small bit-map images that carry with them information about special placement, list placement, and pointers to procedures. Two interactive graphic software packages have been written, one for creating icons and one for scripting with icons. Icons can be created in two ways: (1) making bit-maps from frame buffer images and (2) drawing by grid filling. Icons have been created with pointers to a series of image transformation procedures. Scripts can be created in two ways: (1) by storyboarding icons or (2) by playing out a sequence of graphics and recording the list of events. Scripts can be edited, saved, played, and re-edited. All interaction is done with puck, tablet, menus, and visual cues. A historical overview of computer icons is presented, using several key systems as examples.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{MillerRubin:1985:SCA, author = "Morissa {Miller Rubin}", title = "Spatial Context as an Aid to Page Layout: a system for planning and sketching", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "243--250", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nishimura:1985:DID, author = "Yoshiki Nishimura and Keiichi Sato", title = "Dynamic Information Display", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "251--271", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "The video screens and sophisticated computer technology offer new display media for typographic information transfer. However, the design attributes for composition employed by this new media take little advantage of this new technology; instead, they tend to emulate conventional design attributes established for print. In new media, the state of an information display changes because the three-dimensional structure of its information (the two dimensions of the display plane and the time dimension) is revealed in temporal segments on the display screen; its communication is dynamic. New design attributes for composition must be identified by considering this dynamic nature. These and a new design process in which programmed rules assist the designer to create visual patterns in a dynamic layout are explored in this paper.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Allmendinger:1985:CDE, author = "Leif Allmendinger and Mihai Nadin", title = "Computers in Design Education: a case study", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "272--287", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "This article is a condensed version of a larger study entitled Design with Computers, Design for Computers, Computers for Design-Enhanced Creativity; Proposal for a Computer Implementation Model for a College of Art and Design. The plan deals with all areas of education that the Rhode Island School of Design is responsible for: freshman foundation, liberal arts, the library, the museum, and first of all the degree programs in art, design, and architecture. For the purpose of this presentation, emphasis is placed on computers in relation to art and design. The plan's main ideas are: (1) What computers can do for design; (2) What designers (and future designers) in the educational environment can do for computers and computer-aided technology. The characteristics of the college and its relations with nearby colleges and businesses were carefully considered in light of the state of the art in computer technology and software.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Jones:1985:GDT, author = "Mary Jones", title = "Graphic Design: Towards Digital Applications", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "288--296", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "The disciplines of Graphic Design and Computer Science interact synergistically; the computer is used by the designer as a creative tool while the scientist benefits from the designer's contribution concerning the best use of the visual potential of the medium. The graphic designer is urged to become computer-literate not only to take advantage of current technology in the design workplace or to seek new professional opportunities in the computer field, but to participate in the development of software that will best serve the designer's needs without restricting the dynamic nature of the design process.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:Ba, author = "Anonymous", title = "Bibliography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "297--297", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:ATF, author = "Anonymous", title = "Abstracts in Translation [{French}, {German}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "298--301", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:Bb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Biographies", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "302--304", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Wrolstad:1985:ABb, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "304--305", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "305--305", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:BI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back Issues", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "2", pages = "306--306", month = "Spring", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N2_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Computer and the Hand in Type Design. Guest editors: Charles Bigelow and Lynn Ruggles. Proceedings of the seminar ``The Computer and the Hand in Type Design'' held at Stanford University from July 31 to August 7, 1983.", } @Article{Wrolstad:1985:ABc, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "3", pages = "308--308", month = "Summer", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N3_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "3", pages = "309--310", month = "Summer", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N3_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nickerson:1985:ALT, author = "Raymond S. Nickerson", title = "Adult Literacy and Technology", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "3", pages = "311--355", month = "Summer", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N3_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "Illiteracy among adults is a serious national problem in the United States and elsewhere. Attempts to alleviate the problem have worked only marginally well. Recently the Adult Literacy Initiative of the United States Department of Education convened a workshop to address the question of how technology might be used to teach reading, writing, and related skills to adults. This is the chairman's report of that workshop. It begins with an overview of the problem of illiteracy among adults. There follow discussions of what it means to be literate, of considerations pertaining to the teaching of literacy, of how technology relates to literacy, and of some possible ways in which technology might be used to facilitate the teaching of reading, writing, and related skills. Several specific recommendations are made regarding the exploitation of these possibilities.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Harker:1985:NIL, author = "W. John Harker", title = "The New Imperative in Literary Criticism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "3", pages = "356--372", month = "Summer", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N3_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "The purpose of this paper is in the first instance to situate the relative importance of the reader and the text in contemporary literary criticism. The basic tenets of the New Criticism are explored and illustrated, and the doctrine of the reader response criticism which has followed it is examined through the work of two of its leading proponents, Stanley Fish and Wolfgang Iser. It is argued that the decline of the New Criticism and the rise of reader response criticism can be explained in terms of a diminished notion of public verse and the ascendancy of a countervailing notion of private verse. Reader response criticism is then assessed in terms of its contribution to an understanding of the process of reading literature. It is concluded that there is a need for a new imperative in literacy criticism which conceives literary understanding in terms of a communication process in which both text and reader are granted importance.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Viglionese:1985:IFW, author = "Paschal C. Viglionese", title = "The Inner Functioning of Words: Iconicity in Poetic Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "3", pages = "373--386", month = "Summer", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N3_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "Although it is generally believed that writing is the transcription of the union of sound and sense in speech which makes it appear to be a secondary mode of signification, it can be shown that the union of visual expression and content which constitutes writing is in reality the primary mode. The analysis in detail of several examples of Italian poetry will illustrate the special truth of this in the case of poetic language. The signification in union of expression and content in poetry is virtually motivated or iconic. To be iconic, a written sign need not be an isomorphic imitation of some real-world or natural shape; rather, its shape is the visual result of an ``inner functioning'' of words. The already culturalized world of meaning is the basis of the iconicity of the sign in poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nickerson:1985:MEC, author = "Jeff Nickerson", title = "The Mind's Eye and the {CRT} Terminal: Towards a Diagrammatic Interface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "3", pages = "387--400", month = "Summer", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:01 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N3_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "The differences between humans and computers are drastic. The most significant for this discussion is the difference between the parallel processing of humans and the sequential processing of current machines. We can take advantage of parallel processing by combining the eye with the CRT. Computer memory is presented in a virtually simultaneous manner on the screen, and the image there presented is processed in parallel by the human visual system. The CRT is not only an input port to the eyes, but also a model of the mind. Renaissance practitioners of mnemonics appreciated the screen-like nature of human memory. This leads to a visual comparison between the Renaissance memory systems and the current trend toward windows on the CRT. It is appropriate to look at the sign process. We look at current interfaces in terms of Peirce's most used trichotomy, that between Icon, Index, and Symbol. Current interfaces involve mainly symbolic signs, with the recent addition of low-level iconic signs. Missing from the interface as a main component are the indexical signs and their realization through more sophisticated iconic representations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "3", pages = "401--401", month = "Summer", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N3_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:BIV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back issues of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} in print", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "3", pages = "402--402", month = "Summer", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 16 19:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N3_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrolstad:1985:ABd, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "404--404", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 06:26:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Preckshot:1985:ISI, author = "Judith E. Preckshot", title = "Introduction to the Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "405--409", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 06:26:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Edson:1985:VLC, author = "Laurie Edson", title = "Visible Language in Contemporary Culture", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "410--425", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "Visible language appears in many forms in our society and serves a wide variety of functions. More often than not, it is built into an aesthetic design to serve a graphic as well as a referential function, as in posters, tee shirts, restaurant menus, or graffiti in New York's subway stations. This article focuses on specific instances in which visible language works with or against an accompanying image to produce certain effects on the reader/spectator by playing with conventions of representation. By exploring the book cover of Manuel Puig's Kiss of the Spider Woman (with its reference to movie posters of the 40's) and various ``comic strip'' paintings by Roy Lichtenstein, the article investigates the extent to which myths and fictions invade and play dominant roles in our daily lives.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Winspur:1985:PPP, author = "Steven Winspur", title = "Poetry, Portrait, Poetrait", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "426--438", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "The aim of this essay is to show how a writing of visible traits has been an ideal shared by writers of (and commentators on) French poetry for at least the last two hundred years. I use the term trait in its various meanings, both as personal attribute and as written or, especially, painted trace: according to the etymology of por-tray, the trait ``drawn forth'' in a painting or what I call a ``poetrait,'' preserves some vital element of the object or person portrayed. In order to define this writing of traits, I begin by examining some early texts of the 18th and 16th centuries that propose such a writing. After contrasting the trait with the concept of an arbitrary linguistic sign, I go on to show how the trait depends for its existence on the displacement of meaning inherent in figurative language, and especially in poetry. An analysis of poems by Eluard and Saint-John Perse forms the basis for my argument that a poetic writing of traits, inviting the reader to seek meaning in a poem's visual form, rests on a myth of the portrait whereby the marks of a written language are drawn directly from nature.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{James:1985:NSS, author = "Carol Plyley James", title = "``{No}, says the signified'': The `Logical Status' of Words in Painting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "439--461", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "Following the lead of his mentor Duchamp, Arakawa carries on the deconstructive play of non-art (readymades) and the non-visual (enigmatic texts) on his canvasses and posters, operating in the humorous vein of affirmative irony that Duchamp had mined in the dada generation. Going beyond the reiteration of the disruptive effect of words in painting, his book, The Mechanism of Meaning, combines pictorial and textual elements in a complex investigation of meaning where the apparent simplicity of the literal is undone by the spectator's interactions with the contradictions of words and images. An examination of some of its pages attempts to show how Arakawa's work glosses Duchamp's concept of the regardeur, the indeterminable reader/spectator, by performing a critique of the speech-acts theory of meaning. The performative in meaning is shown to be a rhetorical, not a discursive, movement, where intention and convention are inoperable.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Christin:1985:VBC, author = "Anne-Marie Christin", title = "A Visionary Book: {Charles Nodier}'s {{\booktitle{L'Histoire du Roi de Boh{\^e}me et de ses sept ch{\^a}teaux}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "462--483", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "Charles Nodier's Histoire du Roi de Boh{\^e}me is original in several respects: it is the first French Romantic illustrated book; it introduces into writing a completely new typographic expressivity; and it represents an aside in the oeuvre of an author torn between ``bibliomania'' and the love of fantastic tales. The purpose of this article is to analyze the various functions of the image and the typography within L'Histoire du Roi de Boh{\^e}me, and to show that these visual representations of the written word, which give the effect of both spectacle and plastic utterance, mark the beginning of a quest that will find its completion many years later. It will also be seen that the author who is thus dispossessed of his control over narration is the very same one who is fascinated by the ``dispossession'' of dreams; and that for him, a compelling necessity links this book to the oneiric inspiration peculiar to his tales.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Conley:1985:SBC, author = "Tom Conley", title = "{Samuel Beckett}: Color, Letter, and Line", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "484--498", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "Samuel Beckett is portrayed as a supreme ``colorist of prose'' through a decoding of the letter in the text. A critical spotlight is focused on the subtle nuancing of monochromatic black on white lettering in Beckett's Mal vu mal dit and on the shading arising from an overlay of the French on Beckett's own translation into English (Ill Seen Ill Said) and the bilingual punning that results. The text and its subject hover between two languages in complementary and conflictual relation to each other, and between two arts. The fundamental ambiguity in the text and lack of definition of the subject --- whose pronoun shifts from I to he, to she, to we --- are amplified by the translation from the affective (``colored'') French to terms of clearer articulation, in the black on white of Beckett's native English. Mal vu mal dit, the text that embodies the subject, hesitates between the now fading vision that inspired it and the act of articulation and is thus both ``ill seen'' and ``ill said.'' To conclude, the blue that colors the beginning of Beckett's text is defined to Cezanne's terms, as an atmospheric tone evoking a super-nature and the illusion of infinite depth. Awash in this bluish cast (bleut{\'e}), Mal vu mal dit is thus divested of semantic distinctness and permits the play of, and play with, visible signifiers, or letters.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Preckshot:1985:PAP, author = "Judith Preckshot", title = "Press Art: Poets and their Printing Machines", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "499--518", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "Inspired by technology, twentieth-century poets have exploited its instruments through a medium which may be called ``press art.'' They have circumvented what Marshall McLuhan perceives to be the inimical influence of the printing press, to retransform mechanical operations into artisanal handwork and thus to restore originality to products of the press. Language, and the process of its use, has been rendered visible through their innovations. This is shown through an examination of esthetic predispositions and procedures that have entered into the creation of the visual poetry of Guillaume Apollinaire, Pierre Albert-Birot, Pierre Garnier, and John Furnival, and through an assessment of these artists' roles with respect to the secondary production level involving printers or printing machines that enabled the creation and their works' status as ``original'' within this context of collaboration and mechanical reproduction.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{RieseHubert:1985:RVR, author = "Ren{\'e}e {Riese Hubert}", title = "Readable --- Visible: Reflections on the Illustrated Book", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "519--538", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", abstract = "A product of post-modernism, the avant-garde illustrated book, or the ``livre detourn{\'e},'' shares this era's preoccupation with the absence of traditional generic distinctions and its questioning or reading conventions. This is evidenced in the indeterminacy of the text (is it to be read or to be seen?) and its relationships to illustrative elements, as well as in its shape. The ``deviant'' book, as exemplified by Lohr and Kristofori, has the status of an object and is thus perceived more in relation to three-dimensional artifacts than to paintings which have traditionally served as models for illustrated books. As exemplified by the Kickshaws Press productions, where typography dominates, the text is read, and unread, through the letters that give, take and lose shape as the book progresses. This tension between text and typography, which replaces drawn or painted images, reinforces the underlying significance of the text as {\'e}criture, thrusting it into the mise-en-abyme of sui-referentiality from which more pictorial illustration --- particularly that which seconds metaphoric or symbolic interpretations in the text --- gives the illusion of escape.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "539--540", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 06:26:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Anonymous:1985:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "541--542", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 06:26:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", } @Article{Wrolstad:1985:SOM, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "[{Statement} of Ownership, Management and Circulation of \booktitle{Visible Language}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XIX", number = "4", pages = "542--542", month = "Autumn", year = "1985", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 06:26:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V19N4_1985_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Book, Inside and Out. Guest Editor: Judith E. Preckshot.", remark-2 = "The report says 1967 average copies per issue for past twelve months.", } @Article{Wrolstad:1986:ABa, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:39:20 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "3--3", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:39:20 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Higgins:1986:F, author = "Dick Higgins", title = "Foreword", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "5--7", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:39:20 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Ernst:1986:FPT, author = "Ulrich Ernst", title = "The Figured Poem: Towards a Definition of Genre", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "8--27", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "A poetological analysis of the genre of pattern poetry is presented which distinguishes among various forms of picture text composition, and attempts to classify the various sorts of carmina figurata typologically while dealing with the question of continuity and discontinuity of figured poems in ancient, medieval, and modern times.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Higgins:1986:CBO, author = "Dick Higgins", title = "The Corpus of {British} and Other {English}-Language Pattern Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "28--51", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "There exists considerably more pattern poetry in the English language and literature than is usually believed, well over a hundred pieces, dating from the late sixteenth to the eighteenth century, with a few light pieces from the nineteenth century. Most of it is relatively unknown. What is unusual is that almost all of it is in shapes prescribe in Puttenham's Arte of English Poesie (1587), especially shapes that are also known from the Hellenistic Greek. No labyrinths are known in English except two nineteenth century pieces. Almost all is in books, with very few broadsides and strictly occasional verse, unlike, for instance, German pattern poetry where most pieces were published in those forms. Many pieces are stanzaic, unlike the Neo-Latin pattern poems. Curiously, in all these respects it parallels Swedish pattern poetry, even to the point where ``lovers' knots'' are unique to these two languages.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Hatherly:1986:RPS, author = "Ana Hatherly", title = "Reading Paths in {Spanish} and {Portuguese} Baroque Labyrinths", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "52--64", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The problems of reading and classifying labyrinth poems of the Iberian baroque are addressed. A quantity of significant illustrations is provided and commented on, setting forth guide-keys for reading and interpretation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Rypson:1986:LP, author = "Piotr Rypson", title = "The Labyrinth Poem", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "65--95", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The labyrinth, the mythical structure conceived by Daedalus, has been a persistent motif throughout the history of Mediterranean culture. We find it both in visual art of all kinds as well as in literature, and also in the fascinating noman's-land between these two. In the area of word-image interaction there exists a whole collection of texts that were given the name ``poetical labyrinths.'' The origin of labyrinthine poems goes back to the Rome of Augustus Caesar; the visual pattern of these pieces seems to indicate the pattern of a magical dance, perhaps the ancient Greek dance of the Grue. The idea of the poem in medieval times seems also to encompass the idea of the city, of the heavenly Jerusalem. Medieval poetical labyrinths have definite religious connotations, as is also evident in the later works of this genre, influenced by the Jewish Kabbala. This hermeneutic is still valid for the baroque in the case of a number of works, yet more and more labyrinth poems appear in a secularized, ornamental context. This article traces the most significant of these lines of development of this form and its function.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Franke:1986:CPT, author = "Herbert Franke", title = "{Chinese} Patterned Texts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "96--108", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "In China shaped poetry is closely linked with palindromes. The earliest examples are attributed to the fourth century A.D. An important source for early patterned poems was published in the twelfth century; another anthology appeared ca. 1693. The article includes examples of patterned poetry in translation and some remarks on the technique of ``deciphering'' patterned poems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Jha:1986:SCW, author = "Kal{\=a}{\~n}ath Jh{\=a}", title = "{Sanskrit Citrak{\=a}vyas} and the {Western} Pattern Poem: a Critical Appraisal", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "109--120", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Until recently little was known of the striking similarity between Sanskrit citrakavyas and western pattern poems. In the category of visual poetry in Sanskrit fall akaracitras such as club, sword, wheel, lotus, umbrella, banner, trident, bow, arrow, and plogh --- some of which are common to the western carmina figurata --- and caticitras like all-moving, half-moving, horse-step, elephant-step, the varieties of cow-urinating design, a Sanskrit semblance of the western leonine verse. Modern letter poems in the west can be seen as parallel to letter designs of citrakavya. The present paper is an attempt to highlight the points of close convergence between the two genres and to bring home the basic unity underlying them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Adler:1986:PTS, author = "Jeremy Adler", title = "Pastoral Typography: {Sigmund von Birken} and the ``Picture-Rhymes'' of {Johann Helwig}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "121--135", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper argues that European figured poetry of the Renaissance and Baroque periods is a distinctive art form, which combined aspects of Greek and Latin art into a new synthesis. The result was a specifically typographical style of literature, exemplified here in the theoretical comments and the cyclical collections of ``picture-rhymes'' by Birken and Helwig.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Otto:1986:GWL, author = "Karl F. {Otto, Jr.}", title = "{Georg Weber}'s {{\booktitle{Lebens-Fr{\"u}chte}}} (1649)", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "136--145", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Georg Weber's Sieben Theile Wohlriechender Lebens-Fr{\"u}chte (Danzig 1649) is investigated with regard to the pattern poems it contains. Each of the seven introductory poems (all pattern or picture poems) are thematic indicators of the remaining poems in each of the seven sections, and, further, these seven poems form a progression among themselves.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "146--147", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:39:20 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:BIVa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back issues of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} still in print", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "1", pages = "148--148", month = "Winter", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:39:20 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N1_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Pattern Poetry: a Symposium. Guest Editor: Dick Higgins.", } @Article{Wrolstad:1986:ABb, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "150--150", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:GIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "151--151", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Steinberg:1986:IPP, author = "Erwin R. Steinberg", title = "Introduction: Promoting Plain {English}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "153--154", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Bowen:1986:AVA, author = "Betsy A. Bowen and Thomas M. Duffy and Erwin R. Steinberg", title = "Analyzing the Various Approaches of Plain Language Laws", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "155--165", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Plain language laws, designed to ensure that consumers can understand and use the personal business contracts they sign, have recently become an important new kind of regulatory legislation. Seven states have passed laws to control the comprehensibility of consumer contracts; fifteen states have similar legislation pending. These plain language laws range from a simple statement of a general principle to extensive and explicit requirements. Although plain language laws have been in effect for over seven years, no comprehensive evaluation of their effectiveness has yet been done. We propose an evaluation of the plain language laws to determine the characteristics of language and design associated with greatest ease of use, and the design strategies of companies and designers which produce the most usable and comprehensible contracts. This analysis would enable us to identify the best model for plain language legislation. Such an evaluation of plain language laws would require two phases: an analysis of contracts and consumers' ability to use them, and an analysis of the design process which led to the contracts that are easiest to use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Williams:1986:PER, author = "Joseph M. Williams", title = "{Plain English}: The Remaining Problems", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "166--173", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Those who must write clear, readable sentences now have access to about 90\% of everything they need to know to write those sentences. That knowledge can be encapsulated in three principles: (1) Express crucial actions as verbs; (2) locate the participants of those actions in the subjects of the verbs; (3) arrange information in those sentences so that older, more familiar precedes newer, less familiar. But if some scholarly knowledge is available, other needed information is not. We know relatively little about the nature of form. More importantly, we know relatively little about how to teach the knowledge we do have. And most importantly, we know less yet about how to train those responsible for managing the prose of others. There is, though, one crucial piece of certain knowledge that takes precedent over all the rest: before we can train those in an organization how to write plain English, the highest levels of management must make it clear by their active participation in the program that clear communication is their highest priority.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Huckin:1986:PLP, author = "Thomas N. Huckin and Elizabeth H. Curtin and Debra Graham", title = "Prescriptive Linguistics and Plain {English}: The Case of ``Whiz-deletions''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "174--187", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The plain English movement is under considerable pressure to produce simple, easy-to-apply guidelines for writers. Often, however, such guidelines are not consistent with the actual practices of good writers and are therefore ineffective. As a case in point, this paper discusses the guideline ``Avoid whiz-deletions,'' taken from a highly acclaimed plain English handbook. It is shown that whiz-deletions, or reduced relative clauses, actually abound in good writing. They outnumber full relative clauses by a 4-to-1 margin in good standard prose and by an 8-to-1 margin in model plain English documents. Whiz-deletions are useful in helping to de-emphasize information, promote sentence rhythm, facilitate parsing, avoid ambiguity, and omit needless words. The maxim in its original form should be replaced by a more descriptively accurate one that reflects these features. In general, the plain English movement should promote only those guidelines that are consistent with the practices of good writers. Furthermore, such guidelines should be formulated so as to direct the attention of novice writers to broader contextual factors, not just sentence-based ones.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Miller:1986:CCS, author = "Lance A. Miller", title = "Computers for Composition: a Stage Model Approach to Helping", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "188--218", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper is concerned with how computer can assist text composition. It is a review of what has been or is being done --- particularly in the EPISTLE project at the Yorktown IBM Watson Research Center --- and it is also a preview of what could be done in the future. The discussion is centered around a stage model of composition adapted from computer programming. The model's psychological validity, although credible, is secondary to the rather natural way it appears to organize possible computer functions supporting composition. Some stages of this model clearly require powerful language technologies, and the stronger interest is clearly in these. Nevertheless, a number of functions are identified for other stages, which functions do not require extensive linguistic capability to implement or enhance. Throughout the paper there is a deliberate bias towards ``practical'' writing --- writing whose fruits are of unquestioned value and whose authors receive monies undetermined by word counts or reviewers' praise. The notion of this type of writing --- most frequent by far --- is that the composition meets a requirement of business or social commerce, whether it is an interagency status report, product documentation, a step in the process of attempting to free a client, or a worded advertising fantasy designed to attract cash customers. The paper concludes with some consideration of specialized audiences for the various computer functions as well as the roles educators might play in promoting (or obstructing) their development.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Jereb:1986:PEP, author = "Barry Jereb", title = "{Plain English} on the Plant Floor", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "219--225", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Product documentation such as user's guides and programming manuals are key components of the products they support. In 1982 the Allen-Bradley Company, Industrial Computer Group, recognized the need to redefine the way we prepare our manuals --- for several reasons: to reduce complaints, to make our products safer and easier to use, and to increase sales. This case study shows how we identified problems with our manual writing, scheduling, and graphics. It shows how we solved these problems by using plain English and clear document design, and identifies the benefits we've gained from our new approach.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Steinberg:1986:PID, author = "Erwin R. Steinberg", title = "A Program for Improving Documentation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "226--232", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The Communication Design Center of Carnegie-Mellon University undertook two projects for the Systems Division of Allen-Bradley: (1) A management study of the Allen-Bradley manual-writing process, which addressed problems with the content and presentation of information in manuals, training of technical writers, enforcement of document tracking and style guidelines, and needed critical documentation. (2) A Handbook for Manual Writers. The Center helps Allen-Bradley with quality control in the manual-writing process by assigning reviewers to sample additions or revisions. Allen-Bradley manuals carry the seal of the Center to attest to the procedure established for drafting, testing, and editing those manuals (but not to the readability of any particular manual).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Agnew:1986:WBU, author = "G. Reed Agnew", title = "Writing Backwards: The Use of Visual Models in Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "233--241", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The use of visual models in writing technical material can affect the order of the entire writing process --- in effect, reversing it. A single case study is used to explain how a model is developed, what purpose it serves, and how it affects the writing process. A few tips on using visual models in writing are given.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "242--243", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:BIVb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back issues of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} still in print", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = "Spring", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N2_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: Promoting Plain English. Guest Editor: Erwin R. Steinberg", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "246--246", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Wrolstad:1986:ABc, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "247--247", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Olson:1986:ISI, author = "David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove", title = "Introduction: [to special issue]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "248--249", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Schmandt-Besserat:1986:TFI, author = "Denise Schmandt-Besserat", title = "Tokens: Facts and Interpretations", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "250--273", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The first part of the article summarizes some of the major pieces of evidence concerning the archaeological clay tokens and in particular the technique for their manufacture, their geographic distribution, chronology, and the context in which they are found. The second part is devoted to the interpretation of tokens as the first example of visible language and, in particular, as an antecedent of Sumerian writing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{deKerckhove:1986:ALB, author = "Derrick de Kerckhove", title = "Alphabetic Literacy and Brain Processes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "274--293", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Several relationships are explored in this paper to support the hypothesis that writing systems affect cognitive strategies at a deeper level of human information-processing than is generally accepted in present-day psychology. It appears reasonable to claim that the structure of orthographies is strongly correlated with the specific linguistic features of the language they represent. The Greek alphabet developed in the high density area of different Mediterranean cultures and its lineage combines features of the Sumerian and the Egyptian scripts. However, it was worked out as an adaptation to the specific needs of the Greek language. The word ``alphabet'' presents enough ambiguity to warrant a category distinction between consonantal and vocalic types of alphabetic systems. Both types require different processing strategies. Among the indicators of such differences, it has been observed that both orthographies adopted different orientations. In almost all varieties of alphabets and syllabaries, consonantal systems have been written leftwards while vocalic ones have been written to the right. Why? The answer to this question may be found in different neurophysiological constraints imposed on the brain by different types of orthographies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Stock:1986:TRE, author = "Brian Stock", title = "Texts, Readers, and Enacted Narratives", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "394--301", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "My paper is about writers, readers, and the enactment of roles in society. My point of departure is the notion of the ``textual community,'' which is essentially a group of people who have a common understanding of a text, spoken or read, and who organize aspects of their lives as the playing out of a script. I discuss the meaning of ``text'' in this context, the problem of reading, and some of the behavioral principles which lie behind the personal or group narratives.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Olson:1986:ITI, author = "David R. Olson", title = "Interpreting Texts and Interpreting Nature: The Effects of Literacy on Hermeneutics and Epistemology", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "302--317", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "In this paper it is argued that literacy has its cognitive effects indirectly, through the conceptual distinctions and social practices that it fosters, rather than directly, through the actual activities of reading and writing. The conceptual distinction examined in particular is that between what is given, whether in texts or in nature, and what is inferred or interpreted by the reader or observer. Children's acquisition of this distinction is decisive, it is argued, to the development of a literate mode of thought.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Goody:1986:WRR, author = "Jack Goody", title = "Writing, Religion, and Revolt in {Bahia}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "318--343", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The impact of writing on culture is discussed, especially the psychological consequences of literacy as a ``technology of the intellect.'' The role played by writing is described (a) in a slave revolt in nineteenth-century Brazil and, (b) in a preliterate African culture (the LoDigaa) and its religious myths. Writing was a crucial factor in the planning of the revolt and writing tends to turn a religion of inheritance into a religion of conversation. But in view of the diversity of functions it served in these cultures, literacy, as an all-encompassing descriptive term, is unsatisfactory. We need to devote attention to the uses of text within a culture.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{diNorcia:1986:SBF, author = "Vincent di Norcia", title = "Of Stone, Books, and Freedom", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "344--354", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Harold Innis' original social theory has often been charged with ``technological determinism.'' If this means that Innis ascribed social structure and historical developments to ``technology'', the charge is false. By studying two widely separated examples we can see that Innis had a sophisticated ecological understanding of the many forces at work in social dynamics, of which technologies were but one set. The impact of stone and its competition with papyrus in ancient Egypt was, Innis showed, not totally deterministic. There were significant attempts to play one medium off against another and the related institution of politics off against religion. Millennia later, in modern Europe, Gutenberg's invention of the mechanical printing press led to the book's ultimately successful competition with the traditional medium, parchment manuscript, and to the decline of the Church. Here too freedom flourished in the social interstices, as the essay shows.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Marvin:1986:IMM, author = "Carolyn Marvin", title = "{Innis}, {McLuhan}, and {Marx}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "355--359", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "To help sort the useful theoretical similarities and distinctions between Innis, McLuhan, and Marx, this brief comment considers some unresolved problems in how Innis conceptualizes the logic of historical process and the impact of media on social organization. The comment argues that certain fundamental notions in Innis' work, including his categories of spatial and temporal bias, inaccurately analyze key features of the historical interaction of media with social organization, and in particular shortchange the flexibility and persistence of oral-gestural modes of communication.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "360--361", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:BIVc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back issues of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} still in print", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "362--362", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:NPM, author = "Anonymous", title = "Notes on Preparation of a Manuscript for {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "3", pages = "363--363", month = "Summer", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 14:59:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N3_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special Issue: The Origins and Functions of Literacy. Guest Editors: David Olson and Derrick de Kerckove.", } @Article{Wrolstad:1986:ABd, author = "Merald E. Wrolstad", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "366--366", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "367--367", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kerr:1986:ITT, author = "Stephen T. Kerr", title = "Instructional Text: The Transition from Page to Screen", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "368--392", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Textual materials increasingly are being presented in electronic form. This change creates problems for both creators and users of these materials. These problems arise because the physical form of electronic materials is quite different from that of printed materials. The problems lie primarily in two areas: design of the surface, and design of the interface. Surface design involves typography, layout, graphics and illustrations, and the quality of language; also important to consider are users' subjective reactions to these elements. Interface design is closely tied to the ``wayfinding problem'' --- helping users navigate through the text. The wayfinding problem manifests itself on three different levels: the immediate structure of the text (how information is provided at the page level), the internal structure (how such information is provided within a given document), and the external structure (navigational aids that allow the users to move from one document to another). Three directions for further research are identified: realistic studies of how users represent to themselves the structure of text; and how users might best be introduced to environments incorporating electronic text.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Clement:1986:ISC, author = "Richard W. Clement", title = "{Italian Sixteenth-Century Italian} Writing Books and the Scribal Reality of {Verona}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "393--412", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The sixteenth-century copybooks of the Italian writing masters have long been considered to be reflections of the contemporary scribal condition. The impression one gains from reading the works of Arrighi, Taglienti, Palatino, and Cresci, among others, is that cancellaresca was the dominant notarial script of the first half of the century, that cancellaresca formata, developed by Palatino at mid-century, supplanted it, and that Cresci's cancellaresca corsiva reigned supreme at the end. In fact, if we consider the manuscript evidence, specifically the Rosenthal Collection of North Italian Documents at the University of Chicago, we find a very different reality. In sixteenth-century Verona, at least, cancellaresca was a rather uncommon script. Cancellaresca formata indeed appears soon after Palatino's popularization of the script, but it never became popular in Verona. Cresci's claim to have been the inventor of cancellaresca corsiva is undetermined by the script's appearance prior to the publication of his Essemplara (1560). The most common scripts used throughout the century were the italic and the mercantilist. For the common scribes of sixteenth-century Verona, the writing books seem to have had little influence.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Weber:1986:VSS, author = "Rose-Marie Weber", title = "Variations in Spelling and the Special Case of Colloquial Contractions", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "413--426", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Colloquial contractions --- spelling variants such as kinda, hafta, and ya --- are widely used to represent informal speech. They are examined here against a background of other sorts of variation in our writing system. Variation in spelling that is independent of variation in speech includes abbreviations, regional spellings, the adaptation of loanwords, brand names, and eye dialect. Variation ties to speech includes forms marked for region, social identity, and colloquial style. Colloquial contractions are described here with respect to their morphological identity, their characteristic spelling patterns, and their significance in print.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{DeJulio:1986:PDM, author = "Maryanne {De Julio}", title = "Proximit{\'e} du Murmure: {Dupin} and {Ubac} Collaboratel", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "427--436", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "The emblematic rapport between verbal text and visual image is examined. To the extent that the contemporary French poet and art critic Jacques Dupin and the Belgian born artist Raoul Ubac both present a kind of landscape whose difficult terrain simultaneously implies and retracts human presence, I propose a study of Proximit{\'e} du murmure that employs the notion of landscape as a strategy enabling us to read the artist's images and the poet's words in a collaborative enterprise devoted to the tradition of the book: literary artifact and physical object. In particular, I emphasize what I perceive to be the figurative and material properties of written language as highlighted in a collaborative work of this kind.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ormrod:1986:DBG, author = "Jeanne Ellis Ormrod", title = "Differences between Good and Poor Spellers in Reading Style and Short-Term Memory", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "437--447", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "Three experiments were conducted to test Frith's (1980) hypothesis that good spellers read by full cues while poor spellers read by partial cues; a fourth experiment was conducted to investigate short-term memory differences between the two groups. Subjects for all four experiments were ten pairs of 9th- and 10th-grade students matched fro sex and intelligence but differing in spelling ability. Good spellers were found to be faster readers than poor spellers (Experiment 1), contrary to Frith's prediction that poor spellers should read faster. Good spellers were found to be more accurate in identifying matches and mismatches in similarly spelled pairs of nonsense words (Experiment 2) and in spelling nonsense words they had just seen (Experiment 3). Experiments 2 and 3 both lend support to Frith's hypothesis regarding different reading styles in good and poor spellers; however, an alternative explanation, that of differences in short-term memory, must also be considered. Experiment 4 involves the comparison of good and poor spellers in short-term visual memory for digits, consonant-vowel strings, and consonants, under both simultaneous and sequential presentation methods. Good spellers were found to have better short-term memory for all three content types and both presentation methods.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moriarty:1986:LLS, author = "Sandra E. Moriarty", title = "Line Lengths and Starch Scores", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "448--455", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", abstract = "There is a wide range of confusing and often contradictory recommendations for the length of typeset lines. This study investigates the lengths of lines used in advertising body copy. It compared length in terms of character counts and pica widths on the basis of adjusted Starch ``read most'' scores. The study hypothesized a normal curve with lower scores for the shorter and longer lines and scores above the mean for the lines in the middle of the distribution. The study found support for lower scores for short lines. It also found some evidence of two optimum line lengths rather than one. There is still confusion about the reading ease of the longer lines.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "456--457", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XX}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "458--459", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1986:BIVd, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back issues of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} still in print", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XX", number = "4", pages = "460--460", month = "Autumn", year = "1986", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V20N4_1986_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Briem:1987:VTM, author = "Gunnlaugur S. E. Briem and Richard L. Venezky and Wim Crouwel and Michael Twyman and Robert Norton and John Mountford and Colin Banks and Krzysztof Lenk and Dominic W. Massaro and Fernand Baudin and Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "A Visible Tribute to {Merald Wrolstad}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "3--15", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Hodgson:1987:F, author = "Richard Hodgson and Ralph Sarkonak", title = "Foreword", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "16--17", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Hodgson:1987:GCL, author = "Richard Hodgson and Ralph Sarkonak", title = "Graphic Collisions: Languages in Contact", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "18--41", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "The problems of bilingualism and of languages in contact are ones which are best studied in an interdisciplinary context. Languages ``collide'' in many different ways and for many different reasons. The ``collision'' or contacts (and the resulting conflicts) can take place for historical, political, social, cultural, and economic reasons, or simply because the source language has become fashionable. They can take place within the boundaries of a single country, often a former colony of the ``mother'' country, or between such geographically distant countries as the United States and Japan. Just as the contexts of language content can vary, so can the types of contact, whether it be interference, integration, or code-switching.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Crawford:1987:BT, author = "Alistair Crawford", title = "Bilingual Typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "42--65", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "Drawn from the results of recent investigations into both the history or typography of printed Welsh and bilingual typography in English and Welsh, this article discusses both the history and the current state of typography. It argues, on the basis of the questions raised by the typography of Welsh --- a minority language with no typographic history --- that if we are to regard typography as a subject and a discipline, as distinct from a form of applied decoration or self-expression, we need to begin to consider typography as essentially language-based. The solution to the problem of designing for multilingual texts rests in the need to produce individual language-based typographic systems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Schogt:1987:FLD, author = "Henry Schogt", title = "Foreign Loanwords in {Dutch}: Integration and Adaptation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "66--87", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "Foreign elements in Dutch are usually spelled in the same way as in the language of origin, provided that language uses the Roman alphabet. Some adaptation to Dutch pronunciation rules always takes place, the degree mainly depending on the level of instruction of the Dutch speaker and on the gap between Dutch and the source language. The three main source languages --- German, French, and English --- have their own social and/or political connotations and each creates specific problems when Dutch syntactic rules and Dutch inflections have to be applied. Of the other source languages, classical Latin and Greek stand apart, as no effort is made to pronounce the numerous loanwords they provide in a way that comes close to the original pronunciation. As for other languages, their contribution to Dutch is less significant. For some languages there exists transliteration systems, e.g., Russian, for others oral approximation and adaptation are the rule, e.g., Hebrew and Yiddish.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Saint-Jacques:1987:RAJ, author = "Bernard Saint-Jacques", title = "The {Roman} Alphabet in the {Japanese} Writing System", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "88--105", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See also later study \cite{Backhaus:2007:AAP}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "In the seventh century, the Japanese language adopted the Chinese script. It represents one of the most striking cases of languages in contact. In the last five years, Japanese has entered a new phase of languages in contact, this time not through the borrowing of Chinese characters, but through the increasing use of the Roman alphabet in the Japanese writing system. Some have called this new phase the beginning of a ``second Chinese invasion.'' This novel use of Roman letters is particularly evident in the field of advertising. Japanese is now unique because it uses the three existing types of writing systems in the world: alphabetical, syllabic, and ideographic. This paper examines the use of the Roman alphabet in advertising and various areas of Japanese life. It also considers the possible consequences of this new addition to the Japanese script for the Japanese language and culture. A Japanese scholar has even stated that in present-day Japan, a Japanese totally ignorant of the Roman alphabet would be seriously inconvenienced.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Wrenn:1987:OMG, author = "Phyllis Wrenn", title = "Ortho and Morpho-graphic Transcoding of {Acadian `Franglais'}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "106--129", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "The occurrence of English forms in Franco-Acadian discourse acts is a fact of life. Insofar as such occurrences are a matter of choice, they reflect, not linguistic poverty, but the performative bilingualism of the speaker. The visual effect of the insertion of English forms into written Franco-Acadian discourse is determined by the way in which they are formally incorporated into the discourse --- syntactic, morphological and orthographic adaptation. The aesthetic effect of this visual bilingualism is determined additionally by the ways in which the English forms are used. A descriptive analysis of data from a published collection of letters-to-the-editor (1895-98) is the basis for a classification of spelling tricks used to make an English word look or ``sound'' French, the combinatory tricks used to make a word seem French, and the adaptation of English forms to delimit the ``speaker'' roles. Further evidence from modern written monologues and dialogues is provided. When the discourse act in question has an aesthetic function, the writer's treatment of Anglicisms becomes a tool in his creative bag of tricks, and a factor in the coherence of the text.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Flores:1987:CLW, author = "Lauro Flores", title = "Converging Languages in a World of Conflicts: Code-switching in {Chicano} Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "130--152", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "The contact and interaction of English and Spanish, of Mexican and Anglo-American cultures, lies at the heart of the Chicano experience in the United States. Accordingly, code-switching has been a salient feature of many Chicano literary works. The simultaneous incorporation of both languages into poetry and other artistic forms is sometimes interpreted as an expression of the ambiguity permeating the historical evolution of this people. However, it can also be explained as part of the Chicanos' attempt to achieve cultural definition and autonomy in a conflicting reality.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:Aa, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "153--154", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:SFR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Suggestions for Further Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "155--156", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1987:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "157--157", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:GIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "158--158", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:BIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Back Issues", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "1", pages = "159--159", month = "Winter", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N1_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Monaghan:1987:I, author = "E. Jennifer Monaghan", title = "Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "2", pages = "161--165", month = "Spring", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Monaghan:1987:RWC, author = "E. Jennifer Monaghan", title = "Readers Writing: The Curriculum of the Writing Schools of {Eighteenth Century Boston}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "2", pages = "167--213", month = "Spring", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "Housed at the Houghton Library, Harvard University, is a collection of 188 single-page manuscripts penned between 1748 and 1782 by 117 boys at Boston's three eighteenth-century writing schools. Because of reduplication, there are only 106 different texts on the 188 manuscripts. This collection formed the basis for a reconstruction of the form and content of the writing school curriculum. The source for two-thirds of the pieces longer than a single sentence was George Bickham's Universal Penman (1743). At a time when writing was equated with penmanship, school progress was measured in terms of mastering successive scripts, beginning with the round hand. The 106 different texts copied by the boys, when analyzed for their content, were found to portray the secularism, rationalism, optimism, and materialism of the eighteenth century.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hodges:1987:ASI, author = "Richard E. Hodges", title = "{American} Spelling Instruction: Retrospect and Prospect", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "2", pages = "215--234", month = "Spring", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spell.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "Spelling as a school subject provides a valuable mechanism for examining the history of curriculum making in the United States. The subject of spelling has had a secure place in the common school curriculum from colonial times to the present because of the importance attributed to correct spelling by the larger society. Once linked directly with reading instruction, the teaching of spelling emerged over time as a subject taught largely independent of other language instruction, with its form of presentation shaped by prevailing views of curriculum makers concerning the nature of English spelling and learning to spell, and subsequently also by the application of scientific method in curriculum development. Recent insights into the acquisition of spelling proficiency reveal, however, the inextricable relationship that spelling has in the development of written language ability in general and which, in turn, pose significant implications for the spelling curriculum.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{vonBrachtDonsky:1987:WP, author = "Barbara {von Bracht Donsky}", title = "Writing as Praxis 1900--1959", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "2", pages = "237--251", month = "Spring", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "This study of elementary school textbooks published between 1900 and 1959 investigates trends in writing instruction. In order to determine whether quantitative changes in the frequency and types of assignments had occurred over this timespan, the sixty-year interval was divided into three roughly equal periods: period A included textbooks published between 1900 and 1917; period B, 1918 and 1935; and period C, 1936 and 1959. All textbooks tasks were allocated into one of twelve categories such as grammar, letter writing, or narrative and expository writing. Generally speaking, the results of trend analysis indicate an increased emphasis on oral language tasks throughout the period, with a concomitant decrease in the amount of time spent on writing tasks. Moreover, it is clear that current enthusiasm for the idea of writing-as-process has antecedents in earlier textbooks on American writing instruction. Teachers have long understood the demands and nature of the writing process, but have yet to commit themselves to the implications, namely, that the one indispensable prerequisite for good writing is increasing amounts of time spent of the task.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Campbell:1987:FGW, author = "Anne Campbell", title = "Fourth Grade Writing Achievement and Instruction, 1974--1984: {NAEP}'s Report Card", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "2", pages = "253--268", month = "Spring", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "The National Assessment of Educational Progress reports its trend results for the writing achievement of 9-year-old students from 1974--1984. The results are based on writing exercises which were administered using identical administration procedures in at least two of three assessments. The nationally representative sample of responses was scored using two methods, primary trait scoring (task accomplishment) and holistic scoring (fluency). Three types of tasks were given to the students, persuasive, imaginative, and informative. Performance on the persuasive task was somewhat less successful in 1984 than in 1979. Nine-year-olds showed steady improvement from 1974 to 1984 in their ability to write in response to an imaginative task. Improvement on the informative task was very slight. The results for various subgroups reveal that Hispanics made the greatest improvement.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mavrogenes:1987:YCT, author = "Nancy A. Mavrogenes", title = "Young Children Then and Now: Recent Research on Emergent Literacy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "2", pages = "271--297", month = "Spring", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "This study traces the development of composition in the elementary school from the nineteenth century to the present. Evolving slowly from an emphasis on copying and correctness, writing by young children is seen today as a crucial component of emerging literacy. Researchers are observing preschoolers and kindergartners as they write, interviewing them and their parents, and giving them special tasks and tests in order to find out what they know about print and how they should be instructed in composition. The focus is on process rather than product and from ``inside out'' rather than ``outside in.'' The recent research is reviewed as to what young children know about reading and writing, how their writing develops, how they learn, and how to develop their writing capacities. The recommendation is to allow young children to write freely and to emphasize meaning, not mechanics. The advantages of young children composing are summarized, and the schools' traditional neglect of composition at the preschool and primary levels is examined. Finally, suggestions are made for improving the situation and encouraging the writing skills of young children as they emerge into literate users of their language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:Ab, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "2", pages = "298--299", month = "Spring", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1987:AB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "2", pages = "300--300", month = "Spring", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 15:51:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: a Visible Tribute to Merald Wrolstad, 1923--1987.", } %%% Warning: v21 v3--4 has an unusual layout, with one set of articles %%% printed in portrait mode on odd-numbered pages from start to end, %%% and a second set in landscape mode on even-numbered pages from %%% end to start. What was the designer thinking? Why didn't they %%% print the second set in right-to-left lines, for good measure! @Article{Anonymous:1987:GIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "308--308", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 16:35:42 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:DN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Design Notes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "309--309", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 16:35:42 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "This issue of \booktitle{Visible Language} has a dual function, on one side, consecutive right-reading pages form a critical analyses of the Avant-Garde text --- while on the other side, consecutive left-reading pages running in the opposite direction (back to front) form the catalogue for a traveling exhibition of selections from the Kleinschmidt collection of Dada paperworks. Rather than separate the journal from the catalogue, we present a more direct contrast of two different means of appreciating these objects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:C, author = "Anonymous", title = "Colophon", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "310--310", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 16:35:42 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Allen:1987:P, author = "Roy F. Allen and Stephen C. Foster and Estera Milman", title = "Preface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "311--311", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 16:35:42 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:Ac, author = "Anonymous", title = "Abstracts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "312--312", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 16:35:42 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Foster:1987:PT, author = "Stephen C. Foster", title = "The Prerequisite Text", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "313--333", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay maintains that the importance of the avant-garde text, as a prerequisite of the avant-garde, rests in the fact that it is the text itself that most bears and transmits patterns of culture. Both a visible record of its emergence from culture and the basis upon which culture could be visibly recomposed, the text was a recognition and reflection of culture. As a ``configuration'' of institutions, ideas, and events, the avant-garde text drew attention to the nature of culture, per se. This act was more important than advocating any specific historical expression of culture. Thus freed, for the most part, from party-specific politics, reigning ideologies, and the limitations of their expressions in conventional texts, the avant-garde text could intercept and critique normative culture, propose alternatives to it, and project future visions of it on an operational rather than historical basis. Although questionable as an instrument of practical politics, the impact of the avant-garde text on humanistic social perspectives and concepts of culture has been considerable.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Milman:1987:TMA, author = "Estera Milman", title = "The Text and the Myth of the Avant-Garde", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "335--363", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay defends the assumption that the avant-garde text most importantly served to perpetuate the avant-garde's own mythic basis in culture. This author, in analyzing a sample of little magazines, identifies the paradigms consulted by the artists and through which they felt they could, based on these paradigm's cultural pervasiveness, most effectively secure a viable social standing and reception as art. Rarely involved in contributing to substantial aspects of the cultural perspectives they appropriated (politics, science, etc.), they were nevertheless of heuristic value to the avant-garde which translated them into expanded and challenging artistic spaces. Arguing that they were intentionally offered primarily to arts and humanities audiences, the paper maintains that traditional interpretations of them as efficacious crossovers between the arts and other dimensions of culture confuses the myth they mean to perpetuate in text. Their purposes should, consequently, be reexamined.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Benson:1987:TCA, author = "Timothy O. Benson", title = "The Text and the Coming of Age of the Avant-Garde in {Germany}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "365--411", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay traces the revolution in the avant-garde text from the initial absolutist intentions of the expressionists to the strategic use of the text by the dadaists. Centering on the shortlived balance between the text as the aesthetic activity and its employment in broader cultural criticism, the discussion most concerns itself with Berlin dada. The author argues that the altered appearance of the text reflects changes in the avant-garde's perception of itself and, in particular, its role within the context of culture in general. With the disillusion of rationalism and teleology, artists rejected the concept of contexts shared with its audience, ideas of a casual historical motion, and with them, the whole notion of progressive social change. Opposed to art's conventional social setting, the expressionists sought their absolutes --- the totality of experience --- in art, an idealism that was perpetuated, at least in part, in Zurich dada's appropriation and aestheticization of the text in their attempts to define an avant-garde, as opposed to establishment, art setting. In contrast, Berlin dada turned to promotional and strategic uses of the text in their attempts to infiltrate the wider culture. Admitting a variety of influences from other, non-aesthetic, areas of culture (the press, entertainment, advertising, etc.), their approach became more materialist and their texts more objectified. Their texts reflected their historical context and social positioning and, as a result, the texts operated on a level as concrete as did their counterparts in other dimensions of culture. Their reconstruction betrayed their sources in both fragmentation and contradiction. Although wearing a public face, they continued to be evaluated in terms of their successes or failures, as the subjects of aesthetic criteria. Losing power with the stabilization of the Weimar Republic to even symbolize social subversion or significant alternatives the avant-garde text finally took its place as part of the new structure of modernism that it was instrumental in creating.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Guenther:1987:BD, author = "Peter Guenther", title = "{Berlin} Dada", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "413--451", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "Through a careful examination of existing Berlin dada performance documents, the present essay attempts to refocus attention from the text itself to how the text was presented. Frequently meant to be read aloud, the performatory nature of these texts provided a power and impact impossible to achieve by the text designed for reading. Direct verbal assaults intended to confront live audiences, the public's reaction was understandably hostile and negative. A radical revolt against the entire period, committed to change in society through a change in man, the mode of these text performances do, nevertheless, throw doubt on the common assertion that Berlin dada was heavily political. Although insisting in their aggression and audibility on being heard, their unqualified ``no'' to German culture is rarely followed by a plan for constructive action. The text, centered in events, seeks neither political reform nor advocacy of a coherent dada platform, but ``\ldots an image which was capable of driving one not necessarily into the arms of the dadaists, but into solitude where one could find at least one human being: himself. And nothing else.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rumold:1987:DTP, author = "Rainer Rumold", title = "The {Dadaist} Text: Politics, Aesthetics, and Alternative Cultures?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "453--489", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "The question addressed in the following essay both affirms the mission of the avant-garde text and acknowledges its historical fate; the consignment of this vital movement to the archives and museums, staunch symbols of the very social structure that it sought to criticize and replace. The answer is to be sought in the nature of art and its inevitable structured integration into society. Contrary to this anti-art myth, dada did not destroy art's aura but rather sought art's resurrection. Although it flourished as a counterculture, it did so within the confines of art's traditional social place. Operating within, rather than against, the institution of art, dada sought to expose art's ideological mechanisms and open the text to social context. In maintaining art's autonomy, dada preserved the distance required of significant criticism but limited itself to change through reflection rather than through revolution. Zurich dada sought, by destroying ruling text, to compete for social influence, the movement's radical alternatives and its successes as a counterculture were felt most keenly in the community of art. Ultimately creating an alternative elitist audience, Zurich dada remained squarely situated within the structure of establishment culture. Aware of the text's role in the mediation of reality, dada was committed to unmasking culture's ``big slogans,'' to rupturing the closure and isolation of the text in favor or its integration with life, and to defamiliarzing the audience from culture in ways that would generate primary meanings. Although enriching existing modes of cultural communication, the text remained aesthetic and reached only the aristocratic reader. Aware of this, the dadaists turned to the liberation of themselves from their own enslavement. Forced to adopt new strategies a self-critical Berlin dada attempted to change the cultural context into which the text was placed; to revolutionize the institution of art through political events. Reducing art in the interest of effectiveness, the text was employed as a weapon. Engaged in what this author identifies as ``revolutionary pragmatics,'' Berlin dada achieved, at least momentarily, the convergence of political art and political life. Brought sharply into tension with establishment culture, it nevertheless remained with the institution of art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "Abstracts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "491--495", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 16:35:42 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XXI}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "497--501", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 16:35:42 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Three articles run backwards on even-numbered pages through %%% this isuse: @Article{Allen:1987:TAG, author = "Roy Allen", title = "The Tradition of the Avant-Garde", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "494--??", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "For some, the essence of the avant-garde is found less in its analysis than in a sympathetic reading. This paper seeks an attitudinal common denominator that informs and identifies all authentic avant-garde art and literature. That common denominator is the embrace of change. Breaking with outmoded means for copying with a new and changing environment leads to breaks with established traditions (for example, rationalism) and to an exploration of alternative approaches. Rejection of conventions leads the avant-gardist to a course of self-determination explained here through discussion of a number of twentieth century movements and individuals. Among alternatives could be counted the discovery of the subconscious and political engagement. Yet any single possible approach is less important to identifying the avant-garde than it is a symbol of its openness to and inclusiveness at all possible approaches. The fluidity and limitlessness of the avant-garde define its freedom. Although a tradition, the avant-garde maintains as its center the imperative of change.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Greenberg:1987:BTA, author = "Allen Greenberg", title = "Between Text and Audience: a Path to the Future", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "454--??", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N3_1987_E.pdf", abstract = "This author is most interested in identifying the problematics inherent in the communication by an artist, through a text, to the audience(s). In creating a bridge to the public, ideally one which avoids the intervention of the critic or other agents of culture, the artist or author is providing a vision of possibilities for the future and attempting to induce actions taken on behalf of their realization. Having said this, however, leaves open the question of how and whether this path to communication is based on problems inherent to the process. These are aspects of communication that frustrate the ideal correspondence between the artist's intended purposes and the audience's reception; factors such as the conflict decisions required of a challenging text (the security at the old as opposed to the risk and uncertainty at the new) and the particular convergence or non-convergence of the respective social contexts of the artists, text, and audience. Each context requires a different organization of perception that may facilitate or limit the usefulness of the text as a catalyst. The avant-garde seeks to transcend audience expectations (the context of their perception), to challenge old concepts, and open up the communication situation which would permit the new. Their texts seeks to translate their vision into action and to engage the audience as active participants. Their impact on subsequent actions, measurable only after the text, may disclose that ideal communication may require the audience's prior understanding of the context of the artist and his or her text. For this author, however, the avant-garde may ultimately be better clarified through the nature of quest than through its successes and failures.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1987:CC, author = "Anonymous", title = "Catalogue Checklist", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXI", number = "3--4", pages = "416--??", month = "Summer\slash Autumn", year = "1987", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 16:35:42 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V21N2_1987_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1988:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "4--4", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 17:24:25 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Campbell:1988:IGE, author = "Ruth Campbell", title = "Introduction by {Guest Editor}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "5--7", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 17:24:25 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Massaro:1988:VLS, author = "Dominic W. Massaro and Michael M. Cohen and Laura A. Thompson", title = "Visible Language in Speech Perception: Lipreading and Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "8--31", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Watching a speaker in face-to-face communication can influence what the perceiver hears the speaker saying. Faced with this influence of visible language on the perception of audible language, an interesting question is whether language would also influence audible speech perception. To test this possibility, subjects identified spoken syllables either while viewing the speaker's face or while reading a written syllable. In both conditions, subjects identified what they heard the speaker saying. Replicating previous studies, lipreading had a large influence on the identification. In contrast, reading a written syllable had a much smaller, but statistically significant effect. A fuzzy logical model of perception accounted for both the lipreading and reading contributions to speech perception. A model assuming that the reading contribution was due to a post-perceptual bias gave a poor description of the results. Although lipreading appears to be much more influential than reading, it remains a possibility that written language can contribute to our auditory experience of speech.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Campbell:1988:TLM, author = "Ruth Campbell", title = "Tracing Lip Movements: Making Speech Visible", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "32--57", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Lipreading cannot deliver the phonetic structure of a spoken language very effectively; for no phenomena can be unambiguously identified from lip-pattern alone. Nevertheless, under some circumstances, speech that is not heard, but just seen by lip movements on a speaker's face, can be understood and recalled verbatim. Moreover, under some conditions, heard speech that is different from that which is seen to be spoken, seems to `fuse' to produce a different speech percept (The McGurk Effect). These paradoxical aspects of lipreading and the constraints on the conditions under which lipreading can be helpful or can `fuse' with heard speech are hard to accommodate within some theories of auditory speech perception. An interactive activation account is offered in which lipreading is considered to provide a phonetic feature --- that of seen mouth opening and closing --- to the speech analysis system. While such a feature appears to be necessary to account for these effects, it is not yet clear whether such a single seen phonetic feature may be sufficient for effective integration of seen and heard speech in all circumstances.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Dodd:1988:CME, author = "Barbara Dodd and Michael Oerlemans and Ray Robinson", title = "Cross-Model Effects in Repetition Priming: a Comparison of Lipread Graphic and Heard Stimuli", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "58--77", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "A series of experiments investigated the processing of lipread information, as compared to that of heard and read stimuli, using the repetition priming paradigm. Experiment 1 showed that lipread priming facilitated the semantic categorization of lipread words to the same extent as that found for auditory prime, auditory test, and graphic prime, graphic test conditions. Experiments 2, 3 and 4 measured the effects of cross-modal priming. Lipreading primes by both auditory and graphic processing, and is primed by both. While auditory priming did not speed the processing of graphic stimuli, graphic priming facilitated the semantic categorization of heard words. A tenative explanation of the findings is offered: lipreading provides incomplete information about words, and thus there is a need to access stored linguistic knowledge to `fill in' missing features, allowing identification of the stimulus.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Vinter:1988:PFM, author = "Annie Vinter", title = "Perception of Facial Movements in Early Infancy: Some Reflections in Relation to Speech Perception", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "78--111", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Some aspects of the literature dedicated to the study of perception of facial features and movements by infants are examined. More particularly, we try to analyze the kind of visual information infants can process at different ages, and how this may be linked to their developing speech perception. Empirical data related to imitation of facial movements, to prespeech activity, to lip-reading ability and auditory-visual integration are reviewed. These data show that the ability of young infants to encode face features and process facial information undergoes a complex development in the first year of life. In the final part of this paper, we discuss briefly the relationships between face perception processes and visual speech perception within a developmental and cognitive framework. A central concern in this discussion is related to the ``segmentation'' problem, i.e., to the nature of the unit of perception used when speech is processed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Storey:1988:RSD, author = "Darryl Storey and Martin Roberts", title = "Reading the Speech of Digital Lips: Motives and Method for Audio-Visual Speech Synthesis", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "112--127", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "The widespread practice of lipreading among the hearing impaired has, for a number of years, stimulated research into the feasibility of transmitting visible images of articulation to accompany acoustically conveyed speech, in those circumstances where visual reinforcement of the speech signal is typically lacking. Although there already exists several systems which, exploiting computer graphics, are capable of generating animated images of articulation while allowing for eventual audio/visual synchrony, each is open to criticism on the grounds of its perceptual inadequacy and/or cost. This paper offers a brief review of these initiatives to date and describes the recent development of a relatively simple, effective, and hence economical method of audio/visual speech synthesis.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Graves:1988:STS, author = "Roger E. Graves and Susan M. Potter", title = "Speaking with Two Sides of the Mouth", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "128--137", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Differences while speaking from the two sides of the mouth are both visible and audible. Careful observation has shown that the right side of the mouth typically opens wider and moves more during speech. This visible asymmetry reveals the underlying physiology in which expression of speech is controlled primarily by the left side of the brain. Since the left side of the brain has better control of the right side mouth muscles, an asymmetry favoring the activity of the muscles of the right side results during articulation of speech sounds. In contrast, more equal activity from the left side of the mouth can be seen during emotional expression, prosodic expression, and signing which reveals a greater role of the right side of the brain during these latter types of expression. There are also audible manifestations of the physiological asymmetries. In a new study, subjects were required to speak from only one side of the mouth. Better quality of articulation was audible from the right side for most subjects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1988:VLA, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} Advisors, Research Interests, and Upcoming Issues", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "1", pages = "138--144", month = "Winter", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 17:24:25 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N1_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "New and returning Advisory Board members are introduced along with their research interests and their relationship to the Journal. Board members suggested areas of investigation for the future, many of which relate to the problems and opportunities of new technology", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V22N23_1988_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents %%% of this combined issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Kintgen:1988:LL, author = "Eugene R. Kintgen", title = "Literacy Literacy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "149--168", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N23_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "The term literacy has recently been extended into a number of different fields, the best known probably being `computer literacy.' A consideration of the different historical senses of the term suggests why it was chosen for generalization, and detailed discussion of three cases --- scientific literacy, visual literacy, and cultural literacy --- indicates the semantic aspects of the term that are most important in the process of extension. In all three cases, despite the authors' attempts to use literacy in what I call its descriptive sense, as an indication of the ability to read and write, the evaluative sense of the term --- the mastery of a body of (often traditional) knowledge --- is the operative one.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bradford:1988:SWP, author = "Richard Bradford", title = "Speech and Writing in Poetry and Its Criticism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "169--194", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N23_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper examines some of the ways in which literary criticism simultaneously exploits and marginalizes the poem as printed artifact. It argues that the author-centered, phonocentric premise of close reading is employed to neutralize the spatial dynamics of poetic language and reduce the material identity of the text to the status of a transparent medium. This relationship between criticism and poetry is maintained from the Eighteenth Century to the Twentieth. The paper examines the tension between the aural and the visual in modernist theory and practice and contends that the appreciation of silent visual form has become one of the conventions of post modernist writing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lange:1988:VVT, author = "Martha Scotford Lange", title = "Verbal and Visual Translation of {Mayakovsky}'s and {Lissitsky}'s For Reading Out Loud", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "195--222", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N23_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Full understanding of visual poetry created by a linguistically different culture poses particular problems. Translations of selected poems from Vladimir Mayakovsky's For Reading Out Loud (1923) are presented here. In addition, an attempt is made at transposing the visual wordplays found in the original Cyrillic typography into the Roman alphabet. The English reader is able to enjoy the verbal/visual dexterity of El Lissitsky's typographic presentations of Mayakovsky's poems. Analysis of the design process and some historical background provides a context for fuller understanding of Lissitsky's innovative work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bojko:1988:RLC, author = "Szymon Bojko and Krzysztof Lenk", title = "For Reading Out Loud in Context", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "223--231", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N23_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Visible Language asked Szymon Bojko and Krzysztof Lenk to respond to Martha Lange's typographic translation of For Reading Out Loud. Lange and her students concentrated on the formal characteristics of the poems with regard to verbal and visual translation. While the mythic dimensions of Mayakovsky and Lissitzky do not encourage a critical look at their work, Bojko and Lenk share two requisite characteristics that make them credible respondents: they are design educators and Eastern Europeans with more immediate knowledge of the history and character of events to which For Reading Out Loud refers. Bojko and Lenk put the poems into a needed social and historical context by performing a content analysis and discussing the revolutionary nature of the poetic and typographic communication and the circumstances surrounding publication.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Vande:1988:MRM, author = "William J. Vande and Allen Shoemaker", title = "Metadiscourse and the Recall of Modality Markers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "232--272", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N23_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Many studies of discourse and discourse processes assume that informative texts convey only propositional or referential meanings. This paper identifies and classifies several kinds of metadiscourse, which convey not propositional but textual or interpersonal meanings. In beginning to explore how the kinds of metadiscourse that convey interpersonal meanings affect readers, an immediate recall test on two informative paragraphs with some modality markers added to them was run. In the light of these results, some possible roles of modality markers in discourse processes are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Garofalo:1988:TCA, author = "Karen M. Garofalo", title = "Typographic Cues As an Aid to Learning from Textbooks", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "273--297", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See response \cite{Hartley:1989:STC} and reply \cite{Garofalo:1989:GRJ}..", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N23_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Writers, editors, designers, and teachers all play important roles in developing students' abilities to comprehend, learn, and retain information. From primary grades through college, students are faced with increasing amounts of information in text books. As the information increases in quantity and complexity, the organization of the information plays a more important role in the student's ability to find and comprehend the important concepts. This investigation proposes a method to identify important categories of information within a particular subject area and rank these categories by importance creating a hierarchy of information. From this, a hierarchy of typographic cues is developed and matched to the hierarchy. The degree of typographic emphasis indicates position in the hierarchy. Tests show that typographic cues assigned to each rank aid the learning process, providing the number of cues is less than three. Understanding these principles and their potential applications will aid publishers and designers of textbooks to more effectively organize information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cavalier:1988:MVT, author = "Todd Cavalier", title = "Meditation: Visual Transition as a Bridge Between Form and Meaning", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "298--329", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N23_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "Transition is the process of changing from one state, form, activity, or place to another. It affects objects, events and phenomena, and is affected by them as well. As Hericlitus noted when he said ``No man shall step in the same river twice,'' transition is described by the inexorable flow of space and time. It is the river as a continuum in which all things exist in perpetual change. Individual objects, events, and phenomena act as temporal intervals in its current. As a function of visual communication, the transition from one interval to another is a process of bonding one form to another, one identity to another in a deliberate composition. The transition from one element to another facilitates the identification of individual form and function. As such, transition is a bridge that connects separate elements in the formation of a system. It is the process of bridging separate forms and functions. It is a linking process that identifies a particular system and, when occurring sequentially, can function to give meaning to what we see.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baudin:1988:BRG, author = "Fernand Baudin", title = "Book Review: {Gy{\"o}rgy Haiman, \booktitle{Nicholas Kis: a Hungarian Punch-Cutter and Printer 1650--1702}, The Greenwood Press, 1983. 452 pages, 8 color plates, 173 figures}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "330--337", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Sep 29 06:15:25 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", old-journal-url = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", } @Article{Gray:1988:BRW, author = "Nicolette Gray", title = "Book Review: {Wolf Von Eckhardt, \booktitle{Please write. How to improve your hand-writing for business and pleasure in ten quick and easy lessons}, Anthenum, New York, 1988}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "2--3", pages = "338--340", month = "Spring\slash Summer", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Sep 29 06:15:25 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", old-journal-url = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", } @Article{Saper:1988:ITM, author = "Craig Saper", title = "Instant Theory: Making Thinking Popular", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "371--398", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 17:44:22 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ulmer:1988:HTH, author = "Gregory L. Ulmer", title = "Handbook For a Theory Hobby: The Hobby-Horse is the Sawhorse of Theory", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "399--422", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "``Handbook for a Theory Hobby'' is a montage of borrowed images and quotations and it functions as an amateur's instruction manual for fun with theory. The manual plays through decaying models of thought beginning with a visual explanation of leaf rubbings. In this sense, it gives am impression of metaphors for thinking and memory. The manual is also a reading of Deleuze's and Guattari's chapter on rhizomatic thinking in A Thousand Plateaus. From that angle, the reader is asked to consider alternatives to alphabetic or book-centered thinking. The manual illustrates a potential botanical image which might replace the tree metaphor of dialectical thinking. By combining found fragments, this deceptively simple text explores how our culture represents thinking, memory, and learning.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ray:1988:AVT, author = "Robert B. Ray", title = "The {ABC} of Visual Theory", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "423--448", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "``The ABC of Visible Theory,'' an encyclopedic essay describing the interrelations between typography, language, and thought, connects the ``paraphernalia of the text'' with every cultural association which can be brought to bear on these practices. The essay uses historical, fictional, scientific, and other discourses to discuss electricity, font types, strategies, saints, books, journals, paintings, and article titles, language systems, ontology, names, technology, utopia, psychic states, newspapers, games, clich{\'e}s, fictional animals, typescripts, rules, emotions, institutions, sociological categories, associations usually lay dormant in typographic effects and if we followed each and every association mentioned in this ABC, we would have to contend with the reservoir of our entire culture. By offering only one or two entries for each letter of the alphabet Visible Theory remains potential. The lay-out and design of this piece encourages comparison between entries and dissolves the apparent opposition between visual images and thinking. Just as each topic suggests a reservoir of cultural history, the over-all design and the lay-out of each individual entry connects to webs of associations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sparling:1988:DP, author = "Bonnie Sparling", title = "Decoder Process", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "449--454", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Laiwan:1988:IS, author = "{Laiwan}", title = "The Imperialism of Syntax", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "455--458", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "This intervention presents an alternative to the Western image of syntax; the two facing pages of Chinese characters literally mirror each other. They force the reader to notice the visual structure of language's lay-out. The usual invisibility of syntactical arrangement makes the dominant mode into a fixed, given, or ``natural'' progression of words on a page. The author demonstrates the beauty and power of alternatives and she literally reflects (thinks) on her Eastern arrangement: in the alternative merely backward or inverted? does the Eastern syntax function merely in relation to the dominant model? is the Eastern syntax a reversal of the dominant model? This is an intervention that offers a thinking-image of resistance.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ronell:1988:CA, author = "Avital Ronell", title = "Condensed Article", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "459--482", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "The ``Condensed Article'' explores the telephone's promise of immediate access to distant voices through the technological preservation and condensation of speech. The author calls up what spooks or haunts the structure of telephonics. By unraveling these encrypted connections the essay demonstrates and explains the relay/delay interference signal between confusion and certainty. In that sense, the essay connects telephonics to Bell. The story of Alexander Graham Bell from his early childhood to his invention of the telephone holds many clues to the repressed desires in the telephonic structure. But, rather than a biography, the author writes a ``biophony,'' somewhere between empiricity and speculation. This speculation operates a party line between Heidegger's ``What is Called Thinking,'' Abraham's and Torok's psychoanalysis of crypts, Jacques Derrida's desedimentation of ``the death sentence'' structure, and many other stations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ragland-Sullivan:1988:WR, author = "Ellie Ragland-Sullivan", title = "A Writing of the Real", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "483--495", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", abstract = "``The Writing of the Real'' uses Jacques Lacan's psychoanalytic theory to explore the ``failure in representation, a hole in the middle of perception.'' The author thinks through the problems this hole presents: gaps, fadings, flickerings, and discontinuities in images and words. This hole or objet a cuts us to the quick, cuts certainties and consistencies, and points to a lack and loss in our knowledge, perceptions, and being. This objet a reminds us that wholeness in images, languages, or beings exists only in an Imaginary ordering of the world, and that any explanation of our system of thinking or visual design must include lack as a part of that system. Desire enters the field when we look at what we cannot bear to look at. But, this emergence of desire through the breaks in our epistemological ground loosens rigidities and opens up inventive attempts to re-present the object a as a writing of the Real.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1988:Ad, author = "Anonymous", title = "The Authors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "486--496", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 17:44:22 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1988:VXI, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Volume XXII} Index", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "498--500", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 17:44:22 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1988:ABd, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "501--501", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 17:44:22 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1988:JI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXII", number = "4", pages = "502--503", month = "Autumn", year = "1988", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 17:44:22 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V22N4_1988_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V23N1_1989_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents %%% of this issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Bradford:1989:VPE, author = "Richard Bradford", title = "The Visual Poem in the {Eighteenth Century}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N1_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "``Visual Poetry'' is a technique that we normally associate with seventeenth-century pattern verse and with the typographical format of modern free verse and concrete poetry. This essay is an examination of the ways in which eighteenth-century critics treated the visual format of traditional verse as a determinant in the readers' appreciation of form and meaning. Critics such as John Rice, John Walker and Joshua Steele reprinted sequences of verse in accordance with their ideals of oral delivery, and others such as Thomas Barnes and Peter Walkden Fogg, regarded the silent printed text as productive of effects which could be appreciated only via the interpretive faculty of the eye. The final section explores correspondences between the eighteenth-century work and modern criticism, and goes on to argue that twentieth-century appreciations of the visual format of verse are limited by their concentration upon the more extravagant typographic experiments of free verse.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{York:1989:MAU, author = "R. A. York", title = "Mallarm{\'e} and Apollinaire: The Unpunctured Text", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N1_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "It is common for modern French verse to be printed without punctuation. This raises the question of whether the rhythms of speech, as denoted by the line endings of verse, correspond redundantly to the syntactic and semantic patterns of the ideas expressed, as normally denoted by other punctuation. It is argued that in the verse writings of St{\'e}phane Mallarm{\'e}, the suppression of normal punctuation, resulting in irresoluble ambiguities or in obscurities resolved only later in the text, obliges the reader to be especially conscious of his usual expectation of syntactic and semantic guidance and so requires him to concentrate to an exceptional degree on the tension between the physical activity of speech and the related ideational activity. In the work of Guillaume Apollinaire, on the contrary, the effect of omitting punctuation is to ensure that the reader can recognize simultaneously the varied sense perceptions related by the poet and to emphasize the immediately perceptible energetic rhythm of speech.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Webster:1989:WFO, author = "Michael Webster", title = "Words-in-Freedom and the Oral Tradition", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N1_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite the fact that his early poetry was grounded in the oral rhetoric of nineteenth-century declamation, F. T. Marinetti invented a new form of visual poetry he called ``words-in-freedom.'' This article explores ways in which oral and print characteristics meshed or clashed in the new form. The new style can be seen at least partially as visual notations for oral performance and as an attempt to unite the interior, isolated spaces of print with the exterior, social event of oral performance. This attempt failed because of coding difficulties occasioned by Marinetti's ideology of presence. A reading of Marinetti's poster-poem ``Apr{\`e}s la Marne, Joffre visita le front en auto'' confirms this view.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Berry:1989:VFF, author = "Eleanor Berry", title = "Visual Form in Free Verse", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N1_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "Visual form performs numerous significant and diverse functions in modern free verse poetry. The theoretical pronouncements of such poets as Robet Creeley, Charles Olson, William Carlos Williams and Louis Zukofsky recognize only its function of scoring for performance and often belittle its significance. In representative works of these poets, however, we find lineation, line-grouping, spatial arrangement and particular graphological details operating both globally and locally to make meaning and to compose text. Even though opsis has been, since Aristotle, an acknowledged element of literary art, not only practitioners, but with certain exceptions, literary critics and theorists have failed to assign it more than a subordinate, supportive role. Historical approaches that privilege sound because of the originally oral nature of poetry are of little help in explaining the use of visual form in modern free verse. A functional approach, entailing careful attention to how visual form affects our experience of printed poems, can contribute toward developing ``a theory of graphic prosody'' such as John Hollander has called for. Functional analysis of visual form in representative free verse poems and passages yields a dozen distinct functions --- rhetorical, mimetic and aesthetic functions that tend to support the illusion of the poem as unified and autonomous, and on the other hand, an equal number of functions that tend to be distintegrative and intertextual. Analysis of a passage from Pound's Cantos, using these functions as an analytical tool, shows that visual form helps realize this modern long poem's simultaneous drive toward coherence and impulse toward openness.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Markham:1989:WPR, author = "E. A. Markham", title = "Which Poem am I Reading?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N1_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite the traditional belief, endorsed by T. S. Eliot, that the printed poem should represent merely the equivalent of a musical score for its actualization in oral performance, the creative procedures of writing, performing and interpreting poetry are actually subtly interrelated. The voice, the persona of the poem, is encoded in its printed form; but in its release or realization in oral performance, it begins to resonate both with the intended idiom of its creator and with the conditioned, interpretive expectations of the audience. The poet-performer releases his poetry from the tyranny of the printed page. The author is a performing poet who illustrates his argument with examples from his own writing in which he seeks to recreate the voices of, among others, Paul St. Vincent, a young, black South Londoner; Sally Goodman, the white, English feminist; and Philpot the middle-aged, black cricket fan.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Waterman:1989:SAL, author = "Andrew Waterman", title = "Soundings Along the Lines", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N1_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "Technique and form are integral to a poem's expression of its particular vision. Rhythm, lineation and syntax --- sometimes played off against each other --- collaborate with meaning to guide the reader's inner hearing of, and response to, a poem. The author illustrates this interrelationship with references to his own poems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V23N23_1989_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents %%% of this combined issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Gandelman:1989:WII, author = "Claude Gandelman", title = "By Way of Introduction: Inscriptions as Subversion", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "This introductory paper defines the scope of the research concerning ``inscriptions in painting'' from a primarily semiotic point of view. Taking as its point of departure the antinomy between the written word and painting or drawing, it shows that in many cases (from medieval pictograms through the baroque painter Phillipe de Champaigne to modern new concreteness and Max Beckmann) inscriptions are used to subvert the pictoral content of works of art. Sometimes, inscriptions also subvert theological interdictions to taboos. Inscriptions can also be said to represent the ``performative'' aspect of the work of art in the literal meaning of this word; that is they are used to direct the gaze of the observer to specific spots within the painting and are part of a manipulative strategy of the painter.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Barasch:1989:SOP, author = "Moshe Barasch", title = "Some Oriental Pseudo-Inscriptions in Renaissance Art", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "Inscriptions are legible, prominent public displays intended for reading. Two major groups of pseudo-inscriptions are identified: disguised inscriptions, which, at first glance, do not convey a text but appear to be real things such as an embroidery of pearls, and proper psuedo-inscriptions, which may have clearly delineated individual letters that taken together, make so sense. A study of Renaissance pseudo-inscriptions could uncover little-known facets of the encounter between East and West. That Venice and the Netherlands were, respectively, centers of Arabic and Hebrew pseudo-inscriptions coincides with the scholarly publishing concerns which they were known for during the Renaissance.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Martin:1989:OWO, author = "Louis Martin", title = "The Order of Words and the Order of Things in Painting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "The term ``representation in this paper is taken in the sense that was given it by the grammarians and logicians of Port-Royal. The semiotic experiment attempted here explores the fluctuations of meaning produced by interferences between textual and figurative representation within one picture. Examples such as the portrait with its presentation of the subject and the topographical city plan with its representation of space by drawing and typographic naming of places provide the foundation for a more in-depth exploration of the Ex-voto of 1662, by Philippe de Champaigne. This painting is an exceptional illustration of the interference between image and text.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lussier:1989:CDD, author = "Mark Lussier", title = "The Contra-Diction of Design: {Blake}'s Illustrations to {Gray}'s ``{{\booktitle{Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat}}}''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "When Blake undertook the illustration of the 1790 edition of Thomas Gray's Poems for John Flaxman, he did so with characteristic exuberance, providing both illustration and interpretation. Gray represented a contradiction to Blake: while he was a poet of empire aligned with Blake's aesthetic enemy, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Gray also wrote the radical indictment of empire, ``The Bard.'' Blake's illustrations testify to this conflict; and in the ``Ode,'' Blake's designs offer an other language, a contra-diction, that deconstructs Gray's conscious --- and liberates his unconscious discourse. Blake's visual language champions desire's expression, specifically feminine desire, and resists the repression of that desire urged by Gray in his own controlled poetic diction. Blake's images define the visual field at the margin of discourse as the realm of the unconscious. Further, he demonstrates a number of concepts later argued by Jacques Lacan.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Roque:1989:MWI, author = "George Roque", title = "{Magritte}'s Words and Images", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "During Magritte's ``linguistic period,'' completed in Paris (1927--1930), the first inscriptions of words appear in his paintings. But this period should not be arbitrarily isolated from the rest of the painter's production and from the totality of his preoccupations. Magritte's experiments with words and images are preceded by other experiments with his surrealist friends in Brussels, notably the production of advertising brochures which demanded the association of the name of the product with the image of it. His first inscription of words in a painting, ``naked woman'' written on a tree trunk, seems to stem from a preoccupation of Magritte and of male surrealists: How to represent woman? This obsession gives a key to understanding the ``inscriptions'' series: because they fail to adequately represent women, Magritte treats both images and words as mere representations, subject to an equally radical splitting from the ``real'' thing they are supposed to represent.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hubert:1989:BFL, author = "Ren{\'e}e Riese Hubert", title = "The Books of Fernand L{\'e}ger: Illustration and Inscription", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "L{\'e}ger evolves from the early La fin du monde (where he imaginatively appropriates Cendrar's text) to his picture-poems in Les illuminations (where he merely selects passages from Rimbaud's text) to his own created text in Le Cirque, freely calligraphed and lithographed. He avoids the mimetic use of literary elements in order to subvert the conventions of the illustrated book and he subordinates meaning to a graphic interplay where word and image can, on occasion, become interchangeable. Already in La fin du monde, movement, especially of a circular nature, endows his book with a dynamics of its own. In Le Cirque, certain repetitive motifs develop mobility on a more structural level. L{\'e}ger has thus subverted the borderline between readable and nonreadable, lyric and painterly. The scene of representation, verbal and visual, has undergone so drastic a transformation that the poetic and painterly signatures of the artist have become indistinguishable.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Levinger:1989:JJP, author = "Esther Levinger", title = "{Jasper Johns}' Painted Words", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "The painted words in Jasper Johns' art act in two different capacities. First, by being concealed beneath opaque layers of encaustic or oil paint, they partake in the artist's interrogation of visual perception. Second, by being repeatedly set against images, the painted words, this time visible, question classical representation. The questioning of sight is directed against the modernist limitation of painting to pure opticality as well as against the privileged position of sight in Western culture. Words and Johns' means of critiquing modernism; and the different relationships that he establishes between signifiers and signified, either verbal or pictoral, and between signs and things contradict the system of representation, both substitutional and repetitional.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gandelman:1989:VAM, author = "Claude Gandelman", title = "On the Verbal Art of a Modern Painter: the Work of {Jules Kirschenbaum}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "Jules Kirschenbaum, a modern American artist whose work integrates inscriptions and figurative painting, studied in New York under masters belonging to the abstract expressionist and to the purely abstract school, yet he exhibited at the Whitney Museum with Cadmus and other protagonists of ``magic realism.'' Later, his work took a wholly different turn; it became an art about meaning and about the `meaning of meaning.' Kirschenbaum writes: ``One contemporary concept is `what you see is what you see.' In contrast to that, I am for an art in which what you see is only the beginning of an endless chain of illusions\ldots ''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ortquist:1989:MCR, author = "Leslie Ortquist", title = "{Magritte}'s Captivity in {Robbe-Grillet}'s {{\booktitle{La Belle Captive}}}: The Subjugation of the Image by the Word", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N23_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "Alain Robbe-Grillet's novel La Belle Captive, which employs seventy-seven paintings by the Belgian surrealist Ren{\'e} Magritte, is offered as a ``collaboration,'' a playful interchange between word and image. Robbe-Grillet, who used the paintings variously as generative material and companion or counter-text to his written text after Magritte's death, provides in La Belle Captive an occasion to explore the relationships between verbal and visual text. The novel may be understood to demonstrate a fundamental relationship of inequality between word and image, a relationship of violation rather than collaboration between equal partners.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1989:ABd, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "318--318", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Berger:1989:DTS, author = "Paul Eric Berger", title = "Documentation: Time, Space and the Blackboard", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "321--325", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moilanen:1989:EIH, author = "Carolyn Moilanen and Charles Lehman", title = "The Effects of Italic Handwriting on Legibility: The Methods and Findings of a Three-Year Study", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "327--352", month = oct, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "The Italic Handwriting Series emphasizes a continuous flow in handwriting development and instruction, and is designed to allow a more natural transition from print to cursive. Italic handwriting was first implemented in Portland Public Schools during the 1983-84 school year at grade K-4, with an additional grade-level implementation during successive years. A concurrent three-year evaluation study examined the effects of italic handwriting instruction upon students' handwriting legibility. During the first year, legibility ratings declined from fall to spring. During the second and third years, ratings typically increase from fall to spring, but when the ratings were examined across all three years of italic implementation, a pattern of overall decline emerged. Because many student papers were written in a non-italic cursive, the entire sample was separated into italic and non-italic categories. Even though italic papers received significantly higher ratings, legibility ratings declined over time. While teachers' impressions of the italic program are generally favorable, primary teachers typically respond more positively about italic than do intermediate-grade teachers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bear:1989:WBR, author = "Donald R. Bear", title = "Why Beginning Reading Must Be Word-By-Word: Disfluent Oral Reading and Orthographic Development", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "353--367", month = oct, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "The development of reading fluency is a gradual process which often entails strategies that make for a disfluent oral presentation. Disfluent oral reading, fingerpointing and reading aloud to oneself are the most characteristic behaviors of beginning readers. In this paper, research related to these reading behaviors and the corresponding spelling behaviors is presented. Based on an integrated theory of literacy proficiency, the synchrony between stages of reading and spelling development and the reasons why these stages are related are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Riedinger:1989:TTT, author = "Edward A. Riedinger", title = "The Tales Typography Tells", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "369--374", month = oct, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "The skillful control of typographical elements is so powerful that it can determine a reader's perception of the nature of a literary masterpiece. The impact of typography becomes especially apparent when the same work is printed by two fine press publishers with differing views of it. This article examines the manipulation of typographical elements by the Allen Press and by publisher John Henry Nash in their editions of John Dryden's All for Love --- and how this manipulation significantly changes one's perception of the focus and historical environments of this play.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kadalenos:1989:INR, author = "Emma Kadalenos", title = "Image and Narrativity: {Robbe-Grillet}'s {{\booktitle{La Belle Captive}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "375--392", month = oct, year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", abstract = "A novel by Alain Robbe-Grillet and Ren{\'e} Magritte, containing more than seventy-five of Magritte's paintings and a text by Robbe-Grillet, La Belle Captive (1975) illustrates the procedure Jacques Derrida describes in reading photographs: the story does not precede the telling. Magritte's paintings have no syntagmatic or diachronic element, no chronology. Paintings cut an event from the temporal continuum, removing it from any prior or sequential events which might imply causality. For Robbe-Grillet, to engender a narrative from paintings allows him to replace the ``generative idea of chronology that is continuous and leading to an end'' --- permitting him to create a narrative without prior referent.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Twyman:1989:BRH, author = "Michael Twyman", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Herman Zapf \& His Design Philosophy}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "393--400", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Singleton:1989:MA, author = "Barbara Cunliffe Singleton", title = "Margin Artist", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "401--405", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1989:STC, author = "James Hartley", title = "Spatial and Typographic Cues in Text: a Response to {Garofalo}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "407--411", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Garofalo:1988:TCA,Garofalo:1989:GRJ}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Garofalo:1989:GRJ, author = "Karen M. Garofalo", title = "{Garofalo} Responds to {James Hartley}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "411--411", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Garofalo:1988:TCA,Hartley:1989:STC}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nesbitt:1989:RC, author = "Alexander Nesbitt and Fernand Baudin and Adam Blatner", title = "Reader Comments", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "412--415", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{????} [Book review in Volume XXII, 2--3]", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1989:IVX, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume XXIII}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "416--418", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1989:GId, author = "Anonymous", title = "General Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "419--420", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1989:CPR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Call for Papers: {RIDT-91}: the second international workshop on raster imaging and digital typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIII", number = "4", pages = "420--420", month = "Autumn", year = "1989", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:05:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V23N4_1989_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1990:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:25:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Schmandt-Besserat:1990:EF, author = "Denise Schmandt-Besserat", title = "{Editor}'s Foreword", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "5--5", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:25:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reilly:1990:OM, author = "F. Kent {Reilly III} and Brian Stross", title = "An Overview of {Mesoamerica}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "6--11", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reilly:1990:CRF, author = "F. Kent {Reilly III}", title = "Cosmos and Rulership: The Function of {Olmec}-style Symbols in Formative Period {Mesoamerica}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "12--37", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "Iconographic investigations of works of art executed in the Olmec style have produced convincing evidence that rulership during the Early and Middle Formative Period of Mesoamerican prehistory was publicly legitimized by a visual charter. This charter consisted of symbols derived from the natural environment. These naturally derived symbols functioned within a symbol system which stressed the human ruler's access to supernatural power. The same symbol system also described the cosmic stage on which the rituals of rulership were enacted.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stross:1990:MWC, author = "Brian Stross", title = "{Mesoamerican} Writing at the Crossroads: The {Late Formative}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "38--61", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Zapf:1991:RC}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "A general overview of the form and substance of Late Formative writing in Mesoamerica is undertaken here. Recent significant additions to the corpus of Mesoamerican Late Formative script have contributed new information warranting a review of our knowledge of this pivotal time period. Focusing on two of these additions for more detailed observations, analysis of the iconographic context of the script reveals considerable interdependence between text and context and provides a glimpse of the importance of cosmological considerations in the display of power. Maize and stages of maize growth are shown to be of crucial importance to power display as well as to the system of divinatory day names integral to the 260-day ritual cycle. Isthmian script is seen as likely to represent a Mixe-Zoquean language, and a maize-bearing shark is identified on a recently discovered Late Formative stela from Veracruz.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fields:1990:DMH, author = "Virginia M. Fields", title = "Deciphering {Maya} Hieroglyphic Writing: The State of the Art", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "62--73", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "A brief description of the historical approaches to the decipherment of ancient Maya writing is presented in order to provide the background for a description of our current knowledge of the nature and structure of their system. Maya hieroglyphic writing is recognized as a true writing system in that it represents the sounds and structure of spoken language. The writing system is defined as a mixed logographic system containing both pictographic and phonetic elements. Maya hieroglyphic writing appears in the latter part of the Late Preclassic Period (ca. 150 B.C.--A.D. 100) and is primarily associated with documenting political history and legitimacy. Writing was used to record the events of a ruler's life, validating his right to the throne by documenting his parentage, his accession to power, his conquests, and his performance of important ritual and ceremonial acts. Calendrical information also comprises a major component of Classic Maya inscriptions. Historic events are documented by means of a complex system that both fixes events in time and ties them cyclically to the mythological past.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Troike:1990:PHP, author = "Nancy P. Troike", title = "Pre-{Hispanic} Pictoral Communication: The Codex System of the {Mixtec} of {Oaxaca, Mexico}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "74--87", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper summarizes the nature of the pre-Hispanic pictoral communication system used by the Mixtec people of Mexico, who were creating manuscripts in which they recorded their histories, genealogies and religious beliefs long before the Spanish reached the New World. The principal pictoral conventions are explained, and each is illustrated with an example from one of the surviving manuscripts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Justeson:1990:ETM, author = "John S. Justeson and Peter Mathews", title = "Evolutionary Trends in {Mesoamerican} Hieroglyphic Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "88--132", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper surveys the origin and development of the representational conventions of Mesoamerica writing systems. Writing probably grew out of the iconography of ceremonial cults, with which it shares many representational conventions; this iconography was used throughout Mesoamerica. Writing per se seems to have taken shape during or just before the period in which state-level political organization was emerging, in at least two separate regional traditions. Many of the representational features of these scripts are understandable in terms of the structures of the languages they represented and the patterns of development often resemble those of Old World systems. Other features are understandable in terms of the close relations that Mesoamerican writing maintained with iconography.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1990:WGR, author = "Anonymous", title = "The {William S. Gray Research Collection in Reading}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "133--133", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:25:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1990:NPM, author = "Anonymous", title = "Notes on the Preparation of Manuscripts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "134--135", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:25:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1990:USI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Upcoming Special Issues of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "1", pages = "136--136", month = "Winter", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 17 18:25:32 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N1_1990_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1990:AB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "134--134", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 06:59:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baker:1990:TYB, author = "Jan Baker", title = "[For a thousand years before the alphabet \ldots{}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "136--136", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 06:59:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Hand-written commentary on the cloudy origins of writing in Mesopotamia.", remark = "No author listed, but author credit is recorded at the bottom of page 227.", } @Article{Sassoon:1990:HHM, author = "Rosemary Sassoon", title = "Handwriting --- How Much Do We Know About It?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "137--143", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "For a thousand years before the alphabet, the scribal schools in Mesopotamia and Egypt had studied and taught their scripts, cuneiform and hieroglyphics, but no record of the original alphabet or any reference to it has been found among the hundreds of thousands of tablets from scribal archives. The silence in which the origin of the alphabet is shrouded invites comment but receives none. Among the ancient tablets of Sumer are numerous wordlists containing, for instance, the names of animals or of plants or of legal terms and many others. Some word lists are bilingual given the Sumerian words with their Akkadian or their Eblaite translations. Their classified lists of words were used as reference sources in early proto-science and as teaching material in the scribal schools. Scholarly exchange between Ebla and Mesopotamia has been established by more than a hundred word lists in Sumeria found at Ebla that are identical with word lists from cities in Mesopotamia.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sassoon:1990:WEI, author = "John Sassoon", title = "Who on Earth Invented the Alphabet?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "144--163", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "There is neither record of nor reference to the invention of the alphabet in any known source. That in itself may say something about the invention --- that it probably did not take place in the scribal community. The alphabet grew out of the syllabaries which precede it, of which the most widespread were cuneiform and hieroglyphics. It probably emerged from the commercial communities of the ancient Near East but owed its consonatal principle to the Egyptians. A Canaanite in north Syria around 1800 B.c. is the most likely inventor, and the city of Ebla is taken as a hypothesis. The early Mesopotamian scribal tradition of which Ebla was part is outlined.\par Opinions about how the alphabet was invented are considered, concluding that it was probably a single ``giant leap,'' and by one man. The inventor's necessary background, creation of letter shapes, the writing medium and direction of script are reviewed. For the tricky problem of initial acceptance and diffusion, for which these is no evidence, a possibility is postulated. At the end, the whole process is encapsulated in a brief story.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sedeyn:1990:QDH, author = "Marie-Jeanne Sedeyn", title = "Questioned Documents: The Human Trace as a Body Flow", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "164--175", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "Although handwriting has long been recognized as something entirely individual, it has not yet been the subject of true scientific and objective examination. This article tries to promote an interest in the scientific observation of handwriting. A methodical and complete description of each written document would allow researchers to solve identification problems, investigate group characteristics and bring forth new information in a number of different fields.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Twyman:1990:PTN, author = "Michael Twyman and Susan Walker", title = "Preliminary Thoughts on Nomenclature for Teachers of Handwriting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "176--193", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper draws attention to the need for a useful nomenclature for handwriting and suggests sets of terms for use by those concerned with the teaching of handwriting and research into it. Reference is made to papers on nomenclature in the related field of printing types and to the recommendations of a study group of the Working Party on Typographic Teaching in Britain. Terms are proposed for categories of letters, the main parts of letters, descriptions of orientation, variant forms of letters, the real or notional lines associated with handwriting and ways of referring to heights. These terms are intended specifically for use by teachers and other specialists in handwriting. (It is accepted that good teachers will develop their own terms when working with young children.) The recommended terms are set out in a series of tables along with terms commonly used by different groups of specialists: teachers, writers of handwriting books, those who write about paleography and letterforms, and specialists in printing and computing. The terms used by teachers were gleaned from a small, uncontrolled survey. This revealed a reluctance or inability of many teachers to describe parts of letterforms and features associated with them and considerable variation in the use of terms. This survey suggested that a larger-scale project of a similar kind should be undertaken.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Patkin:1990:AH, author = "Michael Patkin", title = "Anatomy of the Hand", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "194--197", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "Precise reference to the elements of the hand and its movement is important to medical science. This brief, diagrammatic article orients the layperson to the most common terms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sassoon:1990:WC, author = "Rosemary Sassoon", title = "Writer's Cramp", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "198--213", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "An interim report of work with writer's cramp patients suggests that a wider view of this condition id needed. The article proposes that there are aspects inherent in the act of writing, as well as in taught strategies, that might influence the attitudes to, and treatment of, this particular movement disorder. Simple practical measures aimed at alleviating the symptoms are described. They benefit patients and, at the same time, provide some possible answers to issues that have baffled those who have previously looked at writer's cramp from a medical perspective alone.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ericsson:1990:GSD, author = "Kjerstin Ericsson", title = "Graphic Skills as a Diagnostic Tool For Working with the Elderly", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "214--226", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "Graphic skills may reveal a dementia process in progress. The observations are based upon about 1,500 aged subjects (> 75), half of them with cognitive deficiency and the other without, residing in central Stockholm. The intention of this study was to develop a simple, non-verbal screening method for subjects with social and/or cognitive disorders. Graphic competence was compared with cognitive capacity. Geometric copying, handwriting and freehand figure-drawing capacities were shown to drop in a prescribed order with decreasing cognitive functioning. Copying a three-dimensional cube was the most sensitive to cognitive derangements, and signature writing the least sensitive. These two tasks represent the extremes of a scale which also included performance on other copying tasks including handwriting ability and freehand figurative drawing. As a whole, the proposed graphic test technique seems less sensitive to cultural and educational factors, including verbal factors, than ordinary measurement of mental functioning.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baker:1990:VN, author = "Jan Baker", title = "Visual Notations", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "227--227", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1990:C, author = "Anonymous", title = "Colophon", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "2", pages = "228--228", month = "Spring", year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 06:59:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N2_1990_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V24N34_1990_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents %%% of this combined issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Kapr:1990:CBP, author = "Albert Kapr", title = "Concerning the Beginning of Printing in 15th Century Strassburg", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N34_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "On the occasion of the 550th year celebration of the invention of printing, the author has tried to find new arguments concerning time and place. Gutenberg could not have made his invention in Mainz in 1440, as is widely maintained, because he lived demonstrably in Strassburg from 1434 to 1444. Here, in 1439 there was a large lawsuit in whose records is noted that Gutenberg, as the head of a group, had worked on ``aventur und kunst.'' This term was quite likely the cover-up designation for the first printing. Additional historic evidence and political relationships lead to the conviction that the first printing took place around 1440, that, however, the master brought the invention to perfection in the 42-line bible that he printed after his return to his birthplace, Mainz.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zapf:1990:CAD, author = "Hermann Zapf", title = "Is Creativity in Alphabet Design Still Wanted?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N34_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "Current computer technology and professional attitudes about design in general and typeface design in particular are examined with reference to design ethics, visual sensibility and the marketplace. Zapf answers the question posed in the title and recommends the organization of a practical reference tool, a central international type-face registry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bonsiepe:1990:IDG, author = "Gui Bonsiepe", title = "Interface Design $ \bullet $ Graphics $ \bullet $ Language: Interpretations of Human User Interface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N34_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "Several interpretations of human user interface are reviewed and a proposal is developed for understanding the new category of tools in the form of computer programs. The advantages of a graphical user interface is compared to that of a character based interface. The contribution of the designer to the articulation of the retinal space in which these tools appear is outlined. The theoretical part is accompanied by a detailed case history of the design of an electronic mail application. The relationship between an interface science and an interface design is commented on but the proper domain of interface design is distinct from both science and art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nemeth:1990:WDB, author = "Christopher Nemeth", title = "World Design: Broadening the Bandwidth Communication in the 90's", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N34_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "Progress is increasingly defined as success in organizing, sharing, understanding and using information. Design-related project teams typically develop and pass complex information among many team members. Current communications media limit the amount and speed of information transfer. Increasingly sophisticated computing communications systems offer the potential to bridge long distances and cultural differences. The design professions can take a cue from Cable News Network (CNN), which shows that live electronic communications do help bridge cultures. By communicating in a broader bandwidth, live images convey information in a richer, more compelling fashion than simple audio or printed media. Design-related work can benefit from live computing/telecommunications media, by building stronger relationships among participants and improving the quality, depth, speed and facility with which information is shared. This paper discusses an image-intensive design communications network, its prospective benefits and possible pitfalls.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Burnett:1990:CVS, author = "Kathleen Burnett", title = "Communication with Visual Sound: {Herbert Bayer} and the Design of Type", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N34_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "The pervasiveness of Herbert Bayer's influence on every aspect of modern commercial book design and production has been significantly underestimated. Bayer's contributions to type design, layout, book production methodology and technology have been until recently largely overlooked despite the extent to which his vision and example have influenced the design of contemporary textbooks, atlases and exhibition catalogs. Bayer's influence extends beyond these specialized formats. It is in the area of type design that Bayer's contribution has been most unfairly dismissed. Among the progenitors of functionalism in type design, Bayer was the first to design a type specifically for photo offset reproduction. His designs for universal and Bayer-type served as models for such commonly used modern fonts as Univers and Bauhaus. He was an advocate of clear, systematic thought tempered by pragmatism, whose principles of type design were twofold: (1) type as visual language, and (2) the relationship of type to technology. He proposed that type should represent language in a clear and readable manner, with full attention to the characteristics of the reproductive medium. It is in the attempt to formulate a theoretics of type design, rather than in the design of any one type face, that Bayer's importance lies. While many of his more practically oriented colleagues considered his desire to reconcile linguistic, technical and aesthetic concerns eccentric, contemporary designers grappling with the problematics of digital typography and computer screen design will find his work provocative.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stiff:1990:BWU, author = "Paul Stiff", title = "From the Bookshelves: What the User Tells the Designer", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "XXIV", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1990", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V24N34_1990_E.pdf", abstract = "Graphic designers' need for feedback is typically answered by other designers. They tend not to engage in the kinds of empirical evaluation which might yield feedback about readers' performance. Graphic designers also need generous and informative models of readers and their various objectives. In the absence of such feedback and models, designers may set themselves goals which neglect readers' needs. This article reports informal observation of one reader's interaction with a series of texts --- information displayed on the spines of a serial publication. The reader's interaction, which led to remedial intervention by that reader to correct a design fault, offers both strong unsolicited feedback about performance and an informal model of one kind of reading objective.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Volume 25 number appears to be the first use of color printing %%% in the journal, and is the first to use arabic numerals for the %%% volume number. @Article{Poggenpohl:1991:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 07:30:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Benson:1991:LER, author = "Philippa Jane Benson", title = "Leading-edge Research or Lost Cause: The Search for Interscriptual {Stroop} Effects", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "4--17", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper reviews studies done during the last decade in one small area of cross-language research, that of cross-orthographic Stroop interference tests. Although these studies may at first seem distant to discussions of basic literacy skills, the insights they provide may be critical to furthering our understanding of human acquisition and use of written language. The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, by critiquing one of the first cross-orthographic Stroop studies in the context of related studies, this paper describes how cross-orthographic Stroop studies have been used to explore cognitive mechanisms involved in reading and the possibility that those mechanisms might be constrained by the orthography of a language. Second, this paper reviews some conceptual and methodical flaws in the research, flaws that underscore the difficulty in empirically verifying hypotheses about how humans might make meaning from and with written language. As debates intensify about the role of empirical studies in research on written language, it becomes increasingly important that researchers relying on empirical methods increase their efforts to weed their experimental designs of potential rival hypotheses. This weeding is particularly difficult in cross-language studies because investigators are often hampered by a lack of sufficient knowledge about the languages they are using as experimental materials. Despite their faults, however, the studies reviewed here, along with others, provide evidence that readers of different orthographies may invoke different cognitive processes at the base of their reading strategies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brown:1991:LAP, author = "R. A. Brown", title = "Literary Assessments in Polyscriptal Societies: {Chinese} Character Literacy in {Korea} and {Japan}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "18--39", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Literacy studies within both ``autonomous'' and ``ideological'' traditions, to use Street's (1984) terminology, have tended to focus on Western alphabet using societies and assume that literacy, however defined, is an all or nothing matter. Societies in which varieties and degrees of literacy are possible (indeed ordinary) have hitherto largely been ignored. Japan and South Korea are such cases, with separate but functionally interrelated writing systems, used for communicatively disparate purposes, differential mastery of which, consequently, has social and economic repercussions. In these and perhaps similar cases, literacy is, rather than discrete and unitary, always multiplicitous and variable. Different ``literacies'' entail different social and, some would argue (Unger, 1984 and 1987) cognitive consequences.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bear:1991:CFO, author = "Donald R. Bear", title = "Copying Fluency and Orthographic Development", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "40--53", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "This exploratory study examined the relationship between stages of orthographic development (Henderson, 1990) and writing fluency. It was hypothesized that subjects in the beginning stages of orthographic development would copy less fluently than subjects at more advanced levels of orthographic development and reading achievement. Forty-one first- through third-graders copied separately four nonsense illegal letter strings. A standardized reading achievement test and a 20-word developmental spelling inventory were administered. Based on the results of the spelling inventory, subjects were placed in one of two stages of developmental word knowledge. The beginning readers and spellers approached the orthography in a linear fashion, and tended to copy in smaller unit, often copying letter-by-letter. Children with a more sophisticated knowledge of words copied in larger units, and often at the whole word level. The results support the hypothesis that the graphemic output lexicon of beginning readers and writers is not sufficiently detailed to allow a fluent output.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cruttenden:1991:IC, author = "Alan Cruttenden", title = "Intonation and the Comma", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "54--73", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "A special issue of Visible Language (Winter 1978, 12:1) was devoted to the interface between reading and listening. It is significant that, among the six articles in that issue, there is no mention of punctuation or of intonation. These two topics are among the least-studied aspect of visual and auditory language. This article represents an effort to explore one aspect of the relationship between intonation and punctuation. The historical developments of marks of punctuation is outlined, and uses and prescriptions for the comma from the sixteenth century onwards are described. Prescriptive recommendations for the comma in the twentieth century are examined in detail and compared with what is known about the division of connected speech into intonation-groups. It is suggested that, where syntactic prescription and intonational usage conflict, a return to more elocutionary punctuation would in many cases aid intelligibility.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bever:1991:SPT, author = "Thomas G. Bever and Steven Jandreau and Rebecca Burwell and Ron Kaplan and Annie Zaenen", title = "Spacing Printed Text to Isolate Major Phrases Improves Readability", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "74--87", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Three-liguistically motivated algorithms for assigning between-word space sizes were compared for their impact on text readability: a computer-implemented heuristic analysis assigned extra spaces between word groups corresponding to major phrases; a phrase-structure analysis assigned each space a size proportional to the depth of the phrase structure at that point; a prosodic analysis assigned space sizes proportional to the between-word pauses indicated if the sentences were spoken; finally, an even-spacing algorithm, assigned a constant amount of space between each word on a line. The readability of the formats were contrasted using the Cook-Chapman find-the-odd-word test in a paragraph version. The readability results showed the following significant ordering of increasing difficulty: heuristic --- > phrase-structure=prosodic=even-spaced. The reason that spacing based on the heuristic parser results in better comprehension than based on the complete phrase structure may be that good readers guide their eye movements by a similarly crude initial parse of texts. These results suggest that the readability of text can be improved with the aid of a rudimentary automatic parser.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Polkinhorn:1991:BFI, author = "Harry Polkinhorn", title = "Bastard in the Family: The Impact of Cubo-Futurist Book Art on Structural Linguistics", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "88--109", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "The impact of Russian avant-garde, especially the cubo-futurist artists' books of Kruchenykh, Klebnikov and David Burlink (with illustrations by Goncharova, Kulbin, Malevich and others) played a significant role in determining the shape of early structural linguistics. This happened primarily through Roman Jakobson's association with these artists at a time in his life when he was formulating a series of revisions to the linguistic concepts of Ferdinand de Saussure and the neogrammarians before him. Jakobson's artist colleagues began working in interdisciplinary art forms (the artist's book), as he was attempting to articulate a theory that would encompass the irrational in discourse focused on the relationship between sounds, and between sound and meaning, thus trying to retain a role for reason.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1991:ANa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Author Notes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "110--110", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 07:30:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1991:NPM, author = "Anonymous", title = "Notes on the Preparation of Manuscripts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "1", pages = "111--112", month = "Winter", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 07:30:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N1_1991_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V25N23_1991_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents %%% of this combined issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Hubert:1991:IAB, author = "Ren{\'e}e Riese Hubert", title = "Introduction to the Artists' Books", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "In this issue where critics, book artists, archivists and poets participate in defining the problematics of the modern artist's book, production and reading emerge as the key issues. Contemporary artists have modified traditional practices to such an extent that their readers are hard pressed to give a suitable definition of an illustrated book. By undergoing spatial displacements, text and image exchange or relinquish their respective identities. Many barriers have been crossed and many oppositions have disappeared, notably between handcrafted and industrial artifacts, between theoretical and creative productions, between unity and multiplicity of media. Text and image alternate, combine or wage war on one another. Their various alliances and rivalries give rise to a variety of questions discussed in this issue. Do text and image upstage or enhance each other? Does the shape of the book translate or subvert its message or meaning? Is the binding more than mere decoration and can its absence be revealing? In view of many radical changes, the artist's book assumes multiple functions: aesthetic, political, cultural and social. Frequently it provides a form of protest against either institutionalism or elitism even though it can cater only to an elite. The act of reading becomes complex, the reader, curator or librarian can no longer perform routine tasks, but must participate on another level in the creation or production of the book.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Polkinhorn:1991:BAB, author = "Harry Polkinhorn", title = "From Book to Anti-Book", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Because they are mixed modes (words and images), ``artists' books'' have lacked an adequate theory relating them to other forms of cultural production. In order to understand these unique objects, one must divide them into two subgroupings: de luxe editions (usually limited, numbered, signed and sold to dealers and collectors), and ``anti-books,'' those which question the physical and conceptual foundations of the book, seriality, identity and the art marketing system. Mexican examples are presented because they highlight the explicitly political and social substratum from which the avant-garde emerges.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lydon:1991:BTH, author = "Mary Lydon", title = "The Book as the {Trojan Horse} of Art: {Walter Hamady}, the {Perishable Press Limited} and {Gabberjabbs 1--6}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Walter Hamady's combination of iconoclasm/craft, art/daily life, and sophistication grounded in physiology and earthiness set his work apart. ``The Book as the Trojan Horse of Art'' explores these themes while the article itself mirrors, in its form, Hamady's attitude toward the book as a reflective vehicle in its ability to break and intersect narrative lines, play with syntax, integrate found materials, and convey enigma, paradox and information all at once.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Perloff:1991:ITA, author = "Marjorie Perloff", title = "``{Inner} Tension\slash In Attention'': {Steve McCaffery}'s Book Art", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Steve McCaffery's poetic career had its inception in the northern England of the late sixties; his biggest influence was the concrete poetry/concrete art of Ian Hamilton Finlay. Emigrating to Canada in the early seventies, McCaffery worked both on sound-text poetry and on artists' books, producing a series of remarkable illustrated books --- Ow' Waif, Dr. Sadhu's Muffins, Intimate Distortions, Knowledge Never Knew --- which combine word and image and, more important, treat the book as a composite whole, spacing, typography, arrangement, white space, letter size, etc. all working together to create a field of play. He is therefore all but impossible to anthologize and his work belongs more properly with artist's books than with conventional poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Deguy:1991:DDD, author = "Michel Deguy", title = "{Deguy\slash Dorny Dorny\slash Deguy}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Deguy/Dorny Dorny/Deguy is a reflection on poetic stimulation of collaboration in the realm of space and materiality of words.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hoyem:1991:WTC, author = "Andrew Hoyem", title = "Working Together: Collaboration in the Book Arts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Different styles of book art collaboration are explored through fifteen vignettes of the author's work with various contemporary artists including Robert Motherwell, Jasper Johns, John Baldessari and Jim Dine as well as the architect Robert Graves and photographers Michael Kenna and Lou Stoumen. These vignettes are anchored by an introductory description of collaboration at the Arion Press and the fact that the author was a given in each creative, interpersonal encounter.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zelevansky:1991:CMM, author = "Paul Zelevansky", title = "The Computer Made Me Do It: Computers and Books", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay compares the form, function and experiences of reading and writing books with the utilization and creation of narratives on the computer. Topics include: hand-eye coordination, gestures and rituals which characterize computer use; the speed, accessibility and flexibility of computer tools; rules and assumptions which inform the relationship between human and machine; the structural, technical and psychological functions of the interface; the experience of navigation within an electronic narrative structure; the computer user as audience, reader and creator; signs and symbol, the intersections of visual and verbal language; the manipulation of icons, formats, metaphors and scenarios which support computer environments and simulations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Drucker:1991:TMP, author = "Johanna Drucker", title = "Typographic Manipulation of the Poetic Text in the Early Twentieth-Century Avant-Garde", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Experiments with typography proliferated in the early decades of the twentieth century in the works of poets and artists involved with the various movements of the early avant-garde. For artists of the Dada, Italian and Russian Futurist, and Vorticist movements, these manipulations were an integral part of their aesthetic and political concerns. The source which inspired these works and the central issues which motivated these visual pyrotechnics varied considerably from poet to poet. This article traces the relations among aesthetic principles, linguistic meaning, political strategies and visual representation in the typographic work of F. T. Marinetti, Guillaume Apollinaire, Tristan Tzara, Wyndham Lewis and Ilia Zdanevich in the Period of 1909 to 1923.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anzalone:1991:CTO, author = "John Anzalone and Ruth Copans", title = "Covering the Text: the Object of Bookbinding", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Binders have long contributed an important material dimension to any consideration of the polysemy of the book-as-object, and the heritage of the livre de peintre, or artist's book, has left its mark on the bookbinder's awareness of interpretive strategies for approaching the text. This article examines the practices of five contemporary French bookbinders whose diversity of creative styles only masks fundamental common preoccupations: the creation of decors that are harmonious and not competitive with the text, and the need to ally aesthetic pleasure in the finished decor with a structural integrity that preserves the book as an object of reading, not an object for viewing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Haskell:1991:RMB, author = "Eric T. Haskell", title = "Reading the Multimedia Book: the Case of Les Fleurs du Mal", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Contemporary book illustrators have often experimented with mixed media. Roger Bezombes' collage illustrations for Baudelaire's Fleurs du Mal (Strasbourg: Less Bibliophiles de l'Est, 1985) exemplifies this experimentation at its best. The artist's appropriation and juxtaposition of often disparate images from ancient to present day iconography shows the diversity of the text's potential and points to the universality of Baudelaire's poetic gesture. In his articulation of a new architecture for the book, Bezombes provides a robust visual plane whose intersections with the verbal register foster novel conjugations for reader/viewer reception and frame them within unprecedented paradigms of image-text inquiry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Prinz:1991:NBN, author = "Jessica Prinz", title = "The ``Non-Book'': New Dimensions in the Contemporary Artist's Book", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Some contemporary books blur the distinction between book and sculpture, presenting three-dimensional objects that toy both with the shape of the book and its definition. Three exemplary ``non-books'' are examined in this study in order to show how the dimensions of the book have been expanded. As it blurs disciplinary boundaries, the contemporary ``non-book'' questions its own status as a ``book,'' thereby enriching and enlarging our definition of what a book might be.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sayre:1991:IAB, author = "Henry M. Sayre", title = "Ida Applebroog and the Book as a Performance", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "This piece has been conceived by its author as a reading --- or, more precisely, as a performance --- of a small book by the contemporary painter Ida Applebroog, self-published in the late seventies and entitled Life Is Good: a Performance. As an artist, Applebroog has continuously sought to reveal what might be called the ``underside'' of everyday life. She ``reads'' the commonplace as an arena of deceit. She reveals in her reading what convention allows us to forget. In that spirit, this piece is a reading of the conventions of reading, with Applebroog serving as a guide.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Saillard:1991:BEM, author = "Martine Saillard", title = "A Book Exhibit at the Mus{\'e}e Pompidou", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "In her poetic introduction to the exhibit of her books, which she also curated for the Mus{\'e}e Pompidou, the author goes beneath the surface of the genre of artist's book --- beyond the materials and the aesthetics into their meanings replete with uncertainty and enigma. Four projects from this exhibit are presented; each demonstrates a divergent approach and intention.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shipe:1991:LAB, author = "Timothy Shipe", title = "The Librarian and the Artist's Book: Notes on the Subversive Art of Cataloging", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N23_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "As an avant-garde medium, the artist's book challenges the expectations of the reader/viewer and violates the conventional distinctions between literature and the visual arts. Those expectations and conventions are institutionalized in the popular notion of the library as a repository for books and of the librarian's role as custodian of that repository. This article rejects this conventionalized approach and posits in its stead the library as a sort of performance space in which the confrontation between artist and audience may occur. In this model, the librarian becomes an avant-garde performer who uses the library's conventional cataloging system to establish a set of expectations that are challenged by the work at hand. As a kind of ``straight man,'' the librarian becomes as essential actor in the realization of the work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1991:ABd, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "4", pages = "336--336", month = "Autumn", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 08:48:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N4_1991_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:1991:PWC, author = "James Hartley", title = "Psychology, Writing and Computers: a Review of Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "4", pages = "338--375", month = "Autumn", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N4_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "My aim in this paper is to provide a brief review of some of the main issues covered in research on writing and to indicate where this research may be found. For convenience of presentation the paper is divided into four overlapping sections: (1) the nature of writing; (2) learning to write; (3) computers and writing; and (4) evaluating written products. A fifth topic, the users of writing, is covered in more detail by Freedman et al (1987), and readers who are particularly interested in social aspects of writing, and how cultures and activities are shaped by, and have been shaped by writing, are especially referred to this paper. Other review papers on more specific topics have been provided by Applebee, 1984; Chandler, 1991; Cochran-Smith, 1991; Durst and Newell, 1989; Fitzgerald, 1987; Freedman et al, 1987; Hayes and Flower, 1986; Humes, 1983; and Huot, 1990. There are, in addition, many books and book chapters on writing, and several of these will be referred to in this review.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{DeKay:1991:EDM, author = "Michael L. DeKay and Jennifer J. Freyd", title = "The Effects of Drawing Method on the Discriminability of Characters", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "4", pages = "376--414", month = "Autumn", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N4_1991_E.pdf", abstract = "Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of drawing method on the subsequent discriminability of hand-drawn characters. A novel set of eight characters and two drawing rules were developed for use in these experiments. In Experiment 1, angle measurements performed on hand-drawn characters indicated that members of character pairs drawn using dissimilar stroke directions became more differentiated while members of character pairs drawn using similar stroke directions remained relatively undifferentiated. In Experiment 2, subjects were better able to distinguish between members of differentiated character pairs than between members of undifferentiated character pairs. In Experiment 3, subjects also appeared to be better at distinguishing between members of character pairs which had been drawn using their own drawing rule, though such a finding may depend on the exact nature of the task.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Smudde:1991:BRL, author = "Peter M. Smudde", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Language and Typography}}. Cal Swann. New York: Van Nostrand, 1991. 94 pages, large format, amply illustrated, many photos, black and white. \$19.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "4", pages = "415--420", month = "Autumn", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 08:48:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N4_1991_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1991:BR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "4", pages = "420--423", month = "Autumn", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 08:48:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N4_1991_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zapf:1991:RC, author = "Hermann Zapf and Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl and Hans von Winning and Brian Stross and Muriel Underwood", title = "Reader Comments", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "4", pages = "424--427", month = "Autumn", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 08:48:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Stross:1990:MWC}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N4_1991_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Zapf criticizes the design of volume 24, number 3--4, and Poggenpohl defends it. Von Winning points out another important article on the La Mojarra Stela overlooked by Stross. Underwood comments on 25 years of the journal.", } @Article{Anonymous:1991:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to volume 25", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "25", number = "4", pages = "428--430", month = "Autumn", year = "1991", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 08:48:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V25N4_1991_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V26N12_1992_E.pdf and V26N34_1992_E.pdf are missing from the Web %%% site, so the contents of volume 26 cannot yet be checked, corrected, %%% and completed. @Article{Milman:1992:HPT, author = "Estera Milman", title = "Historical Precedents, Trans-historical Strategies, and the Myth of Democratization", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The essay briefly outlines some of the uncanny coincidences between the birth of Dada and the birth of Fluxus, charts the adoption of similar ahistorical strategies by members of both movements as they attempted to position themselves historically, and questions our assumption that democratization of the arts is the natural result of artistic actions that purportedly attempt to break down the line of demarcation between art and life. In the process, the article provides introductions to both the World War I movement and its post-World War II successor.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Foster:1992:HDS, author = "Stephen C. Foster", title = "Historical Design and Social Purpose: a Note on the Relationship of {Fluxus} to Modernism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper explores why Fluxus' ambiguous affirmations and denials of modernism are not contradictory but part of a self-conscious strategy designed to manipulate the operational apparatus of modernism without submitting to its agenda. Aware that the cannons of modernism rest less in the specifics of its terms than in their organization, Fluxus dislocated traditional means and ends relationships endemic to modernist objectives and dismantled the dependent relationships that account for modernism's legibility as a ``historical movement.'' Capable of expanding in an indefinite number of opposite, but mutually inclusive directions, Fluxus submitted to everything. Yet, in its separation of means and ends, Fluxus lost the authority to author itself, became the subject of a traditional modernist debate and the unwitting victim of modernist historical subjugation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Smith:1992:PFU, author = "Owen Smith", title = "{Proto-Fluxus} in the {United States} 1959--1961: The Establishment of a Like-minded Community of Artists", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The essay discusses the early developmental phase of Fluxus, which George Maciunas called proto-Fluxus. Concentrating on the presentations of the New York Audio Visual Group, the Chambers Street performance series, events at the AG Galley and the development of the publication, An Anthology, the article addresses the evolution of a Fluxus community and the development of a Fluxus performance sensibility.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Snyder:1992:JCD, author = "Ellsworth Snyder", title = "{John Cage} Discusses {Fluxus}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The topics address in this informal discussion include John Cage's response to George Maciunas' work, the composer's recollections of Marcel Duchamp, the complex relationship between inelegant material and revealing works of art, neo-Dada and neo-Fluxus, Wittgenstein and the artist's ultimate responsibility to initiate a change in the viewer or receiver.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Allen:1992:FL, author = "Roy F. Allen", title = "{Fluxus} and Literature", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The paper discusses the Fluxus revolution in literary expression during which the tradition of letters was challenged through erasure of the separation of the verbal from other forms of expression and through the rejection of the passive role of the reader. In the process of describing Fluxus' reinterpretation of the concept of ``literature,'' the author provides a means through which to distinguish Fluxus works from Concrete Poetry, one of their direct precursors, through the latter's dependence on verbal text as starting point of the poetic experience and the former's inherent contingency and provisionality.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Saper:1992:FII, author = "Craig Saper", title = "Fluxacademy: From Intermedia to Interactive Education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The article advocates a Fluxus based experimental pedagogy which is particularly well suited for scholarship confronted with film and electronic media. Fluxus works have the potential to work the frame of reference, and, by doing so, encourage creativity, and what Saper calls ``invention-tourism.'' The theory explored in Fluxacademy focuses specifically on the use of intermedia for interactive education.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Milman:1992:RSS, author = "Estera Milman", title = "Road Shows, Street Events, and {Fluxus} People; A Conversation with {Alison Knowles}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The discussion recounts the point in time when the Fluxus community first became self-consciously aware of itself during the early European concert tours and provides insights into the identification of criteria by which aspects of European and American Fluxus performances can be delineated. In addition, topics addressed include the use of change procedure by members of the group, their debts to John Cage and the relationship between the composer/performer of Fluxus event works and his or her audience.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anderson:1992:OSC, author = "Eric Anderson and Stephen C. Foster and Estera Milman", title = "On Open Structures and the Crisis of Meaning, a Dialogue", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "133--142", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "This animated conversation ranges from discussion of the overt questioning of understanding, meaning and the validity of the art situation to the conscious, recurrent renewal of ``crisis'' as a catalyst for the arts. Topics addressed include: the requirements of culturing, the relationship between randomness and the unavoidable reconstitution of meaning as well as the frustrated expectation of the spectator within a deliberately ``non-structured'' art situation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Higgins:1992:TSC, author = "Dick Higgins", title = "Two Sides of a Coin: {Fluxus} and the {Something Else Press}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "After briefly outlining the process by which the Fluxus community coalesced, the author proceeds to recount the birthing of Something Else Press, Inc., and the transformation of aspects of the Press' objectives into Printed Editions. In the process, the essay discusses many of the parallel concerns shared by both Something Else Press and Fluxus publication activities as well as their divergent agendas and strategies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:1992:FGC, author = "Ken Friedman and James Lewes", title = "{Fluxus}: Global Community, Human Dimensions", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The author discusses the development of Fluxus as a community of individuals who responded to complex, context-specific interactions among themselves, yet who persisted in their struggle against the codification of their activities into ``artistic cohesion.'' Myths of periods of ideological unity and the hierarchy of status dependent upon participation in key Fluxus events are refuted while and attempt is made to provide an overview of consensus among scholars, curators and critics concerning core and peripheral membership in the Fluxus circle.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Melton:1992:NSR, author = "Hollis Melton", title = "Notes on {SoHo} and a Reminiscence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "George Maciunas' pivotal contributions to the renaissance of SoHo, the burgeoning New York City community south of Houston Street, are discussed. The essay recounts the establishment of Fluxus cooperatives, the history of the Filmmakers' Cinematheque (the precursor to the Anthology Film Archives), Maciunas' long and active struggle with the Attorney General's Office and closes with a description of the February 1978 erotic Flux New Year's Cabaret and Maciunas' marriage to Billie Hutching. In addition, Melton's photographs of the wedding and of Maciunas' and Hutching's piece, Black and White, are reproduced.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Milman:1992:CFC, author = "Estera Milman", title = "Circle of Friends: a Conversation with {Alice Hutchins}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The dialogue addresses the context to which Paris-based artists of the 1960s responded, culminating in the 1968 worker and student strikes in May of 1968. In addition, insights are provided into the community structure of the New York-based Fluxus circle and evidence is presented which illustrates that this ``art culture'' served as a support mechanism for an international group of artists who shared similar convictions about the function of the art experience and the responsibility of the art maker.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frank:1992:FFN, author = "Peter Frank", title = "{Fluxus} Fallout: {New York} in the Wake of the New Sensibility", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The New York-based Fluxus movement began an extended period of dissemination, and in some senses dissolution, around 1967. At the same time the ``fluxist'' sensibility began to manifest itself in New York art beyond Fluxus' own specific artistic practice --- and, as New York still dominated American artistic discourse at this time, the fluxist inflection in America as well, adding to the limited but growing influence of established regional Fluxus pockets. The essay addresses various phenomena that abetted the ``fluxing'' of American art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Partridge:1992:FIA, author = "Michael Partridge and Joan Huntley", title = "{FluxBase}: an Interactive Art Exhibition", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "Using a NeXT computer, art historians and computer software researchers at the University of Iowa created an electronic representation of Fluxus art objects which accompanies the traveling exhibition, Fluxus: a Conceptual Country. The computer program gives exhibition attendees an opportunity to experience the Flux objects in the spirit in which they were originally created. Viewers can, for example, open a Flux box, select an object inside, view the components and move them around. Since the value of the original art objects has increased, they are normally exhibited under glass; the computer program provides a virtual approximation to the original without damaging it.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hanhardt:1992:CTW, author = "John G. Hanhardt and Peter Moore", title = "D{\'e}-Collage and Television: {Wolf Vostell} in {New York}, 1963--64", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N12_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The photographic essay features photo documentation by Peter Moore of three Wolf Vostell projects produced in New York during the period 1963-64. ``D{\'e}-collage and Television'' focuses on Vostell's use of d{\'e}-collage technique as a means to critique broadcast television. The projects represented are Vostell's first one-artist show in New York at the Smolin Gallery and participation in the ``Yam Festival of Happenings'' at George Segal's farm, both in 1963.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1992:FRD, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl and Dietmar R. Winkler", title = "The Frame of Reference: Diagrams as Tools for Worldmaking", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N34_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "Reliance on diagrams as quick, cut to the bone communications has become a commonplace in our most public of media, the newspaper and television. In the former we have diagram ``bites'' enhanced (or trivialized depending on one's viewpoint) with some icon or presented conventionally as a line, bar or pie chart. In the latter, we have Ross Perot with his ubiquitous flip-chart, abstracting the details of economic life and projecting trends. Today, computer software makes comparison, chronology or trend easy to accomplish. It is from this context that we seek to question the diagram as a tool. The purpose of this article is to step aside from conventional ideas about diagrams and to examine how they work, to look beneath the surface of these admittedly powerful tools which bring to its audience the possibility of a common understanding on some issue or relationship. Ideas from a perceptual psychologist, J. J. Gibson, a communication theorist, W. Barnett Pearce and a philosopher, Nelson Goodman, are brought to bear, like can-openers, to smoothly cut or more forcefully crunch open the closed surface of the diagram. The papers are introduced in the three divisions of this issue: Examining the Past, Questioning the Present and Working Toward the Future.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lenk:1992:SEI, author = "Krzysztof Lenk and Paul Kahn", title = "To Show and Explain: The Information Graphics of {Stevin} and {Comenius}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N34_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The development of diagrammatic presentation during the sixteenth centuries is briefly examined with particular emphasis on the work of Simon Stevin and Johann Amos Comenius. Stevin juxtaposed abstract mathematical notation with concrete example from life. Comenius joined languages including Latin, a vernacular language, numbering systems and diagrammatic representation into experiential chunks for effective teaching. The authors believe study of these early visual pedagogical constructs offer renewed insight into diagrammatic possibilities for contemporary education.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McArthur:1992:SFP, author = "Douglas McArthur", title = "Sign Function and Potential of the Printed Word", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N34_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "Semiology provides a broad perspective for analyzing the range of signs, their differences in form and function, along with the relative efficiency of different signs for different purposes and situations. Some general semiological notions are applied to the printed page.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Chizlett:1992:DLS, author = "Clive Chizlett", title = "Damned Lies. {And} Statistics. {Otto Neurath} and {Soviet} Propaganda in the 1930s", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See negative commentary \cite{Kinross:1994:BEI,Twyman:1994:LRC}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N34_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "The life and times of Otto Neurath are briefly outlined. The principles of his Isotype Picture Language are reviewed and are critically examined in the light of descriptive statistics. The pre-history and origins of Isotype are traced to the United States, ultimately to the pragmatist philosopher and pioneer semiotician, Charles Sanders Peirce, but more directly to the statistician, Willard Brinton and to Neurath's friend and associate, Charles W. Morris. Neurath's views of analytical philosophy and the social sciences are summarized and contrasted with ideas put forward by Popper and Wittgenstein. Finally, Neurath's personal credibility and scientific integrity are tested by looking at his contributions to Soviet propaganda in the early 1930s.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sims-Knight:1992:PPH, author = "Judith E. Sims-Knight", title = "To Picture or Not to Picture: How to Decide", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N34_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper proposes that to create visual designs that effectively communicate their information it is necessary to supplement the intuitions of the designer with empirical research. The first part of the paper gives the reasons why institutions --- of designers or anyone else --- are inadequate. It describes the habits of human reasoning that distort designers' ability to intuit how users will understand and respond to graphics. The second part of the paper gives two alternative solutions to these problems, both of which are based on observing how people actually behave in response to visuals. One solution is to investigate scientifically whether and how visuals communcate to viewers. From such investigations general principles can be developed and examples of research-based principles for educational visual representation are given. When such general principles are not available or appear to be inappropriate for the given situation, designers can use a second solution, that of user-based iterative design. This strategy provides procedured by which designers can explore users' reactions at the same time they are developing prototypes of their designs. In this way user-based errors can be corrected while designs are still being developed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Storkerson:1992:EIG, author = "Peter Storkerson", title = "Explicit and Implicit Graphs: Changing the Frame", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N34_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "A view long venerated in philosophy and science separates image and word into separate worlds. Images resemble their references or ideas of their referents. They present themselves all at once and lack clear linguistic procedures like syntax for ordering and decoding. Words, on the other hand, describe rather than resemble and are read linearly in time. Images are rich but diffuse in meanings, while words have less dense meaning and are more precise. The two do not translate directly into each other. The dichotomics reflect an ideological split between literal and metaphorical, true and fictional, scientific and artistic. Word and image often operate as unwitting stand-ins in this struggle. But the differences between word and image are smaller than they might seem. One area where the function of image is most like a word is in graphs. The graph is a culturally given way of reading --- a visual organization as language. It provides a means of systematically thinking about how we use such language without realizing it. Is there an understanding of how graphing as a technology functions? Investigation of this leads to considering ways of looking at and of understanding visual organization in order to put forward some alternative goals.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cohen:1992:BZT, author = "Michael Cohen", title = "Blush and Zebrackets: Two Schemes for Typographical Representation of Nested Associativity", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "26", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "1992", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V26N34_1992_E.pdf", abstract = "Two systems are introduced that increase the information density of textual presentation by reconsidering text as pictures, expanding the range of written expression. Both schemes indicate nested associative, and both employ stripes, but in different styles: Blush uses large-scale vertical gutters, superimposed as reverse-fielding on indented outlines or computer programs; Zebrackets uses small-scale horizontal striations, superimposed on parenthetical delimiters. These systems are implemented as computer programs, active filters that represent textual information graphically.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V27N12_1993_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Hodgson:1993:SDP, author = "Richard Hodgson and Ralph Sarkonak", title = "Seeing in Depth: the Practice of Bilingual Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Producing and reading a bilingual text, much like creating and viewing a stereoscopic image, involve a much more complex process of perception and decoding than do the writing and deciphering of a monolingual one. Working with bilingual texts creates both special problems and unique opportunities for the writer, the graphic designer, the reader and for those of us who are fascinated by visible language in all its forms. Most studies on bilingualism tend to neglect the written manifestations of the phenomenon in favor of the psychological, social and pedagogical dimensions of the problem as they appear in the spoke language. This issue explores the practice of bilingual writing in a wide variety of texts, from cuneiform tablets and bilingual dictionaries to contemporary fiction and bilingual editions of texts. ``Texts'' can be anything from polyglot bibles to advertising slogans and brand names. The main objective of this issue devoted to writing ``in stereo'' is to bring together specialists in a wide range of fields, from graphic design and lexicography to text-linguistics and literary theory, to study the practice of bilingual writing at the level of the word (company logos and bilingual dictionaries), the sentence (code-switching) and the entire text. The examples chosen involve both visible and invisible bilingualism (depending on the reader/viewer's knowledge of the languages in question).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mackey:1993:LDB, author = "William Mackey", title = "Literary Diglossia, Biculturalism and Cosmopolitanism in Literature", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "In areas where two written languages are used, each may be limited to its set of functions or literary genres. Some writers, by becoming masters of two languages and cultures succeed in overcoming both the pitfalls of cosmopolitan authors writing only in their second or acquired language and the difficulties of unilingual authors writing in or about a culture which is not their own. The latter and their cosmopolitan literature, once considered an oddity, have now become commonplace in Western Europe, North America and other areas of massive immigration. The literature produced in such contexts is sometimes characterized by special traits such as semantic shift, over-generalization, code-switching, avoidance strategies, interference and uncertainty. In balance, however, if we examine the production of bilingual and bicultural literature in our century, we could say that, far from impoverishing the literatures to which they contribute, they are more likely to enrich them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cooper:1993:BBC, author = "Jerrold Cooper", title = "Bilingual {Babel}: Cuneiform Texts in Two or More Languages from {Ancient Mesopotamia} and Beyond", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Ancient Mesopotamia was the birthplace of the earliest known writing system. It was also a land of ethno-linguistic diversity, that included Sumerians, who invented cuneiform writing, and an increasingly large number of speakers of Semitic languages. As cuneiform spread throughout Mesopotamia and into neighboring regions, it was adapted to write Semitic and other languages, and bilingual and even trilingual cuneiform tablets were produced, containing Sumerian texts and their translations, usually into Semitic Akkadian. Various formats were developed to set off the translation from the original, and the practice, which began around 2400 B.C., continued almost to the beginning of own era.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Picard:1993:JAC, author = "Daniel Picard", title = "Jackhammers and Alarm Clocks: Perceptions in Stereo", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Commercial bilingualism in Qu{\'e}bec has prompted ingenious responses to the convergence of English and French, notably in regards to the grammatical structure and the nomenclature of brand identification. Fueled by politics and economy of message, a duality of perceptions has resulted from the necessity to communicate with both linguistic groups. In this paper, I discuss Canada's two official languages and classify their contact with each other in the world of brand identities. What these languages must accomplish in the business world and the new perceptions that result from the contact between the two languages are also discussed. As the aesthetics of graphic design and linguistic duality merge, I submit my own theory of contact between three elements --- the two languages and the participants.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hewson:1993:BET, author = "Lance Hewson", title = "The Bilingual Edition in Translation Studies", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "The bilingual edition is curiously absent from the field of translation studies. This article looks closely at the nature of such an edition, and the specific problems that it presents to the translation theorist. Publishers' strategies are examined, as are the translator's introduction and notes, which --- in their great diversity --- contribute largely to the particular nature of such a text. After I consider reading strategies, comments are made on the importance of the translation process, and on how the bilingual edition is the ideal place for the details of such a process to be brought out, both for students of language and translation, as well as for the more advanced student of comparative literature.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lubell:1993:BHT, author = "Stephen Lubell", title = "Bilingualism in the {Hebrew} Text", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "This article is an attempt to discuss bilingualism in the Hebrew text from a variety of viewpoints, both historical and practical. The unique characteristics of Hebrew, its language and writing system are discussed in relation to a long historical tradition of bilingual texts, such as the Aramaic translations of the early christian era, 16th century Polyglot bibles and Passover Haggadahs. Present-day strategies, both from the outlook of typesetting and translation, are explored and the ``invisible'' effects of Hebrew lexical and syntactic pattern on English speakers are analyzed. The author puts forward the idea that there is a kind of blocking or switching mechanism at work which allows the monolingual Hebrew reader to block out the foreign element embedded within the Hebrew text.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Grutman:1993:MVS, author = "Rainier Grutman", title = "Mono versus Stereo: Bilingualism's Double Face", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Although literary scholars have started to acknowledge the dynamic character of literary language, little progress has been made in the field of its actual study since the heyday of sylistics. This paper offers an application of one major exception to this rule: Mikha{\"\i}l Bakhtin's heteroglossia model, which tried to describe literature from a more diversified point of view. The analysis of two examples shows nevertheless that Bakhtin unilaterally celebrated the ``stereo'' qualities of language blending, and leaves no room for ``mono'' texts, which use polyglot devices as borders much more than as bridges between cultures.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wrenn:1993:CAP, author = "Phyllis Wrenn", title = "A Case for Acadian --- The Politics of Style", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "The Lettres (1895--1898) of Marichette are graphic evidence of the effects of language contact with the socially and economically dominant English on her Franco-Acadian dialect. I explore her penchant for code-switching and attempt to relate this aspect of the writer's style to her political commentary. Two categories of code-switching can be identified: the first occurs notably with structures that have perlocutionary force, and is characteristic of the prose style she adopts; the second is motivated by the desire to represent or suggest the speech of another. The socio-linguistic commentary implied by the use of English is further developed by Marichette's manipulation of the quality of the spoken English she represents. Its juxtaposition with academic French and the formal style of other contributors to the weekly newspaper L'Evang{\'e}line, in which they first appeared, at the end of the nineteenth century, further heighten the visual shock value of the letters.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nassar:1993:TEM, author = "Joseph Nassar", title = "Transformations in Exile: The Multilingual Exploits of {Nabokov}'s {Pnin} and {Kinbote}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N12_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Having become fluent in Russian, English and French as a child, Vladimir Nabokov was not simply a Russian writer until 1939 and an Anglo-American one thereafter. More accurately a polyglot with amazing metalinguistics awareness, he incorporated within his writing, especially his English-language novels, a polylinguistic matrix. Employing techniques such as code-switching, language overlapping and multilingual literary puzzles, motifs, themes and allusions, Nabokov created a ``web of sense,'' a subtext partially accessible to monoglots, but only fully comprehensible to those who know well several languages, literatures and histories. In addition to providing an enriching experience for the monolingual reader, Pnin (1957), which marked Nabokov's self-awareness as an intrinsically polyglot writer, and Pale Fire (1962), which revealed the immensity of his genius and complexity, also offer engaging multilingual subtexts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1993:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "274--274", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 10:30:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1993:E, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Editorial", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "275--277", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 10:30:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Salen:1993:STR, author = "Katie Salen", title = "Speaking in Text: The Resonance of Syntactic Difference in Text Interpretation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "278--301", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "In order for design to be effective as a communication tool, it is necessary for designers to realize their task in the realm of meaning, not aesthetic form. To think the reverse implies that when we speak we think in terms of grammar rather than in terms of what we want to express. Visual signs help to define form and structure and are significant in their semantic function. When visual signs are acted upon so that their relationship is somehow altered, their message is transformed as well. A series of typographic studies examine the relationship of designers, text and interpreter in the dialectical process of communication in which meaning is rendered and made explicit. Whether design can define and reveal structures of meaning in such a way as to alter the experience, interaction and expectations of its audience is the question. If so, can such a displacement of experience instigate a critical discourse between designer, culture and the individual?", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hailstone:1993:TTT, author = "Max Hailstone", title = "``{Te Tiriti}'' (The Treaty)", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "302--321", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "The founding document of present day New Zealand, the nine sheets of the ``Treaty of Waitangi,'' is explored in terms of the Maori chief's signatures and their significance in European and tribal custom. The original signatures were extremely small as the space designated for them was only 5 mm --- they were dominated by the attempted English spelling of the chiefs' names. The author enlarged the signatures in order to better examine their form and study their inter-relationships. These signatures were further enlarged and manipulated to become a series of nine silkscreen prints celebrating the event.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Davis:1993:SPF, author = "Christopher Davis", title = "Saving Pictures from the Flood: Using Visual Art in Creative Writing Workshops", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "322--335", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "In order to write using specific, vivid detail, students first need to see that it is possible to communicate subtleties of feeling and perception powerfully through imagery. Davis believes that the interplay between illustrative objectivity and artistic expression is nearly the same, in essence, in the imagery of poetry and in the imagery of painting. He suggest ways in which apprentice writers, in an era in which the hyperaestheticized visual surface of life predominates over linguistic articulation, can, in assimilating visual imagery, feel free for a moment from the requirement to portray their imaginative experience in language, an experience which later allows them to portray their experience linguistically with less inhibition. Davis discusses the nature and function of imagery in poetry and visual art, and describes the dilemma of attempting to convince students to ``show,'' rather than ``tell,'' when in their experience exciting imagery is cheap, easy and void of meaning. He talks of the ways in which the paintings of Francis Bacon stimulated his own young imagination, making Modernist poetry an accessible, emotionally viable role model for his apprentice poetry. Finally, he shows how the imagery in particular paintings by Andy Warhol, Ralph Goings and Larry Rivers can demonstrate specific ways in which a voiceless image can articulate meaning to students.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gilreath:1993:GCT, author = "Charles T. Gilreath", title = "Graphic Cueing of Text: The Typographic and Diagraphic Dimensions", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "336--361", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "A new taxonomy is proposed for classifying the graphic cues commonly used in visually informative text. Previous approaches have focused on typographic and spatial cueing but have not formalized the concept which I call mark cueing. Mark cues are lines such as dividers, guidelines and network links and visual tags such as bullets and enumerators. Spatial and mark cueing are subsumed under a new concept called diagraphic cueing. Together, diagraphic and typographic cueing make up the broader concept of graphic cueing. The various forms of graphic cues are surveyed, with a brief look at products such as vertical list, tables, network diagrams and text labels.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Black:1993:PRM, author = "Alison Black and Darren Watts", title = "Proof-reading Monospaced and Proportionally spaced Typefaces: Should We Check Typewritten or Typeset", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "362--377", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "We examined the impact of proofreading accuracy of setting text in (monospaced) typewriter faces and (proportionally spaced) typefaces, and found no significant differences. However when we introduced a third condition (irregularly spaced typeface), proof-reading suffered, suggesting the importance of a good match between character shape and horizontal spacing. There was a subsidiary finding that subjects marked more false positives (that is, suggested that there were errors in text, when in fact there were not) in the typewritten text than in the typeset texts (well-spaced or irregularly spaced). A post-test where judges rated text as needing more revision when typewritten rather than typeset suggested than more false positives may have been scored because typewriter faces carry a connotation of provisionality, and so subjects in the main experiment may have been applying stricter criteria to the typewritten text than to the other texts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nemeth:1993:BRC, author = "Christopher Nemeth", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Computers as Theater}}, Brenda Laurel. New York: Addison-Wesley, Publishers, 1992 211 pages, cloth, 8 full color pages, \$19.50 ISBN 0-201-51048-0}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "378--380", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 10:30:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1993:BRM, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Modern Typography, an essay in critical history}}. Robin Kinross, London: Hyphen Press, 1992 206 pages, paper, illustrations, \$30.00 ISBN 0-907259-05-7}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "381--383", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 10:30:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1993:ESC, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Editorial, Subscriptions, Claims, Reproduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "3", pages = "384--384", month = jul, year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 10:30:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N3_1993_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1993:AB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "386--386", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 10:43:24 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Polkinhorn:1993:VPI, author = "Harry Polkinhorn", title = "Visual Poetry: an Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "389--393", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Visual poetry is usually approached from a ``formalist'' critical viewpoint which attempts to classify works based on the ways that they work with the ``negative'' page space, how they graphically alter the conventional signifying functions of poetic language. Such approaches all too commonly lack a sufficient appreciation of the cultural, social and political dimensions of visual poetry. Furthermore, since visual poetry uses elements from the visual arts and from poetic language, theories based primarily in one or the other of these media can not do justice to the visual poem. The present anthology, therefore, is international in scope, forcing a comparatist critical methodology and thereby laying the basis for a fuller theory of visual poetry, one which takes into account questions of place, history and specific cultural formation. Seven countries are represented (Brazil, Cuba, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Uruguay, United States). Short introductions and selected references, prepared by the country curators, are included.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Menezes:1993:BVP, author = "Philadelpho Menezes", title = "{Brazilian} Visual Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "394--409", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gutierrez:1993:CVP, author = "Pedro Juan Gutierrez", title = "{Cuban} Visual Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "410--421", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Minarelli:1993:IVP, author = "Enzo Minarelli", title = "{Italian} Visual Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "422--435", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Espinosa:1993:MVP, author = "C{\'e}sar Espinosa", title = "{Mexican} Visual Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "436--443", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Aguiar:1993:PVP, author = "Fernando Aguiar", title = "{Portuguese} Visual Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "444--466", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Padin:1993:UVP, author = "Clemette Padin", title = "{Uruguayan} Visual Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "468--480", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Polkinhorn:1993:VPU, author = "Harry Polkinhorn", title = "Visual Poetry from the {United States}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "482--493", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", abstract = "Abstract not available.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1993:VI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Volume 27 Index", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "27", number = "4", pages = "494--396", month = "Autumn", year = "1993", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 10:43:24 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V27N4_1993_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1994:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:06:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Haussamen:1994:FES, author = "Brock Haussamen", title = "The Future of the {English} Sentence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "4--25", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay is about past and future changes in the predominant features of the written English sentence. Based on a survey of turn-of-the century works from the last four hundred years, the author describes the general changes in sentence length, typical clause and modifier patterns, connectedness and structural explicitness. The printed sentence has become shorter, the flow of information more direct, the connections between nominalizations more implicit. The changes have their roots in patterns of spoken English, in the printing press and the widening of literacy and in the structure of scientific rhetoric. Over the coming two centuries, the printed sentence will probably continue to develop in a similar direction. The major variable is whether electronic technology, will in the long run, bring the printed sentence closer to the oral one, or whether the sentence of electronic prose will develop its own distinguishing characteristics. In any case, the shorter sentence of the future will probably be rigorously and tightly constructed and more reliant on phrases than on subordinate clauses. Taking a long view that includes such speculation refreshes our perspective on the state of written English prose.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Yule:1994:PFR, author = "Valerie Yule", title = "Problems that Face Research in the Design of Spelling", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "26--46", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/spell.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "Writing systems are an essential element of modern communications technology, English spelling is therefore a legitimate subject for research and development to improve it. Setting up such research faces problems including: the definition of an `optimum' spelling, issues of models, methodology and experimental design. Barriers include unawareness of the importance of spelling for literacy and ignorance of how improvements have been made in the writing systems of other modern languages. Empirical exploration has been prevented by the historic unquestioned assumptions of spelling reformers and their antagonists, such and that one-to-one sound-symbol correspondence is the only possible alternative and that the preferred method of armchair argument renders research unnecessary. Spelling design remains a field for pioneering research and for re-analysis of existing research which would benefit cognitive and reading and be of practical benefit for theories of international use of the English language. We do not yet have a user-friendly English spelling for experienced readers and writers, learners of English as a second language, the educationally disadvantaged and handicapped and for computer transliteration and cross-lingual communication.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Roth:1994:UBH, author = "Susan King Roth", title = "The Unconsidered Ballot: How Design Effects Voting Behavior", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "48--67", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "The voting ballot forms the visual interface between the voter and the political system. It must quickly and clearly communicate information to a diverse public engaged in decision-making activities. Given the importance of voting to a democratic system of government and the need for equal access to information displayed on the ballot, it is interesting that more research in this area has not been conducted. While a search of the literature and government documents reveals some studies on voting system standards related to performance and security, very little is available on ballot design or the interaction between the voter and various systems. A preliminary study on the effect of ballot interface design on voting behavior, supported by a grant from The Ohio State University, was conducted in February of 1993 in cooperation with appropriate election officials. Subjects were videotaped while voting on either a mechanical lever or electronic voting machine displaying a ballot from the 1992 presidential election in an experimental situation approximating that found in the polling place. Significant problems related to human factors and the organization of information on the ballot have been identified that merit further examination.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kinross:1994:BEI, author = "Robin Kinross", title = "Blind Eyes, Innuendo and the Politics of Design: a Reply to {Clive Chizlett}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "68--79", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Chizlett:1992:DLS,Twyman:1994:LRC}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "The foundations of Clive Chizlett's arguments in his article, Damned Lies, are contested. Against the notion that Otto Neurath was a communist and agent of Soviet propaganda, the facts of Neurath's political commitment are set out. In his life and work, Neurath was a democratic socialist, committed to the ideals of open discussion. Much of Chizlett's case rests on W. W. Bartley's book, Wittgenstein, which is shown to be a flawed source. The claim that Neurath borrowed ideas from Willard Brinton is shown to be trivial and equally without foundation. Chizlett's view of graphic information rests on the view that it is either hard science or pure art. This dichotomy prevents an understanding of his subject.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Remington:1994:BRS, author = "R. Roger Remington", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{SPIRALS 91}}. Thomas Ockerse, editor. Providence, Rhode Island: Rhode Island School of Design. Large format, five softbound books in a slipcase, printed in two colors, many illustrations. \$125.00 }", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "80--82", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:06:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1994:BRB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Black Riders, The Visible Language of Modernism}}. Jerome McGann. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. \$35.00 cloth, \$12.95 paper. ISBN 0-691-01544-9}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "83--85", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:06:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1994:BRS, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Stop Stealing Sheep and Find Out How Type Works}}. Erik Spiekermann and E. M. Ginger. Mountain View, California: Adobe Press. \$19.50 and \$24.95 (Canadian) ISBN 0-672-48543-5}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "86--88", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:06:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Twyman:1994:LRC, author = "Michael Twyman and Daniel Picard", title = "Letters: Regarding {Clive Chizlett}'s article {{\booktitle{Damned Lies. And Statistics}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "89--91", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:06:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Chizlett:1992:DLS,Kinross:1994:BEI}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Negative commentary about the accuracy of Chizlett's article in volume 26, numbers 3--4, and critical comments on the quality of products of type manufacturers.", } @Article{Anonymous:1994:BR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "1", pages = "92--96", month = "Winter", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:06:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N1_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Page images in V28N2_1994_E.pdf are cropped, losing almost all page %%% numbers. @Article{Poggenpohl:1994:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "2", pages = "98--98", month = "Spring", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:32:03 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N2_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Close:1994:RO, author = "Eleanor O. Close", title = "Recollect Orality", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "2", pages = "100--109", month = "Spring", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N2_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "A brief historical overview, playfully presented, reminds the reader of the relationships between orality, literacy and our current electronic social condition.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Meyer:1994:CYS, author = "Charles F. Meyer and Robert A. Morris and Ed Blanchman", title = "Can You See Whose Speech Is Overlapping?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "2", pages = "110--133", month = "Spring", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N2_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "Recently in linguistics there has developed an increased interest in the analysis of computer corpora --- examples of speech and writing distributed in machine-readable form. Computer corpora are typically annotated with markup to indicate such phenomena as paragraph boundaries and titles in written texts and pauses and speaker turns in spoken texts. As computer corpora become more common in linguistics, linguists need to concern themselves not just with developing standards for the markup they use but with ensuring that this markup is presented to the user in as readable a format as possible. In our discussion, we focus on a common characteristic of speech that any annotation system must deal with --- overlapping speech --- and describe software that we have developed that not only accurately marks the boundaries of overlaps but presents them to the user in a very readable format. First we discuss the types of overlapping speech that any markup system will have to describe and then we critique two types of current systems for marking overlaps: those that stress readability and those that emphasize descriptive adequacy. We describe the problems inherent in each of these systems and conclude by discussing a system we have developed which is based on sophisticated document processing software. This software presents speech overlaps in vertical columns and balances the necessity of accurately describing the boundaries of overlaps with the need of the user to be presented this information in as readable manner as possible.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Grow:1994:WPV, author = "Gerald Grow", title = "The Writing Problems of Visual Thinkers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "2", pages = "134--161", month = "Spring", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N2_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "Some people produce characteristic, recurring writing problems as a result of inappropriately applying visual thinking to writing. This paper traces the writing problems of such visual thinkers to three factors: a lack of words, the unimportance of sequence and the presumption of context. Because some gifted visual thinkers have difficulty producing the kind of writing required in schools and colleges, they may become casualties of a form of learning style discrimination built into the educational system. This exploratory paper pleads for better understanding of the thinking processes that produce such writing problems and the development of new ways of teaching writing that directly address visual thinkers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Keppler:1994:NPL, author = "Joseph F. Keppler", title = "The News as a Post-Literary Spectacle", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "2", pages = "162--171", month = "Spring", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N2_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "Totalitarian-like, the news culture dominates thought during crucial times in our nation. Purposely neither scholarly nor spontanous, this article examines the news of the Persian Gulf war from a critical reader/viewer perspective. It proposes that video news works like an intriguing alphabet, the forms and meanings of which are pronounced by a monopoly of interpreter reporters, anchors and media guests. During a crisis traditional ABC's in print second the immediate electronic coverage. Normally the viewer and the reader can go separate ways, but a crisis calls for speed and singularity of attention. In the ignorant absoluteness of the singular entertainment of the Persian Gulf war, the difference between being literate in print and being literate in video hardly mattered. What did matter was the facility with which rhetorical strategies governed the principles and actions of people at war. To think otherwise was rendered irrelevant and impolitic.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1994:MTB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "More than a Book Review of {{\booktitle{The Electronic Word}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "2", pages = "172--193", month = "Spring", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N2_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "A review of Richard Lanham's computer version of \booktitle{The Electronic Word} becomes the occasion for reflection on typographic performance on the page and screen. The rhetorical role of typography is examined in relation to interpretation and meaning of the text. Lanham's argument that communication needs to be looked at rather that through is extended through demonstration. The format of this example of the Expanded Book is subject to critical scrutiny.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1994:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "194--194", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 1: Critiques.", } @Article{Blauvelt:1994:FDB, author = "Andrew Blauvelt", title = "Foreword: Disciplinary Bodies: the Resistance to Theory and the Cut of the Critic", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "196--202", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 1: Critiques.", } @Article{Blauvelt:1994:OGD, author = "Andrew Blauvelt", title = "An Opening: Graphic Design's Discursive Spaces", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "204--216", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "A review of the particular problems which have been identified with the history of graphic design as a field of study and the emerging discipline of graphic design history is undertaken as an introduction to the special issues of Visible Language entitled, ``New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design.'' Operative definitions are provided to delimit the project and explicate the notion of critical histories. A case is put forward for the examination of graphic design through its relationships with larger discourses. A proposal is made for the exploration of graphic design's discursive spaces as an alternative form of historical inquiry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 1: Critiques.", } @Article{Bush:1994:TLG, author = "Anne Bush", title = "Through the Looking Glass: Territories of the Historiographic Gaze", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "218--231", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay introduces the subject/object juxtapositions inherent in the writing of history. By comparing these ``perspectives'' with subject/object positions in the visual arts it will present not only a background to current historiographic models, but will also suggest ways to extend beyond traditional historical method.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 1: Critiques.", } @Article{Margolin:1994:NPG, author = "Victor Margolin", title = "Narrative Problems of Graphic Design History", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "232--243", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "The problem of method in the construction of narratives is particularly acute in the field of graphic design history. Various publications have brought attention to the subject of graphic design history, but have not marked a course for the full explanation of how graphic design developed as a practice. Three major texts by Philip Meggs, Enric Satu{\'e} and Richard Hollis address the history of graphic design, but each raised questions about what material to include, as well as how graphic design is both related to and distinct from other visual practices such as typography, art direction and illustration. The author calls for a narrative strategy that is more attentive to these distinctions and probes more deeply into the way that graphic design has evolved.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 1: Critiques.", } @Article{Baker:1994:PGD, author = "Steve Baker", title = "A Poetics of Graphic Design?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "244--259", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "There is a continuing dissonance between the history and practice of graphic design. In particular, the stylistic experimentation and political engagement which has characterized some of the most influential developments in twentieth-century graphic design practice has not found an equivalent in the ways in which the subject's history has been written. Even when the restrictiveness and bogus neutrality of design history's conventional linear narratives have been recognized and criticized, little has been done to develop a more ``spatial'' writing, a writing which moves --- at least at a poetic or metaphorical level --- closer to the image. This article proposes that the work of the French feminist writers H{\'e}l{\`e}ne Cixous and Luce Irigaray could serve as the basis for devising a more imaginative form of critical writing which might help to draw the history and practice of graphic design into a closer and more purposeful relation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 1: Critiques.", } @Article{Mermoz:1994:MHS, author = "G{\'e}rard Mermoz", title = "Masks on Hire: In Search of Typographic Histories", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "260--285", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "In the wake of recent polemics around the ``new'' typography, and in an attempt to avert the epistemological limitations of typographic histories informed by technological determinisms and ideological dogmas (neoclassicist or neomodernist), this paper argues that, given the functional relation between typography and language, histories of typography must be informed by those disciplines which bear upon language and its manifestations, namely: linguistics, semiotics, literary theory, art history, bibliography, philosophy, etc. Failing this, chronicles of ``natural,'' untheorized objects will continue to assume the role and claim the status of history-writing.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 1: Critiques.", } @Article{Anonymous:1994:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "286--287", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 1: Critiques.", } @Article{Anonymous:1994:PID, author = "Anonymous", title = "{PhD Institute of Design}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "3", pages = "288--288", month = "Summer", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:36:55 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N3_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1994:ABd, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "286--286", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:55:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } @Article{Blauvelt:1994:FPP, author = "Andrew Blauvelt", title = "Foreword: The Personal is Political: The Social Practices of Graphic Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "289--295", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:55:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } @Article{Smith:1994:CLP, author = "Marilyn Crafton Smith", title = "Culture is the Limit: Pushing the Boundaries of Graphic Design Criticism and Practice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "297--315", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay attempts to redirect theoretical approaches to graphic design practice away from an emphasis on the design object and production (defined in terms of aesthetics and popular definitions of communication) towards an alternative cultural studies perspective. Conceptualizations of the design environment as the locus of authority over content, and of graphic design as the sole mechanism through which interpretation occurs, provide limited explanations for graphic design's role in the circulation and formation of meaning. Through a cultural studies perspective, graphic design is a dynamic component of a larger discursive field where meanings are negotiated through cultural forms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } @Article{vanToorn:1994:DR, author = "Jan van Toorn", title = "Design and Reflexivity", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "317--325", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "Designers in the ``information industry'' increasingly conform to the neo-liberal concepts of the present socioeconomic circumstances. This leaves little room for a social engagement which attempts to unite the private interests of the information combines and collective objectives. The consequence of this mental adjustment to the hegemonies of the communicative relationship is that design, despite what are frequently well-intentioned ethical starting-points, has become generalized and rudimentary in its substantive and instrumental choices, and naive in its thinking about its own public role. In my contribution I argue, following in the footsteps of F{\'e}lix Guattari, for a ``mental ecology,'' for a multidimensional realistic reflexivity, which makes possible the recuperation of a practice consisting of more effective oppositional strategies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } @Article{McKee:1994:SH, author = "Stuart McKee", title = "Simulated Histories", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "327--343", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "Activism is the partisan performance of dissent, shaped and imposed for ideological distraction. Demonstrations have become one of the primary means with which cultural groups, who lack political access, gain public status. The success of any demonstration depends upon a group's ability to represent its struggle and reinforce its identity in the process. ``Simulated Histories'' examines the ways in which visual language politically promotes cultural identity, particularly the demands of overcoming an ``ahistorical'' identity.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } @Article{Lupton:1994:DGD, author = "Ellen Lupton and J. Abbott Miller", title = "Deconstruction and Graphic Design: History Meets Theory", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "345--365", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "``Deconstruction'' is a mode of criticism described by the philosopher Jacques Derrida in his book Of Grammatology, translated into English in 1976. The term has a broad cultural impact in the U.S. in the 1970s and 1980s, spreading from departments of literature to the fields of architecture, graphic design and fashion. Our essay considers the relevance of deconstruction to the theory and practice of typography. The first section discusses deconstruction in relation to the recent history of design, showing how the term gained currency among graphic designers and eventually became the label for a new style. We then look at the place of typographic form within Derrida's own theory, finding that the link between graphic design and deconstruction is far from arbitrary, but constitutes a central issue in his work. We end the essay by proposing the compilation of a history of typography and writing informed by deconstruction; such a history, running counter to the narrative of modern rationalization, would reveal a range of structures that dramatize the intrusion of visual form into verbal content, the invasion of ``ideas'' by graphic marks, gaps and differences.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } @Article{Scotford:1994:MHV, author = "Martha Scotford", title = "Messy History vs. Neat History: Toward an Expanded View of Women in Graphic Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "367--387", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", abstract = "For the contributions of women in graphic design to be discovered and understood, their different experiences and roles within the patriarchal and capitalist framework they share with men, and their choices and experiences with a female framework, must be acknowledged and explored. Neat history is conventional history: a focus on the mainstream activities and work of individual, usually male, designers. Messy history seeks to discover, study and include the variety of alternative approaches and activities that are often part of women designers' professional lives. To start the expansion, a typology of roles played by women in graphic design is proposed for further research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } %%% pages 388--391 are blank @Article{Anonymous:1994:VI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Volume 28 Index", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "392--393", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:55:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } @Article{Anonymous:1994:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "28", number = "4", pages = "394--394", month = "Autumn", year = "1994", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 11:55:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V28N4_1994_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 2: Practices.", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1995:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:22:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N1_1995_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 3: Interpretations.", } @Article{Blauvelt:1995:FST, author = "Andrew Blauvelt", title = "Foreword: Surface Tensions: Between Explanation and Understanding", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "1", pages = "4--10", month = "Winter", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:22:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N1_1995_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 3: Interpretations.", } @Article{Sellers:1995:HLB, author = "Susan Sellers", title = "How Long Has This Been Going On? {{\booktitle{Harpers Bazaar}}}, {{\booktitle{Funny Face}}} and the Construction of the Modernist Woman", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "1", pages = "12--34", month = "Winter", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N1_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "context of post-war American consumer culture. Funny Face offers a prescient glimpse into the ways women understood the fashion magazine and, consequently, modernist form language, as a purveyor of fantasy, cultural capital and a restrictive, mass-mediated femininity. Approaching modern design from this vantage suggests the female boss as a primary site of modernist experimentation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 3: Interpretations.", } @Article{Williamson:1995:EHI, author = "Jack Williamson", title = "Embodiments of Human Identity: Detecting and Interpreting Hidden Narratives in Twentieth-Century Design History", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "1", pages = "36--70", month = "Winter", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N1_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "The article argues that the practice and influence of design history can benefit from new forms of visual and chronological analysis. To this end, a unique phenomenon, the ``historical visual narrative,'' is identified and discussed. Special instances of this phenomenon in twentieth-century design and visual culture, which are tied to the theme of the embodiment of human identity, are examined in depth.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 3: Interpretations.", } @Article{Triggs:1995:ASR, author = "Teal Triggs", title = "Alphabet Soup: Reading {British} Fanzines", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "1", pages = "72--87", month = "Winter", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N1_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "The absorption of subcultural graphic ephemera into mainstream culture warrants careful consideration within academic study as it challenges conventional methodologies used in design history, research and writing. Fanzines represent one form of subcultural communication which embrace specific visual and textual languages --- elements often appropriated from mainstream cultural and media sources. Found within the realm of amateur publishing, fanzines offer ``alternative critical spaces'' for dialogues between like-minded individuals who share a passion for a chosen subject. In Britain, the growth of fanzine production has grown steadily over the last twenty years while maintaining consistent language paradigms with well-considered historical precedents.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 3: Interpretations.", } @Article{Butler:1995:NDT, author = "Frances Butler", title = "New Demotic Typography: The Search for New Indices", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "1", pages = "88--111", month = "Winter", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N1_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "During the last fifteen years the nature of the cognitive practices needed for rapid access into information and for creative thought has changed. Linear thought is now too slow. In the effort to devise short cuts, so that disparate information widely separated can be joined by metaphoric juxtaposition, or lateral thinking, designers of type and image are searching for ways with which to represent the fluid fields of type and image that will induce reverie, often a precondition for metaphoric, non-linear thought. One of the paths taken in the search for a new mnemonics of free visualization, the fusing of the ``widely separated'' typical of lateral thinking, is the reinvestigation of syntactic devices used before printing with movable type or codified punctuation, including many devices once in use among quasi-literate populations. This reinvestigation of the origins of punctuation, including indices, in the search for ideational guidance and creativity within new technology parallels research in medicine or nutrition, where reinvestigation of original plant and animal species, rather than their later hybrids, has proved useful.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 3: Interpretations.", } @Article{Anonymous:1995:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "1", pages = "112--112", month = "Winter", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:22:21 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N1_1995_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "New Perspectives: Critical Histories of Graphic Design Special Project of \booktitle{Visible Language}: Part 3: Interpretations.", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1995:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "114--114", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:29:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Breder:1995:LOV, author = "Hans Breder and Herman Rapaport", title = "The Luminous Object: Video Art and Video Theory: an Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "116--121", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "The Luminous Object consists of interviews and essays of various lengths, whose purpose is not to historicize or classify video definitively, but to bring together a sampling of diverse approaches by video artists and critics that enable us to glimpse the scope of video art and the issues which it raises. In the essays and interviews, video is considered from multiple perspectives and disciplines. This reflects the transitive nature of video which crosses numerous borders, among them, broadcast television, computer animation, painting, sculpture, literature, film, autobiography, history, ethnicity and critical history.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zurbrugg:1995:NJP, author = "Nicholas Zurbrugg", title = "{Nam June Paik}: an Interview", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "122--137", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "Nam June Paik, a seminal figure in video art, candidly discusses his working processes and values in this interview. He goes on to comment on such diverse problems as technology, cost, collaboration, MTV and the artist's ego. Fluxus, its values and the artists associated with this movement, becomes a central thread to his discussion.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hanhardt:1995:FIE, author = "John G. Hanhardt", title = "Film Image --- Electronic Image: The Construction of Abstraction, 1960--1990", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "138--159", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "John Hanhardt interrogates the interrelation between video art and the history of abstraction during our century. His thesis is that a specific body of film and video works has explored the issue of abstraction as a means to define their respective media. This has been done, Hanhardt points out, ``by choosing the basic temporality of the moving image and the material basis of the image itself as sites for an epistemological inquiry into the viewing experience, thus exploring the perceptual transaction between spectator and text.'' Whereas critics like Kuspit and Jameson have seen video as marking an epistemic break with modernism, Hanhardt shows some of the fundamental interconnections between video art and the history of avant-garde abstractionism, for example, as reflected in the work of experimental filmmakers like Stan Brakhage.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rapaport:1995:TLD, author = "Herman Rapaport", title = "Time and Light: {David Garcia}, An Interview", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "160--179", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "In this interview, David Garcia offers his definition of video art, separating it from other media such as television. Video art is more about light and time than it is about narrative. He discusses the role of appropriation and the collage element in video in terms of unpacking history. A loose definition of what constitutes a successful video piece is another thread of dialogue running throughout the interview.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sherk:1995:LLN, author = "Bonnie Sherk", title = "A Living Library: New Model for Global Electronic Interactivity and Networking in the Garden", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "180--185", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "Sherk's project concerns the development of an interactive living library that promotes greater understanding among people and allows for the integration of diverse cultural and ecological forms around the globe. Her project has been to locate such a library in a site specific public land, and in doing so, to conceptually transform and transvalue the use of urban space. Sherk is especially sensitive to something that is easily overlooked, namely, that in our society we have a limited cultural repertoire for what public space can or ought to be. Especially in America, public spaces are often meant to be vacant zones that surround buildings like moats. Reclaiming these urban deserts is central to her work as an artist.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rapaport:1995:TUD, author = "Herman Rapaport", title = "Television and the Unconscious, {Donald Kuspit}: an Interview", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "186--197", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "Donald Kuspit proposes that television is a technology that involves a certain self-hypnosis by the viewer. Television is disintegrative if for no other reason than that the image is inherently broken up much like a mosaic. The image we see is only virtually unified; in fact, it consists of a delicate interplay of atomized bits that are not integrated. The unconscious, Kuspit argues, receives or picks up these monads independently of the unifying horizon that makes up the integrity of the virtual television image. Central to this view is the understanding that television exploits a gap between sensing and understanding an image. Particularly in the case of television, the viewer's libidinal investments are involved, because the image itself has an ersatz unconscious made up of suggestive fragments which are resonating at a level that the eye does not register. Television allows for conditions approximating Freud's depiction of memory in which objectified experiences are made up of smaller fragments whose logic obeys a different law during sleep, namely, that of ``drives'' as opposed to that of the ``real.'' Watching television, then, is much like dreaming in that the viewer encounters a free flowing of highly charged semiotic fragments that are libidinally connected. What makes the image hypnotic, however, is that the image as a totalizing field has the authority of the real behind it which directs or dictates something to the viewer to structure unconscious perception. How this dictation from without is inscribed into the narcissitic relation we have with the televised scene was a major point Kuspit elaborated. He certainly makes a very original and profound insight in the study of video.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kostelanetz:1995:LV, author = "Richard Kostelanetz", title = "Literary Video", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "198--203", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "Kostelanetz's remarks concern ``literary video'' as a genre in which text and image are brought into new relationships and are not kept separate as in broadcast television. The fact that video can distort images much more radically than film means that the merger of text and image promotes a more extensive exploration of visible language than possible in many other media.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rapaport:1995:CAK, author = "Herman Rapaport", title = "{Carole Anne Klonarides}: an Interview", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "204--213", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "An interview with Carole Ann Klonarides explores the videographer's manipulation of space, time and visual texture which often results in an altered sense of history. Her goal to create believable sequences together with her desire to move beyond the stereotypical uses and formats of comtemporary television shows the conflict in her work. She discusses Cascade: Vertical Landscapes as an example of these ideas.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zurbrugg:1995:JCV, author = "Nicholas Zurbrugg", title = "{Jameson}'s Complaint: Video-Art and the Intertextual ``Time-Wall''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "214--237", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "Frederic Jameson has argued that television is entirely superficial and flat; hence, it is incapable of haunting the mind by leaving afterimages or traces. Jameson calls this a ``structural exclusion of memory'' endemic to the medium of video. He also has reservations about what Raymond Williams called the ``total flow'' of broadcast television: whereas ``programming'' cuts up the flow into convenient temporal segments, Jameson's complaint is that one no longer has any ``form'' which can be objectivized or set apart as something particular to be remembered. Television, in short, is too close to an ordinary mode of perception in which everything is experienced as the succession of fleeting moments. This means that television is connotative rather than denotative --- impressionistic rather that objective. Television reduces everything to a flow and in so doing effaces difference, whereas art can arrest or disrupt the ongoing temporality of moment-to-moment experience. In critiquing Jameson, Zurbrugg argues that video art encourages self-analysis and allows for a critical examination of culture. Video art is polemical in that it creates strategies whereby the viewer is disoriented and required to think about his or her own processes of perception and cognition. That postmodernism offers exciting new discursive spaces is central to Zurbrugg's outlook and contrasts with the gloomy pessimism of Jameson.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rapaport:1995:LE, author = "Herman Rapaport", title = "The Liminal Eye", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "238--253", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "This short paper concerns some interrelations between painting and video art. It also reflects an ongoing collaboration between the editors of this volume, since the piece is based on a remark by Hans Breder in conversation. Namely, that one should think of the surface of the painting in relation to the membrance of the eye as if the painting's surface were part of the eye itself. If we thought of the surface that way, the painting's surface would have to be thought of as a membrane of visible excitation that is hard to separate from vision. Vision therefore would not be something we simply brought to the work, but to the contrary, would be indistinguishable from or part of the work itself. The eye and icon therefore enjoy a much closer relation than one might ordinarily assume. At issue are Breder's Liminal Icon series of paintings and his video art work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1995:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "254--255", month = "Spring", year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:29:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N2_1995_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V29N34_1995_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Poggenpohl:1995:BVD, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Between Visual and Digital Tokens: a Look at the Abstraction of Money", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = sep, year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See discussion of Dwiggins' fabrications \cite{Poggenpohl:1995:BVD}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N34_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "While a cashless society has been predicted, it has not occurred. This article examines money's rivals in terms of their benefits and deficits in relation to paper currency. The impending redesign of American currency, driven by a need to improve its security function, is contrasted with the lasting iconography of the money, which was originally designed in the mid-nineteenth century. A limited edition book from 1932, by American type designer W. A. Dwiggins, in which the typographer criticizes the currency design, serves to focus the discussion of national representation for this ubiquitous vehicle. The author finds that Dwiggins' critique remains viable today, and that along with improved security measures, American money should be reconceived in order to better represent a nearly twenty-first century democracy.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Barrett:1995:FM, author = "Dawn Barrett", title = "Flying Money", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = sep, year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N34_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "While it has become fashionable to entertain new designs for American currency within the design community, this author takes such shallow iconographic doodlings to task for their complete lack of concern for the essential practical requirements a currency design must fulfill. In order to develop this argument, Barrett examines money as a financial instrument that requires trust and acceptance from its users. Counterfeiting undermines public trust and it is this practice that the practical design and manufacture of money must guard against with security measures embedded in both the design, paper substrate and printing process. The historical development of money is briefly touched upon with particular attention paid to American money.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Barrett:1995:MEM, author = "Dawn Barrett", title = "``{Modest} Enquiry'' and Major Innovation: {Franklin}'s Early {American} Currency", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = sep, year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N34_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "American colonial paper money is put in the context of its historical economic situation. The author examines paper currency with regard to paper, printing and design and scrutinizes the function of text elements with regard to security and authenticity. Benjamin Franklin's innovations for security paper and adapting nature printing for use in currency production are also discussed. The imagery of paper currency is examined with regard to ideological motives in the creation of a new and independent nation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Smith:1995:JGB, author = "Sandra Smith", title = "{J. S. G. Boggs}: Life Size and in Color", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = sep, year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N34_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "The cover of Visible Language represents Boggs' latest artifactual volley in the ongoing saga of his legal conflict with the United States Secret Service. At issue are the slippery definitions of such words as ``likeness'' and ``similitude.'' This article sets out the humble and unexpected origins of Boggs' transactional art along with a brief chronology of events relating to legal conflicts concerning his art. At issue are the artist's first and fifth amendment rights.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gonzalez:1995:IJG, author = "Manuel Gonzalez", title = "Interview with {J. S. G. Boggs}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = sep, year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N34_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "In January of this year, the artist J. S. G. Boggs printed 900 one-dollar bills, which he then spent to rent a booth at a paper-money collectors convention. The convention organizer then went out and put them into general circulation by passing them on to others who would spend them further all across America. For some time, I had been interested in Boggs' work and his lengthy disagreement with government officials over his currency series. Upon hearing the news of this mass act of civil disobedience, I could no longer resist satisfying my curiosity. I wanted to meet the man waho, depending on whom you speak with, is either a mad, a con-artist or both. I found something other in him, and I hope the record of this brief encounter will help reveal the human being who lives this painfully slow-moving legal drama daily.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shell:1995:PGA, author = "Marc Shell", title = "Paper, Gold and Art as Representation and Exchange", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = sep, year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N34_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "The author, Marc Shell, draws from his recent book, Art \& Money, to discuss the American gold standard and more abstract paper money issues. He considers thus the link between economic and visual representation and exchange. Representation --- what is represented and what it stands for --- is at the heart of money. Or so it appears. Representation easily slides over into issues of authenticity and the character of the unique or genuine as portrayed by the artist's signature and the sovereign's sign --- potentially conflicting makers of aestheic and politcal authority that taken together suggest an always precarious conflict.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nemeth:1995:FMC, author = "Christopher Nemeth", title = "Funny Money, Coupons, Scrip, Chips and Other Quasi-Official Media of Exchange", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "29", number = "3--4", pages = "??--??", month = sep, year = "1995", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V29N34_1995_E.pdf", abstract = "Media of exchange exist in many forms throughout the world. While money is official, many other forms serve as quasi-official means of exchanging value. These serve various purposes money does not, such as convenience, security, promotion and social control. The article examines and interprets the visual design and meaning of this unusual --- and valuable --- class of ``funny money.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% At volume 30, the journal publication schedule changes from four %%% seasonal issues to triannual issues in January, May, and September. @Article{Poggenpohl:1996:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "1", pages = "4--4", month = jan, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:46:27 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N1_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{DeFrancis:1996:HEC, author = "John DeFrancis", title = "How Efficient is the {Chinese} Writing System?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "1", pages = "6--44", month = jan, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N1_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "To help resolve disagreement regarding the relative efficiency of the Chinese system of writing, it is useful to take a close look at some of its specific applications. A good starting point is the arrangement of characters in dictionaries and the lookup procedures involved in locating entries. A closely related matter is composing text and reproducing it, processes which include typesetting, typewriting and digital composition. Composing text brings up the peculiarly difficult problem of segmenting text, which is rendered all the more acute by lack of agreement on how to standardize the orthography of the Pinyin alphabetic system that is acquiring new importance as an adjunct to handling characters on computers. Reformers increasingly emphasize the need for a policy of diagraphia, the coexistence of two writing systems, Pinyin and the traditional characters, each to be used in the areas to which it is best suited. This trend throws further light on the efficiency of Chinese characters by bringing to the fore how they relate to reading and writing and where they fit into the classification of writing systems.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Smith:1996:VWJ, author = "Janet Shibamoto Smith and David L. Schmidt", title = "Variability in Written {Japanese}: Towards a Sociolinguistics of Script Choice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "1", pages = "46--71", month = jan, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N1_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "Literate Japanese today use a writing system comprising four script types, a plurality which affords a rich flexibility of orthographic choice. Japanese have come to stereotype script types and proportions with extralinguistic features of texts and their inscribers. Hence, women and men, the young and old, and the parochial and the sophisticated are understood distinctly to signal self-identity, audience identity and genre features through script choice. In this study, widely held associations between script types, genres, writers and target readers are tested via statistical analyses of script use in popular Japanese fiction. Texts are also subjected to lexical analysis to see whether choice of vocabulary alone can account for variability in script selection. Results indicate that, at least in the domain of modern, public texts, Japanese writers fashion their script type choices to specific contexts, as the writing systems allows, for sociolinguistic and stylistic ends. By utilizing a micro-level, correlational approach, this project is intended to expand our understanding of writing systems and practices as independent channels for expressions of creativity, social self-identity and cultural forms.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Elkins:1996:BPP, author = "James Elkins", title = "Between Picture and Proposition: Torturing Paintings in {Wittgenstein}'s {{\booktitle{Tractatus}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "1", pages = "72--95", month = jan, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N1_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "Art history is currently mining a number of disciplines to find adequate accounts of the differences between pictures, writing and other graphic marks. Anthropology, archaeology, semiotics, linguistics, speech act theory, various strains of psychoanalysis, structuralism, poststructuralism and literary criticism have all been pressed into service. In this chorus of ideas and contributors Wittgenstein's name is largely missing. One reason for that omission is his emphasis on simple schemata, ``games'' and logical relations at the expense of pictures. Even though the entire system of the Tractatus is based on Wittgenstein's ``picture theory,'' it has seemed that he meant principally ``proposition'' instead of ``picture,'' thus excluding the very nonpropositional elements that are of interest in actual pictures. Here I argue that the ``picture theory'' actually is about pictures in several important senses, and that it offers a more rigorous and logical model of graphic meaning than many later theories.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1996:ECB, author = "Anonymous", title = "Editorial Correspondence. {Business} Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = jan, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:46:27 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N1_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Page images in V30N2_1996_E.pdf are cropped, losing almost all page %%% numbers. @Article{Kac:1996:I, author = "Eduardo Kac", title = "Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "98--101", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:55:30 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rosenberg:1996:IDS, author = "Jim Rosenberg", title = "The Interactive Diagram Sentence: Hypertext as a Medium of Thought", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "102--116", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "Consideration of my work in poetry over more than twenty-five years begins with an analysis of the difficulties of juxtaposition for the poet. A diagram syntax notation provides a method for juxtapositions to be included in larger structures; the accessibility of structural elements in a diagram allows for such constructions as internal relationships and feedback loops. Juxtaposition itself, with no sacrifice of intelligibility, is achieved through an interactive device called a simultaneity. Finally the interactive diagram sentence is explored as a vehicle for hypertext as a medium of thought: this is a truly ``native'' mode of entirely non-linear thought.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bootz:1996:PM, author = "Philippe Bootz", title = "Poetic Machinations", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "118--137", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "The article first recalls the historical evolution of computer poetry which, from Th{\'e}o Lutz (1959) to alire (1989), evolves from experimentation to cultural entity. The emphasis is placed on the French evolution through its main expressions, which are the A.L.A.M.O., the first telematic review Art-Access the Les Immat{\'e}riaux exhibition and the birth of L.A.I.R.E., a difference of viewpoints, of approaches and of the space given by the authors to computer poetry concerning the arts, the machine and the text. This progressive differentiation of focus questions approaches which were thought to be unchanging, regarding the notions of text, reader and author. This questioning started with the A.L.A.M.O. and progressed with L.A.I.R.E. Its description and the expression of the answers it proposes requires a new critical approach to the notion of text, more anchored in a communication pattern which has been developing since 1993 and whose present state is summed up in the third part. The article ends by demonstrating that the smooth running of alire is the full expression of what these new answers imply.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{deMeloeCastro:1996:V, author = "E. M. {de Melo e Castro}", title = "Videopoetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "138--149", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper is a theoretical approach to videopoetry. The concept of videopoetry as distinct from videoart came as the result of experimenting with video for creative and poetic production using verbal and nonverbal signs in 1968. It was not until 1985 that I had the opportunity to develop a new body of video work. Videopoetry soon became a new kind of poetry in its own right, with its own grammar and semantics. Thus videopoetry is a challenge for poets and readers as we are drifting away from Mallarm{\'e}'s galaxy and cannot escape the worldwide information sphere.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Vallias:1996:WUD, author = "Andras Vallias", title = "We Have not Understood {Descartes}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "150--157", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "The author describes his involvement with digital media and the origins of his conception of the ``diagrammatic'' poem; he reflects on what he considers to be a poem in tune with today's computerized society.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gyori:1996:VP, author = "Ladislao Pablo Gy{\"o}ri", title = "Virtual Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "158--163", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:55:30 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cayley:1996:BCP, author = "John Cayley", title = "Beyond Codexspace: Potentialities of Literary Cybertext", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "164--183", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "The application of cybertextual technologies to experimental poetics is the context for this brief exposition of my machine modulated literary work. I invoke theoretical issues of cybertext but these are not extensively explored. Instead, I raise issues crucial to the work described here --- the role of (literary) text in cyberspace; silent reading in new visible language media; the confusions of computer as medium; the limitations of link-node hypertext; the shifting relationships between writer, reader and programmer; multi- and non-linear poetics; and the engagement of contemporary poetics with cybertext. The major part of the exposition then focuses on the work itself and certain of its future potentialities, with occasional reference to the more general, theoretical concerns.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kac:1996:H, author = "Eduardo Kac", title = "Holopoetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "184--212", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay discuses a new poetic language invented by the author in 1983 based on innovative use of the holographic medium. The essay defines what a holopoem is and explains the fundamental concepts of holopoetics. It proceeds to introduce theoretical principles that address the new readerly experience created by the holotext. A descriptive list of all holopoems created to date is provided, followed by an explanation of the author's writing processes and techniques. The essay concludes with observations concerning the future of holopoetry and other forms of innovative new media poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Vos:1996:NMP, author = "Eric Vos", title = "New Media Poetry --- Theory and Strategies", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "214--233", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "Going beyond the mere employment of new communication technologies in the production of poetic texts, new media poetry integrates characteristics of the new media in the theoretical basis of its poetics. This paper outlines this basis and shows how it affects poetic and verbal conventions, particularly with respect to the constitution of texts and the roles of author and reader, and with regard to its implications for our views on language. The author thus contends that the innovative force of new media poetry lies not in the communicative channels used (e.g., computers, video, holography) per se, but in the exploration of their ramifications for syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of verbal/poetic communication in general. This view is further developed through a discussion of some writing strategies of new media poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kac:1996:SW, author = "Eduardo Kac", title = "Selected Webliography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "234--237", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:55:30 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1996:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "238--238", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:55:30 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1996:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "2", pages = "239--239", month = may, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 14:55:30 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N2_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kostelanetz:1996:PFS, author = "Richard Kostelanetz", title = "A Poetry-film Storyboard: Transformations", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "244--245", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "Richard Kostelanetz's A Poetry-film Storyboard: Transformations is presented in this issue of Visible Language as a flip book in which the beginning of the poem can be read quickly thumbing the right hand pages from front to back, then thumbing the left hand pages from back to front for the remainder of the poem. The poem continues the tradition of concrete poetry in which Kostelanetz has been active for years.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sless:1996:BIP, author = "David Sless", title = "Better Information Presentation: Satisfying Customers?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "246--267", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "A recent debate among information designers has created a false dichotomy between the performance and the aesthetics of design. This paper links the two by using the moral-aesthetic dimension of conversation to characterize the information design. Designs which have been improved using theory and methodologies developed at the Communication Research Institute of Australia give users a sense that designers respect and care about both the design and the user. This is because by seeing design as a kind of conversation, the information designer introduces particular moral and aesthetic features into the methodology and the design. These allow the user to interact with the presented information and generate meanings. Care must be taken about the kind of conversational relationship that is used, since not all conversations are good in the required senses. Information design is a highly interventionist practice and designers have a moral responsibility towards users.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Walker:1996:DBB, author = "Sue Walker and Viv Edwards and Ruth Blacksell", title = "Designing Bilingual Books for Children", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "268--283", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "The Multilingual Resources for Children Project undertaken at the University of Reading, examines the problems of relating and controlling dual language texts so that the reader perceives the two texts as equally important. The Project was concerned with five languages: Chinese, Gujarati, Bengali, Urdu and Panjabi --- the most widely used languages other than English in the United Kingdom. The interdisciplinary team of teachers, linguists and typographers, along with speakers of the project languages, worked to ensure the development of accurate and functional language resources for multilingual schools.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nissani:1996:AAW, author = "Moti Nissani", title = "The Apprenticeship Approach to Writing Instruction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "284--313", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay begins by reviewing the nature of apprenticeship in non-writing contexts. It then describes, distinguishes and illustrates the apprenticeship, traditional and process approaches to writing instruction. After surveying evidence that apprenticeship provides a more promising model of writing instruction than any other contemporary approach, this essay highlights a few practical applications of this model to writing instruction. This essay concludes that apprenticeship comes closer than other contemporary models to providing an over-arching paradigm of writing instruction. The apprenticeship model is consistent with much of what we know about both language and learning; it promises to make writing instruction more enjoyable and fruitful to both learners and teachers; it resolves such perennial controversies as the place of literature, explicit teaching, grammar and self-awareness in the composition classroom; and it assimilates the best features of traditional and process instruction while avoiding most of their pitfalls.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Storkerson:1996:JTL, author = "Peter Storkerson", title = "{Jan Tschichold} and the Language of Modernism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "314--339", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", abstract = "In The New Typography, Jan Tschichold explicates a functionalist and information based theory of typographic design and demonstrates its application in numerous typographic examples of varied genres. This article recounts that typographic position as it is developed in The New Typography, analyzes Tschichold's style of visual communication, and considers subsequent developments, particularly at Ulm, in terms of the modernist commitment to functionalism, and the changing roles of information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1996:BRK, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Reviews: {Ken Garland, \booktitle{Mr. Beck's Underground Map: a History}. Middlesex: Capital Transport Publishing: 1995, illustrated, limited edition, \pounds 10.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "340--345", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 15:08:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Blatner:1996:BRJ, author = "Adam Blatner", title = "Book Review: {Johanna Drucker, \booktitle{The Alphabetic Labyrinth: The Letters in History and Imagination}. New York: Thames \& Hudson: 1995. 322 pages, illustrated, \$45.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "346--352", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 15:08:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1996:VPE, author = "Anonymous", title = "Virtuoso penmanship: examples from the early 1700s", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "353--353", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 15:08:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1996:BR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "354--361", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 15:08:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1996:NPM, author = "Anonymous", title = "Notes on the Preparation of a Manuscript", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "362--363", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 15:08:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1996:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to Volume 30", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "364--365", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 15:08:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1996:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "366--367", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 15:08:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gibbons:1996:LE, author = "Charles Gibbons and Paul Shaw and Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Letters to the {Editor}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "30", number = "3", pages = "368--368", month = sep, year = "1996", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 15:08:16 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Poggenpohl:1995:BVD}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V30N3_1996_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1997:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:06:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miller:1997:WAG, author = "Errol Miller", title = "What Avant-Garde May be", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "4--5", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:06:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baron:1997:TLWa, author = "Naomi S. Baron", title = "Thinking, Learning and the Written Word", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "6--37", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "The structures and functions of writing have evolved in profound ways over the past several millennia. In the process, linkages between spoken and written language continue to change. This study explores symbiotic relationships between writing and cognition, social transformations, theories of pedagogy and technology, and hazards several projections about future development of the written word.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kanawati:1997:HCL, author = "Dianne G. Kanawati", title = "How Can {I} Be Literate: Counting the Ways", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "38--51", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "The author has counted the various kinds of ``literacies'' used by educational scholars as titles on papers indexed in the ERIC database 1980--1994. The resulting 197 different literacies are listed and divided into five categories: literacy on a topic (computer literacy), literacy among certain people (prison literacy), literacy for a certain purpose (functional literacy), the ability to handle materials in a certain format in literate ways (Braille literacy) and levels of literacy (basic literacy).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Haussamen:1997:PPD, author = "Brock Haussamen", title = "Puns, Public Discourse and Postmodernism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "52--61", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "Over the last few decades, puns have become increasingly common in commercial texts ranging from print advertising (``Campbell's has something that will bowl you over'') to T-shirts (``The Puck Stops Here''). The trend is surprising both because the pun is an intricate as well as a literary device and because advertisers usually avoid the risks of using humor as a selling strategy. The appeal of the pun appears to be its stylishness, which provided it with a place in the pop art movement and the culture of the 1960s, and its simultaneity, which has made it the print medium's competitor of the attention-grabbing television commercial. Recent studies argue that the word play of T-shirts and bumper stickers represent a non-establishment, anti-elitist voice. But in this essay the author suggests that puns used by both corporate advertisers and car owners alike reflect a commercial influence on the language of public texts all across the culture, and a mingling of business and art that is characteristic of postmodernism.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miller:1997:HPH, author = "Errol Miller", title = "How Poetry Happens", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "62--63", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:06:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hayes:1997:BAU, author = "Kevin J. Hayes", title = "The Book in {American Utopia} Literature, 1883--1917", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "64--84", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "Many utopia writers emphasized the book's importance in any ideal world. Some imagined ways to enhance the book aesthetically. Many imagined new written languages ranging from sign systems analogous to Chinese ideograms to syllabic writing, modified alphabetic systems and phonetic languages. Though utopia writers asserted the value of their imaginary written languages for enhancing thought and communication, each system, if implemented, would alter the reading process profoundly. In some utopias, technological media supersede the codex. Those who incorporated the phonograph foresaw three possible futures for the phonographic book: in some utopias, the phonographic recording and the printed book coexist; in others, the phonographic book completely replaces the codex; yet in others, the phonograph is combined with telephonic or telegraphic communication.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miller:1997:AE, author = "Errol Miller", title = "Attempting to Explain", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "86--87", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:06:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McGuinne:1997:SD, author = "Dermot McGuinne", title = "Simply a Dot", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "88--107", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:02 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "Historically Gaelic, the vernacular language of a significant proportion of the population of Ireland, used a variation of the roman alphabet which consisted of just eighteen basic letters --- the vowels and some consonants carried diacritical marks of accent and aspiration which extended the range of sounds they represented. With the introduction of cast metal moveable type the particular requirements of printing Irish language texts were met either through the production of specially prepared fonts of irish character types based on distinctive Irish manuscript models or alternatively through the use of existing or adjusted roman fonts. This account seeks to examine some of the significant attempts made at accommodating roman fonts to the perceived requirements of the Irish language in the context of various social and political considerations which were inevitably imposed on this process.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miller:1997:P, author = "Errol Miller", title = "Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "108--109", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:06:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Skelly:1997:DN, author = "Barbara Louise Skelly", title = "Designer's Note", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "110--110", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:06:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Burnhill:1997:E, author = "Peter Burnhill", title = "To the {Editor}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "111--111", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:06:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Burnhill comments on the importance for reading of horizontal and vertical space and dimensions.", } @Article{Anonymous:1997:ECBa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Editorial Correspondence. {Business} Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "1", pages = "112--112", month = "Winter", year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:06:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N1_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1997:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "114--114", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:20:04 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Winkler:1997:LEG, author = "Dietmar Winkler", title = "Loss of an Empire\slash Gaining Another?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "116--125", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "The opening article in the special issue, Interactivity, Interconnectivity, and Media, takes the high ground in examining the largest and most far-reaching cultural issues associated with the building and maintenance of knowledge. The book with its long development and well understood conventions is being challenged by hypermedia with its as yet unformed conventions for use, while vested interests vie for power and control of information dissemination and storage. Traditional issues of standardization, verification and authenticity solved by the instructions of the book are reopened as issues by hypermedia. Language itself is being reexamined. Much is at stake, as the cultural transition from paper to screen will involve all disciplines in developing new rhetorical rules, behavioral conventions and evaluation modes. All instructions will need to prepare their constituents for a hyperactive data world.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Storkerson:1997:HAM, author = "Peter Storkerson and Janine Wong", title = "Hypertext \& The Art of Memory", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "126--157", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "Intelligibility has emerged as a persistent difficulty in interactive multimedia and hypermedia. While much discussion has focused in screen design and readability, intelligibility is a deeper problem that the hypertext literature has disregarded. Before literacy was widely used as a method for retaining information. This mnemonic method, both visual and symbolic, was used to map new information onto familiar and symbolically significant structures which provided frames for the organization and interrelations within informational clusters, More than computer metaphor, The Art if Memory is presented to offer insight into intelligibility. It is offered as a model for the non-text based organization of multimedia presentation: one that can provide semantic contexts within which communications are intelligible.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stone:1997:ESC, author = "Greg Stone", title = "Exploring the Special Communications Experiences of Online Education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "158--181", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "This article will explore how this latest medium is the same as --- and differs from --- past methods. It will d'raw on the experience of the author and colleagues in developing and teaching in UMass Dartmouth's unique `CyberEd' program which has used the Internet --- primarily the World Wide Web and email --- to deliver a wide range of course materials in an interactive format that encourages student/ student and student/ faculty exchanges both asynchronously and synchronously. This article briefly delineates the philosophical foundations of this program; the attempts to implement those foundation principles within the constrains of current Internet technology; anecdotal examples gleaned from the preparation and presentation of course materials and some conclusions that can be inferred from these experiences.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rasheed:1997:CMI, author = "Thomas Rasheed and Leif Allmendinger", title = "A Conceptual Model of Interactive Exhibits for {African--American} Children", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "182--199", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "The goal of this study is to help exhibition designers incorporate interactivity into their exhibits. In order to do this, we propose a model of interactivity that can be used to generate concept sketches for exhibits in a broad range of subjects, and we demonstrate how this model may be applied in designing exhibits for African--American children. Our model accounts for task, visitor motivation and cognitive mode, looking at two alternative ways an exhibit could account for each of these components. The relative benefits of each alternative are explored and a design model which intersects task, motivation and cognitive mode in a three-dimensional matrix is proposed, This matrix yields eight distinct ways to design an interactive exhibit. In order to demonstrate how this model can be applied to design exhibits for African--American children, we present case studies illustrating some of the possible uses.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Twarog:1997:IIA, author = "Carl Twarog", title = "Inclusive Interaction: Ability Enhancing Multimedia Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "200--213", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "This article presents issues raised in designing an interactive multimedia software interface as a teaching aid for an inclusive preschool user group. Issues such as: message variance caused by the disappearance of information when media access varies by user; finding commonalities across a broad user base out of which to build viable interface metaphors; among others, are presented within the description of the project team's approach to human computer interaction design. The software project is a cooperative project between East Carolina University School of Art's Environmental Design Program and School of Education's Remedial Education Activity Program, an inclusion preschool open to children with all levels of motor, sensory and cognitive ability, including typical children.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gromala:1997:VAS, author = "Diana J. Gromala", title = "Virtual Avatars: Subjectivity in Virtual Environments", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "214--229", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "From the computer-mediated realms of on-line `chats' to immersive virtual reality (VR), the experiential aspects of cyberspace generally, and VR in particular, seems to confound description and provoke discourses revolving around issues of identity, human agency and the body. These experiences both reify and disrupt boundaries between the `real' and `virtual' worlds. Screen-based multimedia often assumes the user is in a fixed position, capable interaction on a limited basis. Thus, there is little or no need to represent the user-he or she is simply a point-of-view, able to interact through a simple representation of a mouse or cursor. In computer-mediated multi-participant worlds, which range from text-based MOOs and graphical chats to three-dimensional and immersive VR, the user must choose an avatar to define and distinguish herself as a discrete entity. Thus, avatars are the very site where a user brings, modifies, problematizes and constructs a sense of self as distinct from others. Yet, the avatar is representations. This paper examines notions of subjectivity as they relate to users' experience, particularly through their representations, or `avatars,' as a specific site of technological intervention in subjectivity.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1997:BRM, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {M. Christine Boyer 1996. \booktitle{Cybercities, Visual Perception in the Age of Electronic Communication}. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1996. 245 pages, cloth, \$19.95. ISBN 1-56898-048-5}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "231--233", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:20:04 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1997:BRA, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {Alberto Manguel, \booktitle{A History of Reading}, New York: Viking, 1996. 372 pages, cloth, illustrated, \$26.95. ISBN 0-670-84302-4}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "234--236", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:20:04 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1997:BR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "237--241", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:20:04 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% pages 242--247 are advertisements, and page 248 is blank @Article{Anonymous:1997:NPM, author = "Anonymous", title = "Notes on the Preparation of a Manuscript", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "249--251", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:20:04 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1997:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "252--253", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:20:04 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1997:WAW, author = "Anonymous", title = "Website Announcement [{\tt www.id.iit.edu/visiblelanguage}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "2", pages = "255--255", month = may, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:20:04 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N2_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} is now available on the Web.", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1997:AB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "258--258", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:48:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3132_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Salen:1997:DRS, author = "Katie Salen and Sharyn O'Mara", title = "Dis[appearances]: Representational Strategies and Operational Needs in Codexspace and Screenspace", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "260--285", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N3_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "The transition from book to screen requires careful and analytical comparison. The structure of the book cannot be simply translated to the space of the screen without consideration of new spatial practices afforded by hypermedia architecture. Unlike the book which appears whole and physically delimited, hypermedia embraces a realm of disappearances where issues of form and navigation undergo redefinition. By asking what concepts are shared by digital and printed document alike we are led to an investigation of possible models for understanding their differences and exploring the implications of the digital document as a textscape.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wallraff:1997:EGT, author = "Martin Wallraff", title = "Early {Greek} Typography in {Milan}: a Historical Note on a New {Greek} Typeface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "286--299", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N3_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "In the early history of Greek typography, the famous Aldine Greeks all too soon superseded other interesting attempts at adapting the Greek alphabet to the new medium of movable type. Among the centers of printing Greek in Italy, Milan deserves particular attention. Here in 1476, the first book to be printed entirely in Greek initiated a series of typefaces that were both suitable for the new medium and genuinely Greek, since they were based on contemporary penmanship. So it is to be welcomed that a modern revival of one of these typefaces has been created under the name of ``Milan Greek.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gibson:1997:TCA, author = "Michael Gibson", title = "Teaching Critical Analytical Methods in the Digital Typography Classroom", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "300--325", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N3_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "Digital technology enables designers to physically create almost anything imaginable, yet students still need to critically consider and evaluate their communication design in the context of metaphoric, ethical, historical and paradigmatic perception. Students must engage in processes of critical analysis with regard to their work. They must be taught to evolve contextually based criteria regarding why they accept what they accept, and why they reject what they reject. Without this background, they are slaves to technology. An example of a studio project designed to help students: (1) utilize the digital environment to organize typography and images that represent the socio-political context their solutions were required to identify, and (2) explore the empirical variables that help their readers to access and effectively contemplate the content presented by their text is disclosed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wendt:1997:EHA, author = "Dirk Wendt and Wiebke Groggel and Georg Gutschmidt", title = "On the Effectiveness of Highlighting Ads in Telephone Directories by Color", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "326--337", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V31N3_1997_E.pdf", abstract = "Ads in simulated telephone directory pages were highlighted in red, green and blue colors, and presented to readers in order to be recalled and to be recognized among other ads. Stimulus material included both pages with one highlighted ad on the page and with five ads on the same page. Results indicate that red and green highlighting increase the recallability and recognizability whereas highlighting in blue decreases it. With more than one ad on a page to be recalled and recognized, the success of highlighting depends also on the position of the ad on the page. If there are more highlighted ads on the page, it is advisable to highlight it in a different color or not at all.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kostelanetz:1997:BRS, author = "Richard Kostelanetz", title = "Book Review: Sloppy ``Scholarship'': {{\booktitle{The Century of Artists' Books}} by Johanna Drucker. New York: Granary Books, 1995. ISBN 1-887123-01-6. 377 pages, hardbound, illustrated, \$35}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "338--342", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:48:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3132_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:1997:BRE, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Encyclopedia of the Book}}, Geoffrey Ashall Glaister. London: The British Library, cloth. \pounds 65, paperback \pounds 35. United States: Oak Knoll Press, \$75. ISBN 1-884718-15-9. 550 pages, 260 $ \times $ 180mms}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "343--344", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:48:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3132_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1997:BRP, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: Practice with Philosophy: {{\booktitle{Design Writing Research}}, Ellen Lupton and J. Abbott Miller. New York: Kiosk, 1996. ISBN 1-56898-047-7. 211 pages, hardbound, illustrated, some in color, \$45}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "345--348", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:48:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3132_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1997:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to Volume 31", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "349--350", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:48:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3132_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1997:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "31", number = "3", pages = "351--352", month = nov, year = "1997", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 17:48:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V3132_1997_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Page images in V32N1_1998_E.pdf are cropped, losing some of the page %%% numbers. @Article{Poggenpohl:1998:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:15:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1998:TSE, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Twenty-Six Not-So-Easy Pieces", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "5--32", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper was delivered at the ATypI Conference in the United Kingdom at the University of Reading in September, 1997. Using an abecedary order, the challenge and future of language, typography and technology in various juxtapositions are examined. Implicit in the presentation is a critical posture that includes comparison of book and screen, comparison of typographic history and future, the need for language reform and user studies and an examination of technology's broad impact on human communication. The twenty-six not-so-easy pieces are intended to make unexpected connections and to provide critical commentary on current practice and expectation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miller:1998:RH, author = "Errol Miller", title = "Ripples on the Horizon", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "33--33", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:15:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %% Volume 32 number 1 page 34 is blank @Article{Baron:1998:WAE, author = "Naomi S. Baron", title = "Writing in the Age of Email: The Impact of Ideology versus Technology", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "35--53", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "Tracing social change and the evolution of writing, the American writing curriculum provides the base for an argument that considers changing ideology as a strong factor in shaping contemporary views about composition and technique in writing. Technology alone, the author argues, is not responsible for what is an increasingly oral approach to written language. Emergent dimensions of email that alter communication access, social interaction and response are examined as contributory factors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miller:1998:SD, author = "Errol Miller", title = "The Seventh Day", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "54--55", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:15:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Balhorn:1998:PRN, author = "Mark Balhorn", title = "Paper Representations of the Non-Standard Voice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "56--74", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "People in the popular press as well as academia have some wrong ideas about how dialect renderings in literature evoke a non-standard voice. They think that graphic representations of dialect have a literal oral counterpart and that the worth of a dialect rendering lies in how accurately it depicts the spoken dialect in question. This paper demonstrates that linguistic accuracy is not and can never be a primary goal of writers who create effective renderings. The primary semiotic potential of dialect renderings lies in the indexical meaning they derive from their opposition to standard written English, rather than in linguistic detail. Consequently, whether a writer is a speaker of the dialect in question or not has little impact on the effectiveness of the literary dialect rendering. When the renderings of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century white writers of dialect are compared with those of contemporary writers who purportedly speak the dialects in question, we see that though the authors of yesteryear and today often differ in the number and kind of features they choose to represent, neither can be said to be more accurate than the other.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miller:1998:SR, author = "Errol Miller", title = "Self-Realization", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "76--77", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:15:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Golec:1998:CBR, author = "Michael Golec", title = "Cloth-Bound Reverie", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "78--92", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "``Cloth-Bound Reverie'' constructs scenes of interaction between subjects (readers, collectors, writers) and books. Privately or publicly collected, books are objects with rich and diverse histories. From art to science to history to literature to romance, books yield an array of topics. But what is the object of the book? What is this bound gathering of paper besides a textual information receptacle? This essay answers this question by proposing that a subject's interaction (reading, collecting, writing) with a book is an occasion for signification. As such, the book is considered as both artifact and index; its existence signals manifold meanings beyond the text contained within. From its conception, to its design, to its reproduction, the book is a material presence. And yet it causes immaterial experiences such as recollection, inspiration and knowledge, to name but a few. Despite our digital age, the concrete object, the book, will endure precisely because of this dialectic of material and immaterial.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miller:1998:CP, author = "Errol Miller", title = "The Crowbar Principle", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "93--94", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:15:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "1", pages = "95--96", month = jan, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:15:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N1_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1998:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "2", pages = "98--98", month = may, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:27:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N2_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Karow:1998:ECD, author = "Peter Karow", title = "Extending Control of Digital Typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "2", pages = "100--127", month = may, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N2_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "Increasing refined typographic fit is possible in digitally composed documents. While micro-typography in current documents is crudely shrunk or expanded to solve problems of typographic distribution or fit, the result is both obvious and ugly. In contrast, the system presented in this article solves space problems quietly and harmoniously. Using eight interactive parameters, the author visually demonstrates and discusses the strategy for paragraph-fit, page-fit, chapter-fit and one-page-fit. These practical additions to control micro-typography increase the speed and quality of overall document production and ease the task of the reader.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lucke:1998:CDB, author = "Karsten L{\"u}cke", title = "Customized Digital Books on Demand: Issues in the creation of a flexible document format", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "2", pages = "128--149", month = may, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N2_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "Articles dealing with documents on demand tend to presume a static digital format, i.e., a scanned page. In contrast, this article discusses a flexible document format subject to user specification based on particular reading needs or habits. The author argues for digitally created masters which ensure access to old, rare, out-of-print or otherwise inaccessible information at the same time they authenticate the accuracy of the data. Issues relating to format construction, the implications for the user/reader and the publisher/service bureau are explored.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Dyson:1998:ELL, author = "Mary C. Dyson and Gary J. Kipping", title = "The Effects of Line Length and Method of Movement on Patterns of Reading from Screen", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "2", pages = "150--181", month = may, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N2_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper describes two experiments that explore the effect of line length (a factor influencing the legibility of print) and paging versus scrolling from screen. Long lines (100 characters) were found to be read faster than very short lines (25 characters), while comprehension remained constant. People's judgments of the ease of reading different line lengths did not correlate with their performance. The long lines were considered least easy to read, and moderate line lengths (55 characters per line) easiest to read. When scrolling, people adopted various reading patterns which influenced reading rate. These results could not be predicted from literature on the legibility of print and suggest that designing for screen may need to be approached in a different way. The potential effects of differences between screen and paper need to be carefully considered.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Winkler:1998:BRW, author = "Dietmar Winkler", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Writing and Its Use}}. An International Handbook of International Research Volumes 1 and 2. Hartmut Gunter and Otto Ludwig, editors. Compiled in collaboration with J. Baurmann, F. Coulmas, K. Ehlich, P. Eisenberg, H. W. Giese, H. Gluck, K. B. Gunther, U. Knoop, B. Pompino-Marschall, E. Scheerer and R. Weingarten. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996. ISBN 3-11-011129-2. Volume 1: 902 pages, hardbound, illustrated, some in color, \$532.00. ISBN 3-11-014744-0. Volume 2: 863 pages, hardbound, illustrated, approximately 50 figures in black and white, \$482.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "2", pages = "184--188", month = may, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:27:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N2_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1998:BRU, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{User-Centered Graphic Design: Mass Communication and Social Change}}. Jorge Frascara. London: Taylor and Francis, 1997. ISBN 0-7484-0672-7. 147 pages, softbound, illustrated, one color, \$44.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "2", pages = "188--190", month = may, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:27:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N2_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1998:BRF, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Footnote*: *A curious history}}, Anthony Grafton. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-674-90215-7. 242 pages, hardbound, \$22.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "2", pages = "190--191", month = may, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:27:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N2_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "2", pages = "192--193", month = may, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:27:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N2_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1998:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "194--194", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:40:07 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1998:VRI, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Visual Rhetoric: an Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "197--199", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1998:DDR, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Doubly Damned, Rhetorical and Visual", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "200--233", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "Rhetoric has long been in ill repute. This article traces its decline and the underlying social changes that hassened its slow and then precipitous fall from grace. The need for a reconstructed rhetoric is argued. Distrust of the visual is then faced head-on in order to create the context for considering a visual rhetoric and its larger role in design in general. The fundamental perspective put forth by the author is that abstraction and scientific reductionism fail to address and support issues of human agency. Design has the ability to create prototypes that demonstrate by example a possible future result. Further, these prototypes support discourse and decision making in direct and understandable ways. Such prototypes are rhetorical.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brizuela:1998:TOR, author = "Alejandro Brizuela", title = "Tale of the Origin: a Rhetorical Visual Analysis of a {Mexican} Mythical Tale", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "234--255", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "A contemporary designer pays homage to the ancient codex designers or Tlacuilo. ``Tale of the origin'' is a Mesoamerican science-religion story of the beginning and end of life. The myth is presented first as a Spanish language artist's book in a documentary style. Key moments and characters in the myth are symbolically visualized. This document is then analyzed and interpreted using rhetoric as a subtext or key to understanding the ideas of the myth as well as the visual structure of the unfolding story and book. Yet another subtext translates the myth into English.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{NavarroTapia:1998:PCS, author = "Claudia {Navarro Tapia}", title = "Pre-{Columbian} Stamps: Pintaderas", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "256--263", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "Three pre-Columbian pintaderas, or stamps, are analyzed rhetorically to reveal their visual meaning for a contemporary audience.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{GonzalezdeCosio:1998:RL, author = "M{\'a}ria {Gonz{\'a}lez de Cos{\'\i}o}", title = "Rhetoric in Logotypes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "264--279", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "Three dimensions of analysis --- unity, coherence and emphasis, along with an explicit listing of denotation and connotation and a rhetorical analysis --- provide a framework within which student designed logotypes are examined. Consideration of audience background knowledge and interpretive ability is also a primary consideration.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Salazar:1998:PNC, author = "Martha Salazar", title = "The Peso: National Currency as Rhetoric", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "280--293", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", abstract = "The Mexican national identity, as presented on its paper currency, is examined rhetorically. Three notes, the 50, 100 and 200 serve to demonstrate notable historic and geographic conditions. Individually and collectively they form allegorical stories of the past and the present.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:SRB, author = "Anonymous", title = "Subscription rates. {Back} copies. {Copyright} Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "294--294", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:40:07 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:ECB, author = "Anonymous", title = "Editorial Correspondence. {Business} Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "295--295", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:40:07 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1998:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index To Volume 32", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "296--297", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:15:49 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %% Volume 32, number 3, pages 298--301 are photos and advertisements @Article{Gibbons:1998:ND, author = "Charles Gibbons and John Nordyke", title = "A Note on the Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "32", number = "3", pages = "302--302", month = sep, year = "1998", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 18 18:40:07 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V32N3_1998_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kostelanetz:1999:RDH, author = "Richard Kostelanetz", title = "Remembering {Dick Higgins} (1938--1998)", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "3--3", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "4--4", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kostelanetz:1999:TYV, author = "Richard Kostelanetz", title = "Thirty Years of Visible Writing: a Memoir", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "6--41", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "An historical account of Richard Kostelanetz's significant contribution to visual literature and the development of intermedial/linguistic experimentation unfolds in this article in his own words. Reflections on the history of his intentions, their development, reception and critical thoughts frame this still largely unheralded aspect of expressive visible language. He continues exploring the materiality of language through collaborations that take him into technologies dealing with dimensions beyond the page and even the single screen. Thirty years of work and change are considered.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beckman:1999:ACT, author = "Laurel Beth Beckman", title = "{ASCII} Classroom, a text dependent investigation of the studio art classroom", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "42--51", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "Late twentieth century art (visual) education, in particular urban college art programs, figure in the continuum of questioning authority (authorship, originality and the concrete). This erosion of certainty has pointed faith back to the experiential consider current debates about ``embodied'' art experience, for example. While the delicate line between an appealingly non-verbal experience and the disfavored notion of spiritual elevation continues to employ critics, art practice in the classroom can be addressed as the curious fruit of the following (immaterial+material) couplings: (1) 60's idealism - 90's economy (2) theoretical writing --- object making (3) information --- knowledge (4) disposable income --- apprenticeship", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McLeer:1999:ALA, author = "Brigid McLeer", title = "Axis --- a line about which a body, Contextualizing photo-text work", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "52--73", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "The ways in which photographs and text alter each other's meaning and recontextualize the viewer/reader's understanding is explored through three photographs by Helen Ford and Dave Morrel, Paul O'Neill and Jenny Holzer. Difference in language, in processing, in reference underscore the conflicting operations of viewing and reading. This conflict or struggle is seen as an inherent quality of cross-disciplinarity and is used to describe a new context for photot-text work situating it ``in between'' overlapping and diverging formal historical and critical discourses. Colliding the materiality of this struggling with a multiplicity of subjective positions from which it can be negotiated, ``Axis \ldots{}'' articulates photographic and text based work as a live and shifting territory that resists being fixed by traditional boundaries of practice and theory.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frascara:1999:CEO, author = "Jorge Frascara", title = "Cognition, Emotion and Other Inescapable Dimensions of Human Experience", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "74--89", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "There is an Aristotelic tradition in cognitive psychology, information design and artificial intelligence, to understand human information processing as a mechanism, that is, as a complicated system, ultimately explainable on the basis of the understanding of every one of its multiple components and their interactions. Instead of looking at human information processing as a complicated system, I propose to look at it as a complex system, distinguishing for this paper the complicated from the complex; the first being composed by a high number of discrete parts with many interconnections --- as in a computer circuit --- the second being an integrated system where everything affects everything --- as in the relation between two people. Since I have chosen as my theme the contextualization of cognition with other human factors, I will be dealing with the complex and I will therefore not attempt to enumerate parts and connections. I will instead concentrate on certain insights about field interactions that I hope will reposition our understanding of mental processes, moving it from an analysis of logical steps to the exploration of the influence that contexts have on human cognitive performance.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRDa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Design Culture: an Anthology of Writing from the AIGA journal of Graphic Design}}, Steven Heller and Marie Finamore, editors. New York: Allworth Press, 1997. ISBN 1-80559-71-4. 304 pages. softbound, \$19.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "91--91", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRG, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Graphic Design Sources}}, Kenneth V. Hiebert, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-300-07461-1. 214 pages, softbound, illustrated: 140 full color and 440 one color, \S45.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "91--91", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRDb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Designing books practice and theory}}, Jost Hochuli and Robin Kinross. London: Hyphen Books, 1996. ISBN 0-9072759-08-1. 168 pager, hardbound, illustrated in two colors, \$40.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "92--93", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRDc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Dimensional Typography: Case Studies on the Shape of Letters in Virtual Environments}}, J. Abbott Miller. Princeton: Kiosk Report (Princeton Architectural Press), 1996. ISBN 1-56898-089-2. 6o pages, softbound, illustrated in various colors, \$11.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "94--94", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRH, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{A History of Communication Study: a Biographical Approach}}, Everett M. Rogers. New York: The Free Press, 1997. ISBN 0-684-84001-4.. 576 pages, softbound, \$18.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "94--94", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRT, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Typographis Polyglotta: A Comparative Study in Multilingual Typesetting}}, George Sadek and Maxim Zhukov. New York: The Cooper Union, 1991. 40 pages, softbound, \$11.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "95--95", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1999:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = jan, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:26:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N1_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Weiss:1999:SWH, author = "Irving Weiss", title = "She Was Here a Moment Ago", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "101--101", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:42:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Herrick:1999:TDT, author = "Earl Herrick", title = "Toward Disambiguating the Term ``{Roman}''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "102--127", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "The term ``roman,'' when it is used for describing characters of written languages, can be confusing because it is overloaded with four different meanings. This paper distinguishes among these four meanings and suggests alternative terms for each of them. For a character derived from the alphabet originally used for the Latin language, it suggests the term ``Roman/Latin.'' For a character that is not sloped, it suggests the term ``upright.'' For a character having one of a certain group of basic shapes, it suggests the term ``Roman-shaped.'' For a character having the details of shape that are based on certain Roman monumental inscriptions, it suggests the term `` trajanicized.'' These alternative terms are offered in the hope that they can be used, when necessary, to help us avoid confusion when we are discussing the characters of written language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Broglio:1999:BZ, author = "Ron Broglio", title = "Becoming-zoa", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "128--149", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "The political, economic and print machinery of the 1790s brings Blake to a moment of crisis and visionary insight made evident in The Four Zoas. This essay questions the notion that The Four Zoas is simply a manuscript. A look at the complex politics of printing in the 1790s suggests that the Zoas is part of Blake's working through the problems of publication during the reign of a conservative, nationalistic government at war with France. To begin with, The Four Zoas is written on proof sheets of Blake's illustrations to Young's Night Thoughts. This detail leads to an examination of two types of literature in the mid-1790s, state approved literature and state censored literature. Blake's work is at a crossroads between the two since he wants to produce a lavish illuminated folio like the Blake-Edwards edition of Night Thoughts, but also include radical material that would be censored. Standing between printable national literature and banned anti-government works, Blake's Zoas is a highly unstable text which, because of its instability, defies and critiques the political, economic and industrial machinery of publication during the turn of the century. Blake's construction of the Zoas makes the act of reading both traitorous and insightful. Editorial marks, multiple ways of arranging pages, and lined and etched drawings become part of the system of signification for the verbal text. Words, phrases and images in the Zoas are so deeply overdetermined that the reader struggles to produce meaning via ordered patterns of relations without shutting down or shutting out the surplus of possible readings. In order to keep a maximum of possibilities open, I devise a method of reading involving ``vector'' relationships. I use pages 99 and 100 of The Four Zoas as an example of the complex nexus of lines, marks, drawings, words and spacings made visible by a vector reading. Ultimately, Blake envisions that the dizzying experience of reading will open the readers' `` doors of perception,'' challenging the way readers think about texts and the interface between text and world.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hallensleben:1999:WAA, author = "Markus Hallensleben", title = "The Work of Art in the Age of Digital Reproduction: On the relationships between early twentieth century avant-garde movements and new media", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "150--171", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "In this article, which was presented as a paper at the Colloquium Lierature and Media at Nagoya City University on June 16, 1998, I focused on the relationships between the early 20th century avant-garde movements and the new media. I provide some ideas on the influence of avant-garde aesthetics on today's media environment. The article stresses the new media's use of traditional avant-garde techniques such as collage on an internalized and functional basis. The computer is seen as a surrealist network. Art is performed as a bourgeois event. The Internet, which is often considered to be a world wide museum or library, builds a bourgeois institution, which controls the production as well as the reception of art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Presno:1999:SG, author = "Caroline Presno", title = "Screen Gem", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "173--173", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:42:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Art work.", } @Article{Banks:1999:WBC, author = "Colin Banks", title = "What's Been Cooking in the Type Kitchen? {A} report on the {ATypI} conference {MultiType98}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "174--182", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "With a long interest in typography, the author critically reports on the events of the ATypI conference MultiType 98 in Lyons, France.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Weiss:1999:X, author = "Irving Weiss", title = "S", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "183--183", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:42:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Art work.", } @Article{Banks:1999:BRB, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The British Library Guide to Printing, History and Technique}}, Michael Twyman, 1998. ISBN 0-7123-4588-4. Paperback, illustrated, \pounds 9.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "184--186", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:42:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRP, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Pentagram Book Five. Fifty case histories in architecture, graphics, and industrial design from the international consultancy}}, Pentagram, New York: The Monacelli Press, 1999. ISBN 1-58093-003-4 494 pages, hardbound, illustrated in full color, \$90.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "187--189", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:42:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %% Volume 33 number 1 page 190 is blank, page 191 says only Visible Language 33.2 @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "2", pages = "192--192", month = may, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:42:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N2_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:AB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "194--194", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:58:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kim:1999:ERR, author = "Min-Soo Kim", title = "`{An} Eccentric Reversible Reaction`: {Yi Sang}'s Experimental Poetry in the 1930s and Its Meaning to Contemporary Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "196--235", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See correction \cite{Lew:2001:CYS}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "This article bridges east and west by introducing to the western design community the experimental poetry of a Korean avant-garde poet Yi Sang (pen name, Hae-Kyoung Kim, 1910--1937). His experimental poetry from the 1930s, his use of space-time perception and his design sensibilities all contribute to meaning in contemporary design. While many researchers in Korea have investigated his poetry, relatively Iittle insight has been developed regarding his methods and goals for his poems. Trained as an architect, it is my assumption that his strange and often incomprehensible poems from the early 1930s should be interpreted not in the context of textual or literary theory as often supposed, but in the context of visual texts found in such fields as architecture, graphic design and typography. His poetry consists of persistent space-time conceptions as shown in the domain of modern visual arts. By decoding Yi Sang's logics on poetry, we may find how the underlying concept of modern design in the 1930s was encountered by a Korean poet. The 1930s are a legendary period when Korea began to absorb western modernism into its culture, even though it arrived indirectly through Japanese intervention. While this article investigates signs and their inner logic of Korean response to the aesthetic modernism of the 1930s, I argue that even though western modern culture forcefully affected Korean modernists, Yi Sang's creative mind moved beyond modernism and toward deconstruction.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gluth:1999:RSV, author = "Stuart Gluth", title = "{Roxane}, A Study in Visual Factors Effecting Legibility", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "236--253", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "Roxane is an original typeface designed by the author in response to a design analysis of visual attributes that enhance the legibility of font characteristics. The author takes issue with scientific legibility studies which focus on isolating variables to obtain verifiable results, but which are not useful in the more complex and holistic design of specific type faces. Visual analysis of type form attributes and visual principles provide the framework for this more holistic enterprise. The principles and attributes are demonstrated visually throughout the article, ending with Roxane, a typeface developed with these principles in mind.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gibbons:1999:ZRD, author = "Charles Gibbons", title = "{Zealand}, Reflections on Developing a Typeface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "254--283", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "Much of the writing on type design reflects the technical and pragmatic aspects of its production; this approach frequently obscures the human dimension of an already arcane art. Now that computers have put type's tools within the grasp of many, its literature needs to respond in kind. Drawing a parallel between living and working with letters and exploring the natural world --- this article, excerpted from the author's graduate thesis --- offers a literary meditation on the motives for, and experience of, making type.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ferguson:1999:CDA, author = "Lynne Ferguson", title = "{CurioCity}, Developing an `Active Learning' Game", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "284--307", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", abstract = "This case study takes you through a human-centered design process used in developing an `Active Learning' tool, CurioCity, a game for 7th-10th grade students. Used in conjunction with urban field trips, the goal is to better understand multiculturalism and to bridge formal in-school learning with informal field trip learning. This game was developed by a team of three designers that just happened to be multicultural themselves, representing Japan, Korea and the United States as part of the `future of learning' initiative at the Illinois Institute of Technology's Institute of Design in Chicago.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRF, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Fluxus Reader}}, Ken Friedman, Editor. West Sussux, United Kingdom: Academy Editions, 1998 ISBN 0-471-97858-2, 308 pages, no illustrations, \$29.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "309--312", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:58:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:1999:BRI, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Imagining Language, an Anthology}}, Jed Rasula and Steve McCaffery, Editors. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1998. ISBN 0-262-18186-X, 618 pages, hardbound, illustrated, \$55.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "313--315", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:58:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1999:BRN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{A New Dictionary of the Avant-Gardes}}, Richard Kostelanetz, New York: Schirmer/Macmillan. Expected publication in 2000}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "316--317", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:58:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1999:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to Volume 33", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "318--319", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:58:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:1999:JI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "33", number = "3", pages = "319--320", month = oct, year = "1999", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 05:58:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V33N3_1999_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2000:WSIa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Words in Space: an Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "4--7", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "No abstract.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2000:PWK, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl and Sang-Soo Ahn", title = "Preserving Words: The {Korean Tripitaka}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "8--13", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "The Korean Tripitaka, created between 1236 and 1251, becomes the object of a brief Meditation on the ``lastingness'' of the visual record in analog or digital form as expressed through natural or technical materials.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hayes:2000:BIC, author = "Kevin Hayes", title = "Bookcover as Intertitle in the Cinema of {Jean-Luc Godard}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "14--29", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "Jean-Luc Godard used books in his early films as part of his mise-en-sc{\`e}ne, and numerous volumes with clearly legible cover titles appear as part of the diegesis of these films. Starting with Pierre le Fou, however, Godard began to display extreme close-ups of bookcovers that were not part of the diegesis. He turned the cover titles into texts akin to silent film intertitles. His tentative use of these extradiegesis books in Pierrot le Fou became much more thorough in Deux ou trois choses que je sais d'elle. In this film, Godard used several extreme close-ups from Gallimard's Id{\'e}es series, making the cover into found texts that serve to interpret the images that frame them. Most of these book titles in Deux ou trois choses have gone unidentified --- until now. In subsequent films over the next few years, Godard continued to use bookcovers as intertitles, but, by that most im-memorial year of 1968, he began to question the value of print culture for expressing the truth.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Owens:2000:RCW, author = "Mark Owens", title = "Reading the City: Writing and the Construction of Urban Space in {Jem Cohen}'s {{\booktitle{Lost Book Found}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "30--55", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay takes the short film Lost Book Found (1996) by Brooklyn-based film-maker Jem Cohen as an exemplary meditation on the materiality of writing in contemporary urban space. The film brings the materiality of the book form and the textuality of the city into contact through the memory of the narrator, who makes frustrated attempts to ``read'' the city and locate himself in urban space through various forms of writing: handwritten notices and flyers on the street, degraded and palimpsestic typography on the sides of buildings, prices and signs in store windows, various found objects and scraps of paper, blowing garbage tracing patterns on the sidewalk. The essay analyses these scenes of writing with reference to a number of important theorizations of urban space and argues that the film's attention to sites of low-capital exchange and street-level commerce represents an attempt to map the individual's relationship to a volatile urban fabric responding to postindustrial modes of investment and exchange that can occasion the rapid refashioning of entire city blocks. So doing, the film seizes on the spatialization of writing and the materiality of the book form as potentially redemptive sites for grasping the urban future and for understanding the city as a text that is ultimately authored by the material practices of those who walk its streets every day.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wollensak:2000:VP, author = "Andrea Wollensak", title = "Visualizing Place", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "56--75", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "Satellite technologies, specifically Global Postitioning System (GPS), are new tools for naming, orienting, locating and recording movement. As a terrestrial panopticon, GPS permits a mode of performance of `being within' that merges the personal and political and questions contemporary/historical ideologies in defining place. In this paper, I explore these concerns through recent examples of collaborative artworks using GPS technologies. Gesture, memory and notational traces of place reveal a poetics within an absolute lattice of exact individual locality. The literal recording of the individual's place is re-constructed through these projects as the visible communication of the movement of gesture. Instead of constricting language to a narrow navigational-numerical space, the expression/technology relationship becomes a new starting point for aesthetic and semantic creativity.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Patel:2000:BRP, author = "Mookesh Patel", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Printed Bengali Character and its evolution}}, Fiona G. E. Ross. Surrey, United Kingdom: Curzon Press, 1999 ISBN 0-7007-1135-X. 244 pages, hardbound, illustrated: 110 one color}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "77--81", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:22:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2000:BRD, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Domain of Images}}, James Elkins. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8014-3559-5, 282 pages, illustrated one color, cloth, \$45.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "82--86", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:22:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rochon:2000:BRA, author = "Alain Rochon and Sylvie Pouliot", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{ALIRE and DOC(K)S}}, MOTS-VOIR, AKENATON DOC(K)S, and the authors. October 1997. ISSN DOC(K)S 0396-3004. ISSN ALIRE 1260-8750. 258 pages, softbound, illustrated, one color, CD-ROM included email: {\tt akenaton\_docks@sitec.fr}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "87--90", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:22:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2000:BRH, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The History of Counting}}, Denise Schmandt-Besserat. Michael Hays, illustrator. New York: Wm. Morrow \& Company, 1999. ISBN 0-688-141188-8. 48 pages, cloth,ful1 color illustration, \$17.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "91--91", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:22:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2000:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "1", pages = "92--94", month = jan, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:22:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N1_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2000:WSIb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Words in Space: an Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "2", pages = "100--103", month = may, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N2_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "Continuing the special two part series Words in Space, these articles explore yet other themes: transubstantiation (in a secular sense), reference, transformation and freedom. A strong cultural thread runs through these essays. A glance at their images clearly reveals their approach whether vernacular or artful. Each in its own way reminds us of words in space as a cultural event.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shep:2000:REU, author = "Sydney Shep", title = "The Restaurant at This End of the Universe: Edible Typography in {New Zealand}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "2", pages = "104--141", month = may, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N2_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "Large-scale food signage occupies a significant place in the landscape of New Zealand popular culture. As advertising billboard, it charms, distracts, and sells; as roadside marker, it enables simple or complex locating behavior; as outdoor sculptural installation, it functions as tourist commodity, identifying place with the sustainable objects of primary production. This paper examines the role of typography embedded on, dislocated from, and replaced by, edible foodstuffs in the production and consumption of visual culture. It questions why typography is placed on an edible substrate which, when consumed, facilitates both the acquisition of knowledge and its reprocessing into the communication practices of speech and writing. It explores why removable object labeling and separable packaging destabilize this integral and integrated association between food and knowledge, opening up a(n) in/visible space for the manipulation of desire and the politics of dissimulation. And finally, it traces the impulse to replace type with radically over-sized, non-edible representations of edible foodstuffs to create a virtual landscape of timeless, unsatisfied desire.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rogal:2000:SBM, author = "Maria Rogal", title = "South of the Border: Down {Mexico} Way", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "2", pages = "142--161", month = may, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N2_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "For hundreds of miles on I-95 in each direction, from a spot just south of where North and South Carolina meet, travelers are prompted every 30 miles or so by billboards of Pedro reminding them of their imminent approach. Designated by its landmark 110 foot ``Pedro'' sign, South of the Border has provided an amusing, larger-than-life rest stop for over 30 years. Using South of the Border as a point of departure, this article explores how the myth of ``Mexican-ness'' is perpetuated through word and image in space and, to this end, how visual communication reflects the power structure found in the larger culture.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hitchcock:2000:WSB, author = "Lucinda Hitchcock", title = "Word Space\slash Book Space\slash Poetic Space, Experiments in Transformation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "2", pages = "162--197", month = may, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N2_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "The ideas for this paper began to develp during my graduate years at Yale, while working toward the completion of my MFA thesis entitled Visualectics: Toward an Understanding of Words and Space. In an attempt to combine my interests in words (meaning) and design (form) I developed a series of two- and three-dimensional experiments which explored the relationship between words and letters, their materiality and the manner in which their environment can affect the meaning. This paper discusses these ideas as revealed in seven experiments. Further, it discusses the potential use of such explorations in the education of graphic designers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2000:RWS, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Reflections on Words in Space", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "2", pages = "198--218", month = may, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N2_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "Reflecting on the context of orality, secondary orality and visible language itself, this paper explores the return to orality that technology now makes possible, changing words in space (typography) into words in time (spoken language). The impact this shift will have on objects needing instructions for use, museum exhibits, learning materials on the computer and the nature of learning to read, to mention only a few examples, will cause a re-examination of human cognitive capacities and preferences. A substantial difference in listener/reader/viewer control of time is posed as an important discriminatory difference between auditory and visible language, A comparison, beginning with visible language and developed with auditory and acoustic suggestions, is attempted to better understand the contrasting nature of these communication options as available embedded media expands and changes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2000:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "2", pages = "220--222", month = may, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:39:07 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N2_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2000:AB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "226--226", month = sep, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:45:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N3_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wilkerson:2000:GPT, author = "Kyoko Takahasi Wilkerson and Douglas Wilkerson", title = "The Gloss as Poetics: Transcending the Didactic", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "228--263", month = sep, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N3_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "This article examines recent creative uses of the interlinear gloss, or furigana, in Japanese writing. Traditionally used simply to supply pronunciations for Chinese characters, the examples collected and analyzed here make use of several different nonstandard script combinations, and provide poetic tropes or subtle alterations of the glossed text. The unique simultaneity of the relationship between gloss and glossed word, the manipulation of symbolic associations of the various notational systems employed in Japanese and creation of distinctive visual patterns lend support to arguments for the autononmy of the written word.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Golec:2000:TID, author = "Michael Golec", title = "A Typography of Impoverishment: {D. C. McMurtrie}'s Reception of {European} Modernist Typography and an {American} Economic Depression", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "264--279", month = sep, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N3_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper pries into the disclosures of design history by addressing the question of American modernist typography from the blind side as it were. One possible source of leverage, the one I choose for this brief and modest article, is to simply ask the question: What was the temper of typography in light of an economic and social debacle? That it took a modernist case is significant, therefore the queries raised from the nexus of American modernism and economic depression generates a particular course of inquiry beginning with location --- McMurtrie, typography and Chicago.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Seki:2000:ULI, author = "Yusaku Seki", title = "Using Lists to Improve Text Access: The Role of Layout in Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "280--295", month = sep, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N3_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper describes two experiments that explore the effects of different ways of presenting a list in text on readers recall and reading processes. In the first experiment, participants read one of four styles of a list and then were asked to recall the content. The results showed that recall for the separately arranged lists was better than that for the continuously arranged lists, and that there was a difference in reading patterns between the two layouts. The second experiment examined individual reading processes for both separated and continuous layouts with the text presented by computer. It was found that the separated list allowed readers to reread the points selectively, while the continuous list made readers reread the text sequentially. Consequently, readers of the separated list understood the content faster than did those of the continuous list. These findings indicate that the layout of a list affects the way that it is read and understood.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:2000:PLT, author = "James Hartley and Matthew Johnson", title = "Portrait or Landscape? {Typographical} Layouts for Patient Information Leaflets", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "296--309", month = sep, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N3_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "Most text is presented either in a ``portrait'' style (where the height is greater than the width) or in a ``landscape'' one (where the width is greater than the height), but no researcher to our knowledge has compared the effects of these different typographic layouts on readers' comprehension and preferences. The aim of the present study was to assess, in a preliminary way, how patients would respond to a patient information leaflet (PIL) printed in these two formats. The results showed that both leaflet designs were equally effective in conveying their information. However, as the different layouts might support different features within PILS differently, further research is needed to explore the relative virtues of each layout in a variety of different contexts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:2000:MBR, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Making Books: a Review and Critical Commentary: {{\booktitle{Design in British Publishing Since 1945}}, Alan Bartram. London: British Library and Oak Knoll Press, ISBN 1-884718-93-0, 160 pages, 10 $ \times $ 11 inches, illustrated, \$39.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "310--317", month = sep, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N3_2000_E.pdf", abstract = "In additional to reviewing Alan Bartram's book, \booktitle{Design in British Publishing Since 1945}, the author, a design-insider, critically reflects on the quality and decisions that directed publication from editorial, design and economic perspectives.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2000:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index for Volume 34", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "318--319", month = sep, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:45:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N3_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2000:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "34", number = "3", pages = "320--320", month = sep, year = "2000", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 06:45:12 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V34N3_2000_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2001:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:05:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2001:P, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Preface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "4--4", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:05:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Minarelli:2001:FVI, author = "Enzo Minarelli", title = "Foreword: {Voicimage}: an international collection of essays about sound and image in contemporary poetical experimentalism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "5--5", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:05:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Costa:2001:WPS, author = "Mario Costa", title = "The Word of Poetry, Sounds of the Voice and Technology", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "6--11", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "What happened? Which events caused such a sudden, total change? Why are the borders between ``poetry'' and ``music'' so shortened? Why has the pregnancy of the word left the area of signified for that of signifier? These are some of the issues addressed by this author.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Polkinhorn:2001:THS, author = "Harry Polkinhorn", title = "True Heritage: The Sound Image in Experimental Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "12--19", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "The role of the image in experimental poetry is examined through an exploration of poetic reference to human sensory experience. From this vantage point, ``True Heritage'' differentiates sound images from visual images in poetry.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zurbrugg:2001:TPA, author = "Nicholas Zurbrugg", title = "Technology, Polypoetry and the Aura of Poly-performance", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "20--35", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Using extracts from poets and critics alike, the author lets them speak directly, through quotation and poetic offering, demonstrating the pros and cons of aurality in poetic performance. The central question is: How does technology influence poetry and performance? A secondary question concerns the locus of creativity --- is it in the poem itself or the technological investigation. Diverse international artists are presented; Henri Chopin, Stelarc, Robert Wilson, Orlan and others, while the critical writings of Walter Benjamin, Jean Baudrillard and Paul Virilio provide a counterpoint.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zurbrugg:2001:VLA, author = "Nicholas Zurbrugg", title = "Visible Language, Audible Language, Inarticulable Language and the ``Supplementary Signifier''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "36--47", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "An examination of the writings of multimedia practitioner Henri Chopin and the critic Roland Barthes form the core of this essay. Both question the limits of language and the ineffability of human experience. The role of the technological is contrasted to that of the body itself.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Szkarosi:2001:SCH, author = "Endre Szk{\'a}rosi", title = "A Soundscape of Contemporary {Hungarian} Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "48--63", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Arguing that modernization of expression is indispensible to modernization of perception, the author locates the origins of sound poetry in dada and futurism. While a precise definition is impossible for sound poetry, the problem of visual representation of sound or other sensory modalities, other than the visual, is examined. All this is by way of preamble to a discussion of Hungarian poetry's long history of musicality in which particular poets are cited. The context of avant-garde development, as colored by politics, both hot and cold, is also explored.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Menezes:2001:EPB, author = "Philadelpho Menezes", title = "Experimental Poetics Based on Sound Poetry Today", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "64--75", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "After providing three ``anti-definitions'' which locate sound poetry by specifying what it is not, a new term is introduced, ``intersign.'' Intersign poetry does not priviledge sound, but focuses on new integrative sound-vision presented by technology through digital means. Technology-based poetry is traced to French experiments in the 1950s. Following a brief history of poetic development, intersign poetry is contrasted with sound poetry and positioned relative to multimedia and hypermedia. The engagement of the audience is viewed as a critical component in exploring meaning and sensory development.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cost:2001:EPB, author = "Lis Cost", title = "Experimental Poetry in {Barcelona} during the 1990s", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "76--91", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Looking specifically at experimental poetry in Catalonia during the past decade, the author pays particular attention to live performance. The variety and liveliness of the poetry events described portray a vital community of poetic interest and action. The chronology describes events and participants.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Scholz:2001:RBS, author = "Christian Scholz", title = "Relations Between Sound Poetry and Visual Poetry, The Path from the Optophonetic Poem to the Multime", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "92--103", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "A brief history of the development of scores for sound poetry during the twentieth century is presented. The work of Hugo Ball, Raoul Hausmann and Kurt Schwitters is the focus for the early part of the century. From mid-century to end, the work of Franz Mon, Carlfriedrich Claus and Valeri Scherstjanoi is the focus.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Minarelli:2001:SBV, author = "Enzo Minarelli", title = "The Singing Blackbird, voice, images, technology in polypoetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "104--115", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Not writing but voice is the essence of polypoetry or sound poetry --- the voice with its direct, organic possibilities of expression whether technologically amplified or manipulated or not. Focusing on live performance, the interrelatedness of audience and poet is essential. While the voice is primary, the interaction with image is also essential. The author avoids ``fusion'' in which the identity and character of various poetic components become confused and lost.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Minarelli:2001:MP, author = "Enzo Minarelli", title = "The Manifesto of Polypoetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "116--125", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Ten years after its writing, the Manifesto of Polypoetry is examined anew. The original goal of the manifesto was to theorize the performance of sound. Six statements from the manifesto are examined in the context of a decade of change and development. The importance of technology is restated along with a discussion of time, editing, rhythm and poetic practitioners associated with excellence in various techniques or perspectives.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2001:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "1", pages = "126--128", month = jan, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:05:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N1_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2001:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "130--130", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:15:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Salen:2001:SMT, author = "Katie Salen", title = "Surrogate Multiplicities: Typography in the Age of Invisibility", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "132--153", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Historically, much critical discussion, particularly among typographers, has centered on the role typographical form plays in conveying meaning. Beatrice Ward's image of the crystal goblet, evoked in a 1932 essay of the same name created a framework for considering the ways in which value and meaning are assigned to a text based not only on what is written, but how it was written. While Ward was primarily concerned with the dynamics of letterform and legibility, this essay attempts to extend her metaphor into the realm of social difference by exploring the myriad ways in which spaces of cultural inclusion and exclusion are mediated via typographic form. Within such an argument, qualities of transparency and lightness attributed to the crystal goblet operate as agents of invisibility for non-standard speakers, or a whole host of `others' that fall outside of the normalizing boundaries of linguistic standardization supported by Ward's image of an undifferentiated typographical surface. The discussion begins by tracing historical precedents for the marking of social difference through distinctions in typographic form. Typefaces from Jim Crow to Tiki Magic demonstrate how the `display' of otherness relies on the historicizing mechanics of cultural standardization. Similarly, an analysis of pictorial trademarks developed in the mid- to late-nineteenth-century reveal how fractured letterforms served as the visual equivalent to the `broken' English of a growing immigrant population. Finally, a connection is made to the ways in which contemporary software, through specified feature sets and `default settings,' supports a long tradition of representational standardization.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Maryniak:2001:ER, author = "Nadia Maryniak", title = "Ethnographic Reflections", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "154--163", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:15:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frascara:2001:DWT, author = "Jorge Frascara", title = "Diagramming as a Way of Thinking Ecologically", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "164--177", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Diagrams are frequently used to communicate relationships between multiple dimensions of quantitative information. Attempts are usually made to simplify complex information and to reduce to a minimum the elements considered. Here I will discuss a different breed of diagrams: one that addresses the increasing need to confront complex issues in all their complexity, and that, more than serving to communicate already existing ideas, would serve to explore new ways of organizing knowledge. Several educational and cultural implications of this conception are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hsu:2001:EML, author = "Sheng-Hsiung Hsu and Kuo-Chen Huang", title = "Effects of Minimal Legible Size Characters on {Chinese} Word Recognition", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "178--191", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of minimal legible size characters on Chinese word recognition. In Experiment 1, the minimal legible size was determined empirically to be the character size necessary to attain ninety-five percent correct recognition for various Chinese characters which differed in the number of strokes comprising the characters, ranging from three to twenty-seven. The results showed that the minimal legible sizes were larger for characters with more strokes. This indicates that characters with more strokes should be enlarged to attain the same recognition performance as that from characters with fewer strokes. Experiment 2 investigated recognition accuracy for a string of minimal legible size characters, versus, conventional equal size characters. The results showed that accuracy rate for the minimal legible size condition was higher than that for the conventional size condition. Although Chinese characters presented with their minimal legible size might change the present word configuration, the results suggest that minimal legible size of characters might help readers recognize words in situations where reading time is extremely short. In particular, the results suggest that minimal legible size Chinese characters may be appropriate in the design of warning or emergency signs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frascara:2001:BRI, author = "Jorge Frascara", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Interface / An Approach to Design}}, Gui Bonsiepe. Maastricht: Jan Van Eyck Akademie, 1999. ISBN 90-6617-212-6 168 pages, softbound, illustrated, one color}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "192--205", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:15:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Burke:2001:LER, author = "?. Burke and Earl M. Herrick", title = "Letter to the {Editor}: a response to {Earl M. Herrick}'s article {{\booktitle{``Toward Disambiguating the Term ``Roman''}}} in {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} {\bf 33}.2, by {Dr. Burke}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "206--214", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:15:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2001:CPCa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Call for Papers: Communication design research for new media: a special issue of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} for 2002", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "216--219", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:15:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2001:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "2", pages = "220--223", month = may, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 07:15:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N2_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Pages in V35N3_2001_E.pdf are in reverse order @Article{Poggenpohl:2001:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "228--228", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Winkler:2001:LLL, author = "Dietmar Winkler", title = "Limits of Language, Limits of World", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "230--243", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "`Limits of Language, Limits of Worlds' sets the stage for the articles that follow. It gives the general rationale for the discussions that formed the impetus for the selection of subjects for papers which include the inherent limitations of expert languages, the need to integrate visual literacy with all literacies that make up a language and its culture, the need for a vibrant cross-disciplinary discourse and the need for exploration of the relationship of theory to practice.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Loschky:2001:STP, author = "Lester Loschky", title = "Some Things That Pictures are Good For: an Information Processing Perspective", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "244--265", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Our visual experience of the world is extremely limited in scope both spatially and temporally. This is due to extreme restrictions on our visual attention, our region of high resolution within the field of view and our visual short-term memory, as shown by research on visual perception and memory. However, we have developed very efficient ways of dealing with these limitations. One biologically based scheme is to make rapid eye movements around our visual environment several times per second. This allows us to attend to items in our visual environment serially that we could not attend to simultaneously, and allows us to refresh our leaky visual short-term memories at the same time. A second entirely human invention is to make and view pictures. Pictures have a great capacity for allowing us to direct a person's attention to things they might not have noticed. Pictures also allow us the time to carefully explore visual information by attending to details that otherwise might have disappeared in our ever-changing world. Likewise, because pictures can hold information in a stable form, we don't have to use our limited visual short-term memories to hold onto their contents. Instead, we have the potential to repeatedly look back at any detail whenever the need arises in order to more deeply process its contents without loss of information due to the image changing. In this way, pictures facilitate our contemplation of visual information. Of course, pictures do not remove the inherent limitations on our visual attention, resolution and short-term memory, as clearly shown in the pictorial demonstrations contained in this article. However, pictures do extend our abilities to deal with these limitations in ways that greatly enrich our visual experience.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McClain:2001:CVT, author = "Matthew McClain", title = "Critical Viewing of Television", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "266--277", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "Television provides people in technological societies with information of a completely different character than any other media. Compared to the activities of reading or normal interaction with our environment, the act of watching television is characterized by very little cognitive involvement of the viewer. Whether it is advertisements, sitcoms or even educational programming, the way that television is used to convey information inhibits the viewer's ability to critically challenge the information they are receiving. I propose two possibilities for television viewers to overcome this impediment to cognition --- the first is to develop a personal means of facilitating a critical evaluation of the information presented on television, sometimes called critical viewing. The second possibility emerges from further advancements in technology where the viewer is enabled to take a more controlling and interactive role in the information they are receiving.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gunji:2001:NME, author = "Jennifer Gunji", title = "New Media, Experience and {Japanese} Way of Tea ({Chado})", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "278--291", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", abstract = "The philosophy of the Japanese Way of Tea (Chado) can play a significant role in design education. By heightening use of the senses, Chado cultivates inner awareness of self and others through process, form and practice. Established by sixteenth century grandmaster Sen Rikyu, Chado is based on Zen principles of `harmony, respect, purity and tranquility.' This synthesis of ideals becomes a spiritual manifestation of the human soul. Concentration on the senses is becoming more critical in design. Development of multimedia technologies challenges designers to create more experiential expressions in virtual settings. To accomplish this, one is required to possess advanced technological skills and enhanced intersensory awareness. Inevitably design will come to express olfactory, taste and tactile sensations through a primarily visual setting. This inclination will encourage the generation of design experiences that awaken consciousness, emotions and empathy with their audience. The focus becomes the creation of experiences that are humanized through the sensitivity of designers and their ability to interconnect mind, body, emotions and spirit into design, while developing interaction with the audience. Establishing Japanese aesthetics as a fundamental experience in design education will prompt students to cultivate their sensory perception, sharpen their aesthetic understanding, heighten cultural discernment and enrich their ability to create and express what they experience. Exposure to these ideas will inspire students culturally, intellectually and spiritually which ultimately contributes not only to their understanding of design, but also to appreciation for life.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Consecutive book review/received articles overlap in pages by %%% using left and right columns. @Article{Anonymous:2001:BRW, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received: Writing with Language and by Hand: {{\booktitle{Rethinking Writing}}, Roy Harris. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000. 270 pages, hardbound, \$39.95 ISBN 0-253-33776-3. \booktitle{Handwriting of the Twentieth Century}, Rosemary Sassoon. London: Routledge, 1999. 208 pages, illustrated, one color, softbound, \$27.99. ISBN 0-415-17882-7. \booktitle{Books and Pages, Polish Avant-garde and Artists' Books in the 20th Century}, Piotr Rypson. Warsaw: Center for Contemporary Art, 2000. 168 pages, illustrated, full color, hard paperback, \$35.00. Available from P 0 Box 796, 00-950 Warsaw, Poland, ISBN 200083-88277-36-7. \booktitle{Designalltag --- Symbols, logos, Identities}, Ruedi Ruegg. Zurich: Designalltag, 1999. 76 pages, illustrated, one color, paperback, free upon request. ISBN 3-9520297-1-8. \booktitle{dotlinepixel --- Thoughts on Cross-Media Design}, Michele Iannuzzi and Richard Smith. Switzerland: Gabriele Capelli Editore. 44 pages, illustrated, some in color, hardbound, ISBN 88-87469-00-8. \booktitle{Emotional\_Digital --- a Sourcebook of Contemporary Typographics}, Alexander Branczyk, Jutta Nachtwey et al., editors. London: Thames \& Hudson, 1999. 312 pages, illustrated, full color, hardbound, \$50.00, ISBN 0-500-01925-8.. \booktitle{The Form of News}, Kevin G. Bornhurst and John Nerone. New York: The Guilford Press, 2001. 326 pages, illustrated, one color, hardbound, \$35.00, ISBN 1-57230-637-8, \ldots{}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "292--297", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Stevens:2001:BRD, author = "Graham Stevens", title = "Book Review: Design \& Typography: {{\booktitle{Type in Use --- effective typography for electronic publishing}}, Alex W. White. New York: W. W. Norton, 208 pages, \$26.95 ISBN 0-393-73034-4}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "294--296", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hartley:2001:BRB, author = "James Hartley", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{On Book Design}}, Richard Hendel, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998, 210 pages, illustrated, one color, hardbound, \$35.00. ISBN 300-07570-7}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "298--302", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Miles:2001:BRP, author = "John Miles", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Printing Type Designs --- a new history from Gutenberg to 2000}}, Dundan Glen. Akros Publications, 2001 ISBN 0-86142-110-8. [Obtainable direct from Duncan Glen, 33 Lady Nairn Avenue, Kirkcaldy, Fife, United Kingdom]}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "304--306", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2001:BRN, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: New Media: {{\booktitle{Alphabet to Email --- How written English evolved and where it's heading}}, Naomi S. Baron. London: Routledge, 2000, 316 pages, \$18.95 ISBN 0-415-18685-4}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "308--311", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lew:2001:CYS, author = "Walter K. Lew", title = "Correction: to {Yi Sang} poems", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "312--313", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Kim:1999:ERR}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2001:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index for {Volume 35}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "314--315", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2001:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "316--317", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2001:FID, author = "Anonymous", title = "Forthcoming Issues: Design Research Bibliographies; Cultural Dimensions of Visual Communication; Search and Research in Communication Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "318--318", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2001:CPCb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Call for Papers: Cultural Dimensions of Visual Communication", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "35", number = "3", pages = "319--319", month = oct, year = "2001", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 08:17:43 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V35N3_2001_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2002:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 09:15:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Strickler:2002:VDI, author = "Zoe Strickler and Patricia Neafsey", title = "Visual Design of Interactive Software for Older Adults: Preventing Drug Interactions in Older Adults", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "4--28", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "This article reports findings from formative research conducted with older adults to identify interface design features of an interactive, educational software program that addresses age-related visual and physical impairments common in older people. Findings include recommendations concerning illustration style and representation of the human figure; face, size and configuration of type, color palette and basic interactive functions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ingemann:2002:MPE, author = "Bruno Ingemann", title = "The {Mirage Project}: an Experimental Qualitative Reception Study", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "29--47", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "The Mirage Project focuses on how readers ascribe meaning to the pictures in the newspaper. The conventions of the newspaper as regards truthfulness, reliability and authenticity see the photograph as data, as information. But the photograph is more than that. Through the project sixteen informants' reception of four different pictures are analyzed in relation to the news articles to which they belong. Through the use of different visual variants for the same article the reader gets the possibility to be critical and to choose between different pictures. Mirage gathers this chaos of the readers' choices and arguments for their choices through a series of analyses. In the light of the new digital culture the reader makes a different frame of understanding than newspaper conventions normally offer. The readers are disobedient. They have other values and other demands on quality than expected. This article is a presentation of a reception project where the experimental method is developed to extend the semiotic meaning potential and partly defines the readers' values and preferences.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Golec:2002:ALM, author = "Michael Golec", title = "{Alix Lambert}'s `{{\booktitle{The Mark of Cain}}}'", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "48--61", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "The following contribution is divided into two parts. The first part consists of a series of video still-images accompanied by a brief essay that describes the contents of Alix Lambert's film, The Mark of Cain. The second part is an interview with the filmmaker and artist. In the interview, Ms. Lambert discusses the differences between documentary filmmaking and conceptual art practices; she reflects on the nature of representation and examines the relationship between the symbolic content of Russian prison tattoos and the new Russian economy; and she compares the persistence of visual forms to the impermanence of meaning. That the two are interrelated is of special interest to Ms. Lambert, whose film records the vicissitudes of a faded visual idiom and reveals the non-identical sameness of form, homologically aligning tattoos and economic order. In both her video still-images and in her interview, Ms. Lambert attempts to make explicit what is inexplicit, all the while admitting to the disruptions, hesitations and gaps in doing so. In her film, a prisoner states that `You can learn a lot about a prisoner from his tattoos.' In the hands of Ms. Lambert, we can learn a lot about tattoos from prisoners. And from tattoos, we can learn a lot about the decline of a culture.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Justus:2002:BRA, author = "Carol F. Justus", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Ancestor of the West. Writing, Reasoning, and Religion in Mesopotamia, Elam, and Greece}}, Jean Bott{\'e}ro, Clarisse Herrenschmidt and Jean-Pierre Vernant. With a Foreword by Fran{\c{c}}ois Zabbal. Teresa Lavender Fagan, translator. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. 194 pages, Illustrated, Hardbound, \$25.00, ISBN 0-226-06715-7}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "62--74", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 09:15:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Peters:2002:BRF, author = "Marsha Peters", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Form of The News: A History}}, Kevin G. Barnhurst and John Nerone. New York: Guilford Press, 2000. Hardcover, 326 pages, Illustrated, one color, \$35. ISBN 1-52730-637-8}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "76--83", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 09:15:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Banks:2002:BRZ, author = "Colin Banks", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Zero: Hans Schleger --- a Life of Design}}, Pat Schleger. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2000. 248 $ \times $ 210mm, illustrated, hardbound, 272 pages, \$45. ISBN 1-56898-273-9}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "84--88", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 09:15:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:CPV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Call for Papers: Visual Literacy and the Dimensions of Consciousness", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "91--93", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 09:15:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "1", pages = "94--95", month = jan, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 09:15:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N1_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2002:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "98--98", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:07:33 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:A, author = "Anonymous", title = "Acknowledgements", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "100--100", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2002:PCI, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Preface: Cultivating an Interest in Design Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "101--101", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "This introduction to a special issue, Research in Communication Design, provides a brief argument for why design research is important now. The importance and difference of design research needs from that of other disciplines is stressed. The focus is on the development of knowledge useful in the practice of design. It also challenges the `black box' of design and questions the limits to its knowledge. Articles are briefly introduced with a commentary on their research classification and particular research approach.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Chayutsahakij:2002:ADR, author = "Praima Chayutsahakij", title = "Annotated Design Research Bibliography Process Overview", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "102--117", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "This Annotated Design Research Bibliography brings together a network of design scholars to select the most relevant bibliographical references for the field of design. The books that appear annotated are selected through two analytical approaches: the essentialness of the book determined through a design community on-line ranking survey, and the discipline distribution through field-keyword analysis. Annotations were collected from the volunteer on-line survey participants and a more focused community of individuals targeted for each particular section including members of the Ph.D. listserv, the Ph.D. community at the Institute of Design and its database. The project consists of ninety books in three essential areas of design study: (1) Philosophy and Theory of Design, (2) Principles and Methods of Design Research, (3) Theory and Practice. Interpretations of the observations from the data collected from the on-line bibliographic survey are also suggestive of the state of design as a discipline.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Teeravarunyou:2002:PBP, author = "Sakol Teeravarunyou and Carlos Teixeira", title = "Perspectives on Building a Philosophy of Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "119--135", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "Building a Philosophy of Design is one of the sections of the Annotated Design Research Bibliography. Design suffers from the ambiguity of its philosophical context. Although design communities attempted to solve this problem a decade ago, there is no agreement concerning what a philosophy of design might be. The study addresses the differences of philosophy in design and science. This is followed by an analysis of the most read books as determined by community ranking. Field-keyword analysis is then used to analyze interdisciplinary books and expert recommendation of books. The results from community ranking demonstrate that books related to philosophy of design still require substantial development since there is a limited literature that directly points to a philosophical context for design. Most current books tend to be design history and criticism of design. From the results it is evident that design requires progressive action to establish a foundation in this area.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:APT, author = "Anonymous", title = "Annotated Philosophy and Theory of Design List", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "136--155", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Jeamsinkul:2002:PBF, author = "Chujit Jeamsinkul and Napawan Sawasdichai", title = "Perspectives on Building a Foundation for Design Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "156--173", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "Building a Foundation for Design Research Methods is one of the three sections of the Annotated Design Research Bibliography. Design is a hybrid activity that encompasses many disciplines beyond itself, which blend depending on the nature of the research project. To support a range of design research activities, thirty books listed in this section embrace research principles and methods from general to specific research content and practice across three levels of design research: basic research, applied research and clinical research. The content in the book lists demonstrate methodologies from many design research perspectives, from those with a social science focus to those with a science orientation, to those that build method from a design perspective. The research method guidance in these books is useful for both design researchers and design practitioners who are interested in building a body of design knowledge.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:APM, author = "Anonymous", title = "Annotated Principles and Methods of Design Research List", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "174--193", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Chayutsahakij:2002:PBD, author = "Praima Chayutsahakij", title = "Perspectives on Building a Discourse Between Design Theory and Practice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "194--211", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "Building a Discourse between Design Theory and Practice is one of the three sections of the Annotated Design Research Bibliography. Theoretical knowledge is simultaneously generated and accumulated through reflective practice and judging of results. To support the partnership of practitioner-researchers and research-practitioners, thirty theory and design practice books are selected in both directions regarding how knowledge is used and accumulated, and how knowledge is built through design research. The `theory building' selection includes books on both reflective research concepts and those with reflective research examples. The `theory using' selection ranges from the broad and general use of theories in design to the more specific use of theories in different design fields and the integration of design with other disciplines. The selected books are useful for the development of design theory, design research, design practice, design intellectual culture and design discipline.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:ATP, author = "Anonymous", title = "Annotated Theory and Practice in Design List", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "212--235", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:AAL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Alphabetical Author List", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "236--237", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:GEB, author = "Anonymous", title = "{Guest Editors} Biography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "238--239", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:18:50 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community.", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "2", pages = "240--240", month = may, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:07:33 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N2_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: an Annotated Design Research Bibliography by and for the design community", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2002:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "242--242", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:CCB, author = "Anonymous", title = "Commemoration: {Colin Banks} (1932--2002)", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "244--244", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "From the short note: ``His design for the United Kingdom telephone directories elegantly improved legibility while saving an impressive number of trees''", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2002:CID, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Cultivating an Interest in Design Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "246--252", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Jeamsinkul:2002:MUM, author = "Chujit Jeamsinkul and Sharon Poggenpohl", title = "Methodology for Uncovering Motion Affordance in Interactive Media", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "254--280", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "Interactive media allows the user to have control over navigation and interactivity with the information. The nature of interactive media is dynamic and changes through time. To support this dynamic change, the knowledge of how to communicate information efficiently beyond static representation needs exploration. Motion is the key element in interactive environments. Motion helps the user to perceive a change of state. The characteristics and capabilities of motion demonstrate its potential benefit to interaction, but there is very little guidance available regarding when and how to use motion in interactive media. Though Baecker and Small performed research concerning motion's utility in interface, questions still remain: ``How do we design such animation so that they are clear and comprehensible, attractive and appealing? How do we prevent animation from being too complex to be effective? Such questions can be answered only through the extensive development of prototypes and through user testing'' (Baecker and Small, 1990). By looking at motion systematically with regard to how users understand it, knowledge of how to use motion effectively in interactive media can be revealed. This paper examines the process of designing an experimental situation in which the meaning of motion can be revealed. Because the experiment was executed, data is analyzed, results are discussed and further developments are identified.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{GonzalezdeCosio:2002:MME, author = "M{\'a}ria {Gonz{\'a}lez de Cos{\'\i}o} and Mary C. Dyson", title = "Methods for Manipulating Electronic Documents in Relation to Information Retrieval", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "282--306", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "This study is part of preliminary work aiming to find out which graphic elements help users navigate in electronic information space. The study explores alternative methods that can be used to manipulate the content of web pages, looking at their effects on finding specific material and acquiring an understanding of the content. Four versions of an extract from a Human Computer Interaction (HCI) textbook were created: (1) a scrolling document; (2) a document with links; (3) a paging document; (4) a document with frames. A series of tasks was carried out by two different groups of readers. Readers within each group were divided between the four versions of the document, with each reader reading only one version. Readers were asked to find information; read a text; answer a question; write a synopsis. Measures were taken of speed to locate information, comprehension of an issue and comprehension and memory of the text read. The results indicated that the paging document and document with links enabled readers to find information more quickly. There were no differences among versions in the time taken to read the text, but second semester students read faster than seventh semester. The methods of manipulating electronic documents offer advantages and disadvantages depending on the purpose of the text and the readers' tasks. It seems that if readers wish to find information quickly from an electronic document, the method of manipulating the document should be different from that applied to a large document that needs to be remembered.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Woolley:2002:CCE, author = "S. I. Woolley and T. R. Davis and N. J. Flowers and J. Pinilla-Dutoit and A. Livingstone and T. N. Arvanitis", title = "Communicating Cuneiform: The Evolution of a Multimedia Cuneiform Database", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "308--324", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "Our paper presents the work of the Cuneiform Digital Forensic Project (CDFP), an interdisciplinary project at The University of Birmingham, concerned with the development of a multimedia database to support scholarly research into cuneiform, wedge-shaped writing imprinted onto clay tablets and indeed the earliest real form of writing. We describe the evolutionary design process and dynamic research and developmental cycles associated with the database. Unlike traditional publications, the electronic publication of resources offers the possibility of almost continuous revisions with the integration and support of new media and interfaces. However, if on-line resources are to win the favor and confidence of their respective communities there must be a clear distinction between published and maintainable resources, and, developmental content. Published material should, ideally, be supported via standard web-browser interfaces with fully integrated tools so that users receive a reliable, homogeneous and intuitive flow of information and media relevant to their needs. We discuss the inherent dynamics of the design and publication of our on-line resource, starting with the basic design and maintenance aspects of the electronic database, which includes photographic instances of cuneiform signs, and shows how the continuous review process identifies areas for further research and development, for example, the ``sign processor'' graphical search tool and three-dimensional content, the results of which then feedback into the maintained resource.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Dyson:2002:TCS, author = "Mary C. Dyson and Judy Gregory", title = "Typographic Cueing on Screen", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "326--346", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", abstract = "The effects of typographic cues, such as bold, underline, italic and capitals have been studied in print. The indications are that typographic cueing can improve the recall of material and this is most evident if recall immediately follows reading. This study investigates whether cueing on screen facilitates recall and introduces factors that have been explored when cueing content in printed material. A series of documents was read on screen followed by a set of multiple-choice questions, which covered a range of question types. Cued material was either a phrase or sentence in red type, and these related to either main facts or incidental details. A control condition contained no red. Instruction regarding cueing was also varied. We found a difference in overall recall between the cueing conditions and the control. The difference was attributable to better recall of cued phrases than cued sentences. However, this difference was found only for incidental material. These results suggest that cueing a whole sentence containing detail can hinder overall recall, but cueing the specific detail is helpful.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index for {Volume 36}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "347--348", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2002:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "36", number = "3", pages = "350--351", month = sep, year = "2002", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:19:56 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V36N3_2002_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2003:DTA, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Developing Theory, Analysis and Effective Research Communication for Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "1", pages = "5--12", month = jan, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N1_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Research in Communication Design, Part 2, departs from the usual reporting of research to dig deeper into issues of importance to research and its development by design. The need for a change in relationship between education, practice and research is discussed along with the practical need for better research dissemination. Theory, method and tool are discussed as possible frames for research activity. The articles in this special issue are introduced in terms of theory, post analysis and conceptual development in relation to research. The issue concludes with a practical argument for the need for research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Storkerson:2003:DTC, author = "Peter Storkerson", title = "Designing Theory in Communication", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "1", pages = "13--42", month = jan, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N1_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Within communication design, theory is in the process of formation. Within the profession, attitudes toward theorizing vary from an intuitionist rejection of theories to humanist positions, observational empiricisms and scientific reductive approaches. This heterogeneity reflects the many intellectual influences on design from the humanities, social sciences and hard sciences and engineering. We can even burrow to the philosophical foundations --- Cartesian rationalism, positivism, constructivism --- and their ontological and epistemological positions. This paper presents a theoretical position with regard to communication design research and summarizes the findings of two experiments based on this theoretical construct. The theory points the way to rigorous and useful research for communication design in the future.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mealing:2003:VAT, author = "Stuart Mealing", title = "Value-added Text: Where Graphic Design Meets Paralinguistics", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "1", pages = "43--58", month = jan, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N1_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Expressive typography is the sine qua non of the graphic designer --- font styles and parameters such as size and color are selected to lend additional interpretive potential to a plain text message. When applied by a designer the process is intuitive and is hardwired to a particular text. Value-added text (VAT) is an attempt to visually extend the semantic potential of a message still further in a computer-based environment and to render the process both algorithmic and dynamic, its principles being applicable to typographic (and to iconic) text. This paper emphasizes the exploration of potential paralinguistic mappings that exploit and extend the traditional vocabulary of typography. Much that can be communicated in human-to-human language is lost in its transfer to text but para-linguistics --- which studies the features of communication that accompany, or substitute for, the bare words used --- offers a gateway to an enriched presentation of text. VAT therefore proposes automated graphic proxies that communicate more in a typographic message than the literal semantics of the user's native language and also offers potential assistance in cross-language communication.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sawasdichai:2003:UAF, author = "Napawan Sawasdichai and Sharon Poggenpohl", title = "User Analysis Framework: Thoughts on User's Cognitive Factors for Information Design on {Web}-based Media", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "1", pages = "59--92", month = jan, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N1_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Websites have passed through several developmental progressions, from simple textual information to more sophisticated interactive communication that engages a larger and more diverse audience. As an alternative channel to communicate, access information, perform a task or fulfill personal interest, more usability problems become apparent. Studying and solving these problems is increasingly essential. This study attempts to analyze and understand search problems based on user search behavior. To understand this behavior more profoundly, focus shifts to the user's cognitive factors that underlie and regulate searching through a website. These cognitive factors include generic goals, user modes of searching, user search strategies and methods, as well as different types of models to identify user characteristics. The study discusses classification of these cognitive factors and provides an analytic framework that helps systematically analyze and synthesize these factors in order to better anticipate user search behavior with the goal to eventually be able to determine the kinds of information and functions needed to include in different types of website design.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nemeth:2003:GRN, author = "Christopher Nemeth", title = "Get Real: The Need for Effective Design Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "1", pages = "93--110", month = jan, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N1_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Designers use intuition in order to envision possibilities. That strength also contains a weakness: a disinclination to account for what exists in reality. That prevents design from evolving into the powerful role that it could otherwise be. Learning about reality requires the tools that are necessary to perform research such as theory and methods. Research tools are essential in order to support an opinion or position, to build design solutions in technically challenging application areas, or to advance design as a leadership role instead of a support role. Better understanding and use of research would enable the designer to evolve from craft-bound artisan toward professional. This essay addresses recent influences on design practice, the opportunity for design to evolve in a professional direction and the methods that will support that evolution.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2003:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "1", pages = "111--112", month = jan, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:43:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N1_2003_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2003:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "114--114", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:48:38 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2003:CDV, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Cultural Dimensions of Visual Communication: an Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "116--121", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Serving as an introduction to the special issue, Cultural Dimensions of Visual Communication, the articles are introduced along with the major themes that run through them and that are often shared. The issue is put into a larger context with a brief discussion of the framework of global theorist Arjun Appadurai. Culture in this issue has a double meaning: it refers to geography or location and it refers to complex human associations organized through language, professional interest, travel or other indicators.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Scotford:2003:FES, author = "Martha Scotford", title = "Function and Expression: Student Typographic Work in {English} and {Indian} languages", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "124--145", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Teaching typography in a cross-cultural setting poses particular conceptual and visual problems. Using a recipe as the content for a typographic assignment while teaching in India, the author explores typographic approaches that include functional, expressive and integrated perspectives in English, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi and to a lesser extent Malayalam and Tamil and various combinations of languages. This experience is documented through illustrations and commentary on the student solutions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Search:2003:MDI, author = "Patricia Search", title = "The Metastructural Dynamics of Interactive Electronic Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "146--165", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Interactive electronic computing enables users to manipulate text, graphics and sound into new multi-literacy models that emphasize patterns of relationships rather than discrete entities. However, most multimedia programs fall short of this objective because they reflect Western hierarchical concepts that have dominated communication since the development of writing. We need interface designs that help the user define dynamic patterns and synthesize information. The paper explores new forms of temporal, spatial and rhythmic links in interactive design that enable the viewer to explore information outside the framework of narrative and causality. The paper discusses the `spatial grammar' of interaction and introduces the concept of kinesthetically articulated design in which the user builds cognitive maps by combining rhythmic patterns of interaction with audiovisual navigation cues. This new design syntax is derived from oral communication techniques used in aboriginal cultures.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kim:2003:MGG, author = "Min-Soo Kim", title = "Mapping a Graphic Genome: a Cross-Cultural Comparison between {Korean} and {Japanese} Designers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "168--205", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "In this paper, the author proposes substitution of the biotechnical term genome for the aesthetic term style. The author does so in order to argue that a graphic designer's style is not purely an independent representation in visual form of factors interacting with free will, individual beliefs and personal talents. To use Michael Polyanyi's words, style is also influenced by tacit knowing, by the phylo-genetic factors embedded in a cultural context. The author posits that just as a map of genome --- the collection of genes and chromosomes --- explain the life structure and condition of an organism, it would be possible to trace a cultural genome by identifying designers' thoughts and actual works. What kinds of historical contexts, subject matters and inner logics are interwoven in the works of contemporary Korean and Japanese graphic designers? In what ways can such interrelated conditions and perceptions be compared and related to one another? For specific analyses in this paper, the author uses selected works by designers who participated in the exhibition, ``Contemporary East Asian Typographic Arts,'' held at the Seoul Art Center in late fall, 1999. The designers included in the exhibition are deemed well suited for this research, since the organizing committee of the exhibition carefully selected representative designers from Japan, China and Korea. Unfortunately no critical interpretation came out of this exhibit. The fact that it opened and closed without receiving criticism reflects the state of the field, which in Thomas Kuhn's words, remain in a pre-paradigmatic state. That is, it is a field of knowledge without a shared view of its concerns, common models of action and judgment and a baseline from which to evaluate particular exploration. From this missing inquiry, the issue of mapping a graphic genome emerges.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ciochetto:2003:TSE, author = "Lynn Ciochetto", title = "Toilet Signage as Effective Communication", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "208--221", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "The need for clear cross-cultural signage is related to increasing international business, recreational travel as well as significant world cultural events like the Olympics. Using toilet signage as the occasion for examining cultural diversity and similarity, the author takes an historical approach to sanitary habits, contextualizing cultural habit and its manifestation in signage. Visual documentary evidence from many cultures accompanies the discussion. Analysis and investigation of these images in terms of uniformity within diversity locate the key functional characteristics of toilet signage as identification and segregation. Much consistency in use of male and female images to identify toilets, along with a great diversity in visual treatment, characterize this study.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Martinson:2003:GAN, author = "Barbara Martinson and Sauman Chu", title = "Graphic Assimilation: New Immigrants and Social Identity", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "222--233", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Delivery of essential social service information to immigrant groups in the United States raises issues of language, cultural imagery, social status and identity. Two perspectives on these issues are offered. From a formal viewpoint, theories of materiality of meaning and the construction of social identity provide insight regarding perception of identity based on representation in print publications. From a grassroots viewpoint, Hmong and Somali focus group discussions explore the character and practical nature of information available to their respective communities. The goal of the paper is to explore appropriate design strategies for bilingual communication for new (Somali) and more integrated (Hmong) residents of Minnesota.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2003:BRL, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Language Culture Type: International Type Design in the Age of Unicode}}, John D. Berry, editor. New York: Association Typographique Internationale (ATypI), 2002. Hardbound, 374 pages, extensively illustrated, some signatures in color, \$60 Designed by Maxim Zhukov. ISBN 1-932026-01-0}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "233--236", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:48:38 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unicode.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2003:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "2", pages = "239--239", month = may, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 11:48:38 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N2_2003_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2003:AB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "3", pages = "242--242", month = sep, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 12:05:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N3_2003_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Golec:2003:IPR, author = "Michael Golec and Aron Vinegar", title = "Instruction and Provocation, or Relearning from {Las Vegas}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "3", pages = "244--245", month = sep, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 12:05:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N3_2003_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bhatt:2003:AAC, author = "Ritu Bhatt", title = "Aesthetic or {AnAesthetic}: The Competing Symbols of {Las Vegas Strip}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "3", pages = "248--265", month = sep, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N3_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Postmodern theorists such as Lyotard, Jencks, Foster and Jameson acknowledge Learning from Las Vegas as a seminal text crucial to the development of postmodern aesthetics in architecture. Most commonly, the book is known to have promoted a postmodern laissez-faire approach that embraces historical architectural motifs uncritically. Critics of the book also point to the mindless image making and commercialism that Learning from Las Vegas promotes. In this paper, I draw parallels between Venturi, Scott Brown and Izenour's arguments and Nelson Goodman's theory of symbols in Languages of Art (1968) and argue that the postmodern rhetoric associated with the book limits a closer inspection of the book's methodology, the aim of which was to make architecture more communicable and make architects relearn to see. The book proposed that architecture should reposition itself from its modernist emphasis on space and structure to a postmodern reading of signs and symbols. By reclaiming its symbolic content, Venturi, Scott Brown and Izenour hoped to turn architecture into a visible language -- to make it socially less coercive and aesthetically more vital. More importantly, they claimed that this visibly vital architecture possessed a language that could be analyzed and evaluated. In fact, Venturi, Scott Brown and Izenour's call for ``withholding judgment'' was to be ``used as a tool to make later judgment more sensitive.'' In a similar vein, Nelson Goodman associates the practice of disinterest with aesthetic cognition and argues that aesthetic experiences are not just limited to works of art, but that they can happen any time. The question we should ask is not ``what is art?'' but ``when is art?'' In doing so, Goodman shifts the emphasis to understanding aesthetic as a temporal moment/moments when some sort of deep transformation or cognition happens. This paper analyzes, the competing world of signs on the Strip in Learning from Las Vegas through a Goodmanian route of reference. It identifies Goodmanian symptoms, such as exemplification, complex and indirect reference, relative repleteness, and syntactic and semantic density. As symbol systems, these features are neither necessary nor sufficient for aesthetic functioning, but they are indications that the item is functioning as work of art.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Golec:2003:DID, author = "Michael Golec", title = "``{Doing} It Deadpan:'' {Venturi}, {Scott Brown} and {Izenour}'s {{\booktitle{Learning from Las Vegas}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "3", pages = "266--287", month = sep, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N3_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour's Learning from Las Vegas (1972) --- a collection of the architects' studies of the Las Vegas Strip, a segment of U.S. Route 91 --- is packed with information graphics. The designer Muriel Cooper conveys the vividness of the Strip to the reader by aerial photographs, snapshots, signage, diagrams, all manner of maps, plans, elevations, sections, heraldry, graphs, sketches, charts and lists. Viewed randomly or in succession, these elements visually reconstruct Las Vegas as the epitome of the commercial roadside environment rich with signs. Considered from this perspective, Learning from Las Vegas exemplifies what the statistician and information designer Edward Tufte refers to as ``escaping the flatland [of two-dimensions] and enriching the density of data displays'' so that those displays are compatible, to whatever extent possible, with our lived experiences.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Vinegar:2003:SOB, author = "Aron Vinegar", title = "Skepticism and the Ordinary --- From {Burnt Norton} To {Las Vegas}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "3", pages = "288--311", month = sep, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N3_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "The premise of this article is that Venturi, Scott Brown and Izenour's Learning from Las Vegas exemplifies a full-scale engagement with the implications of philosophical skepticism. Drawing on the philosopher Stanley Cavell's work on skepticism and the ordinary, I take up the classical questions of skepticism and bring them to bear directly on questions of language and architecture in that text. I argue that instead of light irony, complicity with the ``culture industry,'' or the simple equation of architecture with communication, Learning from Las Vegas is fundamentally about the ``intolerable wrestle with words and meanings'' in the city.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Whiteley:2003:LVA, author = "Nigel Whiteley", title = "Learning from {Las Vegas}\ldots and {Los Angeles} and {Reyner Banham}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "3", pages = "314--331", month = sep, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N3_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "The influential British architectural historian and theorist Reyner Banham (1922--1988) belonged to the same generation as Robert Venturi (b.1925) and Denise Scott Brown (b.1931) and shared many of their architectural values. This essay shows the great similarities of value and outlook in Learning from Las Vegas and Banham's almost contemporaneous Los Angeles: the Architecture of Four Ecologies (1971). It then pinpoints areas of disagreement between Venturi et al. and Banham and moves to a discussion of the different authors' views on Las Vegas, drawing on other texts written by Banham around this time. It reveals that the Venturi et al. version of Las Vegas's significance was not the only one in currency in the period when Learning from Las Vegas appeared in its first and second editions, and that the different interpretations of Las Vegas reveal contested architectural values during the period when Modernist values were being challenged by Post-Modern ones.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Upton:2003:STW, author = "Dell Upton", title = "Signs Taken for Wonders", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "3", pages = "332--351", month = sep, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N3_2003_E.pdf", abstract = "My essay re-examines Learning from Las Vegas semiotic presentation of architectural symbolism. First, I argue that the attempt to approach architectural symbols technically, outside their socioeconomic context, overlooks important aspects of signs' functioning. Second, I use visual and verbal metaphors that designers and viewers apply to buildings to suggest that empathetic and embodied meanings are essential to architecture's symbolism. These kinds of meanings were vividly manifested in the ``heroic and original'' buildings that Venturi, Scott Brown and Izenour dismiss.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2003:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "37", number = "3", pages = "352--352", month = sep, year = "2003", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 12:05:52 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V37N3_2003_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V38N1_2004_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Hamann:2004:SMS, author = "Byron Hamann", title = "Seeing and the {Mixtec} Screenfolds", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N1_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay focuses on pictorial documents created in pre-Columbian Mexico (the ``Mixtec screenfolds'') in order to explore the interconnections of vision, blindness and the materiality of reading. One aspect of this exploration focuses on the pre-Conquest past: how were acts of vision represented in Mixtec texts, and how do these depictions relate to broader questions of reading, blindness and social inequality in indigenous society? A second exploration focuses on cross-cultural translation: what problems arise when Western scholars ``read'' Mixtec screenfolds using techniques learned from spine-bound alphabetic books? What are the different bodily practices involved in reading, and in what ways might the reading practices of one society be inappropriate for approaching the texts of another? These central discussions are framed by a theoretical orientation drawn from Mauss and Derrida, and a concluding comparison looking to recent scholarship on the Bayeux Tapestry --- an object that raises issues of reading similar to those in Mixtec research. Devoting equal time to analysis of indigenous society as to the Western discourse through which indigenous documents are read, the following pages present new techniques for visually approaching the painted surfaces of the screenfolds --- techniques of reading that reveal layers of information previously unseen by contemporary scholarship.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Marcus:2004:VLA, author = "Aaron Marcus and Valentina Johanna Baumgartner", title = "A Visible Language Analysis of User-Interface Design Components and Culture Dimensions", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = jan, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N1_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Bringing theory to practice, these authors apply the cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede to international corporate web design. Against Hofstede's dimensions of power distance, individualism, gender bias, uncertainty avoidance and time orientation, five interface components are examined --- metaphors, mental model, navigation, appearance and interaction. Through careful analysis and presentation of existing websites, cultural difference and similarity is revealed. Whether these differences can be explained by Hofstede's findings is an open question. The approaches of cultural analysis and interface component analysis bring to attention the complex decisions required in the construction of meaningful websites designed to cross borders.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2004:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "130--130", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 12:46:01 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2004:I, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "132--137", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 12:46:01 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2004:PCD, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Practicing Collaboration in Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "138--157", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Occurring more frequently and with greater diversity among participants, collaboration is an activity without substantial theory or process development in design; it happens in an ad hoc manner. Collaboration may involve inter-disciplinary, multi-disciplinary, inter-institutional or inter-national participation, each of which adds complexity to the process. This essay, based on conversations with designers engaged in collaborative activity, complemented by reflective writings, briefly examines collaborative history in design, explores definitions of the term, reflects on theoretical limitations to mapping collaboration, reveals qualities of collaborative individuals, describes problems in process and explores an inter-disciplinary discourse. The essay concludes with identification of variables that characterize collaborative projects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Remington:2004:CSC, author = "R. Roger Remington", title = "A Case Study in Collaboration: Looking back at the National Graphic Design Archive", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "158--167", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Inspired by the 1980s interest in graphic design history, an initially productive, but difficult to sustain, collaboration among three American universities from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, is the subject of this case study. The ideas behind a much-needed archival consortium, its organization and its difficulties in sustaining collaboration are examined. The essay concludes with constructive suggestions for reflection on collaborative associations between institutions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Melican:2004:USF, author = "Jay Melican", title = "User Studies: Finding a Place in Design Practice and Education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "168--196", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "User study is investigated through discussion among practitioners whether in practice or education. Issues of terminology, the early efforts to study users along with more recent approaches such as context determination are explored. Arguments for these studies revolve around economics --- is there a pay-off to such study --- and ethics --- rooted in participatory design and championed by designers. Nevertheless there is resistance to user studies on many fronts. Weaknesses in the various arguments are revealed. The difficulties in practically moving from user study data to design implications and realization are also examined, along with various design method strategies and how these relate to an integrated user study / design process. The general need for method classification and clear understanding is flagged as an issue in cross-disciplinary, shared development work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Conley:2004:WDM, author = "Chris Conley", title = "Where Are the Design Methodologists?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "196--217", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Methods still attract both confusion and dissension in design. ``Design'' and ``method'' are defined in order to carefully locate meaning in the following discussion. A brief reflection on the history of design methods, precedes reasons for supporting this investigation and reasons resistant to such work. An analogy is drawn to other domains such as thermodynamics, now thoroughly established with a useful body of knowledge, that originally suffered from the resistance of practitioners to codification of knowledge about the domain. An anatomy of method is offered that describes its key features and indicates possible areas for generation of new or improved method given the changing context of design performance. The essay argues that developing methods that are explicit, useful and whose efficacy can be measured is essential for the development of design as a discipline.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sato:2004:PDR, author = "Keiichi Sato", title = "Perspectives of Design Research: Collective Views for Forming the Foundation of Design Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "218--237", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Based on a wide-ranging discussion of design research that sought to establish its nature, controversies and types, this paper uncovers some ongoing difficulties in understanding ways to structure and communicate about variations in design research. Two basic types of design research are defined in order to establish greater clarity for what follows: research that advances design project development --- this is particular in its nature; and research that provides theory, principle, method or tool --- this is academic and more general in its nature. The discussion stresses the second area of research. Participants brought in research cases to anchor the discussion; these are presented as snapshots and are referred to in the larger discussion. Also Ph.D. dissertation models are presented as yet another way to define research variation. The paper concludes with unresolved issues that impede access and use of research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2004:AN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Author notes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "238--239", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 12:46:01 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2004:EC, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Editorial Correspondence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "2", pages = "240--240", month = may, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 12:46:01 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N2_2004_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2004:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "3", pages = "242--242", month = sep, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:35:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N3_2004_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reid:2004:TRF, author = "Larry D. Reid and Meta L. Reid and Audrey Bennett", title = "Towards a Reader-friendly Font", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "3", pages = "246--259", month = sep, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:31:57 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N3_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Rationale for Developing a Typeface that is Friendly for Beginning Readers, Particularly those Labeled Dyslexic A critical step toward becoming a fluent reader is learning to recognize, name and distinguish the letters of the alphabet. This difficult task is often a point of failure. The task, however, can be made easier and less prone to failure. This article, based on research by cognitive scientists, provides guides for how to design a font that will help children to learn to read. The article also summarizes the latest research that indicates that slowness in learning the initial steps toward fluent reading, for example, the ability to distinguish letters, has profound, lasting effects on the organization of the brain. Developers of fonts, therefore, can make a significant contribution to the intellectual development of our children by using their skills to design a lettering system, along the lines suggested here, that will be easier to learn.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Peachey:2004:LHW, author = "Ian Peachey", title = "Left-handedness: a Writing Handicap?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "3", pages = "262--287", month = sep, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:31:57 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N3_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Left-handedness is often seen as a disadvantage when it comes to writing, and left-handers are often seen as 'problem' writers. However, the difficulties many left-handers face do not stem from their left-handedness, but from the left-to-right writing movement of the Western writing culture. This article investigates left-handed writing technique and tries to determine, through both research and direct observation, the extent to which the theory regarding left-handed writing technique corresponds to the techniques used in practice. In the observational study, participants were asked to copy out a series of simple sentences while photographs were taken to document their writing technique. The results are then discussed in the context of handwriting manuals and specific left-handed writing guides. The fundamental aspects of writing technique such as penhold, pengrip and paper position are all dealt with in turn, together with the effect of the resulting written trace. It is concluded that, despite the range of literature available on left-handed writing, a 'right' and 'wrong' attitude still tends to prevail, which is in contrast to the variety of writing techniques seen in this investigation. Left-handedness is not a writing handicap, and it through more liberal and tolerant attitudes that this notion will be eradicated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Throop:2004:TPH, author = "Liz C. Throop", title = "Thinking on Paper: {Hindu--Arabic} Numerals in {European} Typography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "3", pages = "290--303", month = sep, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:31:57 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N3_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Western typography involves the 26 letters, punctuation marks and numerals as a whole expanded alphabet. Between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries the Hindu-Arabic numerals entered that alphabet, causing greater numeracy, much like the growth in literacy during that period. Europeans had to overcome ignorance and prejudice toward a foreign number system, but also had to adapt the numerals visual forms to fit in with their existing alphabet. Westerners were finally able to work out calculations on paper, which helped Europe move from a primarily oral to modern graphical culture. While the numerals we use today remain residually foreign in some ways, their introduction involves a significant part of the history of Western typography.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Abulhab:2004:MTS, author = "Saad Abulhab", title = "The {Mutamathil} Type Style: towards free, technologically-friendly `{Arabetic}' types", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "3", pages = "306--335", month = sep, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:35:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unicode.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See comments \cite{Chahine:2005:LER} and reply \cite{Abulhab:2005:R}. See also \cite{Abulhab:2008:AAT}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N3_2004_E.pdf", abstract = "Efforts to adapt various Arabetic scripts to the machine are as old as the field of typography, but most of these efforts concentrated primarily on forcing the machine to duplicate the Arabetic handwritten forms. Others have practically advocated divorce from the calligraphic tradition rather than enrichment or reform. One reason why the few modern attempts to typographically solve the technology-induced Arabetic script problems has failed is that new typeforms (or many times just a theoretical calligraphy style) was presented as replacement for the traditional ones rather than as optional working types. New ``controversial'' typeforms should be made widely available for users to experience and judge, rather than be dismissed based on unsupported claims or verdicts by a few influential individuals. Through the open design of the Mutamathil type style, the past restrictive, calligraphy-based, Arabetic typography is overcome and a more progressive development path is established. This is an open system that produces Unicode compliant, technology-oriented, fonts to work side-by-side to the traditional ones. Such fonts not only work with current Arabetic applications, but also facilitate future creative ones.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2004:JI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "38", number = "3", pages = "336--336", month = sep, year = "2004", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:35:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V38N3_2004_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2005:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "1--1", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:57:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McVarish:2005:ETE, author = "Emily McVarish", title = "Existential Textuality: Engagement in the Form of a Letterpress Book, {John Crombie}'s {{\booktitle{So}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "4--32", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "Engagement in the Form of a Letterpress Book, John Crombie's So ``Existential Textuality: Engagement in the Form of a Letterpress Book'' examines the work of English writer and book artist, John Crombie. In So, his combinatory narrative of cyclical romance, Crombie integrates typographical and literary composition, physical and narrative structure, letterpress and linguistic materiality to address the fundamental givens of existence: mortality and consciousness, freedom and contingency, subjectivity and temporality. The `book' as both a finite and an interactive format gives rise, in the typographic schema of So, to a view of language, stories and life itself as sets of possibilities and events, the significance of which derives from choice and sequence. The implicated reader of So's multi-linear tale may flirt with notions of authorship, yet in her hands, the codex enacts, typography writes and design tells, as every movement and surface of Crombie's work becomes reflective of the meanings that inhere in the very form of a printed book.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ruecker:2005:MLD, author = "Stan Ruecker and Eric Homich and St{\'e}fan Sinclair", title = "Multi-level Document Visualization", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "33--41", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper describes a prototype system that allows readers to view an electronic text in multiple simultaneous views, providing insight at several different levels of granularity, including a reading view. This prospect display is combined with a number of tools for manipulating the text, for example by highlighting sections of interest for a particular task. The result is a powerful approach to working with electronic text for various purposes: sample scenarios are outlined involving directors reading scripts, students studying novels and second-language learners familiarizing themselves with grammatical constructions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Vukic:2005:RDP, author = "Fedja Vuki{\c{c}}", title = "Re-design in Public Space", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "42--44", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "Questioning the relationship between graphic design work as it moves from private studio development to the public realm and as it exists in a commercial and non-commercial context, the intersection of these realms are explored through interpretation of the work of Eduard Cehovin in Slovenia. In the context of the designer's role to generate forms of public identity, new non-commercial identity is formed as a commemorative or celebratory act.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "TO DO: Check author accent: Croatian normally has {\'c} there. The title page has no accent, but the author biography has {\c{c}}.", } @Article{Cehovin:2005:RDP, author = "Eduard Cehovin", title = "Redesign in Public Space: The Work", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "45--63", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "Visual documentation of two public projects by Eduard Cehovin is presented: commemoration of the birth of Slovene avant-garde poet, Srecko Kosovel, and celebration of Slovenia joining the European Union.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baron:2005:BRC, author = "Naomi Baron", title = "Book Review: Cybertalk at Work and at Play: {{\booktitle{Cyberpl@y: Communicating Online}}, Brenda Danet; Oxford and New York: Berg, 2001. ISBN 1-85973-424-3. 418 pages, illustrated, some in full color, softbound, \$29.95. \booktitle{The Mobile Connection: The Cell Phone's Impact on Society}, Rich Ling. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 2004. ISBN 1-55860-936-9. 244 pages, softbound, \$34.95. \booktitle{Netinguistics: Language, Discourse, and Ideology in Internet}, Santiago Posteguillo, Castell{\'o} de la Plana: Publicaciones de la Universitat Jaume I, 2003. 180 pages, softbound, 13 EUR}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "64--83", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:57:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hahn:2005:BRA, author = "Young ae Hahn", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Activity Centered Design: An Ecological Approach to Designing Smart Tools and Usable Systems}}, Geri Gay and Helene Hembrooke. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2004. ISBN 0-262-07248-3. 135 pages, cloth, illustrated, \$30.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "84--85", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:57:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2005:BR, author = "Anonymous", title = "Books Received", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "86--92", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:57:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2005:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "1", pages = "93--94", month = jan, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 15:57:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N1_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2005:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "2", pages = "97--97", month = may, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:11:37 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N2_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Meirelles:2005:DVF, author = "Isabel Meirelles", title = "Dynamic Visual Formation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "2", pages = "100--120", month = may, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N2_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "Computational media bring new complexities to the visual realm and the creation of visual forms. With the objective of examining theoretically and experimentally the creative process of image-making in the computer environment, a ``system of dynamic visual formation'' is proposed. The central argument is that images are no longer fixed, unique and eternal. Rather, what is created in computational media is a variable spatio-temporal module. Spatial and temporal properties of the system are defined. Ultimately, the investigation searches for the most elemental constituents of dyanmic visual formation moving towards a theory of dynamic visual language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nanavati:2005:OLL, author = "Anuj A. Nanavati and Randolph G. Bias", title = "Optimal Line Length in Reading --- a Literature Review", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "2", pages = "121--145", month = may, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N2_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "One of the most important, and most studied, aspects of human perception is the act of reading. Reading has received much attention from researchers, both from a human information processing (HIP) approach and as a common, practical act that needs to be optimized, especially in the realm of human-computer interaction (HCI). One of the text variables that has been studied for over 100 years is line length, at times referred to as line width. Psychologists, typographers and others working in the field of reading and advertising have demonstrated the effects of line length on readability of text. Two of the questions addressed in past studies include: How long should a column of text be, to optimize readability of the text? Which view is more preferred by readers --- multiple narrow columns or one wide column with the same amount of information content? Research has led to recommendations that line length should not exceed about 70 characters per line. The reason behind this finding is that both very short and very long lines slow down reading by interrupting the normal pattern of eye movements and movements throughout the text. In a world of personal digital devices (PDAs), one-inch cell phone displays and of wide-screen TVs and full-wall computer displays, the question of line length has renewed timeliness. Studies reviewed here show that different aspects of reading performance such as comprehension, reading speed, method of movement (e.g., paging and scrolling) and eye movements are affected by changes in line length. In addition to that, various typographic factors such as font type and size, line and character spacing as well as different screen structures such as varying number of columns and screen sizes also affect readability. These factors have an effect on optimal line length for the text read from printed or on-screen material.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Rane:2005:RDS, author = "Mandar S. Rane", title = "Rationalizing Design Sensitivity", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "2", pages = "146--167", month = may, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N2_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "The advent of digital technology has created a radical shift in execution tools within the realm of graphic design. This has turned out to be a blessing and a problem in relation to the context and the user. Working with traditional tools, like the brush, ink, paper or pencil, which were simple to use, fortunately allowed errors while executing a task and indirectly promoted learning and sensitivity. More was understood by doing, sharing and observing each other, in comparison to computers, which nowadays, only permit individual participation from the user. Today's new tools and software of offer error-free execution, making a task easier for an individual to create a layout, use a typeface, choose a color or an image with `utmost insensitivity,' particularly among novice learners of the discipline. Apparently, it leads them to demand more rational approaches to understanding graphic design sensitivity. Considering the above as an impediment to exploration in foundation design courses, this paper focuses on enhancing dual-processing modes, i.e., vertical and lateral in the context of contemporary design education, with the introduction of a tailored course for teaching visual order in two-dimensional graphic design. The reference is to issues in graphic design (typography) dealing with sensitivity; which at times seems difficult to rationalize. The method the experiment adopts is to create a problem, for students based on certain predefined criteria, which needs to be fulfilled, plus ensuring them the freedom to generate solutions laterally. Once students transform the given problems into solutions, the instructor unveils the underlying principles of graphic design with simple analogies, finding parallels with elements and principles of design. Instead of adopting a conclusive approach of being right or wrong, that hinders exploration, students engage with the contextual nature of graphic design. The method also uses collaborative learning as a remedy to address the contemporary issue of individual submission to the dominance of the new media, in which beginners in the discipline struggle most of the time with the tool, rather than the task.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Snart:2005:UWB, author = "Jason Snart", title = "{UnReading} {William Blake}'s Marginalia", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "2", pages = "168--193", month = may, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N2_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "Though William Blake is a central figure in the academy, there is one particular area of his work that receives little attention: the marginalia. And when annotations are incorporated into Blake studies, scholars tend to turn for quotation to typeset Blake editions, which do not communicate the visual complexity of the annotations. In addition to being visually dynamic, the marginalia provide evidence of Blake engaging the printed book of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and are thus part of his work as a bookmaker. Blake's books are radically different technologies for representation than are the books he was annotating. Further, Blake's experience as a reader and annotator are reflected in his poetic universe, in which readers, writers and books figure so prominently.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Chahine:2005:LER, author = "Nadine Chahine", title = "Letters to the {Editor}: a reply to {``The Mutamathil Type Style''}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "2", pages = "194--201", month = may, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:11:37 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Abulhab:2004:MTS,Abulhab:2005:R}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N2_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Abulhab:2005:R, author = "Saad Abulhab", title = "Response", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "2", pages = "202--207", month = may, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:11:37 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See \cite{Abulhab:2004:MTS,Chahine:2005:LER}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N2_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2005:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "2", pages = "208--208", month = may, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:11:37 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N2_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2005:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "209--209", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:11:37 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:2005:I, author = "Ken Friedman and Owen Smith", title = "Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "212--217", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:11:37 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Smith:2005:TLA, author = "Owen F. Smith", title = "Teaching and Learning about {Fluxus}: thoughts, observations and suggestions from the front lines", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "218--235", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "Fluxus embraces a rich network of directions and implications. This essay suggests that it is impossible to understand some aspects of Fluxus by using traditional history as the only approach. Understanding the complex qualities of Fluxus as more than a relation of documents and dates requires a different approach. The author states that direct participation in Fluxus activities must supplement other forms of inquiry for deep understanding. The typical Fluxus work is a conceptualization of art and artistic processes. They are rooted in direct participatory engagement. We find this argument in the writings of the Fluxus artists when they call for what Dick Higgins labels exemplativist practice. Fluxus implies --- even demands --- creative and playful interaction in which the viewer moves from a passive to an active role. In this shift, the viewer becomes the co-producer of works, creating new objects, manifestations and experiences.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Clavez:2005:FRP, author = "Bertand Clavez", title = "{Fluxus} --- Reference or Paradigm for Young Contemporary Artists?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "236--247", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "It is often said that Fluxus exerts profound influence on contemporary artists. This essay argues that Fluxus has done much more than this. This article argues that Fluxus has, in fact, established the general frame of contemporary art. Fluxus did this by reshaping the paradigm within which art is made in Thomas Kuhn's sense of the term paradigm. Rather than exerting a visible influence on artists, Fluxus forms the invisible background to much contemporary art. As a result, young artists are generally unaware of Fluxus and its achievements even though they create works that are strongly inspired by it. This article points to similarities and differences between the era in which Fluxus was born and the current moment. It examines the relationship of art and artist to audience, the mingling of art and life, cultural institutions and economic structures as key concepts in Fluxus work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Higgins:2005:FO, author = "Hannah Higgins", title = "{Fluxkids} (Overview)", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "248--277", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "``Fluxkids'' is a group name that evolved among a particular group of the children of Fluxus artists in and around New York in the 1960s and 1970s. The Fluxkids lived Fluxus in a way unlike anyone else has ever done --- they grew up together backstage and in the concert halls of Fluxus performances and at Fluxus exhibitions, as well as at other venues such as Charlotte Moorman's Annual New York Festival of the Avant-Garde. The texts in this article represent a group portrait of the ``Fluxkids.'' Assembled by Hannah Higgins, many of the Fluxkids contributed to this collection. It presents their unique view of Fluxus activities and offers a group portrait of Fluxus as the children of the New York Fluxus artists experienced it. The mutual context of growing-up Fluxus means that they shared similar experiences. As different people from different families, much is unique to each of them and each voice has its own place in the collection.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bloom:2005:FFB, author = "Ina Bloom", title = "{Fluxus} Futures, {Ben Vautier}'s Signature Acts and the Historiography of the Avant-garde", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "278--307", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay reads Ben Vautier's signature work of the 1960s as a historiographical performance that questions the notion of the avant-garde as a tradition. Vautier challenges the notion that a continuous stream of new artists finds their place in relation to an historical progression established by avant-garde practices. Vautier puts the personal signature to uses that are both ridiculous and revolting, conjuring up a world of violent personal affects. At the same time, his uses of the signature transcend the realm of individual psychology. These signatures repeat the many signature acts of the avant-garde in an obsessive and abject way. Ultimately, they produce a notion of the avant-garde itself as one grand territorializing signature gesture that can equally be seen to sign nothing at all. Vautier's repetitions are representations of a series of early 1960s event works that open the very notion of an historical avant-garde to new determinations. This type of work also has ramifications for any discussion of ``Fluxus after Fluxus.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:2005:HHL, author = "Ken Friedman and Owen F. Smith", title = "History, Historiography and Legacy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "308--317", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay examines issues that typify Fluxus work and thinking through reflections on historiography, hermeneutics and historicism. Because Fluxus actively engenders possibilities and futures, it activates the question of legacy. Generating futures entails a dialog with the past. This dialog with history requires historiography, articulate reflection on how we make and write history --- and articulate reflection on how we understand it. While such an understanding is necessary for historians who seek to understand the past of a phenomenon such as Fluxus, it was of central import to the artists, architects, composers and designers who created Fluxus and to those who desire to actively continue the Fluxus traditions. This conversation transcends the art world to embrace larger social and cultural aspirations. This key to understanding Fluxus has often been overlooked, and it partly explains the failure of mainstream art historians to understand Fluxus. The first developments that became Fluxus reveal a community of artists, architects, composers and designers with an articulate awareness of history in all its many dimensions. Throughout its history, Fluxus has continued this multidimensional dialog between past, present and future.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2005:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume 39}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "318--319", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:11:37 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2005:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "39", number = "3", pages = "320--320", month = sep, year = "2005", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:11:37 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V39N3_2005_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2006:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:57:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:2006:DL, author = "Ken Friedman and Owen F. Smith", title = "The Dialectics of Legacy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "4--11", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "Legacy involves difficulties, for those who inherit and for those who do not. The history that is a gift and a burden when it involves art is equally problematic when it involves the Fluxus intermedia forms that hover between art and life. This article explores the challenging questions of Fluxus legacy: the right to participate in a discourse network, canon formation, literature development, the work and feelings of younger artists toward a heritage that some demand and others reject. These issues particularly vex the Fluxus legacy. An invisible college of artists, composers, designers and architects created Fluxus. It functioned as a laboratory of experimental ideas. The Fluxus challenge to art and the art world took place on political and economic grounds and involved artistic means and philosophical principle. The shift of Fluxus discourse from outsider status to historical standing is bound up with and transformed in meaning by the institutions that collect, preserve and interpret historical artifacts and documents. These artifacts and documents once tried to tell different versions of the Fluxus story to a relatively uninterested world. Today, they tell a complex and often misunderstood story to a world that seems to be interested in Fluxus for precisely wrong reasons, a situation that defeats Fluxus with the trappings of success. This article explores the dialectical and hermeneutical work of recovery, to address the challenge of legacy by examining its many aspects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Klefstad:2006:WFC, author = "Ann Klefstad", title = "What Has {Fluxus} Created?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "12--27", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "A brief survey of current Fluxus-based practices and their relation to historical Fluxus opens an essay that examines current Fluxus-based practice. The author focuses on artists active in Fluxlist, an Internet discussion list that serves as a central locus of current Fluxus activity. Klefstad moves on to discuss the contentious problem of canonicity in Fluxus, reflecting on the changing role of the art canon in an era of artistic innovation. In such a time, the author contends, critical categories can no longer be the basis of canon construction. Instead, collectors and arts institutions create the canon and the rise in economic value of selected artifacts determines their canonical status. At the same time, the exclusive --- and exclusionary --- nature of the canon helps to establish and reinforce economic value. A complex network of economic and political dynamics points to a central question that asks how such anti-canonical groups such as Fluxus can relate to the possibility of such a canon. Klefstad concludes by proposing that the continuing spirit of Fluxus is found in the actions of those excluded from the canon.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moren:2006:ISM, author = "Lisa Moren", title = "Introductions: Signatures, Music, Computers, Paranoia, Smells, Danger \& the Sky", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "28--43", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "This project is a collection of scored works in the form of a response poem, a conversation across generations of artists and among bodies of work. The conversation takes place in an assembled composition of old and new event scores. By scoring contemporary art actions as if they were Fluxus event scores, artist Lisa Moren brings un-scored art actions into the realm of Fluxus and intermedia, a gesture that walks the line between art and life. This project is titled as an homage to Takehisa Kosugi's Theater Music, the score to which reads: ``Keep Walking Intently.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2006:AS, author = "Anonymous", title = "Artists' Statements", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "44--65", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "Twelve artists, active in various media, reflect on their relationship to Fluxus. Their comments reveal essential aspects of Fluxus that inspire their own work. The offerings are celebratory, ironic and questioning.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pearce:2006:GAA, author = "Celia Pearce", title = "Games as Art: The Aesthetics of Play", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "66--89", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "Connections between Fluxus indeterminacy, collaboration and open-endedness are connected to game art and its creative and sometimes subversive moves. Beginning with Marcel Duchamp's interest in games and continuing to John Cage's interest in chance operations along with various Fluxus artist's conceptions, the author moves through techniques and issues that underpin digital game development and its relation to Fluxus principles. Questions are raised and answered: What is a game? Why game art? Collective action through networks and Open Source strategies are explored. Mods, patches, scores and chance and the ways in which they subvert existing games or integrate the creative capacity of game designer with player are discussed and sometimes shown.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:2006:LF, author = "Ken Friedman", title = "The Literature of {Fluxus}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "90--113", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "The literature of Fluxus documents a conversation on the concepts, media forms and practices developed in an international laboratory of artists, architects, composers, designers and poets. It also documents a dramatic shift in impact and reception. Half a century ago, Fluxus participants did most of their own writing. Today, a far broader conversation includes a wide variety of writers from many fields and disciplines. This article traces a half-century of change and growth from a critical perspective. It addresses problems in the work of early writers, enthusiastic but personal, often flawed by inaccuracies reflecting personal positions while lacking historiographic awareness. It also raises questions and issues that scholars and critics must consider in today's intermedia era. Serious contributions to the literature of Fluxus now join personal reflection, philosophical depth and careful scholarship. The growth of excellent writing and the accessibility of source documents make this a time of renewal and opportunity for the literature of Fluxus. The claims of history require establishing a literary space in which the original Fluxus voices speak while allowing writers the freedom of multiple interpretations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:2006:FB, author = "Ken Friedman and Owen F. Smith", title = "A {Fluxus} Bibliography", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "114--127", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "This is a highly selective bibliography on Fluxus. A complete bibliography on Fluxus and the Fluxus artists requires hundreds of pages of small print and any selection falls short. Our selection offers a broad overview of articles, books and catalogues. It is a sampler more than a systematic compilation. Those who seek a comprehensive view will find a far richer collection by using the bibliography of bibliographies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2006:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "1", pages = "128--128", month = jan, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 16:57:15 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N1_2006_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2006:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "2", pages = "130--130", month = may, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:00:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N2_2006_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zuern:2006:SSS, author = "John Zuern", title = "System, Suspension, Seduction: {Anne Bush}'s Critical Design Practice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "2", pages = "132--154", month = may, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 08:04:11 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/182; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N2_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "For the past decade, in additional to her contributions as a design historian, theorist, educator and professional designer, Anne Bush has created works of installations art that engage their viewers in a set of questions about the role of design in the construction of knowledge. Fa{\c{c}}ade (1995), ``Type'' Specimen (1998), Trust (2002), and Library/Catalogue (2003) all fuse typography with a range of materials that have become fundamental to human interactions with each other and the environment --- including banknotes and the basic tools of scientific research such as microscope slides, test tubes and books. With these installations, Bush constructs conceptual way-finding systems that operate on both large and intimate scales to orient the visitors not only to the specific details of the spaces in which the works are installed, but also to the general systems of demarcation, classification and control that shape our comprehension of our world.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Shelton:2006:BSP, author = "Barrie Shelton and Emiko Okayama", title = "Between Script and Pictures in {Japan}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "2", pages = "155--176", month = may, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 08:04:11 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N2_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "Starting with the brush as the common instrument for rendering both word and picture, the paper outlines various visual characteristics of Japanese script. It also demonstrates how combinations of words and pictures have been used interchangeably and occupied the same space in every form of Japanese creative production --- from story writing to advertising. These characteristics are shown to have encouraged leading novelists to think graphically and artists to think textually. Finally, it reflects on this Japanese condition to question the commonly held view that there is a clear divide between script and picture.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2006:AID, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Advancing Icon Design for Global Nonverbal Communication: or What does the word bow mean?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "2", pages = "177--206", month = may, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 08:04:11 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N2_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "Written language is limited in effectiveness to those who can read. Verbal language is effective only for those who understand the particular language being spoken. But everyone, except those with obvious visual impairment, can effectively perceive images without regard for literacy or language. For decades these realities have suggested the promise of a universal visual language but with little real result. The occasional Olympic event sign or restroom door sign are the state of the art for global non-verbal communication. While icon design has evolved little since the 1970s, the world has moved on. Increasing economic globalization and the expansion of global communication networks have made it easier to deliver messages and more important to do so, while science has advanced understanding of perception and cognition establishing principles only speculated about in the 1970s. The dream of using images to greatly facilitate global communication persists. Unfortunately, image-based communication is not currently well enough informed by principles of effectiveness to attempt such a project. To address this problem a team of researchers assembled at the University of Cincinnati to explore the development of advanced techniques for global and non-verbal or image-based communication. The team explored novel approaches and identified several principles designed to expand icon-based communications so that it can communicate more complex messages and more abstract concepts with greater specificity than previously.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Swanson:2006:TDA, author = "Eric Swanson and Stacie Sabady and Chris Yin", title = "Teaching Design: Analysis from Three Different Analytical Perspectives", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "2", pages = "207--237", month = may, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Feb 11 08:04:11 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N2_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "Design education encompasses various teaching strategies with classes typically evaluated by students at the end of the term. This evaluation is often perfunctory; in contrast, the observational research presented in this paper examines a variety of design classes as they are taught, then analyses the observations through three perspectives; across instructor comparisons, comparisons across class activities with regard to student behavior and the relationship between manual skill and reflective practice in studio work. While the study has a limited scope, the methods and analytical perspectives suggest new ways to improve teaching and learning in design programs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2006:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "2", pages = "238--240", month = may, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:00:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N2_2006_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2006:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "3", pages = "244--244", month = sep, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:03:02 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N3_2006_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reynolds:2006:CRL, author = "Linda Reynolds and Sue Walker and Allison Duncan", title = "Children's Responses to Line Spacing in Early Reading Books or ``Holes to tell which line you're on''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "3", pages = "246--267", month = sep, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N3_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper describes a study designed to find out whether children's reading would be affected by line spacing that is wider or narrower than the commonly used default values. The realistic high quality test material was set using a range of four different line spacing values, and twenty-four children in Years 1 and 2 (between five and seven years old) were asked to read aloud to the researcher. Audiotapes of the children's reading were analyzed, using miscue analysis to compare the number and kind of reading errors made on the different spacing versions. The children were also asked whether they could see any differences between the four versions, which they thought was easiest to read, which they thought was most difficult and which version they would like to take home with them. The results indicate that line spacing that was wider or narrower than the default value did not significantly affect the children's reading performance. However, three-quarters of the children did notice differences between at least the extreme versions, and there was a tendency for the more widely space versions to be perceived as the most difficult. Children who nominated the more widely spaced versions as easiest or preferred generally gave reasons related to the line spacing or to the apparent size or weight of the type; those who favored the more closely spaced versions tended to give less well defined reasons, or to cite nonexistent differences in the content or length of the text.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moura:2006:AMI, author = "Heloisa Moura", title = "Analyzing Multimodal Interaction within a Classroom Setting", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "3", pages = "270--291", month = sep, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N3_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "Human interactions are multimodal in nature. From simple to complex forms of transferal of information, human beings draw on a multiplicity of communicative modes, such as intonation and gaze, to make sense of everyday experiences. Likewise, the learning process, either within traditional classrooms or Virtual Learning Environments, is shaped by learners' perceptions of what is being communicated multimodally to them intentionally or not, and by the perceptible pedagogical affordances of the environment. This paper examines the specific place of action and multimodal interaction within the learning process. It starts by defining learning and multimodal interaction. Next, it expands on an existing methodological framework for analyzing multimodal interaction in order to include affordances for learning and to visually map the central role of action to learning. Finally, it makes use of the reviewed methodological framework to analyze a video ethnographic study of interactions that take place within a graduate Design classroom.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Abulhab:2006:TBA, author = "Saad D. Abulhab", title = "Typography Behind {Arabetic} Calligraphy Veil", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "3", pages = "294--307", month = sep, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See also \cite{Abulhab:2004:MTS,Abulhab:2008:AAT}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N3_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "In the change from scriptural writing systems to textual mechanical systems and most recently to digital, computer generated text, some languages and their typographic representations have suffered. One such language, along with its visible language representation, that has not made a smooth transition is Arabic. The author argues that misinterpreting language tradition prevents what he calls Arabetic typography from embracing an appropriate technological adaptation. Putting forth an evolutionary argument, he critiques the notion that calligraphic styles must prevail and that legibility and readability of Arabic characters are objective. He further states that the resulting typefaces, when the so-called `Arabic script rules' are abandoned, are similar in visual impact to the `free calligraphy' typefaces already widely used in the marketplace. Finally he challenges the notion that technological maturity has been reached in digital character input and generation. Following these critiques, he demonstrates the awkward input system for Arabetic text and proposes a Natural Arabetic Input Method. A political and economic subtext runs throughout the essay.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Chiang:2006:CMO, author = "William Chiang", title = "Comparison of {Maya} and Oracle Bone Scripts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "3", pages = "310--333", month = sep, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N3_2006_E.pdf", abstract = "Maya script and Oracle Bone script are described and compared in terms of relationship between glyph, sound and meaning, glyph composition and grapheme positioning. They are found to be similar in having graphemes that are pictographic and adaptable to different glyph compositions, having glyphs that are square shaped, belonging to the category of logo-syllabic scripts and having the textual device of double dots/dashes for repetition. They are different in that Oracle Bone script is more abstract and has a much higher number of glyphs, that grapheme shape and the relationship between glyph, sound and meaning is more standardized than in Maya script. Another difference is that there are many more cases in Maya where one glyph includes several words, and that Maya is closer to the syllabic end on the logo-syllabic continuum. It is suggested that these differences may be the result of differences in the conceptions of ``self'' (as suggested by Houston and Stuart), the languages, the degree of political centralization and the extent of public use of the scripts. It is also suggested that early writing systems may reflect how tightly morphemes are bound in language, as the agglutinative nature of Maya language may have led to the Maya script's containing more multi-word glyphs. It is surmised that the literacy rate in the two societies may have been similar.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2006:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index for {Volume 40}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "3", pages = "334--335", month = sep, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:03:02 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N3_2006_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2006:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "40", number = "3", pages = "336--336", month = sep, year = "2006", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:03:02 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V40N3_2006_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2007:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:18:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ruecker:2007:DRP, author = "Stan Ruecker and Lisa M. Given and Elizabeth Sadler and Andrea Ruskin and Heather Simpson", title = "Design of a Rich-Prospect Browsing Interface for Seniors", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "4--22", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "A Qualitative Study of Image Similarity Clustering This paper examines inclusive design delivery through interface design, with a particular focus on access to healthcare resources for seniors. The goal of the project was to examine how seniors are able to access drug information using two different online systems. In the existing retrieval system, pills are identified using a standard search interface. In the new browsing prototype, all of the pill images appear on a single screen, where the user identifies images by clustering the pills displayed by choosing similarity criteria related to the database search terms (e.g., all white pills or all pills of a certain size). The feedback mechanism in this interface involves re-organization of the pill images that are already visible to the user. We used a qualitative, task-based verbal analysis protocol with 12 participants aged 65 and older who were asked to locate pill images in each database and to discuss their preferences for navigation, aesthetics and the results that appear on the screen. By assessing the features of both interfaces, the results suggest possible models that could be applied in meeting seniors' information retrieval needs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2007:VLE, author = "Mike Zender and Keith A. Crutcher", title = "Visual Language for the Expression of Scientific Concepts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "23--49", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "The accelerating rate of data generation and resulting publications are taxing the ability of scientific investigators to stay current with the emerging literature. This problem, acute in science, is not uncommon in other areas. New approaches to managing this explosion of information are needed. While it is only possible to read one paper or abstract at a time, it is possible to grasp concepts presented visually in milliseconds. This suggests the possibility of developing a visual language to represent concepts from a multitude of published papers in an accurate display that is highly condensed, yet readable in seconds.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ruecker:2007:BEB, author = "Stan Ruecker and Kirsten C. Uszkalo", title = "Binding the Electronic Book: Design Features for Bibliophiles", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "50--69", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper proposes a design for the electronic book based on discussions with frequent book readers. We adopted a conceptual framework for this project consisting of a spectrum of possible designs, with the conventional bound book at one difference pole, and the laptop computer at the other; the design activity then consisted of appropriately locating the new electronic book somewhere on this spectrum. Our data collection consisted of a web-based survey and two focus groups, all of which used a set of questions based on five human factors, to collect information on the opinions and practices common to graduate students in English and other frequent readers. Our goal was to identify features considered crucial by frequent book readers. We addressed the goal of incorporating these features by developing an electronic book design called the Bi Sheng, which attempts to accommodate the significant features of conventional books while adding functionality derived from the electronic form of the text.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Backhaus:2007:AAP, author = "Peter Backhaus", title = "Alphabet {\em ante portas\/}: How {English} Text Invades {Japanese} Public Space", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "70--87", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See also earlier study \cite{Saint-Jacques:1987:RAJ}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper examines the prominence of written English on shop signs in Japan. Based on data from a larger empirical study into multilingual signs in Tokyo, the most common ways of using English and the Roman alphabet on Japanese shops signs are identified. It is argued that the ambivalent nature of English loan words plays a key role in the ever-growing visibility of English in Japanese public spaces. Focusing on one special type of sign --- price lists outside hairdressers' --- how the use of English loan words entail the general use of English and the Roman alphabet is shown, which in the long run results in signs completely functioning in English.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2007:BRJa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {Janet Abrams and Peter Hall, Editors, \booktitle{Else\slash Where: Mapping New Cartographies of Networks and Territories}, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006. ISBN 0-9729696-2-4, 320 pages, softbound, full color illustrations}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "88--89", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:18:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2007:BRJb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {John Maeda, \booktitle{The Laws of Simplicity: Design, Technology, Business, Life}, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. ISBN 0-262-13472-1. 108 pages, hardbound, \$20.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "90--91", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:18:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2007:BRJc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {Jonas L{\"o}wgren and Erik Stolterman, \booktitle{Thoughtful Interaction Design: a Design Perspective on Information Technology}, MIT Press, 2004. ISBN 0-262-12271-5, 198 pages, hardbound, black and white illustrations, \$35.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "92--93", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:18:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2007:BRJd, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {Jay David Bolter and Diane Gromala, \booktitle{Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art and the Myth of Transparency} Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003. ISBN 0-262-02545-0, 182 pages, softbound, black and white illustrations, \$17.95 }", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "94--95", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:18:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2007:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = jan, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:18:41 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N1_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sless:2007:DP, author = "David Sless", title = "Designing Philosophy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "2", pages = "", month = may, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N2_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "Drawing on the everyday experience of collaborative design, and using ordinary language, I examine the nature of design practices and rules, how they come about, and how we use them. I offer some arguments to suggest that our conventional ways of thinking about rules are wrong. I conclude by arguing that the practice of designing and doing philosophy are merging, opening up exciting new possibilities.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2007:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "2", pages = "98--98", month = may, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:32:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N2_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Siess:2007:DP, author = "David Siess", title = "Designing Philosophy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "2", pages = "101--126", month = may, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:32:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N2_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kenix:2007:HIN, author = "Linda Jean Kenix", title = "The Homogenized Imagery of Non-Profit Organizations on the {Internet}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "2", pages = "127--161", month = may, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N2_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "This research evaluates websites from 200 `non-deviant' and 200 `deviant' non-profit organizations to better understand the relationship between the type of advocacy group and the visual imagery used for self-representation. Seventeen of 21 variables measured for this study found no difference between non-deviant and deviant non-profit organizations' visual representations on the Internet. These findings potentially complicate the notion of a diverse communicative sphere. As non-profits face the responsibility of representing themselves to potentially millions of viewers online, it is suggested that self-imposed `normalizing' restrictions on visual constructions of organizational identity may be inevitable. The societal implications of homogenized imagery from non-profit organizations online are discussed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Yu:2007:RVH, author = "Lawrence Chun-wai Yu", title = "Relating the Visual and the Headline in {Chinese} Print Advertisements", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "2", pages = "163--189", month = may, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N2_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "The most important components in modern print advertisements are the visual and the headline. The interplay between these two components is poorly understood, and is typically judged by experience, feelings or common sense. Based on classical rhetoric, Gui Bonsiepe's visual/verbal figures and other literature sources including Chinese ones, this paper examines the relationship between the visual and the headline in 1,562 Chinese print advertisements collected from Longyin Review --- the only Chinese creative advertising reference periodical. The study develops a typology for analyzing these relationships from two aspects: Physical and Conceptual. The physical aspect looks at the visual ordering of the visual and the headline, and the conceptual aspect concerns the ways in which these two components jointly form and present creative ideas. The typology provides a new tool for Chinese advertising practitioners to review their own or other people's work, and it supplements what Bonsiepe has done. The findings compare the data in different ways and draw preliminary conclusions on the linkages between the various physical and conceptual relationships.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2007:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "2", pages = "190--190", month = may, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:32:13 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N2_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2007:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "194--194", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:34:59 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Westendorp:2007:VMU, author = "Piet Westendorp and Karel van der Waarde", title = "Visual Metaphors in User Instructions", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "196--203", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "Introducing this special issue, Visual Metaphors, the role of metaphor and our various understandings of metaphor are discussed. Articles are introduced revealing their particular foundational position with regard to metaphor. The array of information applications covered by authors in this issue is broad, from italic type to nutrition diagrams, from computer interface to designers' abstraction processes. Examples with analyses regarding abstraction and reference are all part of the investigation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Meirelles:2007:UMD, author = "Isabel Meirelles", title = "The Use of Metaphors in Dietary Visual Displays Around the World", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "204--219", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "Many countries have developed visual displays summarizing key scientific information on diet and health for the general public. The article analyzes the use of metaphors in dietary visual displays in seven countries. The objective is to examine how spatial organization and its graphical representation reflect conceptual organization. It investigates the correspondences between metaphors, schemas and visual depictions in the diagrams vis-{\`a}-vis the nutrition concepts they stand for: Do the displays foster understanding of dietary information? Do they support perceptual inferences? Do they facilitate decision-making in food consumption?", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mitchel:2007:RTC, author = "Marilyn Mitchel and Peter van Sommers", title = "Representations of Time in Computer Interface Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "220--245", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "The linguistic representation of time or tense is based upon a spatial metaphor: time is a path or trajectory. This metaphor has analogies in computer interface design in graphics such as feedback indicators, buttons and application windows that represent their current availability, icons that contain arrows to represent screen movements, and icons used to help users temporally orient themselves within an interface. It is generally agreed that the success of graphical user interfaces is based upon their ability to provide appropriate conceptual models for enabling human-computer action. One important model for such interaction is for time, which incorporates notions of change and movement. To describe how time is represented in computer interfaces, the paper makes comparisons to the structure of tense in both spoken language and in the sign language of the deaf and also looks at the impact of the structure of writing on representations of time. It is argued that visual representations of time help computer users by providing information about the length of time for a process to complete; the functions that are available now versus those used in the past or ones available in the future; how to move through a set of data; how an object on screen can move; and for some applications, the time order in which data has been received or used or the order in which operations were or are to be performed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Jones:2007:IUT, author = "Phil Jones", title = "Italicization and Understanding Texts through Metaphoric Projections of Movement", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "246--265", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "Bellantoni and Woolman (2000) note that ``Italic and oblique typefaces possess a kinetic quality because of their slant to the right.'' But what is the nature of this kinetic quality and why is it imparted in this way? This paper explores kinetics, not as a property of italics, but as a manifestation of cognitive work involving metaphoric projection, for which the typeface is but a cue. It will use concepts from cognitive semantics (Lakoff and Johnson, 1999; Fauconnier and Turner, 2002) to posit the idea that the dynamic quality of italics arises from pre-conceptual structures (such as image schemas) related to embodied experiences of writing and running. These structures form the basis for higher level metaphors to be constructed in cognition. Consequently, a layout incorporating italics is metaphorical to the extent that the concept of running is used (consciously or unconsciously) to understand an arrangement of type characters. Furthermore it is argued that the meaning we construct from italic type is not a simple correspondence between slanted letters and the body in motion, but is situated; resulting from a blend of concepts triggered by such things as the meanings of the words italicized and the site/s where they appear.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wang:2007:MGA, author = "Regina W. Y. Wang and Chun Cheng Hsu", title = "The Method of Graphic Abstraction in Visual Metaphor", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "266--279", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "In the design fields, graphics are often a media of communication whose goal is to reach mutual understanding. The process of graphic abstraction is one of the most important methods in visual design. Designers often use it to enhance the recognition and impression of observers. This paper investigated abstraction methods through design software research and designer practice research. The result showed that the major tools used in designer practice research are paintbrushes (traditional hand-drawing medium) and software filters (computer media). Three abstraction methods were identified: (a) shape simplification method, (b) quantitative reduction and (c) software-aided simplification. It was discovered that designers used the programs mainly for the simplification of overall image (plane) and comparatively little to simplify `points' or `lines.' In addition, the design software cannot fulfill designers' needs for visual abstraction. The finding of this study hopes to provide valuable references for user instructions, graphic design and computer-aided design applications.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Davis:2007:SD, author = "Stephen Boyd Davis", title = "A Schema for Depiction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "280--300", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", abstract = "The article proposes a five-part schema for analyzing the design process in constructing visual representations. Its purpose is to highlight the multiple ways in which the objectives of a design influence the final form: pictorial pragmatism, driven by the objectives, is taken to be the dominant force in determining that form. The schema is valuable when considering the relationship between aspects of the reality to be modeled and those of the designed representation. While accepting that a useful distinction is captured by the terms realistic and metaphorical, an argument is developed that this distinction cannot be strictly held. The notion of expressivity is examined and the pragmatic model of depiction is further explored, in which expressivity often is shown to be increased by mismatches between what is seen and its graphical representation. The aims of the article are: to question simplistic models of depiction; to provide a simple but robust framework for thinking about depiction and related forms of designing; and to act as a guide in the advanced education of designers, in particular making them aware of the extent of the choices open to them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2007:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "301--302", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:34:59 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2007:IVL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index for {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} Volume 41", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "302--303", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:34:59 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2007:C, author = "Anonymous", title = "Colophon", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "41", number = "3", pages = "304--304", month = sep, year = "2007", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 17:34:59 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V41N3_2007_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2008:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Armstrong:2008:AGL, author = "David Scott Armstrong and Patrick Mahon", title = "After the Grave: Language and Materiality", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "4--13", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "The introductory essay highlights a double sense of the word grave which is brought together in this issue as a means of getting at an aesthetic and a material zeitgeist: the prevalent feeling is that our current cultural moment harbors material and virtual means of artistic and written iteration that are in profound states of transition. The introduction to this issue focuses on intersections between written language and material sign, text and image, and on the links between the histories of specific art medias that speak to notions of passage and a passage-beyond. Commenting on the major essays in the issue and their respective engagements with art and text in light of shifting materialities, the introduction also situates a series of ``artist's projects'' in relation to the themes of the project.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Armstrong:2008:SPL, author = "David Scott Armstrong", title = "Sfumato, or, Print: Like a Vanishing Point Grown Over by Its Picture Plane", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "14--27", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "In turning toward that which has fallen out of use, one approaches the threshold between presence and passing; between knowing and forgetting. It is the place, perhaps the unexpected pause, where language and loss meet. This essay speculates on the particular apparatus of print, the making and unmaking of its medium in a time of technological transition, and endeavors to locate its place within a congested space of language, memory and the outmoded. The conceit of Sfumato announced in the title of this essay and carried throughout echoes such considerations about what it means to make print now. It brings forward an apparatus historically inscribed, a tool, or armature from which images are composed, yet one subject to time and its corrosive atmosphere. Neither to be discarded and forgotten, nor blindly used as an instrument of utility, but rather brought forward through the contingencies of time as a material and metaphoric occurrence.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mahon:2008:XBE, author = "Patrick Mahon", title = "{Xu Bing}, {Ed Pien} and {Gu Xiong}: Lost and Found in Translation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "28--43", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "The works of contemporary artists Xu Bing, Ed Pien and Gu Xiong are involved in bringing to light some of the factors inherent in social, cultural and linguistic translation. In doing so, each artist is also engaged in the nuanced activity of moving between historical and contemporary aesthetic strategies in order to interrogate the way meaning is produced through materials-based iterations, against a backdrop of public culture. This essay situates the works of Xu Bing, Ed Pien and Gu Xiong in relation to each artist's own respective practice which has spanned more than twenty years. Concentrating specifically on projects where the artists mobilize Western-influenced art methodologies and refer to traditional Chinese/Asian art styles, the essay makes canny revelations about the nature of communication, and on linguistic and material translation, in contemporary culture in the globalizing world.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Takahashi:2008:ADF, author = "Tess Takahashi", title = "After the Death of Film: Writing the Natural World in the Digital Age", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "44--69", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "This essay argues that the North American cinematic avant-garde's interest in celluloid film's materiality goes to the heart of our culture's current anxiety about the digital ability to seamlessly trans-code, endlessly reproduce and recklessly disseminate images of all stripes. It traces the ways in which celluloid film's capacity for registering the marks made by the artist's hand, natural elements and accidents function as writing in the work of filmmakers Greta Snider, David Gatten, Lynn Kirby among others.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:AP, author = "Anonymous", title = "Artist's Projects", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "70--108", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "This section is comprised of a grouping of writings, art works, or a combination of both, in a series of artist project pages. The eight artists included here present a broad range of interests and approaches, yet can be seen as related in their address to ideas concerning the challenge to link language and materiality in the contemporary moment. Seen here is a collection of artist's works that take up a concern for the physical act of marking, by way of the machine or hand, whether for writing or recording. Other aspects of the works display an interest in the pertinent relationships between present and past, and between pre-existing cultural forms or conventions concerning cultural expression and language --- and in their subsequent ``reframing'' as contemporary art, as critique and as dialogue.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% The projects are recorded in these entries, whence the %%% overlapping page numbers. @Article{Thib:2008:IT, author = "Jeannie Thib", title = "``{Image}'' and ``Text''", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "70--75", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brennan:2008:OSF, author = "Blair Brennan", title = "Only a Sudden Flaming Word", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "76--81", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gardner:2008:SCN, author = "Joscelyn Gardner", title = "Subverting a {Caribbean} `natural' history", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "82--85", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Balfour:2008:WM, author = "Barbara Balfour", title = "A Writer's Manual", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "86--89", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Merritt:2008:AAC, author = "David Merritt", title = "Allmusic Aspires to the Condition of Image", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "90--93", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mahon:2008:EDL, author = "Patrick Mahon", title = "Excerpts from the Drawn Like Money Series", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "94--97", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Armstrong:2008:TTT, author = "David Scott Armstrong", title = "Turning, Turner, Turned", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "98--101", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lexier:2008:RS, author = "Micah Lexier", title = "Revelation Series", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "102--108", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:AN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Author Notes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "109--110", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "1", pages = "111--111", month = jan, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Feb 19 20:47:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N1_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Page images in V42N2_2008_E.pdf are cropped, losing some of the page %%% numbers. @Article{Poggenpohl:2008:AB, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "115--115", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bessa:2008:SSS, author = "Pedro Bessa", title = "Skittish Skirts and Scanty Silhouettes: The Tribulations of Gender in Modern Signage", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "119--141", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "Signage, traffic signs and way-finding systems are the focus. Whether the pictograms used in such systems may be said to work through mechanisms of visual metaphor or not is the question addressed here, they certainly use pictures of individual objects to express abstract concepts. This requires learning and context for understanding. Nevertheless pictography seems to have other limitations. When compared to verbal language, a major example of these limitations is the representation of gender. In 2005, a survey of 49 signage systems at the University of Aveiro concluded that the female gender was under represented and heavily stereotyped. Notwithstanding, the article analyses a few recent attempts to use non-sexist traffic signs and signage, in order to determine whether it is possible to reform or improve pictographic languages.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Noel:2008:LIF, author = "Guillerminna No{\"e}l", title = "Language Impairment, Family Interaction and the Design of a Game", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "143--157", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "This case study describes a user-centered design approach in the area of aphasia. Aphasia is a language impairment that can take many forms, so a particular case provides the foundation for this work. The particularities of the individual with this condition and his social context are key to developing and designing an intervention that supports language use and fosters interaction. This article takes the reader through a research process that results in the production of a board game.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lee:2008:ONI, author = "Jae Young Lee", title = "{Otto Neurath}'s {Isotype} and the Rhetoric of Neutrality", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "159--180", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "Based on the modernist belief in universal objective and natural communication, Otto Neurath's Isotype sought to provide a pictorial language system that transcends linguistic and cultural barriers. This essay attempts to do a rhetorical analysis of Isotype, while recognizing that the underlying modernist principles are an unattainable dream. Employing Robin Kinross' notion of ``rhetoric of neutrality'' as a central theoretical concept, this essay gathers relevant theoretical concepts from rhetorical studies and linguistics, applying them to the analysis. The essay analyzes Isotype in two phases. First, it addresses the rhetorical aspects embedded in Isotype such as stylistic choices, value systems, political or cultural assumptions and visual arguments. Second, it examines how Neurath actively employs the rhetoric of neutrality with simplified form, limited colors, typeface and a generic quality and clustering of pictorial symbols to enhance objective and neutral properties of Isotype.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Abulhab:2008:AAT, author = "Saad D. Abulhab", title = "Anatomy of an {Arabetic} Type Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "181--193", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", note = "See also \cite{Abulhab:2004:MTS,Abulhab:2006:TBA}.", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "Arabetic type design, like type design in general should not be limited by rigid rules, other than those advocating open choice and user options. But as with all design fields, highlighting certain principles and guidelines is crucial to realizing a successful project. In an Arabetic font design environment, such guidelines and principles should reveal deeper understanding of various script's visual and behavioral defining characteristics rather than mere traditional calligraphic or handwriting norms. A main goal of this study is to emphasize that designing Arabetic fonts is much easier than portrayed, and designers of all backgrounds can be more involved designing rather than deciphering complexities. Classifying Arabic as complex may add challenge and thrill to a project, but can unfairly harm a flexible and powerful script. According to their connecting behavior in the traditional model, Arabetic letters are two types: restricted or unrestricted. Based on this and other observations, the study provides a solid design model, free of the restraints of the chaotic four shapes per letter model widely used today. It does that through a systematic analysis of the Arabic script rather than its historic calligraphic flavors. A Mutamathil type style font, Mehdi, is used by this study for visual illustration. But the model provided is equally valid for the design and implementation of any other Arabetic font including multiple glyphs per letter fonts. The choice of Mehdi is neither arbitrary nor biased given that its design also implements a complementary alternative input method, NAIM.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:BRA, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Acting with Technology, Activity Theory and Interaction Design}}, Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie A. Nardi. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006. ISBN-13 978-0-262-11298-7. Hardbound, 333 pages, black and white with diagrams, \$35.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "195--195", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:BRE, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Evocative Objects, Things We Think With}}, Sherry Turkle, editor. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007. ISBN 0-262-20168-2. Hard bound, 385 pages, black and white, illustrated, \$24.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "195--195", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:BRL, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Laws of Seeing}}, Wolfgang Metzger. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007. ISBN 0-262-13467-5. Hardbound, 203 pages, black and white, Illustrated, \$48.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "196--196", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:BRN, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{New Typographic Design}}, Roger Faxcett-Tang. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007. ISBN 10: 0-300-11775-2. Large format, 192 pages, full color, heavily illustrated \$35.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "196--196", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:BRP, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Print Is Dead, Books in Our Digital Age}}, Jeff Gomez. New York: Macmillan, 2008. ISBN 13: 978-0-230-52716-4. Hardbound, 221 pages, \$24.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "197--197", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:BRU, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Underground Maps After Beck}}, Maxwell J. Roberts. Harrow, UK: Capital Transport Publishing, 2005. Hardbound, large format, 112 pages with full color illustrations. ISBN 1-85414-286-0}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "197--198", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:BRW, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Words to be Looked At, Language in 1960s Art}}, Liz Kotz. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007. Hardbound, 333 pages, black and white, illustrated, \$29.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "198--198", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "201--202", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:CPS, author = "Anonymous", title = "Call for Papers: Special Issue: Communication Design Failures: Function \& Interpretation Scrutinized", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "2", pages = "205--206", month = may, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 06:54:51 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N2_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2008:DLD, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Design Literacy, Discourse and Communities of Practice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "213--236", month = sep, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N3_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "Presented primarily in the context of graduate education, this paper argues that apprentice-master pedagogical models of learning and the development of exclusively tacit knowledge are inadequate resources for preparing the next generation of high-level design practitioners or teachers. Today's design context requires more than formal aesthetic or technical skills --- it requires the ability to operate critically in an ever-growing information environment, the global economy and within inter- and multi-disciplinary teams. While all three of the just mentioned facets are important, this paper focuses on the information environment through discussion of design literacy, discourse and communities of practice.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poon:2008:PFP, author = "Janie Chun Nei Poon", title = "Palimpsest: The Future of the Past", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "237--264", month = sep, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N3_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "Palimpsest is a manuscript or parchment that has been reused by writing over the original writing, sometimes more than once. Scarcity has driven this practice of reuse. Here it is expanded into an appreciation of a representation that reveals past and present as the core for the study of heritage preservation by design. This paper seeks to propose a framework that applies tradition and modernity with the aim to preserve heritage and acquire modernity simultaneously. It begins by evaluating the meaning of heritage and its value, followed by introducing `palimpsest' as a design concept framework for future design practice. In this study, `palimpsest' examples from different fields are examined. Relationships between heritage, design value, culture and identity are identified with the intention to enrich the quality of design as a complete perspective on which to build future heritage. This study concludes with a concept framework that presents patterns that demonstrate practical ways in which heritage preservation can complement and support contemporary life.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fathulla:2008:UDP, author = "Kamaran Fathulla", title = "Understanding Diagrams: a Pointer to the Development of Diagramming Software", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "265--284", month = sep, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N3_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "The richness of diagrams is a characteristic reflected in their continuous use by humans over millennia across many applications and disciplines. Discussion of the richness is often expressed in one of two ways: either in terms of the constraints of the particular application and/or context within which diagrams are used, or through some meta and abstract formalism. Both approaches are grounded in traditional reductionist Western scientific ways of understand reality. The thinking behind such approaches has been instrumental in guiding the design and development of diagramming software. However, there is yet another level of richness of diagrams that could not be adequately accounted for by the constraints of the application or through any single formalism. Most real world diagrams often contain a mixed type of diagrams such as box and line, bar charts, surfaces, routes or shapes dotted around the drawing area. Each has it own distinct set of static and dynamic semantics. Both ways of discussing diagrams mentioned so far do not adequately capture this level of richness. Consequences of this inadequacy impact on the development of diagramming software. Existing diagramming software is either too specialized and therefore cumbersome and difficult to use, or too general, thus of little use in representing knowledge. In both cases the software becomes a hindrance to the user's activity and thinking rather than a help to it. In this paper a meta, non reductionist, framework for understanding diagrams based on symbolic and spatial mappings capable of accounting for this richness is proposed and discussed. The potential of the framework to guide the development of good diagramming software is demonstrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Djurek:2008:NWM, author = "Nikola Djurek", title = "The New Way of Making Fonts with {DTL Font Master}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "285--300", month = sep, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N3_2008_E.pdf", abstract = "Software for professional font production appearing recently, DTL Font Master, is like no other program of its kind in its configuration and functions. This article is about the program, its new and improved features in type design and production, through the eyes of a day-to-day user, a type designer and coauthor of the program. Emphasis is placed on the structure of a suite of modules and their utility.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "301--302", month = sep, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N3_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume 42}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "303--303", month = sep, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N3_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2008:DP, author = "Anonymous", title = "Distribution of pages", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "42", number = "3", pages = "304--304", month = sep, year = "2008", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V42N3_2008_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2009:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Winkler:2009:VCV, author = "Dietmar Winkler", title = "Visual Culture and Visual Communication in the Context of Globalization", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "4--43", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "The fact that groups of people reflect different cultural traditions and economic and social backgrounds should begin to challenge the myth of universality of human experience and the social relationships, cultures and values that emerge from it. An intercultural communication process, developed to foster and support a positive approach to globalization would foster sensitivity and care between peoples in a potent, reciprocal process. Each culture creates its own universe of symbolic meaning that structures and shapes the perception of reality which members of a specific clan or society experience. It is already a yeoman's task to decipher the complex web of interactions between anthropological, sociological, historical and cultural forces. This becomes exponentially exacerbated in multicultural communication and intercultural discourse. Modernist approaches to communication design do not support intercultural communication as they ignore the culture-destructive forces of globalization, by infiltrating and eliminating languages, removing customs and ceremonies, changing indigenous cultural values and social relationships and forms of expression. This article critically examines the limitations of communication design as currently taught and practiced.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moura:2009:TDC, author = "Heloisa Moura and Dale Fahnstrom and Greg Prygrocki and T. J. McLeish", title = "{Thinkeringspace}: Designing for Collaboration (around the book and beyond)", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "44--59", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "Innovation, collaboration and system thinking are increasingly recognized as skills that can be useful to children, and that can help ensure their success as citizens and workers in the 21st century. Seeking to improve opportunities for young people to develop abilities and competencies for the future and to narrow the complexity gap left by No Child Left Behind (the US federal law of 2001 that enacts the theories of standard-based education reform) when children are confronted with more conceptual thinking, a new genre of collaborative environments is being envisioned, called ThinkeringSpace. As a hybrid system of networked and remotely accessible physical environments, ThinkeringSpace seeks to inspire children to come together face-to-face to collaborate and tinker, reflect upon what they do and discover and elaborate their ideas in ways they can share with others. This paper gives an overview of the ThinkeringSpace system and its development. In addition, it discusses the process of designing for collaboration, whether face-to-face, stigmergic, online or hybrid, illustrating it with interactive prototype concepts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gainor:2009:MBU, author = "Rhiannon Gainor and St{\'e}fan Sinclair and Stan Ruecker and Matt Patey and Sandra Gabriele", title = "A {Mandala} Browser User Study: Visualizing {XML} Versions of {Shakespeare}'s Plays", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "60--85", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "We report the results of a small user study of a visual XML browsing prototype, called the Mandala browser, where dots representing entire documents or portions of documents are plotted around the periphery of a circle and drawn inward by colored magnets that are assigned values by the user. The result is akin to a Venn diagram that provides a visual representation of the interaction between multiple Boolean queries. In this study, eleven participants were given a pre-study interview, then asked to carry out a series of tasks where the dots represented speeches in plays by Shakespeare and finally were debriefed in a concluding interview. We gained from this study a range of valuable insights into how details of the Mandala browser design could be improved. Participants mentioned, for instance, that they would like to retain a connection between results and the visualizations that produced them, that they would like to be able to make notes on result sets, and that they would like to be able to save subsets within results. They also asked for tools that support collaborative searching, as well as for federated searching across collections. The user feedback confirmed the potential value of the Mandala interface and provided guidance for the next iteration of development.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2009:BRD, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Designer, half a century of change in image, training and techniques}}, Rosemary Sassoon. Bristol, UK: Intellect Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-84150-195-6. Softbound, 144 pages, some illustrations, \$30.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "86--87", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2009:BRV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Visual Thinking for Design}}, Colin Ware. New York: Morgan Kaufmann, 2008. ISBN 978-0-12-370896-0. Softbound, 197 pages, color illustration, \$39.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "87--87", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2009:BRW, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{When Writing Met Art --- from symbol to story}} Denise Schmandt-Besserat. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2007. ISBN 0-292-71334-7. Hardbound, 134 pages, black and white illustration, \$45.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "88--88", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2009:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "90--91", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2009:SIV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Special Issues of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} Since 2005", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "92--93", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2009:UDS, author = "Anonymous", title = "Upcoming Double Special Issue: Glide: Global Interaction in Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "1", pages = "94--94", month = jan, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 07:18:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N1_2009_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V43N23_2009_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Winkler:2009:CF, author = "Dietmar R. Winkler and Sharon Poggenpohl", title = "Celebrating Failure", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N23_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "This introduction to the special issue Communication Design Failures questions why failure is so hidden in design. It suggests that much can be learned from reflection on failure in its many guises and that failure points to gaps in knowledge and process. Failures want remedies, whether through empirical research, trial and error or pragmatic adjustment of process. The articles within this issue point out functional pitfalls in communication and process strategies --- all the articles are pragmatic.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Doherty:2009:RSA, author = "Mike Doherty", title = "`{Realist}' Stakeholder Analysis in Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N23_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "The term `stakeholder' is now applied almost ubiquitously in Western society, often serving to provide legitimation for a multiplicity of agendas. For designers there are profound implications for ethical conduct attached to the veracity of stakeholder consultation from which major schemes are often born. Too often stakeholder analysis does not go far enough, restricted to accounts of the `self-evident' or `presenting' surface activity of individuals or groups. The paper develops a rationale for reflexivity in effective design research that remains alive to empirical realities, reflecting constantly upon the interplay between the actors in a particular stakeholder discourse. Objective stakeholder analysis is then discussed as a potential practical application of realist theory. This short paper makes a call for the evaluation of proposed design interventions based on a representation of stakeholders that recognizes the `inconvenient' social realities as well as the purported technical rational arguments that, at the worst extreme, can be exploited as a tool to maintain hegemonic regimes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Singer:2009:PCF, author = "Len D. Singer", title = "Product Communication, Form, Failure and Safety", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N23_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "Although the term `culture' has become a subject of much recent discussion in design, much is due to the promotion and spread of global marketing. But little understanding of its meaning and design implications has, as yet, been explored. This paper examines E. T. Hall's classic theory of culture as communication in an effort to introduce cultural theory to current design thought and to examine its role in the development and analysis of design form, as well as design failure with unintended safety consequences. Illustrated examples of conflicting, confusing or otherwise failed product and graphic design are analyzed to identify hidden, often unlikely, causes and safety hazards. Hall's Triad Theory of Change and Primary Message Systems are used to help explain the context from which such failures can be further analyzed for discussion and study.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Barnes:2009:MIF, author = "Carolyn Barnes and Simone Taffe and Lucy Miceli", title = "Multiple Information Failure: a Case of Different Investments in Form and Content in Graphic Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N23_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper considers a sequence of failures in the design of information. It focuses on the Safe and Sustainable Indoor Cleaning study (SASI Clean), a 2007 government-funded study into cleaning practices in Australian childcare centers. Empowerment through participation was integral to the study, childcare workers being seen as collaborators in the investigation, not mere research subjects or informants. They worked with scientists and designers to investigate the nature of childcare as a specific context for cleaning and information delivery and to identify creative responses to its challenges. In respect of design, however, other project dynamics clashed with the frame-changing nature of participatory design. Ultimately, key project stakeholders preferred a failed model of communication, focused on the information to be transmitted over design prototypes oriented to the perspectives and situation of childcare workers, revealing skepticism to claims to knowledge to be both a compelling reason for the use of participatory design and a basic obstacle to the valuing of its results. To explore the complex human and organizational issues associated with the project, the paper uses a case study approach.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Roesler:2009:LTM, author = "Axel Roesler", title = "Lessons from {Three Mile Island}: Visual Design in a High-stakes Environment", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N23_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "Complex systems with mediated control at a distance are explored using the Three Mile Island nuclear accident of 1979 as the focus. In such a high-stakes environment, representations of operations are critical to support human-machine interactions and monitor safe operations. A time-line of the critical first minutes of the event is presented and an analysis of operations in the control room from a communication perspective point toward principles for a better design. While the case of Three Mile Island is well documented from an engineering perspective, its relationship to communication design and interaction design provide insight with regard to necessary collaboration across disciplines.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Brown:2009:PPB, author = "Stephen Brown", title = "Paper Prototypes and Beyond", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N23_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "Although approaches to User Centered Software Development have existed for almost twenty years a rift still exists between theory and practice. In practice, many software projects are designed at the code level to the detriment of the end-users. Good Usability Engineering combines complex back-end functionalities with attractive, effective and efficient user interfaces. Successful interfaces minimize cognitive load and help users to achieve their goals. Goals can be defined in terms of intended outcomes that act as benchmarks for developing and testing functionality through prototypes. Paper-based prototyping bypasses the time and effort required to create a working, coded user interface. Instead, it relies on very simple tools like paper, scissors and stickers. However, to be a reliable guide, paper mock-ups need to model accurately the site's functionality and convey the right information. This paper describes the challenges presented by a complex online information design project, an online research resource of over 45,000 records based on the catalogs of Exhibitions of the Royal Photographic Society 1870--1915. It describes how paper prototyping (used successfully previously) was used to address these challenges and reflects on the problems that came close to derailing the project this time and their impact on the design and the design process. It concludes by considering a digital alternative to paper prototyping that offers similar ease of use and low cost, combined with the ability to quickly generate interactive mock-ups that overcome some of the limitations of paper prototypes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Yee:2009:RRF, author = "Joyce Yee and Matthew Lieveslay and Louise Taylor", title = "Recognizing Risk-of-failure in Communication Design Projects", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N23_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "The pace of commercial graphic design practice presents very few opportunities to conduct user research after a project's launch. This makes the design team's ability to anticipate and address risks during the design development phase even more important, recognized in the astute observation from Tim Brown, CEO of leading international design group IDEO, that sometimes you must ``fail early to succeed early.'' This paper presents the methods and strategies used by the Centre for Design Research's (CfDR) creative team to mitigate risk during three communication design case-study projects. Elements of failure are identified in each of the three cases and presented, with discussion of where and why they occurred, and the possible approaches for reducing the risk of such problems re-occurring. To provide structure to the discussion, the paper frames each contributory issue as a usability, communication or technical failing. The analysis demonstrates that the factors contributing to design process failures are often complex and multi-layered. To avoid a poor design project outcome, it is evident that consistent risk monitoring is present in all stages of a design project, but might be improved by better understanding how issues change their degree of importance and potential negative impact during the course of the project. Developing a mechanism to enable teams to objectively identify and manage these fluctuating project risks, will contribute to a more coherent and effective strategy for recognizing and managing future design projects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Winkler:2009:FII, author = "Dietmar Winkler", title = "Failure? {Isn't} it Time to Slay the Design-Dragon?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "43", number = "2--3", pages = "??--??", month = jul, year = "2009", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V43N23_2009_E.pdf", abstract = "There is a closed cycle of design education that replicates the most common design practice --- and feeds into that practice that seeks awards based on incremental change supported by professional organization and trade journals --- that feeds back to education forms for imitation. This is the educational failure this paper cites. It takes to task the stagnant, homeostatic educational institutions that fail to transcend the traditional guild system and sustains an anti-intellectual view of design and its future. Exposing historical roots of the situation, the author calls for design education to embrace preparation of students for the knowledge society and take a leadership position in design's future.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2010:ABa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:05:11 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N1_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Storkerson:2010:ASG, author = "Peter Storkerson", title = "Antinomies of Semiotics in Graphic Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "1", pages = "6--36", month = jan, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N1_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "The following paper assesses the roles played by semiotics in graphic design and in graphic design education, which both reflects and shapes practice. It identifies a series of factors; graphic design education methods and culture; semiotic theories themselves and their application to graphic design; the two wings of Peircian semiotics and Saussurian semiology and their incompatibilities; semiology's linguocentrism, its affinity to cultural criticism and its seminal role in cultural and social anthropology, structuralism, poststructuralism and deconstruction. It examines the uses and criticisms of semiotics and semiology in design, their use in graphic design education, and their operationalization within technical communication and human factors as paths that might be applied to graphic design.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{vanderWaarde:2010:VCM, author = "Karel van der Waarde", title = "Visual Communication for Medicines: Malignant Assumptions and Benign Design?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "1", pages = "40--69", month = jan, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N1_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "An area of visual communication that might be classified as a `design failure' is the visual presentation of information about `prescription-only medicines' for patients. This information is provided on packaging, leaflets, brochures, labels and websites. The practical issue is that there are problems in convincing patients to take medicines appropriately and effectively. Some of the assumptions that underlie the development of visual information for patients could be incorrect. A visual rhetoric framework is applied to help this article answer two questions: Is the current visual information about medicines a `communication failure' and can visual rhetoric be used as a framework to indicate failures? The results show that visual rhetoric can be used as a basis for describing communication failures, but it needs to be incorporated into a larger `visual argument' structure. `Visual rhetoric' should be augmented by `visual dialectic' (dialogues between commissioner and designer, and interactions between patient and artifact) and `visual logic' (fundamental visual relations). The analysis indicates that visual information about prescription-only medicines for patients is --- in general --- not optimal and can therefore be seen as a failure. Application of some of the visual rhetorical principles indicates possible ways forward.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McDonald:2010:FMC, author = "Ann McDonald", title = "Failure to Manage Constant Change", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "1", pages = "72--101", month = jan, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N1_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "This study examines patterns of system failure (communication, typographic, material, economic, maintenance) and the resulting workarounds in signs that are intended to communicate frequently changing information in the built environment. The observed failures and workarounds in the communication of ephemeral data and the accompanying narratives in the everyday or vernacular expose a need for designers to expand their practice beyond the design of individual client-driven solutions to engage more fully in the design and distribution of open-ended systems and default templates that are affordable, accessible and successfully accommodate customization and ongoing change. Control of the scale, design and content of changing messages rests in ongoing negotiations with local zoning boards and more specifically in a revised relationship between designers and message senders in the context of evolving digital technologies and practices that offer message senders increased control over content appearance and display. The templates and defaults used in the everyday communication of frequently changing information are often driven by decisions made by sign manufacturers and programmers, resulting in communications that are built upon conventions that are often unexamined by message senders, who chose methods from a limited selection of manufactured options and increasingly enact template driven message sequences displayed on digital screens.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lee:2010:IBE, author = "Chae Ho Lee", title = "{Ibn Battuta Mall}: Edutaining the World?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "1", pages = "104--125", month = jan, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N1_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "Nakheel, a Dubai World Company has created the world's largest themed mall based on the narrative of Ibn Battuta, a 14th century Muslim explorer whose world travels are well documented. The Ibn Battuta Mall is located in the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates and utilizes a communication strategy called edutainment: a neo-logistic portmanteau whose goals are to educate and entertain an audience. Through the use of diffusion theory and its five innovation attributes, this paper recognizes that the architects and designers of the Ibn Battuta Mall have placed edutainment goals into the context of a mall expressing a predominantly Arab and Muslim identity. This paper argues that the mall has failed to achieve many of its educational goals and has replaced historical fact and authenticity in favor of expressing a message of opulence and social prestige, which defines the mall as a place of commerce rather than a stimulating learning environment.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Winkler:2010:CWW, author = "Sharon Poggenpohl and Dietmar R. Winkler", title = "What have we learned from communication design failure?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "1", pages = "128--139", month = jan, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N1_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "In closing, the guest editors of this Visible Language special series reflect on the failures identified in the various papers and interpret what this suggests for design education and research in the context of changing practice. The failures cited in this series point out the fractures in our understanding and practices from user-centered, digital, process-oriented, cultural, ethical and even safety-oriented perspectives. Three common themes are explored as context: theory, ethics and process. The need to update design education and identify research needs are discussed based on what the papers in this series suggest.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2010:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "1", pages = "140--141", month = jan, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:05:11 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N1_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V44N2_2010_E.pdf has jumbled pages: 181--214 are reversed @Article{Poggenpohl:2010:ABb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "146--146", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:14:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bennett:2010:GID, author = "Audrey Grace Bennett", title = "Global Interaction in Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "149--159", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "Based on a virtual conference, Glide'08 (Global Interaction in Design Education), that brought international design scholars together online, this special issue expands on the topics of cross-cultural communication and design and the technological affordances that support such interaction. The author discusses the need for global interaction in design and its impact on design education and research. Authors in this issue are introduced.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McKee:2010:HPC, author = "Stuart McKee", title = "How Print Culture Came to Be Indigenous", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "161--186", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "Western historians working in the first half of the twentieth century established a scheme for writing design history that continues to influence the global histories of today. The historians Douglas McMurtrie, Lucien Febvre, Henri-Jean Martin and Lawrence Wroth believed that the modern history of visual communication began with the advent and spread of typographic printing in fifteenth-century Europe. Within their historical narratives, printing leaves Europe to reappear in other parts of the world as a benign instrument of cultural conversion. These scholars used their histories to assert the privileges of European expansion, and they viewed indigenous design as any form of communication technology practiced outside of Europe after the export of printing. They clung to the notion that American peoples were destined to develop cultural histories that duplicated the European historical trajectory. In their eyes, the history of print culture belonged to Europe, and their histories today read as attempts to silence the ``strangeness'' of non-Western cultural difference. In this article, I examine design histories of the Americas from the first three centuries of New World settlement and describe the ways that Western historians have misrepresented indigenous American cultures by suppressing local forms of visual language and communication technology. In opposition to the dominant strand of Western design historiography, I present evidence that local meanings and values migrated with the products that colonial administrators printed overseas for European audiences. I question the degree to which design historians of the Americas have positioned indigenous peoples as subordinate subjects of print culture rather than as agents of cultural difference and productive assimilation. The primary significance of this contribution to this special issue is to contest the worldview of graphic design history as a singular and unified field of representation, and to encourage greater engagement with indigenous design histories in the contemporary movement toward cross-cultural design research and collaboration.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Buck-Coleman:2010:NCC, author = "Audra Buck-Coleman", title = "Navigating Cross-cultures, Curriculum and Confrontation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "187--206", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "Addressing Ethics and Stereotypes in Design Education Graphic design's messages can reach across streets and across the globe; they can bring together countries, communities and strangers for a common cause; they can also serve to divide otherwise amenable neighbors. Design students must fully understand this potential reach and thus the responsibility they have to create tolerant, informed messages. The need to understand how personal beliefs of race, religion, socio-economic class and other differences influence visual messages is an ethical component of the graphic designer's professional duties. For if these differences and the potentially skewed perspectives are not recognized, then slippage between accurate and faulty messages will seep into graphic compositions. Sticks + Stones deliberately composes a highly diverse ``classroom'' of students in an effort for students to learn from each other as well as an erudite curriculum. Studies show that students who learn in a diverse curriculum not only gain a broader perspective and appreciation for other cultures, but they also develop better thinking skills. Sticks + Stones collaborators aim to propagate knowledgeable, culture-savvy future designers who have learned first-hand from an extraordinarily diverse group of peers about the insulting and potentially harmful effects of image misuse. The innovative curriculum requires ethnic profiling and stereotyping as well as reflection, conversation and collaborative design on the way to multicultural understanding.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Blair:2010:BBP, author = "Adream Blair", title = "Beyond Borders: Participatory Design Research and the Changing Role of Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "207--218", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "University art and design programs are branching out and creating cross-disciplinary programs and research centers that connect design students and faculty across various disciplines such as business, engineering, architecture, information studies, health sciences and education. A human-centered, problem-based approach to design research looks to position industry and academic leaders to work alongside students, community leaders, artists and non-profits to develop creative and innovative solutions to the challenges facing contemporary society. But, as these challenges become more global in scope, participatory design research and the Internet become critical tools in addressing cultural differences in visual and verbal messages. This paper looks at the role of social networking tools and participatory research in addressing cross-cultural and multicultural challenges. It addresses the question: Can the use of classroom collaboration, participatory design research and online critique and workspaces encourage creativity, innovation and critical thinking in student and professional designers?", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moldenhauer:2010:VCG, author = "Judith A. Moldenhauer", title = "Virtual Conferencing in Global Design Education: Dreams and Realities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "219--238", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "The concept and use of the synchronous and asynchronous forms of virtual conferencing is central to the experience of global design education. Easy and ready access to people and information worldwide is at the heart of a paradigm shift in design practice and education, defined by collaboration and digital technology. The dream of smooth, global interaction via virtual conferencing rests on the concept of presence, namely, the ability for people to feel as though there are no barriers to their communication. The reality, however, is to encounter such things as dropped video or audio signals, rastered images and e-mail attachments that will not open because the sender and receiver have different versions of a software application. This paper explores the dissonance between the dreams and realities of virtual conferencing in global design education by discussing the idea of presence, examining the relationship between virtual conferencing and contemporary design practice and education, presenting the virtual conferencing experiences of three international student projects and addressing what we still need to know in order to best use such technology within the context of global design education. The paper concludes with comments about providing students with valuable international design experiences.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lawson:2010:NSC, author = "Cynthia Lawson", title = "{The New School} Collaborates: Organization and Communication in Immersive International Field Programs with Artisan Communities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "239--265", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "Organization and Communication in Immersive International Field Programs with Artisan Communities Under the umbrella terms of ``humanitarian design,'' ``social design'' and ``social responsibility,'' educational institutions and specifically design programs are more and more searching for opportunities to engage their students in critical and hands-on learning via collaborations between students, faculty, communities in need and non-profit organizations. Such active learning is rich and meaningful for all parties involved, but the challenges are rarely discussed and yet compromise the collaborations' sustainability and potential for activating local change and development. This article uses the first two years of ``The New School Collaborates,'' (TNSC) an ongoing project between The New School's divisions of Parsons (design), Milano (non-profit management and urban development) and General Studies (international affairs) in New York, several external partners and groups of Mayan artisan women in Guatemala, as the central case study for the abovementioned type of work. Of particular interest is the central role that organization and communication play in immersive international field programs. This article argues that the key to a successful collaborative process includes a clear and transparent partnership upfront, with a clear understanding of the roles and opportunities for each organization involved and a communication infrastructure that is sensitive to participants' skills and resources. The article refers to, and includes, documentation from specific experiences from two years of courses on campus as well as in Guatemala and the overall process and evaluation of this particular case. Of particular interest is a reflection on challenges faced and how an active and thoughtful analysis of them can lead to a more appropriate, and in the long-term more sustainable structure for this type of work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2010:BRE, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Economics of Attention, Style and Substance in the Age of Information}}, Richard A. Lanham. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2006. ISBN 10: 0-226-46867-4. Paperbound, 312 pages, black and white illustrations \$I8.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "266--267", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:14:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2010:BRGa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Graphic Design Translated, A Visual Directory of Terms for Global Design}}, Peter J. Wolf. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers, 2010. ISBN 978-1-59253-595-8. Hardbound, 432 pages, full color illustrations. \$50.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "267--268", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:14:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2010:BRGb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Grid Book}}, Hannah B. Higgins. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-262-51240-4. Paperback, 300 pages, black and white illustrations. \$25.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "268--269", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:14:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2010:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "2", pages = "270--272", month = may, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:14:14 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N2_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2010:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "3", pages = "276--276", month = sep, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:26:53 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N3_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fong:2010:AOI, author = "Mich{\`e}le Wong Kung Fong", title = "Audience\slash online Information Interactions: New Research in Learning Preferences", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "3", pages = "279--303", month = sep, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N3_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "This investigation proposes the need for a paradigmatic shift in the production of formal and behavioral online information to accommodate the differing learning preferences of its audiences. Developments in the presentation of information itself and the management of its complexity have not progressed at the same rate as the technology that produces it. Psychologist David Kolb (1974) found that the combinations created by an individual's perception and processing techniques form a unique learning style, which becomes the most preferred and comfortable way to process information for that individual. This project poses the question: In what ways can the redesign of online information presentations, formal and behavioral, support the different learning preferences of complex audiences? As a response I share my work-in-progress research into audience/online information interactions. It emphasizes the need to acknowledge that information must be flexible and customized to enhance meaningful experience for different learners.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wang:2010:AIR, author = "Hsiu-Feng Wang", title = "The Appropriateness of Icon Representations for {Taiwanese} Computer Users", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "3", pages = "305--329", month = sep, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N3_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "This experiment investigated how two factors that relate to icon representations affected Taiwanese computer users. These were: alphabetic or non- alphabetic representations and cultural or standard imagery. Alphabetic representations are representations that show Chinese characters or English words/letters. Non-alphabetic representations are representations that show either concrete or abstract objects. Cultural imagery is imagery that uses ethnic depictions, often shown in a traditional manner. Standard imagery is imagery used in icons found in present software packages used internationally. Fifty-two Taiwanese citizens with a similar ability in English were shown a series of twenty-six icons on a computer screen along with a list of labels, and asked to match the labels with the icons. The results indicated that cultural elements, especially alphabetical cultural elements aided the recognition of icons by participants not familiar with computers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mitchell:2010:DAS, author = "Marilyn Mitchell", title = "The Development of Automobile Speedometer Dials: a Balance of Ergonomics and Style, Regulation and Power", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "3", pages = "331--366", month = sep, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N3_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper explains the historical development of analogue and digital speedometer dial designs using the linguistics theory base of pragmatics, which asks researchers to explain a visual design by describing its purpose as well as how its various visual features meet people's needs, how people read dials and how people use dials to coordinate with one another or machines. The paper is useful for researchers interested in methodologies for studying the development of language-like visual communication, and for those interested in the history of information graphics, machine interfaces or speedometer dials in particular. A range of dial designs from the early 1900s to the current day are described and analyzed. In this paper, results show that drivers read speedometers to avoid fines, keep safe, change gears, set cruise control or record high speeds. Designs also, however, serve marketing and aesthetic purposes. Features of analogue displays are described with the paper concluding with a taxonomy of dial features. The entire system of speed containment could be improved since even with easy-to-read dials, drivers continue to speed. Dials that work with satellite systems to continually display the current speed limit may be the way of the future.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Winkler:2010:HFF, author = "Dietmar R. Winkler", title = "{Helvetica}, the Film and the Face in Context", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "3", pages = "367--378", month = sep, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N3_2010_E.pdf", abstract = "Little historic context is generally provided regarding design phenomena; ideas, names, events and relationships are disregarded in design's typical superficial coverage; it is as though design exists in a vacuum. This paper seeks to put Helvetica, the face, the font and the movie into context by exploring its relationship to Swiss Design philosophically and practically. The infiltration of Helvetica, the font, into American design practices is also explored, along with some variation on typographic education from both a formal and informal perspective.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2010:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index for {Volume 44}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "3", pages = "379--381", month = sep, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:26:53 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N3_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2010:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "44", number = "3", pages = "382--384", month = sep, year = "2010", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:26:53 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V44N3_2010_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V45N12_2010_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Toner:2011:SP, author = "Anne Toner", title = "Seeing Punctuation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N12_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "This introduction to this special issue of Visible Language examines why, and in what circumstances, punctuation may become visible: when especially does it come into view and demand our attention? While punctuation marks are, of course, visible signs, when they are functioning according to our expectations (and sometimes even when defying them), they can be barely noticed. The essay begins with discussion of a passage from Charles Dickens's Little Dorrit in which a character's punctuation is referred to. This serves as a starting point for identifying a number of questions raised by such visibility, matters that are developed further, and variously, by the essays that follow. These include: punctuation's roles in articulating grammar and suggesting orality; what punctuation may tell us about views on education and literacy; defining punctuation; its historical visibility or invisibility; its variation according to technological change; and its iconic and figurative potential.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Durrenmatt:2011:IVB, author = "Jacques D{\"u}rrenmatt", title = "From Invisibility to Visibility and Backwards: Punctuation in Comics", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N12_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "In a literary form such as the comic that combines images and text, punctuation is likely to play a specific role. From the comic's invention at the beginning of the 19th century, creators like T{\"o}pffer or Dor{\'e} played with punctuation, especially the expressive signs, imitating what was happening at the same time in numerous novels. The habit of overloading the images with exclamation and interrogation marks or dashes led progressively, however, to saturation during the golden age of superhero comics and therefore to a sort of punctuation crisis. There was increased questioning as to the ideological meaning of such signs: a rethinking of what punctuation meant. Nowadays graphic novelists tend to invent new uses for the signs, making language newly visible with interesting effects.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baron:2011:NSU, author = "Naomi S. Baron and Rich Ling", title = "Necessary Smileys \& Useless Periods: Redefining Punctuation in Electronically Mediated Communication", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N12_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "Communication is increasingly taking place through written messaging using online and mobile platforms such as email, instant messaging and text messaging. A number of scholars have considered whether these texts reflect spoken or written language, though less is known about the role of punctuation. In fact, it is commonly assumed that punctuation on such platforms is either random or absent. This study explores the nature of punctuation (including emoticons) in electronically mediated communication by analyzing sets of focus group data from adolescents discussing text messaging and by assessing a corpus of text messages sent by university students. Some usage patterns are gender-based. More generally, there is evidence that young people are developing coherent strategies for how such marks should be used in messages created on new digital media.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hall:2011:SNY, author = "Nigel Hall and Sue Sing", title = "Seven- to Nine-year-olds' Understandings of Speech Marks: Some issues and problems", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N12_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "At first sight the speech mark would seem to be one of the easiest to use of all punctuation marks. After all, all one has to do is take the piece of speech or written language and surround it with the appropriately shaped marks. But, are speech marks as easy to understand and use as suggested above, especially for young children beginning their punctuation careers? Some readers may well at this point be asking, `But what is a speech mark?' It is a good question, firstly, because outside of the UK the term is hardly ever used and secondly, because the term is extremely recent. The speech mark is simply an alternative title for those punctuation marks used to frame speech or quotation in written language and it is the latest in a long line of terms used to name them.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Blackburn:2011:EMS, author = "Nick Blackburn", title = "Early Modern `Speech' Marks", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N12_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "The essay presents a revised history of the punctuation mark [ `` ], drawn from the earliest communities who made it their own. By situating the development of [ `` ] in its historical context, from first uses of the diple [ > ] by the Greek scholar Aristarchus, it explains how it was the general applications which persisted into the sixteenth century and beyond, before the mark finally settled into its modern use to enclose quotations. While literary and bibliographical scholars have suggested that emphatic marking was primarily attached to rhetorical figures as sententia, it is shown that printed marks were used by authors to achieve a rich variety of semantic effects and by their readers to create personal editions. Beginning with a modern comparison, the adoption of [ / ] as a new mark of punctuation for modern British drama, the essay explains how peculiarities in the deployment of [ `` ] in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century texts --- including works as central to the literary canon as Shakespeare's Hamlet --- are situated at a transition point between a small or `privy' group and what the Shakespeare folio called `the great variety of readers.'", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lennard:2011:IVP, author = "John Lennard", title = "In\slash visible Punctuation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N12_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "The article offers two approaches to the question of `invisible punctuation,' theoretical and critical. The first is a taxonomy of modes of punctuational invisibility, identifying denial, repression, habituation, error and absence. Each is briefly discussed and some relations with technologies of reading are considered. The second considers paragraphing, or lack of it, in Sir Philip Sidney's Apology for Poetry: one of the two early printed editions and at least one of the two MSS are monoparagraphic, a feature always silently eliminated by editors as a supposed carelessness. It is argued that this is improbable and that one form the Defence may have taken at Sidney's hands (and those of his literary executors) was monoparagraphic, a matter affecting the tone, genre and the understanding of his argument. A short conclusion considers the current state of punctuational invisibility in relation to digital awareness.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Luna:2011:MSB, author = "Paul Luna", title = "Marks, Spaces and Boundaries: Punctuation (and other effects) in the typography of dictionaries", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N12_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "Dictionary compilers and designers use punctuation to structure and clarify entries and to encode information. Dictionaries with a relatively simple structure can have simple typography and simple punctuation; as dictionaries grew more complex, and encountered the space constraints of the printed page, complex encoding systems were developed, using punctuation and symbols. Two recent trends have emerged in dictionary design: to eliminate punctuation, and sometimes to use a larger number of fonts, so that the boundaries between elements are indicated by font change, not punctuation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2011:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "166--166", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Dobson:2011:IVP, author = "Teresa Dobson and Piotr Michura and Stan Ruecker and Monica Brown and Omar Rodriguez", title = "Interactive Visualizations of Plot in Fiction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "169--191", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "In this paper, we expand on our presentation at ICDS2010 (Dobson et al., 2010) in describing the design of several new forms of interactive visualization intended for teaching the concept of plot in fiction. The most common visualization currently used for teaching plot is a static diagram known as Freytag's Pyramid, which was initially intended for describing classical and Shakespearean tragedy. It has subsequently been applied to a wider range of fiction, but is not always applicable. The alternative interactive forms that we propose allow a more dynamic approach that can be customized by the teachers and students to accommodate various interpretations of a single piece of fiction. We provide a mechanism for people to select significant features of a story, such as characters, objects, events and transitions in time or space, and see how the different models react to the presence of these features. Our designs include one that is primarily sequential, another that emphasizes the structural complexity of the story and a third that places a single feature as a central focus. The data for this visualization is provided through an XML encoding of the significant features of a given story.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Dyson:2011:DDS, author = "Mary C. Dyson", title = "Do Designers Show Categorical Perception of Typefaces?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "193--220", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "Readers need to easily discriminate between different letters, so typefaces are designed to make these differences distinctive. But there is also a uniformity of style within a typeface. These styles are recognized by typographic designers and may be categorized to enable more efficient discrimination among typefaces. The manner in which designers perceive typefaces is explored using the paradigm of Categorical Perception (CP). A continuum of fonts is created by interpolating between two typefaces, and two tasks (identification and discrimination) are used to test for CP. As the application of CP to typefaces is a new approach, various methodological issues are pursued. The experiments reveal that the conditions required to demonstrate CP are quite specific and CP was only evident inTimes and Helvetica and not Garamond and Bodoni. Possible reasons for this difference are the characteristics of the two typefaces and their context of use. Speculation as to the purpose of CP in non-designers raises the under-researched question of how we identify letters in different typefaces when reading.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wong:2011:CCE, author = "Ho Lan Helena Wong", title = "Critique: a Communicative Event in Design Education: a Qualitative Research on {Western} faculty and {Asian} students", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "221--247", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:03 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", abstract = "Critique is a communicative and sociable event in which students present their design and critics provide feedback. Students often find it difficult to explain their work and articulate their thoughts because most design knowledge is tacit by nature. If design is about new concepts, then in a critique, students have to describe and clearly present their idea. However, in critiques, the focus is often on the content, but not as much on the communication competencies of delivering the idea across a group of people. Using a qualitative research methodology and interviewing Western faculty and Asian students, this study explores how communication between Western faculty and Asian undergraduate design students alters the effectiveness and affectiveness of a group critique. Implications of this study provide reflective insights for faculty and students on how critiques can be improved.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2011:BRA, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Architecture of Patterns}}, Paul Andersen and David Salomon. New York, NY: W. W. Norton \& Company, 2010. ISBN 978-0-393-73293-1. Softbound, 144 pages, full color illustrations, \$24.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "250--251", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2011:BRS, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{The Shallows: What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains}}, Nicholas Carr. New York, NY: W. W. Norton \& Company, 2010. ISBN 978-0-393-07222-8, Hardbound, 276 pages, black and white, \$26.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "252--253", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Storkerson:2011:BRD, author = "Peter Storkerson", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Design Integrations: Research and Collaboration}}, Sharon Poggenpohl and Keiichi Sato, Editors. Bristol, UK: Intellect, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84150-240-3. Softbound, 306 pages, black and white illustrations, \$40.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "254--257", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2011:BRL, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Limited Language: Rewriting Design, Responding to a feedback culture}}, Colin Davies and Monika Parrinder, Editors. Basel, SW: Birkh{\"a}user Verlag AG, 2010. ISBN 2-00-993486-5. Softbound, 288 pages, full color illustrations, \$26.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "258--260", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2011:BRH, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Helvetica and the New York City Subway System}}, Paul Shaw. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-262-01548-6. Hardbound, 132 pages, full color illustration, \$39.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "261--263", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2011:BRO, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Open Design Now: Why Design Cannot Remain Exclusive}}, Bas van Abel, Lucus Evers, Roel Klaassen and Peter Troxler. Amsterdam, NL: BIS Publishers, 2011. ISBN 978-90-6369-259-9. Softbound, 320 pages, full color illustrations, \$39.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "264--267", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2011:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume 45}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "268--269", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2011:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "45", number = "3", pages = "270--270", month = dec, year = "2011", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V45N3_2011_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V46N12_2012_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Poggenpohl:2012:EFD, author = "Sharon Poggenpohl", title = "Envisioning a Future Design Education, Introduction", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "The persistence of past traditions and the uncertainty of change can easily immobilize teachers who see the misfit of design education, but are reluctant to adapt and evolve new approaches to the teaching- learning paradigm. Using a recent statement by a former Harvard president, a few direct and unremarkable adaptations are suggested. This special issue is organized in three sections: Clarity in educational goals and student performance; Attention to dynamic change and interconnectedness; Differentiation and research in graduate programs. The invited authors are briefly introduced. They do not provide consensus, but offer different perspectives on change.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{vanderWaarde:2012:CDE, author = "Karel van der Waarde and Maurits Vroombout", title = "Communication Design Education: Could Nine Reflections be Sufficient?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "SITUATION Graphic design education is subject to substantial changes. Changes in professional practice and higher education aggravate insecurities about the contents and structure of courses, assessment criteria, relations between practice, research and theory and teaching methods. ASSUMPTION Graphic design education (visual communication design education) needs to change to accommodate these changes. APPROACH There are many possible starting points to tackle the `wicked problem' of visual communication design education. The starting point for this article is professional practice. Through the observation of practice, and interviews with practicing graphic designers, a set of common activities and approaches was distilled. These commonalities --- the things that all graphic designers seem to have in common --- are visualized in two diagrams. RESULTS The two diagrams can be used as a basis for a critical review of current education in visual communication design, and they indicate a motivated and testable development for the coming years.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frascara:2012:WMD, author = "Jorge Frascara and Guillermina No{\"e}l", title = "What's Missing in Design Education Today?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "This article begins by describing a desirable design approach that is only practiced by a few designers today. This design approach is desirable because it responds to a society that suffers from a number of illnesses due to communications and artifacts that do not satisfy the needs of people. The article then proposes the kind of design education that could lead to forming designers within the outlined approach, and defines necessary terms and conditions. Lastly, it proposes recommendations, and the need for a deep reflection on the nature of design and of design education.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sless:2012:DDE, author = "David Sless", title = "Design or `Design' --- Envisioning a Future Design Education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "Challenging the common grand vision of Design, this article considers `design' as a humble re-forming process based on evidence to substantiate its results. The designer is likened to a tinker who respects previous iterations of a design and seeks to retain what is useful while improving its performance. A design process is offered, illustrated with a real project example. The author argues for a reframing of `design' as a sustainable, evolutionary process.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bennett:2012:GDG, author = "Audrey Bennett", title = "Good Design is Good Social Change: Envisioning an Age of Accountability in Communication Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "Using typography as its exemplar with its lack of clear performance criteria, this article questions what is good design and how to measure a designer's accountability. Evaluation criteria are teased out from various perspectives: credibility, ease of use, stakeholder inclusion in the design process, respect for cultural dimensions and whether it adds to humanity and/or the environment. The article concludes with steps to social change.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ockerse:2012:LCD, author = "Thomas Ockerse", title = "Learn from the Core --- Design from the Core", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "The current objective, object-oriented approach to design is questioned along with design education viewed as a job-oriented endeavor. Instead relational knowledge and experience in a holistic sense, both tacit and explicit, are valued along with an appreciation of the unique character of the student. A new paradigm for design education is proposed that embraces collaboration and focuses on integration of study, experience and reflection that translates beyond design into an intelligent life.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Myers:2012:HHN, author = "Chris Myers", title = "Handsomely, Handsomely Now! 5 Impromptus for the Early Part of the Century", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "Based on a 19th century compositional trope popularized by Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Chopin, the impromptus presented here are linked as a storytelling suite. The notion within the impromptu is to seek depth through lightness, as if improvised. The five stories provide metaphors for the conundrum of design education and practice. They engage the reader in interpretation; an open-ended hermeneutic pursuit.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Davis:2012:LGE, author = "Meredith Davis", title = "Leveraging Graduate Education for a More Relevant Future", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "Arguing that the 21st century context for design is significantly different from the previous century, a set of structural suggestions are posed that can leverage change. Administrative arrangements are questioned along with the lack of clear differentiation or performance expectation among design degrees. While widespread, confusing and contradictory ideas about research complicate the situation, the leverage point is identified in graduate education.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ruecker:2012:PPC, author = "Stan Ruecker", title = "The Perennial and the Particular Challenges of Design Education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "Education in design shares with other disciplines a number of perennial challenges, including the need to transfer human culture, the choice of what parts of human culture to transfer and the decision as to what approaches work best in accomplishing that transfer. Design education also faces particular challenges, which are shared with only a few other disciplines. These are a predisposition towards the future, the increasing necessity of interdisciplinary approaches and the value for students in participating early in the culture of research. I argue for curricular advancements to accommodate each of these factors, including in particular a design PhD modeled on the humanities. Finally, I emphasize the importance of providing students with sufficient time to reflect.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Friedman:2012:MDE, author = "Ken Friedman", title = "Models of Design: Envisioning a Future Design Education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "1--2", pages = "??--??", month = may, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N12_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "This article offers a large-scale view of how design fits in the world economy today, and the role of design education in preparing designers for their economic and professional role. The current context of design involves broad-based historical changes including a major redistribution of geopolitical and industrial power from the West to the East. A model of six global economies delineates the challenge and opportunity for design practice and education. While the six economies developed over time, all fit together now and design creates value in different ways across them. Understanding the economic context of design education gives clarity to the educational mission, differentiating it from other forms of education. The author argues that design professionals now require a broad range of analytical, conceptual and creative skills related to the social and economic context of design along with advanced skills in a design specialty. A taxonomic chart of design knowledge delineates the range of skills and knowledge domains involved.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2012:ABc, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "178--178", month = sep, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 09:06:35 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Walker:2012:DDC, author = "Sue Walker", title = "Describing the Design of Children's Books: an analytical approach", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "180--199", month = sep, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "Descriptions of graphic language are relatively rare compared to descriptions of spoken language. This paper presents an analytical approach to studying the visual attributes and conventions in children's reading and information books. The approach comprises development of a checklist to record `features' of visual organization, such as those relevant to typography and layout, illustration and the material qualities of the books, and consideration of the contextual factors that influence the ways that features have been organized or treated. The contextual factors particularly relevant to children's reading include educational policy, legibility and vision research and typeface development and availability. The approach to analysis and description is illustrated with examples of children's reading and information books from the Typographic Design for Children database, which also demonstrates an application of the checklist approach.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beier:2012:HMB, author = "Sofie Beier", title = "How My Brain Stopped Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "200--205", month = sep, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "Due to a medical condition, I temporarily lost the ability to read and write. As an academic researcher specializing in understanding the reading process, I could benefit from this terrible experience by explaining --- on a scientific level --- what happened to me, and hence draw lines to existing research and my former analyses.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Koch:2012:ETD, author = "Beth E. Koch", title = "Emotions in Typographic Design: an empirical examination", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "206--227", month = sep, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "There are virtually no rules to empirically interpret the meaning inherent in typeface designs --- people intuitively decipher typefaces (Van Leeuwen, 2005). Forty-two participants examined six alphabets and responded using an online questionnaire to discover: (1) whether viewing typefaces produces emotional responses, (2) whether people have the same emotion responses to typefaces and (3) whether certain emotions are predominantly associated with the formative design features of typefaces --- classification, terminal shape, character width and weight. Psychological research about the role of emotion in visual processing was combined with an interactive animated questionnaire methodology (Desmet, 2002), and the resulting data were analyzed in a matched t-Test design (? =.05, 95\%). This human-centered empirical approach proved a promising methodology for design research that successfully eliminated problems evidenced in previous object-centered typography studies. Because people reported similar emotion response to the design features, this study suggests that design's underlying features represent a common visual language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wang:2012:CMO, author = "Regina W. Y. Wang and Chiung-Fen Wang", title = "Composition Methodology of Optical Illusion Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "228--245", month = sep, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "Optical illusions cause emotional surprise due to the visual experience gap between visual cognition and the actual state. Knowing the organization and layout of objects in optical illusions is important and valuable to turn a design concept of picture creation into picture and composition. This study created a composition method for optical illusions. The research method included a two-stage investigation. The first stage uses the method of literature content analyses to develop objective optical illusion design aids from literature theories and the angle of composition. The second stage uses the method of expert opinion and design aids, as developed by this study, to validate feasibility and analyze the composition of optical illusion design. The results are as follows: there are four composition methods, namely separation, tangency, superposition and transposition, for optical illusion design according to shape combinations, positions and directionality of objects using the coordinate axes tool. This study thus proposed a specific optical illusion composition method as reference for designers to create graphic designs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Black:2012:DCI, author = "Alison Black and Karen L. Stanbridge", title = "Documents as `Critical Incidents' in Organization to Consumer Communication", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "246--281", month = sep, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", abstract = "A diary study tracked the paper documents received by nine UK informants over one month. Informants gave simple ratings of individual documents' attractiveness and the ease of understanding them; more detailed reactions to the documents were gathered through informant diaries and follow-up interviews. The detailed reactions extended beyond the feedback gathered through the rating task. Informants showed sensitivity to the content, language, design and circumstances of receipt of documents, with indications that they developed opinions of originating organizations based on their experience of using their documents. Documents that failed to provide all the information needed, that failed to make their intentions clear (or obscured their intentions) or that were perceived as miss-targeted received negative comment. Repeat experiences of receiving either well- or poorly conceived documents strengthened informant reactions to individual originating organizations. The paper concludes with recommendations for steps document originators, writers and designers need to take to prepare documents that enhance organization to consumer communication. We recommend that organizations evaluate and act on consumers' reactions to their documents, beyond user testing in document development or scorecard ratings in use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2012:BRG, author = "David Cabianca", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Graphic Design: Now in Production: a Note on Emerging Cultural Relevancy for Graphic Design}}, Ian Albinson, Rob Giampietro, Andrew Blauvelt, \& Ellen Lupton. Minneapolis, MN: Walker Art Center, 2011. ISBN 978-0-935640-98-4. Paperback, 224 pages, illustrated, full color, \$40.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "284--287", month = dec, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2012:BRCa, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Chasing the White Whale, The Moby-Dick Marathon; or, What Melville Means Today}}, David Dowling. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1-58729-906-3. Paperback, 242 pages, a few illustrations, black and white, \$24.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "288--289", month = dec, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2012:BRCb, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{China's Design Revolution}}, Lorraine Justice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012. 978-0-262-01742-8. Hardcover, 144 pages, illustrated black and white, \$21.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "290--292", month = dec, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2012:BRD, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Design \& Designing, a Critical Introduction}}, Steve Garner and Chris Evans, editors. London, UK: Berg, 2012. ISBN 978-1-84788-576-0. Paperback, 483 pages, illustrated, some color, \$49.95}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "293--295", month = dec, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2012:BRR, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Reading Letters, Designing for Legibility}}, Sofie Beier. Amsterdam, NL: BIS Publishers, 2012. ISBN 978-90-6369-271-1. Hardbound, 181 pages, illustrated, full color, \$40.00}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "296--297", month = dec, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2012:IV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Index to {Volume 45}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "298--300", month = dec, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2012:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "301--303", month = dec, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2012:CTM, author = "Anonymous", title = "Colophon: Typefaces: {Miller Test}, {Miller Display}, {Super Grotesk}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "46", number = "3", pages = "304--304", month = dec, year = "2012", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 08:42:48 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V46N3_2012_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% At volume 47 number, Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl retires after 26 years %%% as editor of Visible Language (1987--2012), and Mike Zender becomes %%% the new editor. Journal production moves from the Rhode Island %%% School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island, to the University of %%% Cincinnati, in Cincinnati, Ohio. @Article{Zender:2013:ABa, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = jan, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 09:30:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N1_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2013:VLT, author = "Sharon Poggenpohl and Paul Michael Zender", title = "Visible Language in Transition", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "1", pages = "4--11", month = jan, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N1_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "Visible Language evolves into its third generation with a new editor (Mike Zender) and a new institutional support (University of Cincinnati). Transitions across the two completed generations and plans and expectations for the third are explored. Forty-six years of continuous publication are celebrated.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2013:RTR, author = "Sharon Poggenpohl", title = "Reflections on Teaching Research: a Conversation with {Meredith Davis}, {Mary Dyson}, {Judith Gregory}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "1", pages = "12--37", month = jan, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N1_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "As research in design is gaining traction in university programs, understanding approaches to teaching research skills, the value of a research approach in design and even fundamentally reflecting on what research is becomes germane. Like varieties of design practice, there are many varieties of research process and methods to address different research questions, and certainly different programs have different goals for their students at various levels of education. Three faculty teaching in university design programs with years of experience guiding research projects, reflect on their experience, offering different perspectives on this emerging topic.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baki:2013:BDL, author = "Randa Abdel Baki", title = "Bilingual Design Layout Systems: Cases from {Beirut}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "1", pages = "38--65", month = jan, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N1_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper identifies and analyzes the challenges of bilingual design layout systems in Beirut. With the rapid spread of globalization, English and Arabic often enter the public realm together. As the design industry also rapidly develops and the Western influences are manifested, the duality of languages and scripts are constantly negotiated. This paper investigates various bilingual design layouts and proposes six new variations of bilingual design layout systems for designers, educators and students to employ and develop further. By employing an illustrative methodology in which different layout systems are both examined and compared, the author proposes visual structures for bilingual readers, adding an extra layer to the understanding of visual communication while offering the viewer the choice of reading both scripts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2013:IID, author = "Mike Zender and Mauricio Mej{\'\i}a", title = "Improving Icon Design: Through Focus on the Role of Individual Symbols in Construction of Meaning", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "1", pages = "66--89", month = jan, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N1_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite the fact that icons are widely relied upon for communication, designers have few principles to guide icon design. This paper reports a study of the role individual symbols play on the construction of meaning from icons. An experiment compared two sets of four icons, each made of a different set of discrete symbols. It finds that the interaction of the right number of symbols for the referent, and a more apt combination of individual symbols for the referent, can significantly improve the construction of an icon that communicates what was intended. The rules of thumb proposed here are applicable to construction of any visual communication that uses symbols.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% The PDF file V47N1_2013_E.pdf has blank pages for 90--95. @Article{Anonymous:2013:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = jan, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 09:30:00 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N1_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Page images in V47N2_2013_E.pdf are cropped, losing most of the page %%% numbers. @Article{Zender:2013:AB, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "2", pages = "i--i", month = may, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 09:49:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N2_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Venkatesh:2013:SRD, author = "Aruna Venkatesh", title = "A Study on the Revelations of Design Students' Thinking Styles in Reflective Journals", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "2", pages = "1--36", month = may, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N2_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "Thinking, considered as part of the core skill set of a designer, is equally significant in learning and design processes. An awareness and understanding of a personal thinking style is therefore important for both teaching and learning. Using well-established theories of thinking and using an in depth multiple case method, the author explores the possibilities of exposing students' thinking styles through the medium of reflective journals. Eight journals are carefully examined in terms of where student attention is located, how they communicate and how they are thinking. A further aim is to provide a guideline that can aid teachers to analyze the journals as feedback for the ease or difficulty associated with their teaching strategy. While the study is framed within a university design program, its findings may be of more general application.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Black:2013:DQG, author = "Alison Black and Annette Gibb and Clare Carey and Sarah Barker and Claire Leake and Luke Solomons", title = "Designing a Questionnaire to Gather Carer Input Pain Assessment for Hospitalized People with Dementia", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "2", pages = "37--60", month = may, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N2_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "We describe development of a questionnaire to elicit pain symptoms and experience, for use by people with dementia or their carers, at hospital admission. The questionnaire provided contextual information to support professionals' use of the Abbey Pain Scale, a validated tool used by nursing staff internationally. Appropriate information and physical design were required in order, not only to create an approachable questionnaire for patients and carers, but also to ensure fit with hospital processes. Fit with hospital process had significant influence on the final form of the questionnaire, compromising some aspects of design for patients and carers, but this compromise was considered essential to ensure pain management procedures were supplemented by wider, contextual information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Corcoran:2013:MCS, author = "Heather Corcoran and Matthew Kreuter and Christina Clarke", title = "Making Cancer Surveillance Data More Accessible for the Public Through {Dataspark}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "2", pages = "61--87", month = may, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N2_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper describes findings from an experiment to determine whether visual design could enhance the effectiveness of the presentation of cancer surveillance data online. The research team included designers who created an interface called Dataspark ( DS ) for California citizens to see incidence rates for colorectal cancer in the state. The design of the display used principles of relative scale, color, shape, and arrangement. In a randomized experiment, this interface was compared to two displays that are hosted by established cancer organizations but do not use principles of scale, color, shape, and arrangement in the same way. Approximately 550 California citizens participated in the experiment, during which they were assigned at random to use one of the three displays and then asked questions about understanding, ease of use, engagement and personal relevance. Results showed that the Dataspark display was significantly more effective in helping participants understand the data and explore the interface. User engagement and personal relevance were modest for all three displays. This paper analyzes the results and introduces some strategies to address engagement and personal relevance in future work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2013:CPE, author = "Anonymous", title = "Call for Papers: Environmental Communication: a Special Issue of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} for 2014", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "2", pages = "89--90", month = may, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 09:49:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N2_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2013:RRR, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Reliable + Relevant Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "2", pages = "91--92", month = may, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 09:49:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N2_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2013:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "2", pages = "93--93", month = may, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 09:49:45 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N2_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% Page images in V47N3_2013_E.pdf are cropped, losing most of the page %%% numbers. @Article{Zender:2013:ENB, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Editor}'s Note: {Blunt Conference}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "3", pages = "5--5", month = sep, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:02:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N3_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Griffin:2013:MBJ, author = "Dori Griffin", title = "Moving Beyond `Just Making Things`: Design History in the Studio and the Survey Classroom", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "3", pages = "6--28", month = sep, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N3_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "The disciplinary literature of graphic design education calls for the inclusion of design history in studio students' education. Yet evidence that the discipline has successfully answered this call remains scarce. This paper asks design educators to consider how our rhetoric might be misaligned with our practice on the subject of teaching graphic design history. It also asks educators to consider the need to develop an explicit, detailed body of case study literature dealing with the ways in which historical learning can be incorporated into the studio classroom. Design educators need to document and inter-rogate the specific ways in which we have been incorporating design history into the studio classroom. Enabling students to construct a functional model of design history requires more than a disparate and loosely defined set studio projects with history as their subject matter. Design educators need a way to learn about successful models and develop disciplinary best practices. Toward this end, the last section of this paper offers a detailed case study that documents one way to incorporate graphic design history into the studio classroom.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Coorey:2013:CWS, author = "Jillian Coorey and Gretchen Caldwell Rinnert", title = "Critical Writing Strategies to Improve Class Critiques", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "3", pages = "30--51", month = sep, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N3_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "A crucial part of a design student's education involves the class critique. In the traditional design studio, work is displayed, reflected upon and discussed. This method, used across many design schools, lacks the contemplation and thoughtful reflection design students often require. We propose the add-ition of critical and constructive writing to the classroom critique. To engage students in a deeper reflection and to provoke them to ask key questions and foster insightful discussions, writing components were added to design studio projects. This paper discusses methods employed in the traditional studio classroom: post-it note critiques, online digital critiques, project documentation and round-robin writing critiques. While many instructors employ writing at the completion of proj-ects, there are many benefits of incorporating a writing component into class critiques. Writing affords students the ability to pause and reflect. Writing allows for a deeper reflection, encouraging questions of the work's purpose: Does it communicate effectively? Does the concept fulfill the needs of the client? Is this an obvious solution? Writing enables students to consider their position, ideas, ethical philosophy and design concept while employing the use of design vocabulary and principles. The more proficient design students become with their written responses, the more prepared they are in a presentation or classroom dialogue.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cooper:2013:LLB, author = "Alexander Cooper and Rose Gridneff and Andrew Haslam", title = "Letterpress: Looking Backward to Look Forward", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "3", pages = "52--71", month = sep, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N3_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper explores the value of retaining letterpress workshops within art and design schools, not merely as a tool to understand our past, but as a means to critically reflect upon our future. The benefits of teaching letterpress to graphic design students as a way of improving their understanding of typography are well documented. There is an argument for preserving `craft' subjects including letterpress within the curriculum, as they foster immersive learning. The letterpress process is a significant teaching tool that complements, and can act in conjunction with, computer-based design education. This paper seeks to build upon these debates, examining the intersection between the practice and theory of an otherwise technologically outdated process. The paper focuses upon 6x6: Collaborative Letter-press Project as a case study. The project brings together six leading UK Higher Education Institutions with active letterpress workshops. It encourages the sharing of best practice within a specialist subject area, through the creation of a collaborative publication where students and staff are linking their practice with critical and reflective writing in relation to the medium. Traditionally, workshop areas have been concerned with the acquisition of a skill, often taught through rote learning or technical demonstration. By positioning students at the centre of the process they have been encouraged to form their own perspective on the discipline. Through the examination of evolving letterpress paradigms, it is possible to question why we do something; as opposed to how it is done.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beier:2013:ISH, author = "Sofie Beier and Mary C. Dyson", title = "The Influence of Serifs on 'h' and 'i': Useful Knowledge from Design-led Scientific Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "3", pages = "74--95", month = sep, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N3_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "The typographical naivety of much scientific legibility research has caused designers to question the value of the research and the results. Examining the reasons underlying this questioning, the paper discusses the importance of designers being more accepting of scientific findings, and why legibility investigations have value. To demonstrate how typographic knowledge can be incorporated into the design of studies to increase their validity, the paper reports on a new investigation into the role of serifs when viewed at a distance. The experiment looks into the identification of the lowercase letters `j', `i', `l', `b', `h', `n', `u', and `a' in isolation. All of the letters originate in the same typeface and are presented in one version with serifs and one version without serifs. Although the experiment found no overall legibility difference between the sans serif and the serif versions, the study showed that letters with serifs placed on the vertical extremes were more legible at a distance than the same letters in a sans serif. These findings can therefore provide specific guidance on the design of individual letters and demonstrate the product of collaboration between designer and scientist on the planning, implementation, and analysis of the study.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moys:2013:IRI, author = "Jeanne-Louise Moys", title = "Investigating Readers' Impressions of Typographic Differentiation Using Repertory Grids", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "3", pages = "96--123", month = sep, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N3_2013_E.pdf", abstract = "Document designers combine a range of stylistic and structural typographic attributes to articulate and differentiate information for readers. This paper explores how the kind of typographic differentiation used in a document influences readers' impressions of documents. A preliminary study indicated that three patterns of typographic differentiation (high, moderate and low) might underlie participants' impressions of magazine design. Subsequently, a set of nine magazine layouts with controlled content was purposefully developed to systematically examine the impact of high, moderate and low patterns of typographic differentiation on participants' impressions of documents. These documents were used in a repertory grid procedure to investigate the kinds of impressions readers articulate in relation to typographic presentation and whether readers are likely to formulate similar or differing impressions from high, moderate, and low patterns of typographic differentiation. The results suggest that typographic differentiation influences a range of rhetorical and experiential judgments. For example, participants described high differentiation documents as the most attention-grabbing and easy to skim-read, while they considered moderate and low differentiation documents to require deeper reading strategies. In addition, participants assumed high differentiation documents to be much more sensationalist than moderate or low differentiation documents, which they generally perceived as authoritative and credible.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2013:ABJ, author = "Anonymous", title = "[Author biography: {Jorge Frascara}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "3", pages = "124--124", month = sep, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:02:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N3_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2013:ABS, author = "Anonymous", title = "[Author biography: {Stan Ruecker}]", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "47", number = "3", pages = "125--125", month = sep, year = "2013", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:02:58 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V47N3_2013_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V48N1_2014_E.pdf is a two-up landscape view of the journal, which %%% then switches to one-up portrait mode. However, there are jumbled %%% pages in the remainder of the PDF file. The PDF file includes the %%% colorful cover, and the issue date is labeled as May 2014. @Article{Zender:2014:ABa, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = may, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:13:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N1_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mollerup:2014:SPS, author = "Per Mollerup", title = "Slide Presentations, Seriously", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "1", pages = "4--21", month = may, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N1_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "This article addresses the informative quality of slide presentations in university lectures. The arguments also apply to slide presentations in other situations. The article presents a number of principles to improve the graphic quality and use of slide presentations. These principles build on a review of relevant literature and on the author's experience and reflection. Research in this area is limited in quality and depth.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Peterson:2014:ITI, author = "Matthew O. Peterson", title = "The Integration of Text and Image in Media and Its Impact on Reader Interest", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "1", pages = "22--39", month = may, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N1_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper addresses the design of instructional media both holistically and authentically by focusing on text-image relationships at the level of design strategy. The schema used is sensitive to working memory and cognitive load theory. Three text-image integration strategies are proposed and illustrated: prose primary (PP), with a central prose column and marginal imagery; prose subsumed (PS), with shorter prose segmented by imagery; and fully integrated (FI), where smaller textual chunks populate imagery. One hundred and thirty-seven (137) middle school students rated their interest in science textbook pages designed according to the outlined strategies. Interest measures are closely aligned with the situational interest construct in psychology. The subjects' selections favored higher levels of text-image integration, such that FI was rated more interesting than PS, which was in turn more interesting than PP. Results were rated reliable and significant at a 95\% confidence level. Comprehension and sense of talk difficulty are briefly addressed.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moys:2014:TLF, author = "Jeanne-Louise Moys", title = "Typographic Layout and First Impressions --- Testing how changes in text layout influence reader's judgments of documents", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "1", pages = "40--67", month = may, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N1_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "This study explores how the typographic layout of information influences readers' impressions of magazine contents pages. Thirteen descriptors were used in a paired comparison procedure that assessed whether participants' rhetorical impressions of a set of six controlled documents change in relation to variations in layout. The combinations of layout attributes tested were derived from the structural attributes associated with three patterns of typographic differentiation (high, moderate, and low) described in a previous study (see Moys, 2014). The content and the range of stylistic attributes applied to the test material were controlled in order to focus on layout attributes. Triangulation of the quantitative and qualitative data indicates that, even within the experimental confines of limited stylistic differentiation, the layout attributes associated with patterns of high, moderate, and low typographic differentiation do influence readers' rhetorical judgments. In addition, the findings emphasize the importance of considering inter-relationships between clusters of typographic attributes rather than testing isolated variables.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2014:MUI, author = "Mike Zender and Amy Cassedy", title = "(Mis)understanding: icon comprehension in different cultural contexts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "1", pages = "68--95", month = may, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N1_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "Icons are frequently used in contexts where comprehension needs to be consistent across cultural and linguistic barriers. This paper reports on a study comparing the comprehension of 54 universal medical icons in rural Tanzania and the United States of America. It finds that most of the icons were not understood cross-culturally. The premise of the study was that this misunderstanding might have two causes: cultural distinctions and lack of knowledge. To test the premise we studied icon comprehension by those in two different cultures with two levels of medical knowledge:'standard' and 'advanced'. The results show that most (33 of 47) poorly comprehended icons failed due to lack of medical knowledge or unfamiliarity with technology, while few (5 of 47) poorly comprehended icons failed due to cultural differences. Analysis of icons that failed due to cultural differences suggests that primary drivers of cultural misunderstanding were the use of culturally sensitive metaphor and the incorporation of learned signs (non-representational symbols such as words) in icon design. Awareness of these causes of poor comprehension across cultures might help designers design effective universal icons by incorporating into the design process research methods that identity disparities of specific knowledge in the target people group and by avoiding use of metaphor and learned signs. These findings empower calls for cultural sensitivity in visual communication with guidance for implementation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2014:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "1", pages = "96--96", month = may, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:13:08 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N1_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V48N2_2014_E.pdf has jumbled and multiply-repeated pages @Article{Zender:2014:ABb, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "2--2", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:23:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fernandez:2014:GEN, author = "Oscar Fern{\'a}ndez", title = "{Guest Editor} Notes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "4--4", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:23:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cheng:2014:MDC, author = "Karen Cheng and Sarah P{\'e}rez-Kriz", title = "Map Design for Complex Architecture: a User Study of Maps \& Wayfinding", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "6--33", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "The following study seeks to determine if a printed, paper map can aid visitors in navigating through complex architectural environments. Specifically, we report on the design and testing of two different paper maps intended to help patients find dental clinics and related offices within a large medical and health sciences center. As part of an iterative design process, we first identified a variety of design factors that influence the cognitive aspects of using maps during wayfinding, and redesigned an existing map of the environment based on those principles. We then conducted user testing to further determine what information should be included or excluded on the map and to see if changes in format enhanced or detracted from communication goals. The results show that maps can indeed assist visitors in finding their way through complex buildings, but that there are limitations to their ability to overcome architectural barriers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Walton:2014:ESH, author = "Ashley Walton", title = "The Environment is (Still) Not in the Head: {Harry Heft} \& Contemporary Methodological Approaches to Navigation and Wayfinding", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "34--47", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "Traditional approaches to spatial cognition focus on postulating underlying mental mechanisms, such as cognitive maps. Alternative theoretical approaches from the field of Ecological Psychology pioneered by Harry Heft offer needed perspectives with respect to how we understand and investigate navigation and wayfinding behavior. Successful environmental communication is about orchestrating an interaction that is flexible and robust; that can capture the idiosyncrasies of everyday activities. Abstracted, disembodied, and static representations of experience like the cognitive map fail to capture these idiosyncrasies. Employing a theoretical framework that focuses on the on-going perception-action processes of navigation will provide new ways to conceptualize communication systems that are adaptive, dynamic, and can successfully operate amongst the increasing technological complexity of contemporary spaces. New methodological tools from the field of Ecological Psychology can provide ways to identify these on-going processes that modulate interactions within environments as the interaction unfolds. These processes are constituted by patterns of physical movement and sensory experience as well as socio-cultural factors. The way individuals are engaged in these processes can change throughout the course of the interaction; the way designers establish, fluctuate, and disrupt the flow of this engagement is driven by when and how they intend users to perceive features of a visual communication system.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fontaine:2014:LDT, author = "Lisa Fontaine", title = "Learning Design Thinking by Designing Learning Experiences: a Case Study in the Development of Strategic Thinking Skills through the Design of Interactive Museum Exhibitions", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "48--69", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "Realities of contemporary graphic design seem to mandate the development of broad thinking skills since graphic designers are increasingly asked to design innovative solutions that go beyond the boundaries of print and web-based media. This emphasis on ideas rather than objects suggests a move toward what is often referred to as design thinking, an approach that is seen as a response to the needs of the 21st Century innovation economy. Design thinking is said to be the creative process that focuses on user needs and motivations as the major impetus for creative solutions. It is vital for graphic design educators to prepare students to view themselves as design thinkers: problem-solvers first, image-makers second. A popular curricular response to this paradigm shift has been the inclusion of user-centered design projects that involve the design of experiences rather than of objects. The design thinking process requires students to develop an understanding of the user by listening, watching and learning about their preferences, needs, and limitations. Throughout education, there is widespread belief that all students should be better prepared with relevant skills to enter the evolving workplace, regardless of their chosen discipline. Commonly referred to as 21st Century skills, these include important abilities that are not currently emphasized in the K-12 curriculum, such as critical thinking, problem solving, collaboration, creativity, and innovation (Goldman 2010). It is easy to see direct correlations between these widely desired skills and those developed in the practice of design thinking.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Cue:2014:WDA, author = "Patricia Cu{\'e}", title = "On the Wall: Designers as Agents for Change in Environmental Communication", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "70--83", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "Environmental communication plays a vital role in determining the use of public space through the design of artifacts that connect users to a physical environment and assign meaning to spaces. By strategically establishing order and consistency in environmental communications, designers have significantly contributed to the privatization, commodification, and sanitization of corporatized and privately owned public spaces that often fail to fulfill their intended use and, most importantly, to generate solutions that are sensitive to the cultural identity, social needs and values of communities. By investigating a particular form of vernacular design applied to hand-painted, large-format murals that advertise music band appearances in Mexico, this project examines the social capital of environmental communication and the dynamics that shape it into a culture-defining medium that connects people and efficiently uses resources in an environment where the forces of regulation and the needs of people are in balance. This article advocates for the practice of environmental design to align with people's needs to facilitate more inclusive, sustainable and socially engaged solutions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Schwanbeck:2014:RPU, author = "Andrew T. Schwanbeck", title = "Rebuilding Perceptions: Using Experiential Graphic Design to Reconnect Neighborhoods to the Greater City Population", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "84--107", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "This project explores the value that environmental graphic design elements can create to help promote and improve the perceptions of a neighborhood within a segregated urban landscape. Urban segregation occurs when a city's diversities create perceived barriers around concentrated clusters of social groups. When these divisions are extreme enough, communities become shut off from the rest of the city and often fall into a perpetual cycle struggle and degradation. Research has shown that the success of a neighborhood relies in its ability to connect with other neighborhoods and economies throughout a city. It also demonstrates that cross-participation enhances the overall capacity of a community to operate both socially and economically. In a segregated city, there is an opportunity to use environmental graphic design elements to help improve the perceptions of a divided neighborhood and reconnect it back to the greater city population. During this research, a case-study project was developed with the neighborhood East Liberty, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Historically a thriving neighborhood, East Liberty has been plagued by over two decades of neglect and failed renewal efforts. Despite recent development efforts, many locals still avoid this area. This case study uses a combination of research tactics and design prototypes to produce elements that attempt to improve the experience of East Liberty and create more positive perceptions surrounding this area.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2014:CPV, author = "Anonymous", title = "Call for Papers: VL Special Edition: Critical Making: Design and the Digital Humanities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "108--109", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:23:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frascara:2014:BRDa, author = "Jorge Frascara", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Design for Information: An Introduction to the Histories, Theories, \& Best Practices Behind Effective Information Visualizations}}, Isabel Meirelles. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers, 2013}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "110--110", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:23:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2014:JIb, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "2", pages = "112--112", month = aug, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:23:31 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N2_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V48N3_2014_E.pdf has jumbled and multiply-repeated pages @Article{Zender:2014:ABc, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "2--2", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:35:09 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Borkent:2014:VIC, author = "Mike Borkent", title = "Visual Improvisation: Cognition, Materiality, and Postlinguistic Visual Poetry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "4--27", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "In this article, I present a framework for the analysis of postlinguistic visual poetry through a discussion of several works by Canadian poets derek beaulieu and Donato Mancini. This poetry eschews words to manipulate parts or hints of letters, exploring the minutiae of typewritten form for meaning construction. Drawing on recent work in cognitive science, I show how visual poems disrupt common understandings of language through its materiality, how the creators engage in improvisations around these understandings to develop the unexpected, and how the poetic artifacts prompt dynamic inferences and improvised understandings in readers. Meaningful understandings of the poems emerge especially from the development of relational understandings between fragments of letters through the perception of fictive motion and fictive change. I show how cognitive improvisation facilitates these perceptions and meaning construction in the contrastive styles of beaulieu's and Mancini's poems. I argue that improvisational cognitive processes on the part of both the writers and readers play a crucial role in how postlinguistic forms come to be meaningful within the context of bibliographic and material expectations.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2014:TFT, author = "Anonymous", title = "Typographic Features of Text: Outcomes from Research and Practice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "28--67", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper presents a comprehensive review of literature on the legibility of printed text in order to provide informed guidance on the design and preparation of typographic materials. To this end, experimental findings are taken into account, as well as the perspective of typographers, graphic designers, and authors. First, the typographic features of text are reviewed and illustrated individually to identify all the features that specifically characterise text layouts. It is emphasized, however, that the various typographic features should be selected in relation to each other, and that it is the combination and manipulation of all these typographic features as a group that makes the text legible. Studies are then reviewed and illustrated on the typographic structure of text as a whole. This information will prove useful to anyone involved in the development of typographic materials, including typographic and graphic designers, teachers and students.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2014:SAV, author = "Anonymous", title = "A Statistical Approach for Visualizing the Quality of Multi-Hospital Data", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "68--85", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "The age of Big Data and the associated proliferation of large data sets have necessitated the development of methods that allow for an easy interpretation of data analysis results. Such methods are usually the product of a symbiotic relationship between the fields of data visualization, infographics, and statistics. In this work we explore the interplay between data visualization and the mathematical framework used to analyze inter-hospital differences in database queries. Such differences can reflect disparities in the quality of care or more fundamental disparities in data quality. As the volume of queries is large and increasing, it is important to develop an incisive way of visualizing these differences. Specifically, we demonstrate the importance of choosing a mathematical framework that calculates the statistics necessary to visualize the results in a maximally concise and intuitive way. We derive symbolic statistical representations of inter-hospital query differences using a Bayesian probabilistic formalism to indicate statistically significant discrepancies. These statistical representations serve the need for visual representation of differences and their meaning apart from statistical expertise. The calculations were performed with a publically available package, DQM, available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/databasequalitymanagement.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2014:LDP, author = "Anonymous", title = "Linking Design Principles with Educational Research Theories to Teach Sound to Symbol Reading Correspondence with Multisensory Type", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "86--108", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "Designing products that are considered easy to use and beautiful, yet also effectively addressing the communication problem, can be a difficult challenge for any designer. This paper explains the development of See Word Reading{\TM}, a digital tool that explores letterforms when teaching beginning reading principles to children at risk of reading difficulties. After conducting a pilot study with this tool, we assert that dynamic type within digital technologies can offer an even greater opportunity to master alphabetic consolidation by using the engagement of multiple senses.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Frascara:2014:BRDb, author = "Jorge Frascara", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Design for information, an introduction to the histories, theories, and best practices behind effective information visualizations}, by Isabel Meirelles, Rockport Publishers, 2013}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "109--110", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers, 2013. Jorge Frascara", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2014:BRI, author = "Anonymous", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Isotype: Design and contexts 1925--1971}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "Burke, Christopher; Kindel, Eric; Walker, Sue (Eds.) Hyphen Press, London, 2013", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Mollerup:2014:BRI, author = "Per Mollerup", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Isotype: Design and contexts 1925--1971}}, Burke, Christopher; Kindel, Eric; Walker, Sue (Eds.). Hyphen Press, London, 2013}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "111--121", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:35:09 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2014:BRM, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Book Reviews: The Most Important Design Books Most Designers Have Never Read: {{\booktitle{The Case for Mental Imagery}}, Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, and Giorgio Ganis}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "122--127", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", abstract = "The Case for Mental Imagery by Stephen M. Kosslyn, William L. Thompson, and Giorgio Ganis", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2014:ABW, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board} Welcome: {Keith Crutcher}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "127--127", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:35:09 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2014:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "48", number = "3", pages = "128--130", month = nov, year = "2014", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:35:09 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V48N3_2014_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V49N12_2015_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Hanke:2015:TCR, author = "Regina Hanke", title = "Targeted Communication to Reduce Antibiotic Prescription", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "12--23", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/891; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper reports a commissioned project to design targeted communication materials to attempt to reduce antibiotoc prescription rates.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bennett:2015:CLH, author = "Audrey Bennett", title = "Connotative Localization of an {HIV} Prevention Image to Promote Safer Sex Practices in {Ghana}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "24--39", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/901; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "When designers localize an image's denotative elements according to the users' cultural preferences, research shows that it improves user experience and cross-cultural usability. However, this paper reports that, even when localized denotatively, culturally based disparities --- dissonance between how the designer communicates and how the user interprets from a cultural perspective --- can still impede or entirely obstruct the image's connotative performance. Localization needs to facilitate adaptation of the image on a connotative level particularly when the goal is to bring about behavioral change hyper-locally, on a transnational and transcultural scale, with a community of users. This paper presents findings from a case study of a campaign for HIV prevention in Kumasi, Ghana that advocates for condom use. I conducted fieldwork over a period of two years during which I interviewed lay people in Kumasi about the denotative and connotative performance of an HIV prevention image called the Red Card. My data confirms the existence of cultural dissonance between my Westernized esthetic sensibilities and Ghanaian interpretive capacities. My data also corroborates that the use of connotative localization through an interactive communication design process (CLIC) can reveal semiotic noise hindering the image's connotative performance prior to its final production.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2015:DEH, author = "Mike Zender and David K. Plate", title = "Designing and Evaluating a Health Program in {Africa}: Hygiene Matters", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "40--61", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/911; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Parasitic intestinal worms are a leading cause of poor school performance of children in Africa and a leading predictor of low quality of life for a lifetime (Karlan \& Appel, 2011, pp. 205-209). Deworming medication is effective and inexpensive yet experience shows that unless measures to improve hygiene are taken those who are rid of worms through medication are often re-infected within months. Responding to this, Hope Educational Foundation in partnership with a student/faculty design team from the University of Cincinnati designed, developed, and tested a hygiene educational program as part of a comprehensive de-worming program in Africa. Hygiene Matters was designed with African-user participation, employed visual-story for communication, and was tested in the Central African Republic in 2012 with a larger pilot study in Togo in 2013-14. While hygiene knowledge increased significantly with the curriculum, practices did not increase significantly, and testing revealed flaws in the study protocol that need to be corrected in future evaluations. This project suggests that designers need to improve their ability to conduct research establishing program effectiveness in health outcome terms as designers move from creating individual artifacts aimed to meet client specifications to creating programs that aim to change health outcomes.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Noel:2015:DVT, author = "Guillermina No{\"e}l", title = "Designing a Visual Tool to Interview People with Communication Disabilities: a user-centered approach", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "62--79", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/921; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "To design in collaboration with users, speaking and listening are essential. This article shows the process of interviewing people with a communication disability called aphasia. Aphasia is caused by brain damage and affects speaking, understanding speech, reading, and writing to some degree. The focus of the article is on the creation of visual tools to facilitate the understanding of questions and producing answers by people with aphasia. Everything has to be adapted to match their needs: the wording, the types of questions, the way a question is introduced, and the length of the interview, among other things. For every question, specific material was designed to facilitate communication between the person interviewing and the person with aphasia. The strategy was to combine verbal information (oral and written), pictorial information, and movement. The main goal of the interviews was to understand the feelings and opinions of people with aphasia regarding the diagnosis process. The interview results helped identify people's preferences regarding the context in which the assessment takes place, as well as their needs regarding the visual materials used. The project demonstrated that it is possible and valuable to apply a user-centred design approach to the design of the visual material used to assess aphasia.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Patton:2015:UIO, author = "Amina Patton and Morgan Griffin and Ana Tellez and Mary Ann Petti and Xanthi Scrimgeour", title = "Using Icons to Overcome Communication Barriers During Emergencies: a case study of the Show Me interactive tools", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "80--95", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/931; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "This case study reviews the development of three icon-based tools designed to help workers and volunteers during an emergency communicate with people who have communication challenges, such as limited English proficiency, deafness or hearing impairments, and cognitive delays. Using the classic human figure icons designed by the American Institute of Graphic Arts (AIGA) for the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) as a basis, we developed over 250 new icons for the tools, a dry erase booklet and two mobile applications for Apple and Android devices. We outline the challenges we faced researching, testing, and developing the icons. We also explore interactivity, animation, and the grouping of icons and suggest ways to push icon design in new directions. This project was a partnership between CommunicateHealth, a health communication company in Northampton, MA, and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH), Office of Preparedness and Emergency Management.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Taylor:2015:DDB, author = "Andrea Taylor and Tara French and Jeni Lennox and Jeremy Keen", title = "Developing a Design Brief for a Virtual Hospice Using Design Tools and Methods: a preliminary exploration", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "96--111", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/941; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Providing equitable access to specialist palliative care, regardless of diagnosis or geographical location, with relatively limited resources and an ageing population, will become increasing difficult for all hospice services. This paper describes the development of a Design Brief for a Virtual Hospice using design tools and methods. The main aim of the Virtual Hospice in this case is to improve access to services provided by the Highland Hospice in Inverness, Scotland. The project began by observing Hospice staff and their interactions with patients. Three User Personas were then created based on data gathered through interviews with a small number of patients and professionals. Each Persona's progress through the Highland Hospice service was visualised on a User Journey Map in the form of insights and opportunities, with five key themes emerging. The final step involved producing a Design Brief that synthesised the research findings in the form of a plan for creating, prototyping and testing the Virtual Hospice.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lowe:2015:TDP, author = "Sarah Lowe and Tami H. Wyatt and Xueping Li and Susan Fancher", title = "Trans-disciplinary Partnerships in IT Health Software Development: the benefits to learning", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "112--127", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/951; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Healthcare has followed the footsteps of the aviation industry with respect to teaching and learning. Pilots practice endless hours on simulators prior to flying solo. Likewise, healthcare workers increasingly use simulation to practice skills and clinical judgment prior to providing care to patients in a professional setting. With the growing interest in healthcare simulation, there are increasing needs to enhance the learning that occurs within a simulation to ensure the effectiveness of this practice in healthcare education. In an effort to meet this growing demand, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville builds technologies to enhance simulation learning. This paper presents the process and benefits of using trans-disciplinary teams to build healthcare products. Specifically, the paper discusses the experiences of a team of designers, engineers, and nurses in a university setting who work together with their students, to build and test healthcare products including educational tools to support simulation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Napier:2015:CDH, author = "Pamela Napier and Terri Wada", title = "Co-designing for Healthcare: visual designers as researchers and facilitators", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "128--143", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/961; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "This article describes the process, methods, and outcomes of a project that included multiple stakeholders in a participatory design process to re-design an indispensable service in the healthcare sector. The project explores how visual designers are taking on new roles as design researchers and design facilitators and what a human-centered design approach might look like within the healthcare sector of emergency management. Design methods included collaboratively visualizing the complexity of an existing context, including content development, production processes, distribution processes, issues, and perceptions; using generative tools to examine and discuss content, use, form, and function; prototyping toolkits to visually model processes, themes, devices, and technological capabilities; and evaluative surveying to collect and assess user feedback. The outcome of this project includes a completely redesigned product and service that has increased user subscription and satisfaction, as well as suggestions for future implications and improvements.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Paulovich:2015:DIH, author = "Belinda Paulovich", title = "Design to Improve the Health Education Experience: using participatory design methods in hospitals with clinicians and patients", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "144--159", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/971; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Poor communication in health is a persistent problem. Transient conversations, extreme time constraints, stress, trauma, clinical factors and the restrictive environment make effective communication between health professionals and patients difficult to achieve. Children, especially, are often positioned as passive participants in the healthcare paradigm. It is hypothesized that providing children with visual health information (well-designed, accurate, age appropriate, and presented in a way that they can understand,) can empower them to take charge of their health and well-being. For visual health education materials to be effective, accurate, and engaging, they need to be designed with input from design practitioners, health experts, and the target audience. However, constraints within the health field, such as restricted access to patients, make this difficult. Furthermore, when children are involved, ethical and practical obstacles can hinder the process. The research presented in this paper navigates the complexities of the health field and presents a realistic participatory design model that responds to the specific challenges associated with designing in a health-care environment. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated through successful designs and positive health professional feedback.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sanematsu:2015:DLI, author = "Helen Sanematsu and Brenda Hudson and Amanda Nyhuis and Paul Dexter and Siu Hui", title = "Design and Language Impact on Study Volunteerism in Medical Research: learnings from a controlled study of recruitment letters", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "160--171", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/981; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Research on human subjects in health and medicine is a necessary part of studies ranging from taking online surveys (less invasive) to taking blood draws (more invasive). Without them, our ability to learn about and improve health is limited. However, recruitment for such studies is difficult. Patient registries aim to speed up scientific advancement by reducing the time and effort spent to recruit participants by maintaining a cadre of ready volunteers. Invitation by mail is an effective route to approach a large number of potential registry volunteers at relatively low cost. Our research question was whether the letter recipients' response (by signing up on the patient registry) to the invitation could be increased by ``perking up'' the letter content using (1) more motivational language, and (2) enhancing the graphic design of the invitation. We tested four models and sent them out to 10,000 recipients. Our results showed that in this application, a conventionally worded and typeset letter is more effective in recruiting altruistic volunteers than one that uses motivational language or modernist design principles. This has implications for how designers apply their skills in this context.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Thiessen:2015:BTL, author = "Myra Thiessen and Mark Kohler and Owen Churches and Scott Coussens and Hannah Keage", title = "Brainy Type: a look at how the brain processes typographic information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "1--2", pages = "174--189", month = apr, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/161/article/991; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N12_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite a growing body of knowledge around how readers interact with texts our understanding of how the brain processes that information is relatively limited. This multidisciplinary (typography and cognitive neuroscience) study examines how the brain processes typographic information using EEG technology and shows the value of neuroscience methodologies to legibility research. By measuring the brain's response to a range of typographic stimuli we have shown that it is more difficult for the brain to process single letter information that is presented in harder to read compared to easier to read typefaces. This effect was evident at both the most basic levels of letter identification (0--300 milliseconds from stimuli onset) and also during sustained activity involving the working memory (after 300ms). This has implications for our understanding of legibility and how legibility research is further explored with the aim of developing a body of knowledge that has a wider application to how typographic design is practiced.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V49N3_2015_E.pdf is a two-up landscape view of the journal @Article{Zender:2015:ABc, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "2--2", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 10:50:26 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{Barness:2015:CME, author = "Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", title = "Critical Making at the Edges", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "4--11", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{Burdick:2015:MMM, author = "Anne Burdick", title = "{Meta}! {Meta}! {Meta}! {A} Speculative Design Brief for the Digital Humanities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "12--33", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Fictitious future scenarios are used in the technology industry to identify new opportunities, test high risk concepts, and rally teams toward a common goal. While such visions can play a crucial role in the technology development process, Digital Humanities futures are largely absent. Software development methods suited to the creation of tools for shoppers or workers are a poor fit for the design of tools that embody the intentional fuzziness, nuanced positionalities, and reflexive activities of critical interpretation. Therefore this paper proposes a design approach that combines core concepts from critical theory with design's speculative inventiveness and introduces the subject-computer-interface as an alternative to industry's user-centered concept. Case studies investigate how this triad of meta processes --- the meta of critical interpretation, the meta of speculative reflexive design, and the meta of subject-computer-interface --- might work by using critical making to engage recent concepts from digital humanities theory to invent new digital affordances. The paper concludes with a speculative design brief that challenges designers, humanists, and computer scientists to use a meta-meta-meta approach that begins with core humanities concepts and designs outward to imagine digital humanities tools that don't yet exist.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{Ricci:2015:CAU, author = "Donato Ricci and Robin de Mourat and Christophe Leclercq and Bruno Latour", title = "Clues. {Anomalies}. {Understanding}. {Detecting} underlying assumptions and expected practices in the {Digital Humanities} through the {AIME} project", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "34--61", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Imagine a collective inquiry presenting its results before the collaboration has even started; an academic book without footnotes and references; an open, on-and-off-line platform to collaborate with peers where all must subscribe to a strict protocol to express their ideas. This is the AIME (An Inquiry into Modes of Existence) project. It is an experimental intertwining of analog and digital practices often contradicting the norms and formats they belonged to, thus creating expectations and protestations from different communities of users. Adopting a critical position toward the project, we multiplied the listening devices to collect these accusations. We propose, here, to reframe them as clues to detect the different practices and assumptions at work in collaboration-based projects, design, and Digital Humanities communities. This paper details the methodical activity of collecting clues, grouping them in specific anomalies, then explicating the choices that generated them. In a situation where Digital Humanities are still delineating their position and role in the wider academic environment, our way to study the AIME project will help reframe the role of experiments in the Digital Humanities. This study about AIME enables an understanding of some underlying assumptions and expectations in Digital Humanities. This article has a digital component available at http: //bit.ly/dhanomalies", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{Willis:2015:WIC, author = "Holly Willis", title = "Writing Images and the Cinematic Humanities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "62--77", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "The histories of film and video contain a sub-history of media-based critical analysis undertaken through visual analysis, the integration of text and image, and the deployment of the artist's own body as a means of underscoring a critical stance. This essay explores four modes within this critical practice and makes a case for the cinematic humanities, or humanistic inquiry enhanced through the practices and modes of cinema, even as cinema continues to expand into what has been dubbed ``the post-cinematic.'' The cinematic humanities include examples of critical visual work that integrate space, time, and the methods of design to produce new ways of knowing. The works created in this arena constitute a form of critical making that reframes the fundamental acts of the humanities through cinematic tools and allows us to reconsider our ability to re-search, re-frame, re-edit, re-contextualize, and re-write. This article has a digital component available at http://scalar.usc.edu/works/writing-images/users/3330", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{Allen:2015:BMU, author = "Tania Allen and Sara Queen", title = "Beyond the Map: Unpacking Critical Cartography in the Digital Humanities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "78--99", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "The importance of visualization as a formative and evaluative tool in the digital humanities begs for a deeper examination of the methods and literacy that accompany the making process. Current design and humanistic pedagogy and best-practice are heavily focused on understanding context --- of place, culture, situation, or artifact. The iterative construction of visualizations which diversely examine these contexts of interpretation can illuminate both what is and what might be. Building on landscape and mapping theory which argues the map does more than reflect reality, it actively shapes our understanding of the physical, political and social world, this paper suggests the development of a theoretical perspective that goes beyond the examination of the artifact (i.e. the map) to include the critical evaluation of the activity of map making (i.e. the conditions that inform the activity of mapping and visualization and how to go about it) and its impact on the propositional nature of exploratory research (i.e. how the activity of mapping affects the decisions that researchers make about where, how and to what extent to intervene).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{BoydDavis:2015:IIH, author = "Stephen {Boyd Davis} and Florian Kr{\"a}utli", title = "The Idea and Image of Historical Time: Interactions between Design and Digital Humanities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "100--119", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "The paper addresses the relationship between design and the digital humanities, asking what each can learn from the other and how they may make progress together. The focus is critical making in chronographics --- the time-wise visualisation of history --- based on the authors' historic research and current practice in visualising collections of cultural objects and events. This is situated in historic and contemporary contexts, arguing that the eighteenth century origins of the modern timeline have useful insights to offer in terms of objectives and rationale. The authors advocate a critical approach to visualisation that requires both design and digital humanities to face up to the problems of uncertainty, imprecision, and curatorial process, including in relation to time itself.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{Anderson:2015:CID, author = "Steve Anderson", title = "Critical Interfaces and Digital Making", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "120--139", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "This article explores the relationship between critical making in the material world and processes of digital making that take place in the realm of software. Focusing on the evolving status of the interface in the development of three digital humanities-related platforms, the journal Vectors, the electronic publishing tool Scalar and the public media archive Critical Commons, the essay argues that the benefits associated with critical making may take place in the comparatively ethereal realms of software and ideation as well as physical making, and that particularly productive points of convergence may be found at the intersection of software development, user interface and information architecture. This article has a digital component available at http://scalar.usc.edu/works/critical-interfaces", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{Murray:2015:MCL, author = "Padmini Ray Murray and Chris Hand", title = "Making Culture: Locating the Digital Humanities in {India}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "140--155", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "What is called `making' in North America and Europe is, frankly, a luxurious pastime of wealthy people who rightly recognize that their lives are less full because they are alienated from material culture [\ldots{}] All over what is called the Global South there are makers everywhere, only they are not called makers. (Csikzentimihalyi, 2012; p9) The context for making in the Global South is obviously different to the West. In this article we aim to explore what critical making in India might mean, and in particular how this debate and the practices around it can contribute to the development of digital humanities, particularly in the heritage/public history sector. We consider two examples in order to demonstrate the role that design might play in helping digital humanities to take account of non-Western contexts. Firstly the Indian practice of jugaad --- an indigenous combination of making-do, hacking, and frugal engineering --- against the backdrop of making/DIY culture, and how local circumstances might shape intellectual explorations through critical making. Secondly we examine the case study of the design of an ``Indian'' videogame prototype, Meghdoot, produced as part of the interdisciplinary UnBox festival in New Delhi, 2013, which was used as an exploratory vehicle for what it means to make a culturally specific digital game in India. We demonstrate how cultural specificity and local context, with its emphasis on making culture --- as opposed to localization and globalization --- can contribute meaningfully to current understandings of the digital humanities, and extend the conversation to the Global South in an inclusive and relevant manner.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{Sayers:2015:PP, author = "Jentery Sayers", title = "Prototyping the Past", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "156--177", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "This article outlines a methodology for combining media studies with rapid prototyping and computer numerical control (CNC) techniques premised on remaking technologies that no longer function, no longer exist, or may have only existed as fictions, illustrations, or one-offs. Called ``prototyping the past,'' the methodology understands technologies as entanglements of culture, materials, and design, and it explains how and why technologies matter by approaching them as representations and agents of history. Informed by hermeneutics, it refuses to take historical materials at face value. It situates media history in a particular thing and the contradictory interpretations that thing affords. It also relies upon trial-and-error negotiation across modes of 2-D and 3-D production, creating media that function simultaneously as evidence and arguments for interpreting the past. Yet most important, prototyping the past does more than re-contextualize media history in the present. It integrates that history into the social, cultural, and ethical trajectories of design. To demonstrate the methodology, I detail how the ``Kits for Cultural History'' project at the University of Victoria prototypes absences in the historical record and prompts audiences to examine the conditions of that record. I then dedicate my attention to one Kit in particular: the ``Early Wearables Kit,'' which remakes an 1867 electro-mobile jewelry piece from Paris. After interpreting the Early Wearables Kit from three different perspectives, I articulate eight ways to understand prototyping and media history together, with an emphasis on how prototyping the past stresses the contingent relations between matter and meaning.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } @Article{McCarthy:2015:BAC, author = "Steven McCarthy", title = "Book Art: a Critical Remix of {{\booktitle{The Electric Information Age Book}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "49", number = "3", pages = "178--203", month = dec, year = "2015", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V49N3_2015_E.pdf", abstract = "Operating under the theoretical frameworks of `remediation,' `recontextualization,' and `critical design,' this project, titled Book Art The Information Electric Age, proposes an alternative method to standard book reviews and to notions of publishing. It is a critical book review with a supporting essay that includes an in-depth description of the author's hybrid digital-analog process. Book Art is a critical remix of The Electric Information Age Book: McLuhan/Agel/Fiore and the Experimental Paperback by Jeffrey T. Schnapp and Adam Michaels, with cameo appearances by The Medium is the Massage. Book Art uses collage to reconfigure and re-imagine these books as a commentary on mediation, information, expression, communication, and authorship. Book Art is freely available as a PDF download at http://faculty.design.umn.edu/mccarthy/BookArt-aCriticalRemix-McCarthy.pdf Printed copies of Book Art may be purchased online at http://www.lulu.com/shop/steven-mccarthy/book-art-a-critical-remix/paperback/product-22375643.html", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Special issue: Critical making: Design and the Digital Humanities, guest editors Jessica Barness and Amy Papaelias", } %%% V50N1_2016_E.pdf has jumbled and multiply-repeated pages @Article{Zender:2016:ABa, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:16:46 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{Davis:2016:NSC, author = "Meredith Davis", title = "``{Normal} science'' and the changing practices of design and design education", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "6--23", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/182/article/1252; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2016:DJC, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "Design Journals: Context, Serendipity, and Value", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "24--47", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/182/article/1282; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "In celebration of Visible Language's fifty years of publication, and as its second editor, I examine some journals that have shaped my thinking over many years. I provide a personal journey through some of these journals, some of which have ceased publication long ago. Considering a special issue, an author who influenced me, or the visual stimulation a journal provided, the value of journals becomes apparent. In some cases, a journal anticipates a future that doesn't unfold for decades; while in other cases, an author flags a design or cultural issue with which we still wrestle. An underlying theme is technology and the state of design today. The journals consulted are Design Quarterly, Dot Zero, Icographic, Information Design Journal, Design Issues, Octavo, International Journal of Design, and She Ji.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", keywords = "Character density; Editorial Design; Line length; Metrics; Typography", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{Zender:2016:DRP, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Design Research Pioneer {Josef Albers}: a case for design research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "48--77", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/182/article/1272; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "A lot of design has happened since Josef Albers produced his massive work Interaction of Color in 1963 (Albers, 1963). Communication design has grown from a toddling discipline full of confidence to an adolescent exploring new territory. Albers' color teaching in design school, articulated 52 years ago just as Graphic Design was emerging as a professional discipline, had a formative influence that has been as widespread as it continues to be lasting. Today, as design research is becoming normative in practice, this article revisits Albers not for his teaching, which is well understood, nor for his art, which is famous, but for his research. Josef Albers can be viewed as a pioneering design researcher of the first order and Interaction of Color can be read as the one of the earliest published records of a body of design research and principles derived from it. In this light, Albers' work might be worthy of emulation in its focus on a key topic explored through sustained, systematic, empirical study that produced generalizable knowledge and kept practice before theory. The article observes that design, far from building on Albers' research legacy, has largely failed to produce works of similar quality or influence to his groundbreaking work 50 years ago.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{dosSantosLonsdale:2016:TFT, author = "Maria {dos Santos Lonsdale}", title = "Typographic features of text and their contribution to the legibility of academic reading materials: an empirical study", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "79--111", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/182/article/1262; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "An experimental study provided evidence that text layout affects performance when reading text to search for specific information under time pressure in an examination-type situation. The present paper reports a second experimental study conducted to ascertain whether this effect extends to similar academic reading materials and situations that, contrary to examinations, are performed under no time pressure. Three layouts were used for comparison, which replicated real-life examination materials and represented three distinct levels of legibility. The results revealed that text layout affects performance under conditions of search reading even when time pressure is absent. Moreover, participants performed better with the layout conforming to legibility guidelines and considered this layout to be the easiest to use and the most attractive. In order to understand these findings, an attempt is made to specify a theoretical model of reading in academic-type situations. The model identifies and analyses the stages of the reading process that might be affected by typographic layout and adopts the hypothesis that such effect takes place at the perceptual level of reading. The outcomes from this study will prove useful to those involved in the development of written materials used in academia such as textbooks, journal articles, magazines, and tests.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", keywords = "Academic texts; Perceptual level of reading; Search reading; Text layout; Typographic legibility", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{Pena:2016:CLL, author = "Ernesto Pe{\~n}a", title = "Calculating Line Length: an arithmetic approach", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "112--125", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/182/article/1292; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper introduces an arithmetic formula for the calculation of text line length (also referred to as line width) for roman alphabet from (1) the length of the alphabet in lowercase, (2) a value for the desired character density and (3) a mathematical constant. A short-range study with this formula has shown a margin of error of less than 5\% in common serifed text typefaces. The potential application of this formula in both print and digital editorial products could be diverse, from the approximate calculation of pages in a book to the establishment of control parameters in responsive web pages. Moreover, this formula would allow designers to make decisions about formal aspects on reading devices based on principles of readability and reading experience.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{DelRe:2016:PCT, author = "Louis {Del Re} and R{\'e}gis Vaillancourt and Gilda Villarreal and Annie Pouliot", title = "Pictograms: Can they help patients recall medication safety instructions?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "126--151", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/182/article/1312; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "Objectives: The effectiveness of pictograms to enhance the recall of information through a review of the literature was evaluated. Methodology: a search was conducted using ``Pictogram'' AND ``Recall'' on PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Knowledge databases. Additional searches were conducted on the above-mentioned databases and on Google Scholar using various combinations of key words ``pictorial'', ``picture'', ``aid'', ``memory'' and ``medication''. The main inclusion criterion was recall measurement. Results: Nineteen articles were analyzed. Ten studies measured immediate/short-term recall; five compared immediate/short-term to long-term recall; and four measured only long-term recall. Eight measured cued recall of pictograms and eleven measured free recall. Three studies failed to support pictograms as means to enhance recall for all subjects regardless of demographic characteristics. Recall abilities of elderly participants were lower than young individuals. Literacy level, education level, prior knowledge, and cultural familiarity are factors that may influence pictogram recall. Conclusion: Pictograms enhance patients' recall of information. Professionals using pictograms in healthcare settings should consider (1) educating patients about pictograms; (2) providing patients with pictorial cues; (3) measuring free recall with ``true'' method; (4) assessing patient's reading, education level, and prior knowledge of pictograms; (5) using text and pictograms; (6) and having special considerations for the elderly.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{Kelly:2016:RAR, author = "Meghan Kelly and Russell Kennedy", title = "Recognizing appropriate representation of indigenous knowledge in design practice", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "152--173", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/182/article/1302; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper focuses on the need for designers to follow clear, concise, workable practises to engage appropriately and ethically with indigenous knowledge on projects involving the graphical depiction of indigenous culture. Incorporating indigenous symbols into visual communication design strategies impacts a wide range of stakeholders and therefore requires a sensitive approach with broad consultation in regard to permissions and intellectual property rights; issues can be worked through if respectful practice methods are applied. This paper acknowledges cultural appropriation is not new and that creative, cross cultural interpretation and expressions of hybridity should be encouraged. However respectful communication, consultation, and collaboration are required whenever commercial application of indigenous culture is attempted. To demonstrate the need for clarity, three case study examples will be presented, each with design solutions involving the use of graphical depictions of indigenous culture and each selected due to the varying degrees of stakeholder engagement undertaken in the design process. The introduction of the ladder of stakeholder engagement theory is a new concept introduced in this paper that can be employed to better consider the appropriate and ethical engagement of designers with indigenous knowledge.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{Zender:2016:BRD, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Book Review: {{\booktitle{Data Design}} by Per Mollerup}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "175--175", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", bibdate = "Wed Feb 10 06:12:18 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } @Article{Anonymous:2016:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "1", pages = "176--176", month = apr, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:16:46 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N1_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Fiftieth anniversary issue: reflecting back | ahead.", } %%% V50N2_2016_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Baudelaire:2016:XAF, author = "Patrick Baudelaire", title = "The {Xerox Alto} Font Design System", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "12--25", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1342; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "This article is from a talk given at Stanford University in 1983 at a seminar for the Association Typographique Internationale (ATypI). It describes pioneering digital font software developed at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in 1974. Built for prototype personal workstations, the software uses mathematical curves called ``splines'' to define the outlines of letter shapes that are converted to bitmaps (pixel mosaics) for use on computer screens and digital printers. This spline-bitmap model is used today for the screens of nearly all computers, smart phones, ebooks, and other text displays. Previously unpublished, the manuscript appears here as digital font archaeology --- a glimpse of concepts from four decades ago that became the technology of much that we read today. We are grateful to Patrick Baudelaire for permission to publish it as he wrote it in 1985 and to the Cary Graphic Arts Collection of Rochester Institute of Technology for providing scans of the original manuscript and images in its collection. Charles Bigelow", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Carter:2016:DT, author = "Matthew Carter", title = "The Digital Typefoundry", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "26--37", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1352; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "This article is based on a talk given at Stanford University in 1983 at a seminar for the Association Typographique Internationale (ATypI). It describes the first all-digital type foundry, Bitstream, established in 1981. Outlines, rasterizing, bitmaps, optical sizes, weight gradations, low resolutions, optical alignment, pixel editing, grayscaling and other processes and problems associated with digital fonts today are discussed in this early, unpublished 1985 essay by one of the founders of Bitstream. We thank the Cary collection for providing scans of the manuscript and images.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Schmoller:2016:TL, author = "Hans Schmoller and ?. Matteson", title = "Two letters: 1968 \& 2016", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "38--39", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1352; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "This article is based on a talk given at Stanford University in 1983 at a seminar for the Association Typographique Internationale (ATypI). It describes the first all-digital type foundry, Bitstream, established in 1981. Outlines, rasterizing, bitmaps, optical sizes, weight gradations, low resolutions, optical alignment, pixel editing, grayscaling and other processes and problems associated with digital fonts today are discussed in this early, unpublished 1985 essay by one of the founders of Bitstream. We thank the Cary collection for providing scans of the manuscript and images.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beeton:2016:CMT, author = "Barbara Beeton and Richard Palais", title = "Communication of Mathematics with {\TeX}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "40--51", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook3.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/unicode.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib; http://www.tug.org/pubs/vislang-16/article.pdf", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1362; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "Mathematics publication has changed radically over the past 50 years, for both authors and publishers. What once required a skilled compositor to produce can now be accomplished, with the aid of computers and software, directly by authors. One key component of this change is the {\TeX} typesetting program. This software, designed by a mathematically discriminating computer scientist and made freely available, is now in operation on nearly every computer system in common use.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", keywords = "AMS-LaTeX; AMS-TeX; amstex; composition of mathematics; composition software; fonts for math and science; Knuth; LaTeX; mathematical symbols in Unicode; mathematical typesetting software; open source; STIX; symbols (math and technical notation); TeX; TeXbook; TUG (TeX Users Group)", } @Article{Mosley:2016:C, author = "James Mosley", title = "Commercial at @", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "52--63", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1382; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "This article is the reprint of an October 6, 2013 blog posting on the history of the ``commercial at'' sign.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beier:2016:LRA, author = "Sofie Beier", title = "Letterform Research: an academic orphan", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "64--79", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1372; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper looks into the history of letterform research and discusses why the discipline has yet to make the big break within design research. By highlighting two of the most popular focus areas (letter distinctiveness and the role of serifs) and by discussing various forms of methodological shortcomings, the paper suggests that future research into letterforms should (1) draw on results from the field of reading research (2) be based on test material informed by design knowledge and (3) move away from the former tendency of looking for universal answers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Grainger:2016:OPR, author = "Jonathan Grainger", title = "Orthographic Processing and Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "80--101", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1392; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "I will argue that processing letter identities and letter positions occupies a central interface between visual and linguistic processing during reading. This is primarily due to the fact that reading words in languages that use an alphabetic script is essentially letter-based. Information about letter identities and letter positions provides the gateway to whole-word written representations, to morphemes such as prefixes and suffixes, and to sound based representations. I will first summarize work on letter identification processes before describing mechanisms for parallel letter processing during single word reading. Finally, I will describe recent work demonstrating parallel processing of written information spanning several words during sentence reading.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Legge:2016:RDL, author = "Gordon E. Legge", title = "Reading Digital with Low Vision", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "102--125", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1402; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "Reading difficulty is a major consequence of vision loss for more than four million Americans with low vision. Difficulty in accessing print imposes obstacles to education, employment, social interaction and recreation. In recent years, research in vision science has made major strides in understanding the impact of low vision on reading, and the dependence of reading performance on text properties. The ongoing transition to the production and distribution of digital documents brings about new opportunities for people with visual impairment. Digital documents on computers and mobile devices permit customization of print size, spacing, font style, contrast polarity and page layout to optimize reading displays for people with low vision. As a result, we now have unprecedented opportunities to adapt text format to meet the needs of visually impaired readers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lee:2016:ERB, author = "Ryan Lee and Jeanne-Louise Moys", title = "Exploring the relationship between language and design: a study of {Hong Kong} newspapers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "126--149", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1412; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "Linguistically and in their visual form, Chinese and English are distinct typographic systems. This paper investigates the relationship between language and typographic design through examining a sample of Chinese and English newspapers published in Hong Kong. The paper outlines key considerations for Chinese typography and approaches to newspaper typography and layout and then explores these further in relation to the newspapers in the sample. The findings indicate that the Chinese newspapers tend to differentiate information through color and graphic devices more extensively and overtly than the English newspapers. The Chinese layouts also show a greater tendency towards symmetrical design and use an atomization approach to layout. These differences highlight the importance of considering the interplay between language and design and adapting descriptive frameworks for particular cultural contexts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2016:REC, author = "Anonymous", title = "Remembrances of eminent contributors to {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}'s first 50 years \ldots{}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "150--173", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1422; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2016:TTB, author = "Anonymous", title = "Top 50 typography books of the last 50 years", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "174--177", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1432; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "A broad group of type experts and aficionados voted in May of 2016 on the best typography books written since the start of Visible Language in 1967.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ojeda:2016:BHS, author = "Dann{\'e} Ojeda and Mathieu Lommen", title = "Book history scholarship: creation, transmission of knowledge and archives", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "180--199", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1442; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "This text takes the form of a conversation between Dann{\'e} Ojeda and Mathieu Lommen with a preliminary introduction by Dann{\'e} referring to book history and the history of reading. The talk took place on 14 May 2014, in the Special Collections (Bijzondere Collecties), that house medieval manuscripts, books, prints, among other heritage materials in the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Seward:2016:TEE, author = "Rene{\'e} Seward and Emily Verba Fischer", title = "Typography Education: Eco-System and Excellence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "2", pages = "200--219", month = aug, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/202/article/1452; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N2_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "The following two essays are responses to Maria Dos Santos Lonsdale's article entitled ``Typographic Features Of Text: Outcomes from Research and Practice'' ( Visible Language 48.3, 2014). From the lens of two professors of typography from the Myron E. Ullman School of Design at the University of Cincinnati, these partner texts position Lonsdale's detailed information about typographic principles for legibility into a broader, typographic ecosystem. In Part 1, Rene{\'e} Seward defines this ecosystem as a complex relationship between two differing components of information processing: seeing and perceiving. In Part 2, Emily Verba Fischer explores the cultivation of aesthetic sophistication in design students through attention to detail within that ecosystem. Overall, these responses discuss the influence of the typographic ecosystem to education, research, and practice as a whole. They were written for the same audience as identified by Lonsdale in her paper,``typographic and graphic designers, teachers and students'' (29).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2016:ABc, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "2--2", month = dec, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:28:23 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N3_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2016:RYD, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Reflecting on 50 years of Design History + {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "5--5", month = dec, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:28:23 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N3_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Griffin:2016:RVL, author = "Dori Griffin", title = "The Role of {{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} in Building and Critiquing a Canon of Graphic Design History", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "7--27", month = dec, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/232/article/1562; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N3_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "Throughout its first half-century of publication, Visible Language has contributed to the construction and deconstruction of a ``canon'' of graphic or visual communication design history. By including and excluding objects, practices, and makers from its literature, the journal has helped to establish a normative definition of what design history is and how it should function. The historical literature of Visible Language both participates in and, at notable moments, critiques a traditional canon: Eurocentric, male-dominated, artifact-focused, and professionally oriented. This article views the historical literature of Visible Language through quantitative and qualitative lenses. Quantitatively, the article establishes how much of the journal's literature is historical in content, what explicit purposes this literature serves for the discipline, and what areas of geographical and subject-matter emphasis emerge over time. Qualitatively, the article explores how this historical literature has influenced the conceptualization and practice of graphic or visual communication design history as an activity, how it has contributed to the self-conscious construction of the formal discipline, and how the existing literature has both shaped past developments and suggested as-yet unrealized future trajectories.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wragg:2016:GDS, author = "Nicole Wragg and Carolyn Barnes", title = "Graphic Designers' Sense and Knowledge of the User: Is thinking differently the groundwork for acting differently?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "29--62", month = dec, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/232/article/1572; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N3_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "Graphic designers' lack of concrete knowledge of their audience has drawn strong criticism from within the field, without seemingly prompting broad uptake of user research in design practice. This article reports on an unanticipated and ambiguous finding from an interview-based study with nine graphic designers, which sought their views on how graphic design practice had changed through the addition of web design to the former concentration on design for print; one catalyst for the adoption of the new title of communication design. The interviews elicited many unprompted comments claiming strong knowledge of the user, but also other statements showing the designers worked with little or no actual information about their audience. Two inferences are drawn here. In discussing how the participants resolved this situation, the article proposes that despite an interest in the agenda for user-centered design, most graphic designers currently lack the enabling skills and opportunity to carry through on this. Yet seeing a simple binary division between intent and its lack of fulfilment may not be the most useful way to consider the issue of graphic designers' knowledge of the user, a changed discursive position being an important conceptual rehearsal for new approaches to graphic design practice.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tetlan:2016:HHP, author = "Lou Tetlan and Douglas Marschalek", title = "How Humans Process Visual Information: a focused primer for designing information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "65--88", month = dec, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/232/article/1582; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N3_2016_E.pdf", abstract = "Data is presented identifying a major gap between two-dimensional (2D) communication modalities and actual learning of its content. It is proposed that information designers can create formats that are cognitively more effective by incorporating constructs from the cognitive sciences. In order to effectively design information for learning, an understanding of how the brain processes information is important and presented. In addition, application of cognitive constructs have the potential to guide designers in creating cognitive-based information designs (CID). Seven cognitive constructs are discussed that can directly impact the effectiveness of information formats.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2016:VLCa, author = "Anonymous", title = "{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} call for papers: Visible Language as social commentary", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "91--91", month = dec, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:28:23 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N3_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2016:VLCb, author = "Anonymous", title = "{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} call for papers: Hermeneutics, Communication theory, and Visible Language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "93--93", month = dec, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:28:23 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N3_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2016:JIc, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "50", number = "3", pages = "96--96", month = dec, year = "2016", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:28:23 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V50N3_2016_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V51N1_2017_E.pdf is missing pages 4--11, and some pages are repeated @Article{Zender:2017:ABa, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{Advisory Board}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "2--2", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:49:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pedersen:2017:BIC, author = "Pia Pedersen", title = "Behind {Isotype} Charts: The Design of Number-Fact Pictures", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "12--37", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/242/article/1592; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "For more than 40 years, Marie Neurath designed ISOTYPE charts using pictograms as graphical units to make a variety of information more accessible for the layman. She was a transformer linking science and design by using the benefits of both worlds to meet the public's interests. Significant insight could be gained from this innovative work. However, many relevant aspects of the transformation process remain elusive and are far too often imitated and misunderstood as simply drawing `rows of little men'.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hamann:2017:TWP, author = "Agnieszka Hamann", title = "{Tz'ihb'} write\slash paint'. Multimodality in {Maya} glyphic texts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "38--57", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/242/article/1632; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "In the times when Maya writing was an enigma, the analysis of Maya inscriptions necessarily focused on iconography and the purely visual aspect of an inscription. Once the writing system was satisfactorily deciphered, the main focus shifted to epigraphic analysis of glyphs and linguistic analysis of texts recorded by glyphs, frequently leaving out the accompanying image. Yet it seems that Maya scribes did not develop the concept of strict division between image and text: the same hands drew both, freely combining elements belonging to the visual and linguistic modalities. This projects attempts to define and describe the multimodality of ancient Maya inscriptions, including identifying modalities utilized by ancient scribes. It analyses how the composition, gestures, pictorial signs and text contribute to deliver the final message. On the example of three texts (Cancuen Panel 3, Laxtunich Panel 1 and Aguateca Stela 1) it attempts to develop methodology appropriate for the analysis of the genre of Maya glyphic inscriptions.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Wright-Carr:2017:SRI, author = "David Charles Wright-Carr", title = "Signs of resistance: Iconography and semasiography in {Otomi} architectural decoration and manuscripts of the early colonial period", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "58--87", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/242/article/1602; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "The indigenous peoples of central Mexico developed a complex and sophisticated system for the visual expression of culture during the three millennia preceding the Spanish conquest. Central Mexican imagery was materialized in sculpture and painting, in monumental and portable formats, including the embellishment of architectural surfaces and the painting of manuscripts. This system continued to function in a variety of cultural contexts for over a century after the conquest, as native peoples adapted to colonial rule and interaction with European colonists. In this article, a brief review of the fundamental principles of central Mexican visual language is presented, then examples of sculpted images from early colonial public architecture in Otomi towns are discussed, comparing their signs to those found in pictorial manuscripts painted in the early colonial period. These examples reflect the cultural tenacity and ethnic resistance of the indigenous sculptors and painters. They also reveal the resilience of central Mexican visual language, which continued to serve the interests of native peoples coping with life under Spanish rule.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", keywords = "ethnicity; iconography; semasiography", } @Article{Kwok:2017:ISP, author = "Brian Sze-Hang Kwok and Anneke Coppoolse", title = "Illuminography: a survey of the pictorial language of {Hong Kong}'s neon signs", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "88--111", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/242/article/1622; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "This article draws from a larger archival project in which still existing neon signs in much of Hong Kong's Kowloon peninsula have been photographed and subsequently preserved in the context of their imminent disappearance from the streets. Following the implementation of stricter regulations on sign sizes, the rise of cheaper and energy efficient LED solutions and urban redevelopment, Hong Kong's neon signs have an uncertain future. This article examines graphic forms of a range of icons and symbols used on neon signs plus their meanings. As Hong Kong's spectacular neonscape is (and was) a symbol of prosperity and consumerism, individual signs, icons and symbols of another kind present their own narratives. This article considers the relationship between icons and the city that they have prided for decades; specifically, it looks at its unique eclecticism. It reveals how a seeming spectacle of hues, lights, and images presents a story about Hong Kong's bicultural heritage. Indeed, what it intends to highlight is that even though neon signage is a Western technology and although it was used quite specifically in the context of consumerism, Hong Kong's adaptation indicates an eclecticism that has maintained traditional Chinese symbolism.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beier:2017:LIE, author = "Sofie Beier and Katrine Sand and Randi Starrfelt", title = "Legibility Implications of Embellished Display Typefaces", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "112--133", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/242/article/1612; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bigelow:2017:WED, author = "Chuck Bigelow and Mary Dyson and Maria dos Santos Lonsdale and Kevin Larson", title = "What exactly is the difference between a text and a display typeface?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "134--142", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/242/article/1652; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "What exactly is a display typeface?", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "A 2016 discussion about terminology for text versus display typefaces.", } @Article{Anonymous:2017:VLC, author = "Anonymous", title = "{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} calls for papers: Special Student Issue and Historical Evidence", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "143--143", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:49:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Anonymous:2017:JIa, author = "Anonymous", title = "Journal Information", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "1", pages = "144--144", month = apr, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Sat Feb 20 11:49:44 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N1_2017_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V51N2_2017_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Zender:2017:DCN, author = "Mike Zender and Alisa Strauss", title = "Design by Consensus: a New Method for Designing Effective Pictograms", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "2", pages = "6--33", month = aug, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N2_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "A pictogram is useless if people cannot comprehend its meaning. Current pictogram design practice typically involves a designer envisioning what might represent a concept then drawing a pictogram that they think represents it. In this the designer is informed by their own experience and perhaps some study of pictograms with similar meanings. Unfortunately, this practice has been proven to frequently fail. Our previous studies have shown that designers create more comprehensible pictograms when they are aware that most pictograms consist of several icons and graphemes, know which of those to include, and understand how to draw each icon. This study focuses on one of these essential processes: what icons people expect to see in a representation of a concept. It explores the use of consensus analysis techniques in determining --- before even a rough draft of the pictogram is created --- which icons are most needed. Once data obtained via freelisting, pilesorting, and ranking were analyzed using consensus analysis, the symbols that should be included in each pictogram were determined. Pictograms were then designed using those icons and were evaluated for comprehension. Results indicate that using techniques of quantitative ethnography to guide pictogram design improves comprehension of the resulting pictogram.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2017:DUD, author = "Mike Zender", title = "{DrawIt}: a user-drawn design research method for symbol design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "2", pages = "34--61", month = aug, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N2_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "Symbols are essential to communication design. Unfortunately, designers often draw unclear symbols because they fail to anticipate how people will respond. This paper describes a research method to help designers draw better symbols by having users inform symbol drawing decisions. It is based on popular games like Pictionary and findings from vision science on ``mental images'' and psychology on ``basic level'' mental categories. It has been developed over five years in multiple studies and demonstrated to help design symbols with clear comprehension.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ramirez:2017:MMS, author = "Ang{\'e}lica Baena Ram{\'\i}rez", title = "Metonymic and Metaphoric Series in the {Codex Borgia}. Plates 33--34", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "2", pages = "62--79", month = aug, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N2_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "The main objective of this article is to understand how the metaphoric and metonymic graphic series helped to convey sequences of meanings and how they combined to provide a global interpretation of the content. As well, I will also analyze the relationship between signs with literal/fixed and metaphorical meaning, based on the context where the images are located and their association with other graphic signs. I will take some examples from plates 33 and 34 of the Codex Borgia to explain how the Mixtec-Nahua semasiographic system worked and how the different signs were combined for the transmission of a message, which was not univocal, but which functioned as a tool for the priest to remember and recompose the information contained. At the end of this research, an attempt will be made to provide an interpretation of plates 33 and 34, based on the understanding of the Mixtec-Nahua graphic system. I will try to prove that the apparent ``chaos'' contained in these plates, in fact serves to emphasize a mental and mythical concept that can be expressed in different ways, in order to provide the priest (tonalpouhque) with a mnemonic tool. The tonalpouhque could use the codex not just to remember information, but also to create new content", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lama:2017:WAM, author = "Daniel Salazar Lama and Rogelio Valencia Rivera", title = "The Written Adornment: the many relations of text and image in {Classic Maya} visual culture", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "2", pages = "80--105", month = aug, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N2_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "This article focuses on a complex and very common practice in the Mayan visual culture of the Classic period (250-600 AD): the integration of writing elements in images. This integration can be presented under many aspects and forms and fulfills several functions. The most important of them is to create a semantic complementation with the image, indicating what it is not able to express, such as anthroponyms (personal names) and place-names. In this text we also explore the many ways in which this assimilation takes place, and we propose clear and essential principles for the detection of assimilated text elements within the images. We also explore, albeit briefly, this same practice in other Mesoamerican visual cultures, with the intention of putting it into perspective and understanding it not as an isolated and exclusive practice of the Maya, but shared by many Mesoamerican groups over several centuries.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ockerse:2017:BWH, author = "Thomas Ockerse and Per Mollerup", title = "Bespoke Wayshowing in Hospitals", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "2", pages = "106--125", month = aug, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N2_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "Wayfinding in hospitals causes problems for patients, visitors, and staff. Applying the principle of least effort on wayfinding points at a three-tier set of wayfinding styles with increasing mental workloads. These styles are walk-and-see, walk-and-read, and stop-and-study. While traditional wayshowing technologies facilitate the two first wayfinding styles, the third wayfinding style is best supported by individual wayfinding assistance, which is not given by traditional wayshowing technologies. This paper suggests addressing this problem by introducing bespoke wayshowing enabled by adaptive mass-customisation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V51N3521_2017_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Renner:2017:PLI, author = "Michael Renner", title = "Practice-led Iconic Research: Towards a Research Methodology for Visual Communication", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "8--33", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "This article introduces the concept of `practice led-iconic research.' It provides a brief philosophical background on the relation between `text and image,' and a theoretical frame to investigate how images generate meaning. The article introduces practice-led iconic research as an approach starting from the making of images, which consists of two trajectories. The first trajectory focuses on the design process, especially on looking at the various conditions that guide decision-making in the becoming of unseen images. The second one examines the characteristics of an image category, i.e. it concentrates on the generation of a specific category of images from a field of variations. Both trajectories of iconic research aim to provide evidence perceived by the visual sense that augments the evidence provided by language.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Schubbach:2017:PPL, author = "Arno Schubbach", title = "The Practice of Practice-led Iconic Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "34--55", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "The approach of practice-led iconic research originated in the tradition of design and visual communication. It is often put into opposition to any research on images with an academic background or generally linked to the rather vague label of `theory'. In contrast, this contribution argues that the outdated opposition of theory and practice is not adequate to conceive of practice-led iconic research. Rather, it should be understood as a specific research practice based on the production of images and aimed at gaining knowledge about visual communication and its specific pictorial means. All factors of image formation and the practice of design can become a subject of investigation. In order to characterize this kind of practice-led research and its usage of pictures, I compare it with theory-driven approaches and their respective use of picture examples as well as to the particular ways the natural sciences and artistic research engage with pictures.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ahn:2017:DHV, author = "Jinsu Ahn", title = "The Dynamism of {Hangeul}'s Vertical Strokes and the Flow of Its Lines of Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "56--73", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "The Korean script, Hangeul, did not have its starting point as a written script: it was created based on simple geometric design principles and was first introduced through a publication as printed type. Since this publication focused on educating people how to combine letters and read them, not on demonstrating the writing in practice, this first edition of Hangeul did not reveal how the writing instrument involves building a letter or making the vertical lines of writing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the design properties of Hangeul that appear in the process of practical writing, which stands in contrast to the printed version. Simple writing experiments and the analysis of their outcome were performed to find answers to the following questions: What formal properties do Hangeul strokes have, and what role do they play in connecting letters to form a fluid vertical line of text? What formal correlations exist between the form of Hangeul characters and the vertical writing culture?", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{LopezGruninger:2017:IUC, author = "Paloma {L{\'o}pez Gr{\"u}ninger}", title = "The Image as Unstable Constellation: Rethinking {Darwin}'s Diagram from the Perspective of Practice-led Iconic Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "124--147", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "The visual process is formed by a broad variety of choices that reach from material aspects, such as the selection of the tool or the support material, to a multiplicity of formal, organizational, and aesthetic decisions. The variance of possibilities is sheerly infinite. The knowledge about and the practical experience of these options are at the very core of a particular manner of looking at images, which can be described as a way of understanding them in respect to their potentiality. Under this perspective, images can no longer be seen as one indivisible and homogeneous entity, but as a flexible constellation resulting from individual choices. Through this approach, paired with the methodology of practice-led iconic research, questions about the process and the decisions that drove the image towards its final appearance are allowed to arise. This article will show, using as an example the famous diagram that Charles Darwin drew in 1837 into his sketchbook, how a different understanding of images, can allow us to uncover new insights on the intrinsic meaning of the diagram itself.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Reymond:2017:PIB, author = "Claire Reymond", title = "Premises for Interaction between Images", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "148--173", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "When images are seen in pairs, the viewer seeks the perceivable features shared by the two images, to compare them. The aim of this process is to understand why they stand next to each other and also, if possible, to understand the images as a unity. Studies in the field of art history (see the method of `comparative seeing') and psychology (as an example `visual metaphors') investigate--in the field of image-juxtaposition--different aspects of this phenomenon. Nevertheless, the premises that are needed for images to be interpreted as belonging together have yet to be examined on the image-level. This study analyzes the basic conditions that should be given for image connection processes to occur and tries to answer the following question: ``Which pictorial elements can be detected as premises for a relation between two images?''. The investigation is an explorative study using the method of practice-led iconic research to detect the premises that allow connection processes between images to occur. The analysis documents the relevance of different image-features, as for example, the analogy of the directional positions within the images or the width of the stroke in line drawings. An eye-tracking study, that was conducted as a subsequent step, strengthens the findings of the practical research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Hubner:2017:MTV, author = "Michael H{\"u}bner", title = "Making Things Visible: Visual Strategies for the Representation of Objects in Collections", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "174--201", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "Design collections today collect cultural and aesthetic knowledge embodied in a vast number of objects. Except for exhibitions and collection visits one can only access the objects through reference systems, registries and catalogues. These forms of representation mostly rely on textual description and standardized photography. The hypothesis of this article is, that by this means only a very limited impression of objects of aesthetic value can be conveyed. But their significance arises precisely from the interplay of their formal appearance, materiality, proportions, function, use, context, and history. How to get an idea of, for example, the sensory qualities of a chair without being confronted with it on a physical level? This article presents a practice-led investigation on different visual strategies for representing objects and their effects on the perception of the latter. How and what kind of knowledge can be gained? Series of photographs as well as hand and digital drawings alternate with reflexive observation thus formulating diverse findings and opening up further perspectives not only for the practice of object collection.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Gromala:2017:BRF, author = "Diana J. Gromala and Sharon Poggenpohl", title = "Book Review: Fire Signs, A Semiotic Theory for Graphic Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "204--207", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kaser:2017:DIS, author = "Susanne K{\"a}ser", title = "Documentary Image Sequences", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "96--123", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "The question of how a documentary image sequence must be designed to convey a temporal development was addressed based on a selection of photographs taken within the framework of the Novartis Campus Documentation project over a period of ten years. Using the method of the Practiceled Iconic Research, individual parameters are illuminated separately in order to show their influence on the perception of the sequence. In the process of designing image sequences, aspects such as the scope of the sequence, temporal distances between the images, gradations between the difference and similarity of the image material, light situation, color palette, and image section are investigated and discussed with the help of practical examples. As a result of the investigation, a statement about the mode of operation of the decisive parameters, which make an image sequence perceptible as a document of the temporal change, is described.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Aichmaier:2017:IDP, author = "Helga Aichmaier", title = "Identifying Design Processes in Photography by Analyzing Photographic Strategies in the Documentation of Public Places: `{It}'s hard to be down when you're up'", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "51", number = "3-52.1", pages = "74--85", month = dec, year = "2017", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V51N3521_2017_E.pdf", abstract = "Recent research in the fields of image studies, visual communication, graphic design, and the history of science shows that there are `design processes' -- specific decision-making processes --- in the practices of designing, painting, or drawing. I assumed that parallels could be drawn between those visual practices and photography. This paper explores how taking pictures within a research context enables the analysis and verbalization of strategies that are employed in photographic design processes. Despite a growing body of knowledge around image creation, little research has been conducted on photographic design processes. Viable contact sheets, sketches, proofs, or notes have not been available yet for proper research. Thus ``practice-led iconic research'' is adapted as a method for photography --- possibilities of photographic practice and its strategies are explored as an instrument of research. The research questions were narrowed down to inquire into the image production of documentary photographs, specifically, of four public squares in Switzerland and Austria: How do photographs have to look in order to be recognized as documentation of a certain place? Is it possible to identify specific photographic strategies for documentary image generation? It was found that there are several strategies that support a documentary impression if they are employed during the creative process of photography, such as top views, critical distance, or frontality. The findings can contribute to the question of how visual meaning might be generated, enhancing an understanding of photography and design in the field of design practice as well as theory. This paper is based on the dissertation ``Strategies of an Image Practice'' (Aichmaier 2016).", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Trogu:2018:CLC, author = "Pino Trogu", title = "Counting But Losing Count: the legacy of {Otto Neurath}'s {Isotype} charts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N2_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "Since its invention by Otto Neurath in 1920s Vienna, the Isotype system of statistical visualization hasn't gone out of fashion. Isotype charts with their rows of aligned pictograms are common today but were a novelty one hundred years ago. Some praise Isotype charts for their accessible style of repeated pictorial symbols. Others correctly believe that this figurative characteristic often gets in the way of the data-message being presented. This paper questions the soundness of requiring the viewer to engage in such a cumbersome strategy to extract information from a typical Isotype chart: counting the symbols in each row and multiplying by the given scale to get the totals. Recent psychological findings on the limitations of working memory reveal why this strategy is inefficient, and renders Isotype ineffective for displaying data greater than the number seven plus or minus two --- the famous finding of George A. Miller on the limitations of human working memory. The effectiveness of the Isotype method is therefore higher and its disadvantages less noticeable when small quantities are involved, and when other refinements can be added to the charts to aid the viewer. This paper notes that Isotype charts are subject not only to the limitation of working memory but also to the inherent ambiguity of words and images. Being culturally constituted, both words and images elude universality and are always in need of disambiguation. It suggests that Neurath was unaware of how deeply his pictograms are culturally constituted --- not universal. The paper shows how these mental and cultural limitations can be mitigated or even eliminated by the use of means that are less ambiguous because more widely dispersed globally in almost every modern culture --- namely by written arabic numerals showing absolute quantities and fractions. In many cases, written numbers are the best pictures. In today's world, they are pictures that are transcultural and psychologically immediate. By viewers throughout the world, they are so familiar that they require little mental processing time or effort. A picture is worth a thousand words. The picture of a number is worth almost any number of Isotype pictures.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Fisher:2018:SDF, author = "Emma Fisher and Nicolette Lee and Scott Thompson-Whiteside", title = "Same But Different: a framework for understanding conceptions of research in communication design practice and academia", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N2_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "Situation: There has been a growing emphasis on the importance of collaboration between the design academy and design practice, as well as research engagement by design practitioners in recent years. However, there is a lack of consensus about what constitutes research to support and inform these activities, particularly within communication design contexts. Aim: This paper explores conceptions of research held within academia and practice in the communication design field in Australia, and aims to propose a speculative framework for understanding different conceptions of research that can be applied to enhance collaboration between the two sectors and engagement by practitioners. Background: First, the background of this issue is summarized with a description of the growing value of research engagement and research collaboration, both in broad terms and specifically within the Australian communication design field. Literature review: Second, the literature review discusses how research has been defined in the past including in general academic publications, literature from the design discipline, and mass-market media. An overview of past relevant studies that have explored conceptions of research by design practitioners is also presented. The Australian Study: Following the literature review, key findings are presented from a study of how research is characterized in the Australian communication design field. Data collected via questionnaires and focus groups are reported, and differences and similarities between practitioners and academics' characterizations of research are discussed and compared with criteria for research found within the literature. Notable findings include that academics and practitioners characterized research similarly in some ways, yet differently in relation to underlying purpose and expectations for systematicity and empirical evidence. Discussion: Finally, a speculative framework for understanding the differences between design practitioner and academics' conceptualizations is presented including a proposal for how these conceptualizations may be managed during collaboration. Implications and recommendations for design academics and practitioners are outlined. Barriers and opportunities for collaboration are discussed in the interests of fostering long-term benefits and impact. Conclusion: Recognizing that design practitioners and academics are likely to hold differing conceptions of research, particularly with respect to systematicity, appropriate types of data and expected outcomes, equips designers and researchers to enter collaborations with a greater awareness of aspects of the project that may require clarification, negotiation, and confirmation.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ramirez:2018:ROA, author = "Rodrigo Ram{\'\i}rez", title = "Reviewing Open-access Icons for Emergency: a case study testing meaning performance in Guemil", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N2_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "Commonly called pictograms, symbols or icons, it is convened that these are normalized images designed to display a concrete meaning. As a system, icons function as a codified language to facilitate communication. These can also be efficient to manage messages on different media or information technologies. In the specific context of an emergency, different initiatives of icons have been developed, mainly considering context (i.e., a crisis) or specific actions (i.e., warning). Today, it is possible to find different icon collections, some presenting styling novelty, and open-access. However, usually, these are delivered as is, without any proof of their effectiveness. It these are designed for critical contexts such as emergency, evidence of performance might be provided. Evidence can be collected from testing, contributing to developing better tools for communication in crisis from local to global scale. This article presents definitions and a review of cases on icons for different types of emergency, selected by their open availability. Based in the literature review, a fundamental indicator to assess icons performance is Comprehension. As a case study, testing process and results conducted in the Guemil Project are explained. This is centered on `Meaning' as a specific variable to measure performance. Finally, some reflections emphasize both open--access orientation and the importance of performance tests to establish effectiveness.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Switzer:2018:UDR, author = "Brian Switzer", title = "Using Design Research for a Better Understanding of Complex Problems: a study of two homes for the elderly", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N2_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "Although the Hospice Foundation in Constance knew they had a personnel problem, they were unsure how to begin to fix it. In addition to difficulties in finding and keeping employees, the Hospice Foundation's employees were often on sick leave, adding pressure on remaining staff. Twelve communication design students in the masters program at the University of Applied Sciences in Constance (HTWG Konstanz) conducted a study aimed at identifying the causes for these problems and, more generally, understanding how the employees work and feel. Even though the methods in this study are well known, it presents an important prototype for designers and design researchers because of its success in finding useful insights. It also serves as a pre-design project briefing for both management and designers. It demonstrates the usefulness of qualitative methods in providing a deeper understanding of a complex situation and its usefulness as a strategic tool and for defining a project's focus and scope. Ideally, it also provides insights into health care for the elderly.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V52N3_2018_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Bakalka:2018:IPB, author = "Laura Bakalka and Catarina Lelis", title = "Informing personal branding through self-assessed handwriting analysis: proposal of a supportive online platform", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "Despite the abundant existing literature on the psychological aspects of graphology and visual communication, very little research (if any), has been conducted, as to the links of interpreting personal handmade markings on graphic self-branding processes. This research aimed to investigate possible interrelations between fields of handwriting analysis (graphology) and personal branding, underpinning methods and patterns of building graphic personal identities amongst higher education students. Furthermore, it aimed to promote the use of graphology in self-branding processes. This involved secondary sources of information, along with empirical works, totalling 25 semi-structured interviews and the collection of 97 handwritten samples to detect commonalities/differences of handmade markings. Participants included higher education students and instructors from visual communication fields across two cultural contexts: Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom. The achieved findings were discussed with two professional UK-based graphologists. Given that self-branding is considered complex and time consuming amongst visual communication students, the outcome proposes an online personal brand design platform, innovating current methods of self-related research, yet grounded on current usages of conventional handwriting and providing a visual scope of relevant design applications, considering internal and external influencing factors.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Klohn:2018:IDP, author = "Sara C. Klohn and Alison Black", title = "Informative and decorative pictures in health and safety posters for children", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "Health and safety (H\&S) campaigns for children are often aimed at six to twelve year olds, with the same materials targeted across this age range despite their developmental and cognitive differences. We conducted a study to examine whether three different visual approaches to H\&S posters influenced children's engagement with and ability to elaborate from the poster content, and preferences for the posters. The study was conducted with children from two age groups (7-8 and 10-11 years of age). The posters were designed with the same verbal information but we varied the presented pictorial information: Poster 1 had informative pictorial information; Poster 2 had decorative pictorial information; poster 3 had no pictorial information. The study consisted of a written activity and a discussion. The results suggest children from each age group have different responses to the different kinds of posters tested, and particularly age-related preferences for informative or decorative pictures. We describe four responses tendencies that should be considered for further research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McIlwraith:2018:TDV, author = "Andrew McIlwraith", title = "Two-dimensional vs three-dimensional guide maps: which work best for museum visitors?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "This study aims to investigate the relative effectiveness and appeal of two designs of printed map designed for visitors to a museum. The two maps investigated differ in the projection of the building depicted: one is a series of two-dimensional floorplans, the other is a three-dimensional (axonometric) diagram of the museum. The study included a task in which participants were asked to plot a route on the map and then find their way to a predetermined destination in the museum, using one or other of the maps. Their ability to find their way successfully was assessed, and they were asked to describe any problems they encountered following the route. The second part of the study investigated participants' opinions of the map as an aid for planning or undertaking a visit to the museum. Finally, they were shown the alternative map to the one they had tested and asked to say which one they preferred and why. The results show that there are no marked differences in the effectiveness of the two types of map to facilitate wayfinding. Opinions were divided about which type of map was most useful, though almost all participants stated a preference for one or the other. The three-dimensional map was widely considered to provide a better overview of the building as a whole, and how different floor levels were connected. However, the three-dimensional map was also perceived as more complicated by some participants, which, for a minority, made it less preferable.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moys:2018:EVP, author = "Jeanne-Louise Moys and Peter Loveland and Mary C. Dyson", title = "{eInk} versus paper: exploring the effects of medium and typographic quality on recall and reading speed", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "This study compares the effects of reading from paper and an eInk display on recall and reading speed alongside the effects of changes in typographic quality (fluent and disfluent conditions). Both medium and typographic quality were between-subject variables resulting in four groups of participants. Each participant was timed while they read one text. They then completed a general questionnaire before answering multiple-choice questions evaluating their recall of the content they had read. Comparable reading speeds for paper and eInk were recorded and these were slower for disfluent conditions. Improved typographic quality significantly enhanced recall on eInk, whereas for paper participants who read the disfluent condition recalled more. These findings suggest that typographic quality has a significant effect on reading, which is also influenced by the medium. Although recall was better in the disfluent paper condition, some caution should be observed in translating this into recommendations that would result in more effortful reading.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Moys:2018:EIS, author = "Jeanne-Louise Moys and Carmen Mart{\'\i}nez-Freile and Rachel McCrindle and Lotte Meteyard and Holly Robson and Luke Kendrick and Maitreyee Wairagkar", title = "Exploring illustration styles for materials used in visual resources for people with aphasia", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "Images are often used in cueing therapy and other kinds of rehabilitation", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Perez:2018:GLD, author = "Ana Perez and Maria dos Santos Lonsdale", title = "Garment label design and companion information to communicate fashion sustainability issues to young consumers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "With the rise of fashion consumption and a clear lack of promotional input by retailers on the issues of sustainable fashion, this research shows that there is little awareness particularly among young adults on the issues of fashion sustainability. Therefore, a clear need to inform consumers on how to utilize, care for and dispose of fashion items is necessary to make the important changes to the planet's fashion waste issues. To this end, this research explores ways of how fashion brands can communicate a more sustainable way of consuming fashion to young consumers in the UK. Focus groups were conducted with the objective of identifying the main issues relating to fashion consumption including the lack of awareness and disposal of garments. These were followed by a collaborative workshop involving young consumers, where a fashion brand was created to educate consumers through information and garment label design solutions using innovative communication strategies. To ascertain the validity of these design solutions, usability testing was then conducted, which identified further design improvements. Although conducted with a small set of participants, this collaborative and user-centered research is well positioned to propose innovative solutions to communicate research-based design solutions on how to communicate, educate and change the perception of sustainable fashion among young consumers in the UK.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{John:2018:DNC, author = "Nicola St John", title = "Designing on {Ntaria} Country: telling stories with new tools", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "Indigenous creative expressions are ingrained with knowledge, through an inherited visual language of signs and symbols learnt from within culture, grounded in country and identity. The power and strength of this knowledge remains embedded across diverse creative mediums, contemporary tools and technologies. Yet the application of digital drawing within remote Indigenous contexts remains largely unexplored. This research sought to understand a Western Arrernte perspective of digital drawing, through examining the digital creative outcomes of Indigenous youth from Ntaria --- a remote community located on Western Arrernte Country in the Central Desert of Australia. Reported here, are findings on the students' use and understanding of these new tools as they moved from analogue to digital drawing for the first time. Introducing design tools to young adults from Ntaria enabled an exploration of digital drawing as a vehicle to develop `designerly styles' as they re-imagined drawing in a digital way. What emerged from this project was a space for young adults from Ntaria to express their identity and give voice to their contemporary experiences. Ntaria `designerly styles' are embedded within Western Arrernte cultural practice and reaffirm traditional visual language within a digital landscape. Results further reveal digital drawing can engage and foster the development of design-based creative practices for young people living in remote contexts, as well as longer-term economic and enterprise opportunities.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Traina:2018:HCP, author = "Rosanna Traina", title = "How can the principles and practices of information design help us produce useful live art documentation? {A} unique user-centered, experience-design challenge", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "This article presents the background to, and findings of the design development and testing of a prototype Live Art Information Document (LAIDoc), designed to address the desires, needs and preferences of postgraduate live art students researching past live art works. The building and testing of the LAIDoc comprised the final stage of a doctorate study undertaken at the University of Reading, entitled: an information design approach to", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lysbakken:2018:SSE, author = "Nina Lysbakken", title = "Spaces that Speak: Exploring Creative Opportunities in the Communication Design of Conversational Spaces", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "52", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2018", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V52N3_2018_E.pdf", abstract = "In this article, I argue that designers can benefit from understanding social media spaces from a cultural and communicative perspective. This approach to designing interfaces can expand creative potential and guide the process of shaping innovative and engaging interfaces. Such an approach may also help the designer understand how visual design influences meaning in interfaces and how the meaning is socially situated and dependent on context. I argue that the design can shape online conversations by communicating intended values of the conversational space through designed features. I demonstrate this through deconstructing, analyzing, and juxtaposing existing interfaces in terms of their visual language, intertextual references, and connotations. I discuss two design components of the interface --- typography and layout --- examples of tools the designer can use to shape meaning. I provide personal reflections, creative suggestions, and visualizations based on my practice as a graphic designer, in addition to metaphors that enable ways of thinking about the potential of such interfaces. The context is online magazines that promote conversation and dialogue --- in particular, the interface of Medium.com, a hybrid of a magazine and a blog-publishing platform. The analysis is conducted through a social semiotic framework and a designer's way of looking --- a complementing perspective in an emerging field of social media design research that often emphasizes functional perspectives and use quality. I found that there is creative potential in both what and how designers prioritize to communicate, that may influence the conversational space.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V53N1_2019_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Griffin:2019:HVC, author = "Dori Griffin", title = "Histories of Visual Communication Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "1", pages = "", month = apr, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N1_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "In this special issue of Visible Language, the history of visual communication design provides an area of thematic convergence. The research represented here engages typographic communication, an area of investigation familiar to the journal's readership. Yet its significance extends beyond illuminating the historical context of singular designs or designers. Collectively, the authors in this issue join a broader and sustained interdisciplinary conversation between design history and visual communication design practice. Situating their research relative to this shared context expands its relevance beyond their discrete areas of focus. Both design and its history are characterized, at present, by a complex and multivalent convergence of questions about decolonization and cultural sovereignty, world and/or global histories, the migration of forms and the evolution of their meanings, adaptive practices for a changing environment, and evolving definitions of design as activity and artefact. In collectively situating the authors' specific research agendas in relationship to these shared questions, the special issue proposes that the history of visual communication design is a vital and integral sphere of inquiry and that scholars, practitioners, and educators within the discipline benefit from participation in the ongoing dialogues of historical research.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Auji:2019:IMM, author = "Hala Auji", title = "The Implications of Media: a material reading of nineteenth-century {Arabic} broadsides", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N1_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "This article takes up a material analysis of a set of eleven nineteenth-century Arabic broadsides entitled Nafir Suriyya, published in Beirut by Syrian intellectual Butrus al-Bustani from 1860-1861. Produced in response to the civil wars of 1860 in Mount Lebanon and Damascus (in the Ottoman Syrian provinces), when intercommunal conflicts occurred between different confessional groups, these publications called for unity and cooperation amongst these communities through the framework of ``patriotism'' (wataniyya) and one's ``love of the homeland'' (hubb al-watan). These broadsides have thus played an important role in twentieth and twenty-first century scholarship on early nationalist sentiment, particularly a Syro-Lebanese political identity, amongst Arabic-speaking Ottoman denizens. However, the format and visual conventions of these broadsides are oftentimes overlooked or misinterpreted, thus effacing an important layer to understanding Nafir Suriyya's wider socio-political significance. Addressing these oversights, this study provides a close material reading of the Nafir Suriyya broadsides as examples of a then-new format. Comparative analysis with other contemporaneous public texts, such as Ottoman edicts and proclamations, better clarifies the social and cultural significance of these publications.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Avni:2019:IDQ, author = "Shani Avni", title = "{Ismar David}'s Quest for Original {Hebrew} Typographic Signs", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N1_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "Ismar David (1910--1996) was a prolific calligrapher, type designer, graphic designer, and illustrator who also engaged in architectural design and taught calligraphy. He studied applied arts in Berlin, emigrating to Jerusalem in 1932 and to New York in 1952. From the 1930s to the 1990s, he created a wealth of unique designs, most importantly the David Hebrew typeface family. It was the first comprehensive Hebrew typeface family, comprising nine styles that include a true Hebrew italic style and a monolinear style, equivalent to a Latin sans serif. David Hebrew provides an example of how a research-based design process can help negotiate the tension between old and new, leading to an innovative, well-informed design solution.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Witehira:2019:MMS, author = "Johnson Witehira", title = "Mana matatuhi: a survey of {Maori} engagement with the written and printed word during the 19th century", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N1_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "This article follows the growth of written communication by Aotearoa", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Klevgaard:2019:LCF, author = "Trond Klevgaard", title = "Lower case in the flatlands: New Typography and orthographic reform in a {Danish} printing calendar", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N1_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "The orthographic reform program known as kleinschreibung, or writing small, was an integral part of the New Typography of the 1920s and 30s. Commonly associated with institutions like the Bauhaus, or groups like the ring `neue werbegestalter' (circle `new advertising designers'), New Typography was also taken up in the work of numerous printers and compositors across Germany and beyond. In Denmark, where common nouns were capitalized then as they still are in German, one proponent of New Typography amongst printers was Typografernes fagtekniske Samvirke (The Compositors' trade-technical Cooperative). In 1934 this educational society published an annual titled Typografisk {\aa}rbog 1935 (Typographic yearbook 1935) where it set out how it had chosen to engage with New Typography and kleinschreibung by adapting them to Danish circumstances. This article takes Typografisk {\aa}rbog 1935 as the starting point for an investigation of the similarities and differences between the German and Danish contexts by tracing their histories of orthographic reform and by linking these to New Typography as practiced in the two countries.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V53N2_2019_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Kim:2019:VAT, author = "Min-Soo Kim and Jinsook Kim and Michael H. Fritsch", title = "For Visual Attention, are there any Tendencies in Form Interpretation?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N2_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "We examined if there is any intrinsically ``hard-wired'' tendency in the subject's Visual Attention. When asked to spontaneously decide preferences for shape or grouping of shapes, distinct patterns of preference in human test subjects were found. These preferences were consistent among ages older than 20 years adulthood and both genders. These findings could result in broad practical applications ranging from interface designs to visual alerts.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Lonsdale:2019:VTT, author = "Maria dos Santos Lonsdale and David J. Lonsdale and Matthew Baxter and Ryan Graham and Aya Kanafani and Anqi Li and Chunxinzi Peng", title = "Visualizing the terror threat. {The} impact of communicating security information to the general public using infographics and motion graphics", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N2_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "Terrorism represents one of the most pressing contemporary security threats. As a consequence, governments provide information to the public on threat levels and on how to respond to terror incidents. To effectively reassure the public, and to increase their vigilance, it is essential that the information communicated is accessible, clear, actionable and engaging. This is the first empirical study in the world to explore the impact of information design principles and visualization of information on the communication of security information related to terrorism. Two different but complementary strands were devised: Strand 1 --- compared whether more visualised information was more effective than text dense information at communicating to the public; Strand 2 -- compared whether a motion graphics was more effective than an infographic at communicating to the public. A survey questionnaire and interview were used to identify problems and needs. Several usability tests and iterations were conducted to develop new design solutions. Empirical testing was then conducted for final evaluation and validation, collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Results show significant differences between pre- and post-knowledge of the Terror Threat Levels. Results also show significant differences between text dense information and more visualised information. Results further show no significant difference between communicating information via an infographic or motion graphics in situations where information needs to be assimilated as a crescendo (i.e. levels of severity) or as a series of steps to be followed (action in an emergency). This study provides important guidelines on how to effectively communicate security information to the public, with practical implications for security agencies.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pedersen:2019:LPP, author = "Pia Pedersen", title = "Legibility of Pharmaceutical Pictograms: Towards Defining a Paradigm", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N2_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "The design of medicinal information in leaflets and labels is often criticized for not meeting patients' needs. For that reason, there is an increasing focus on how the use of pictures, such as pictograms, may benefit patients on their medical journey. However, before a pictogram can be comprehended it must be legible, which may be a challenge when pharmaceutical information has to be conveyed. Within a limited space many visual details need to be included in order to clarify the intended meaning.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Martins:2019:DVI, author = "Tiago Martins and Jo{\~a}o M. Cunha and Jo{\~a}o Bicker and Penousal Machado", title = "Dynamic Visual Identities: from a survey of the state-of-the-art to a model of features and mechanisms", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = aug, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N2_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "Recent years were marked by a growing demand for dynamic visual identities, observed not only in their increasing numbers but also in the research conducted in the field. In this work, the authors survey the current state-of-the-art, addressing the origins and history of this type of visual identity, as well as the different approaches to analyse and classify them. Current approaches lack objectivity, which is necessary for comparing different dynamic visual identities. The authors propose a novel model for the analysis of dynamic visual identities, based on the difference between variation mechanisms used to attain dynamism and features achieved. In order to assess and evaluate the model, it was applied to a set of dynamic visual identities and the results are discussed. Overall, the model allows an easy comparison between dynamic visual identities and the creation of objective categories. In addition, it is oriented towards the development of new visual identity systems and may serve as a supporting framework for designers to address specific necessities of the client, such as giving an active role to its public and fostering proximity to the brand.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V53N3_2019_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Reymond:2019:IDB, author = "Claire Reymond and Christine M{\"u}ller and Indre Grumbinaite", title = "E-Inclusion --- Defining Basic Image Properties for Illustrated Stimuli in Aphasia Treatment", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N3_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "Word production is stimulated by images in treatment processes for people with aphasia (Heuer \& Hallowell, 2007). Although stimulation through pictorial stimuli has a long tradition in aphasia therapy, there is a lack in research on which image stimuli are the most suitable for this purpose (Brown \& Thiessen, 2018). Current research assumes that stimulation via photographic images evokes better and more direct retrieve of searched words, than stimulation by illustrations (Heuer, 2016). However, the illustrations investigated so far mostly comprise black and white line drawings and there are hardy no studies investigating possible effects of different image parameters as style, image cropping or perspective in relation to clear naming.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bessemans:2019:VPS, author = "Ann Bessemans and Maarten Renckens and Kevin Bormans and Erik Nuyts and Kevin Larson", title = "Visual Prosody Supports Reading Aloud Expressively", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N3_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "Type is not expressive enough. Even the youngest speakers are able to express a full range of emotions with their voice, while young readers read aloud monotonically as if to convey robotic boredom. We augmented type to convey expression similarly to our voices. Specifically, we wanted to convey in text words that are spoken louder, words that drawn out and spoken longer, and words that are spoken at a higher pitch. We then asked children to read sentences with these new kinds of type to see if children would read these with greater expression. We found that children would ignore the augmentation if they weren't explicitly told about it. But when children were told about the augmentation, they were able to read aloud with greater vocal inflection. This innovation holds great promise for helping both children and adults to read aloud with greater expression and fluency.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Beier:2019:EAF, author = "Sofie Beier and Chiron Oderkerk", title = "The Effect of Age and Font on Reading Ability", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N3_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "To inform our knowledge of the typographical variables of stroke weight, letter width, and letter spacing, and their effects on different age groups and reading scenarios, we used Radner Reading Chart, where we measured reading speed at different sizes, to compare the fonts KBH Text, KBH Display, and Gill Sans Light. The experiment showed that for older participants, reading Gill Sans resulted in faster reading speed compared to KBH Text. However, Gill Sans could not be recognized at small sizes by either the younger or older participants. For critical print size (CPS), older participants were better at reading small print sizes at a regular reading speed when the text was set in KBH Text than when it was set in Gill Sans. The findings indicate that older readers are more sensitive to font legibility differences than younger readers.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2019:LLV, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Letterform Legibility and Visual Perception: a speculation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "53", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2019", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V53N3_2019_E.pdf", abstract = "``Roman capital letters first achieved the forms we know today about AD 100. \ldots At their most formal they are based on very simple geometric shapes, symbols for the sounds in a language. And each letter is successful as a symbol because its shape is hard to confuse with the others and is easy to memorize.''", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% V54N12_2020_E.pdf is missing from the Web site, so the contents of %%% its issue cannot yet be checked, corrected, and completed. @Article{Moys:2020:REB, author = "Jeanne-Louise Moys and Laura Marshall", title = "Readers' experiences of {Braille} in an evolving technological world", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "1--2", pages = "6--29", month = apr, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/322/article/2062; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V54N12_2020_E.pdf", abstract = "This paper investigates people's experiences and opinions of Braille as a reading method. It aims to explore how Braille's role may be evolving in a world with an increased range of technological alternatives for reading. Two participant studies with people with visual impairments are reported. Firstly, a survey (Study A) explores current reading experiences and preferences. Secondly, building on the survey findings, a series of in-depth interviews (Study B) explores individual reading experiences of different artefacts. The findings show how particular assistive technologies may be deemed more or less appropriate for different reading contexts and purposes and highlights issues of production and standardization for reading artefacts. This suggests that providing people with visual impairments with access to a range of resources could support more inclusive practices. The findings also suggest that in some contexts, such as information presented in public spaces and on packaging, greater standardization of Braille could be of benefit to people with visual impairments.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Nonaka:2020:LCD, author = "Angela M. Nonaka and Jean Ann and Keiko Sagara", title = "Linguistic and cultural design features of the manual syllabary in {Japan}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "1--2", pages = "30--65", month = apr, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V54N12_2020_E.pdf", abstract = "DeafSpace is a design paradigm concerned with celebrating sign language and Deaf culture. Using a DeafSpace-informed analysis, this case study shows the importance of visible language for signing Deaf people and the power of the adaptation of the manual syllabary (known as yubimoji in Japanese) from written kana scripts to promote literacy and fuller inclusion of Deaf people in Japanese society. Starting in antiquity, we explain the circumstances under which the Japanese first began to write and the development of their indigenous syllabaries called the kana. By the Meiji Era (1868-1912), the educational establishment in Japan devoted itself to the idea of literacy for all Japanese; thus began their Deaf education system. Several manual syllabaries were invented by teachers of the deaf but failed to take root because of design flaws. The yubimoji system that survived has appropriate design features and contributes to literacy and fuller inclusion for Deaf Japanese.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Serin:2020:LST, author = "Efecan Serin and Aprigio Luis Moreira Morgado and Ricardo Santos", title = "A {Latin}-script typeface, based on special education teachers' opinions, to use in literacy education of individuals with autism", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "1--2", pages = "66--97", month = apr, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/322/article/2082; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V54N12_2020_E.pdf", abstract = "The present study is based on an investigation in the areas of psychology, pedagogy, and design. It investigated the reading process and reading education strategies of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in order to develop a typographic system to assist pedagogues as they develop educational aids appropriate for a child's reading problems. The study used an interdisciplinary research methodology including a literature study, empirical knowledge, and a survey study. The survey was based on the opinions and experiences of special education teachers. The survey study showed that individuals with autism could have difficulties learning similar", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Peterson:2020:AGB, author = "Matthew Peterson and Brad Tober and Deborah Littlejohn and Mac Hill", title = "Anticipating Gaze-Based {HCI} Applications with the Tech Receptivity Interval: Eye Tracking as Input", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "1--2", pages = "98--127", month = apr, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V54N12_2020_E.pdf", abstract = "HCI researchers have repurposed diagnostic eye tracking technology as a mode of user input. Existing applications are numerous, but primarily address severe motor disability, with a recent increase in gaming enhancement. As noted by cognitive psychologist Nadiya Slobodenyuk, gaze-based HCI represents a fundamental change to the human--computer relationship if adopted for general interaction and information design purposes. A gaze-responsive system can make inferences on a user's mental state and respond rapidly without explicit user commands. The implications of such a system are significant, and are difficult to imagine and anticipate. We introduce the tech receptivity interval (TRI) as a framework to guide speculative design investigations that imagine potential applications of nascent technology. TRI distinguishes infancy and maturity conditions of receptivity, emphasizing the need for users to adapt to technologies before technological affordances can be fully realized. We provide case reports on gaze-based interaction, using TRI and conducted in an academic design studio. The case reports suggest applications not yet addressed in the literature. The case reports also suggest gaze-responsive changes to information structures in the form of temporal hierarchy and temporal text, which break from the long tradition of language representation in static lines and paragraphs.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{dosSantosLonsdale:2020:EBC, author = "Maria {dos Santos Lonsdale} and Stephanie Sciberras and Hyejin Ha and Stephen J. Chapman", title = "Enhancing Bowel Cancer Surgery Recovery through Information Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "1--2", pages = "128--169", month = apr, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V54N12_2020_E.pdf", abstract = "Bowel surgery is the most common treatment for numerous bowel diseases including cancer. The provision of information before and after bowel surgery is an important element of recovery. Pre-operative education assists in the psychological preparation for surgery, which has been shown to have a positive impact on patient satisfaction, pain management, and the duration of hospital stay. Traditionally, information is provided before surgery and delivered in text heavy written format, which presents a number of challenges, such as patients feeling overwhelmed, especially when diagnoses of cancer and plans for major surgery are discussed concurrently. Previous evidence also shows patients desire to be pro-actively involved in their recovery. Unfortunately, the development of new education interventions uncommonly involves patients and other information specialists in their design. To tackle this problem, a mixed-methods user-centered design approach was conducted to redesign an existing patient information booklet in order to meet patient needs and improve communication among patients and medical staff. For example, among other methods, a `within co-design' approach was used to identify stakeholder needs. Several usability tests and iterations were conducted throughout the design development to create a more visualized design format that follows research-based cognitive and design principles. Empirical testing was then conducted to evaluate and validate the final booklet design, collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. Results show significant differences in performance and users' preference between text dense information and a combination of text and visualized information. This in-depth research focusing on the booklet was then followed by the development of companion outputs (website and environmental infographics) through the same mixed-methods user-centered design approach. All in all, this study provides significant evidence and important guidelines on how to effectively communicate bowel surgery recovery information to patients, in order to increase their understanding and active role in their recovery, as well as minimize their uncertainties and anxiety. Although focusing on a specific scenario, these findings are also widely applicable to many forms of healthcare information.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kuraityte:2020:IKT, author = "Milda Kuraityt{\.e} and Ann Bessemans and Erik Nuyts", title = "Impact of Kinetic Typography on Readers' Attention", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "1--2", pages = "170--185", month = apr, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V54N12_2020_E.pdf", abstract = "Reading is one of the most complex cognitive processes requiring attention. In this research, we investigated the differences in attention duration, measured as fixation duration, of the different sub-categories of Kinetic Typography when compared to Serial Presentation. We used an eye-tracking system to record eye movements of controlled stimuli. Each stimulus consisted of a match between a different word and sub-category of Kinetic Typography. The data collected revealed significant differences between Fluid Typography and Serial Presentation in attention duration.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Parhami:2020:CCW, author = "Behrooz Parhami", title = "Computers and Challenges of Writing in {Persian}: Explorations at the Intersection of Culture and Technology", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "1--2", pages = "182--223", month = apr, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Tue Feb 9 08:33:04 MST 2021", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/issue/322/article/2122; https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/visiblelanguage/pdf/V54N12_2020_E.pdf", abstract = "The Persian script has presented some difficulties, ever since printing presses were introduced in Iran in the 1600s. The appearance of typewriters more than a century ago created additional problems and the introduction of digital computers in the late 1960s added to the design challenges. These difficulties persisted, until high-resolution dot-matrix printers and display devices offered greater flexibility to font designers and the expansion of the computer market in the Middle East attracted investments on improving the Persian script for computers. Nevertheless, certain peculiarities of the Persian script have led to legibility and aesthetic quality issues that persist in many cases. In this paper, I enumerate some of the features of the Persian script that made it a poor match to implementation on modern technologies and review the challenges presented by, and some of the solutions proposed for, each new generation of printing and display devices. Before delving into the technical challenges and solutions, however, I discuss the sociocultural significance of the interplay between centuries-old Persian culture/language/script and modern technology, along with associated research problems. Interestingly, the same features that make legible and aesthetically pleasing Persian printing/displaying difficult also lead to challenges in automatic text recognition. I conclude with an overview of current state of the art and areas that still need further work.", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Visible Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", old-journal-URL = "http://visiblelanguage.herokuapp.com/", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% ==================================================================== %%% At v53 n3 (December 2020), the journal moved to a new publisher with %%% a new Web site and Web page format. The Web journal issue metadata %%% lack DOI data, but DOI values can be reconstructed from the URL; %%% otherwise, they can be found in Web pages for individual articles. %%% Recent DOI values still fail to resolve at https://doi.org/. Page %%% ranges for volume 55, numbers 2 and 3 are not recorded anywhere in %%% the Web pages, or in DOI BibTeX entry retrievals. The page range %%% for entry Kudo:2022:IDP in volume 56, number 3, is also not %%% recorded, but there are no page gaps for the other articles in that %%% issue. Web searches found literature references with page ranges %%% for some of those articles, but at least 7 remain with unknown page %%% ranges. @Article{Krestev:2020:CTD, author = "Krassen Krestev", title = "The Characteristics of Text and Display Sizes in {16th Century Flemish Roman} Type: comparative analyses of seven types cut by {Hendrik Van Den Keere} in the period 1570--1580", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "3", pages = "4--31", month = dec, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v54i3.4609", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:04 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4609", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Renckens:2020:CPR, author = "Maarten Renckens", title = "Consequently Positioning the Rhythm in Type Based on the Letters' Longest Continuous Black Mass", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "3", pages = "32--47", month = dec, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v54i3.4610", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:04 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4610", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sieghart:2020:IMC, author = "Sabine Sieghart", title = "The Influence of Macrotypography on the Comprehensibility of Texts in Easy-to-Read Language: an empirical study", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "54", number = "3", pages = "48--93", month = dec, year = "2020", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v54i3.4611", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:04 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4611", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "From the first paragraph: ``The current LEO study has observed that 6.2 million adults in Germany have problems reading and understanding short texts (Grotl{\"u}schen et al., 2019). Their reading ability is insufficient to participate fully in society. For example, only 50\% of those questioned felt confident enough to change their electricity provider (Grotl{\"u}schen, 2019). International studies, such as the PIAAC Study, have found that the numbers are similar in all 33 countries investigated. On average, 15.5\% of people aged 16--65 in OECD countries are poor at reading or are illiterate (OECD, 2013).''", } @Article{Renckens:2021:VPS, author = "Maarten Renckens and Leo {De Raeve} and Erik Nuyts and Mar{\'\i}a {P{\'e}rez Mena} and Ann Bessemans", title = "Visual prosody supports reading aloud expressively for deaf readers", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "1", pages = "4--47", month = apr, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i1.4603", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:04 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4603", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Renckens:2021:PSE, author = "Maaten Renckens and Leo {De Raeve} and Erik Nuyts and Mar{\'\i}a {P{\'e}rez Mena} and Ann Beesemans", title = "A preliminary study exploring the relation between visual prosody and the prosodic components in sign language", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "1", pages = "48--65", month = apr, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i1.4604", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:04 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4604", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Noel:2021:CDI, author = "Guillermina No{\"e}l and Daren Pasay and Denise Campbell-Scherer and Lynora Saxinger", title = "Co-designing to Improve Practice in Treating Urinary Tract Infections: a case study of reducing inappropriate antibiotic treatment", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "1", pages = "67--96", month = apr, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i1.4605", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:04 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4605", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bakker:2021:RRI, author = "Wibo Bakker", title = "Railway Rules: Image Content Origins of Wayfinding Pictograms from the 1960s and 1970s", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "2", pages = "5--26", month = aug, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i2.4606", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4606", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Helmke:2021:TWW, author = "Christophe Helmke and Jesper Nielsen", title = "{Teotihuacan} Writing: Where are We Now?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "2", pages = "28--73", month = aug, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i2.4607", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4607", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kazmierczak:2021:FAI, author = "Elzbieta T. Kazmierczak", title = "Factors Affecting Interpretation of Diagnostic Images as a Decision Process: Ecological Psychology, Visual Heuristics, and Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "2", pages = "74--111", month = aug, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i2.4608", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4608", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2021:IMM, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Introduction: The makers and the made", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4678", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4678", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Baron:2021:BJB, author = "Naomi S. Baron", title = "Beyond Judging Books by Their Covers: {``Reflections on Interrogating Cultural Anthropology Text Covers''}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "12--21", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4669", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4669", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bessemans:2021:EBB, author = "Ann Bessemans and Mar{\'\i}a {P{\'e}rez Mena}", title = "Exploring the Boundaries Between Visual Anthropology and Visual Communication Design Research", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4670", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4670", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Dyson:2021:CRG, author = "Mary Dyson", title = "A commentary on: {Reappropriation} of Gendered {Irish} Sign Language in One Family", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "28--35", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4671", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4671", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", remark = "Refers to the article Barbara LeMaster, ``Reappropriation of Gendered Irish Sign Language in One Family'', \booktitle{Visual Anthropology Review}, {\bf 15}(2) 69--83, September 1999, doi:10.1525/var.2000.15.2.69.", } @Article{Golec:2021:EPV, author = "Micheal J. Golec", title = "Empathic Projections: Visual Anthropology Design and Acknowledgement", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "36--49", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4672", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4672", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Griffin:2021:RRB, author = "Dori Griffin", title = "Re reading the {Borderland Imaginary} from 2021", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4673", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4673", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Renner:2021:ECM, author = "Michael Renner", title = "Echoing the Call for Multimodal Representation", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4674", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4674", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Renner:2021:DTV, author = "Michael Renner", title = "Drawing to Tell Versus Drawing to Intrigue?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4676", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4676", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{vanderWaarde:2021:DAV, author = "Karel van der Waarde", title = "Developing Accurate Visual Conventions?", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "55", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2021", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v55i3.4677", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4677", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Overmann:2022:EWC, author = "Karenleigh A. Overmann", title = "Early Writing: a cognitive archaeological perspective on literacy and numeracy", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "1", pages = "8--45", month = "????", year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i1.4934", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4934", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Taffe:2022:BDF, author = "Simone Taffe and Leon Sterling and Sonja Pedell", title = "Brainstorm: Do\slash Be\slash Feel and Motivational Modelling: Applying a New Brainstorming Process in the Design of Brandmarks", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "1", pages = "46--71", month = "????", year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i1.4935", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4935", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2022:SIS, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Symbols: Interaction of Symbols: Multiple Symbols Interact to Provoke Meaning, the Foundation for Better Icon Design", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "1", pages = "72--105", month = "????", year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i1.4936", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:05 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/4936", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Bessemans:2022:ART, author = "Ann Bessemans", title = "Academic Research Into Typographic Design at the Beginning of a New Era", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "2", pages = "84--95", month = aug, year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i2.6057", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:06 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/6057", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Peterson:2022:PFO, author = "Matthew Peterson", title = "Persistent Failure and Occasional Success: The Realities of Evidence-Based Interdisciplinary Scholarship by Design Faculty at Research Universities", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "2", pages = "8--53", month = aug, year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i2.6060", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:06 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/6060", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Schmidt:2022:GDP, author = "Michael Schmidt and Taghrid Asfar and Wasim Maziak", title = "Graphic Design in Public Health Research: a Multiyear Pictorial Health Warning Label Initiative and Recommendation for Sustained Interdisciplinary Collaboration", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "2", pages = "54--83", month = aug, year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i2.6061", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:06 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/6061", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Seward:2022:STC, author = "Rene{\'e} Seward", title = "Studying Typography's Capacity to Improve Reading", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "2", pages = "96--103", month = aug, year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i2.6068", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:06 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/6068", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Thiessen:2022:ETC, author = "Myra Thiessen and Hannah Keage and Indae Hwang and Jack Astley and Sofie Beier", title = "Effect of Typeface Complexity on Automatic Whole-Word Reading Processes", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "3", pages = "8--31", month = dec, year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i3.6393", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:06 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/6393", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kudo:2022:IDP, author = "Mao Kudo", title = "The Inclusive Design of pictograms and easy to understand for people with intellectual disabilities: Focused on graphic elements", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = dec, year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i3.5976", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:06 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/5976", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Tjung:2022:DFL, author = "Caroline Tjung and Simone Taffe and Simon Jackson and Emily Wright", title = "Design Features of Learning Apps for Mobile Gamification: Graphic Designers Use Co-design to Prompt Young Children to Speak", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "3", pages = "32--57", month = dec, year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i3.6394", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:06 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/6394", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Kudo:2022:GDP, author = "Mao Kudo", title = "Graphic Design of Pictograms Focusing on the Comprehension of People with Intellectual Disabilities --- The Next Step in Standardization: Pictogram Design and Evaluation methods", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "56", number = "3", pages = "58--85", month = dec, year = "2022", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v56i3.6395", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:06 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/6395", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Thiessen:2023:IGE, author = "Myra Thiessen and Daphne Flynn and Leah Heiss and Rowan Page and Nyein Aung and Indae Hwang", title = "Introduction: {Guest Editors}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "57", number = "1", pages = "10--13", month = apr, year = "2023", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v57i1.7322", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:07 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/7322", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Thiessen:2023:FPC, author = "Myra Thiessen and Leah Heiss and Troy McGee and Gene Bawden", title = "The Future is Participatory: Collaborative Communication Design for Global Health Initiatives", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "57", number = "1", pages = "14--37", month = apr, year = "2023", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v57i1.7318", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:07 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/7318", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Ellerton:2023:HMO, author = "Wendy Ellerton", title = "The Human and Machine, 2022--23: Open {AI}, {ChatGPT}, {Quillbot}, {Grammarly}, {Google}, {Google Docs} \& humans*", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "57", number = "1", pages = "38--52", month = apr, year = "2023", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v57i1.7319", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:07 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/7319", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Taljaard:2023:SMW, author = "Darren Taljaard and Myra Thiessen", title = "Show Me What You Mean: Inclusive Augmented Typography for Students with Dyslexia", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "57", number = "1", pages = "53--75", month = apr, year = "2023", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v57i1.7320", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:07 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/7320", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{McCarthy:2023:DCP, author = "Steven McCarthy", title = "Dirty Concrete Poetry and White Space: The Visual Texts of {Steve McCaffery} and {Douglas Kearney}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "57", number = "2", pages = "6--35", month = aug, year = "2023", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v57i2.8183", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:07 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8183", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Piovesan:2023:PQT, author = "Andrea Piovesan and Michele Sinico and Luciano Perondi", title = "The Perception of Qualities in Typeface", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "57", number = "2", pages = "36--79", month = aug, year = "2023", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v57i2.8184", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:07 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8184", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Halldorsson:2023:TEE, author = "Halld{\'o}r Bj{\"o}rn Halld{\'o}rsson", title = "The Tacit Exhibition: an Experimental Display of Graphic Design Knowledge", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "57", number = "2", pages = "80--99", month = aug, year = "2023", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v57i2.8185", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:07 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8185", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2023:BTR, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "A Book to Think With: a Review: {{\booktitle{After the Bauhaus, Before the Internet: a History of Graphic Design Pedagogy}}, [edited by Geoff Kaplan, no place press, New York, NY, USA (2022). ISBN 1-949484-09-2, ISBN-13 978-1-949484-09-0]}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "57", number = "2", pages = "100--112", month = aug, year = "2023", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v57i2.8187", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Sep 28 17:25:07 MDT 2023", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8187", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Renckens:2024:ESE, author = "Maarten Renckens", title = "An Exploratory Study Evaluating the Influence of {Taller} Stripe Patterns on Reading Comfort Using Ranking Tests, Reading Tests, {EEG} s, and Eye Tracking", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "58", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "2024", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/w29ewx38", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", bibdate = "Thu May 30 07:16:25 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Sand:2024:STI, author = "Katharina Sand", title = "Snapshots of Text on {Instagram}: Fashion Curator Communication from a Design and Museum Studies Perspective", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "58", number = "1", pages = "??--??", month = apr, year = "2024", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/w29ewx38", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", bibdate = "Thu May 30 07:16:25 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Burrell:2024:CDT, author = "Andrew Burrell and Roger Beard", title = "Children as Designers of Texts: Punctuating Persuasive Writing", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "58", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "2024", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v58i2.8585", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Oct 18 11:36:17 MDT 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8585", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Simpson:2024:IIA, author = "Logan Simpson", title = "From Icons to Identities: Analysing Visual Cultural Elements in Emerging Scripts", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "58", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "2024", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v58i2.8586", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Oct 18 11:36:17 MDT 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8586", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Editors:2024:NEV, author = "The Editors", title = "A New Era: {Visible Language Consortium}", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "58", number = "2", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "2024", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v58i2.8587", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri Oct 18 11:36:17 MDT 2024", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8587", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Pedersen:2024:CIR, author = "Pia Pedersen and Chiron Oderkerk and Sofie Beier", title = "Crowding Impairs Recognition of Framed Icons", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "58", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "2024", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v58i3.8664", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Apr 17 10:54:09 MDT 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8664", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } @Article{Zender:2024:RBJ, author = "Mike Zender", title = "Ruminations on Being a Journal {Editor}: Out with the old. In with the New!", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "58", number = "3", pages = "??--??", month = "????", year = "2024", CODEN = "VSLGAO", DOI = "https://doi.org/10.34314/vl.v58i3.8663", ISSN = "0022-2224", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Thu Apr 17 10:54:09 MDT 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl/article/view/8663", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, ajournal = "Vis. Lang.", fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://journals.uc.edu/index.php/vl", } %%% ==================================================================== %%% [02-May-2025] New journal publishing model from the University of %%% Cincinnati, the University of Leeds, and North Carolina State %%% University. New journal Web site. Archives are linked to, but are %%% not yet on line. DOI assignments in progress but not yet available. @Article{dosSantosLonsdale:2025:EN, author = "Maria {dos Santos Lonsdale}", title = "Editorial --- In with the New!", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "59", number = "1", pages = "v--x", month = "????", year = "2025", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri May 02 09:19:03 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/59-1/in-with-the-new", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/index.php/journal", } @Article{Cross:2025:MDR, author = "Nigel Cross", title = "Making Design Research Visible", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "59", number = "1", pages = "1--4", month = "????", year = "2025", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri May 02 09:19:03 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/59-1/making-design-research-visible", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/index.php/journal", } @Article{Davis:2025:SPP, author = "Meredith Davis", title = "A Shifting Practice Paradigm Meets a Persistent Curriculum Paradigm", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "59", number = "1", pages = "5--22", month = "????", year = "2025", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri May 02 09:19:03 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/59-1/a-shifting-practice-paradigm-meets-a-persistent-curriculum-paradigm", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/index.php/journal", } @Article{Bigelow:2025:DTC, author = "Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes", title = "Digital Type Challenges", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "59", number = "1", pages = "23--54", month = "????", year = "2025", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri May 02 09:19:03 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/font.bib; https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/59-1/digital-type-challenges", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/index.php/journal", } @Article{Dyson:2025:TIJ, author = "Mary C. Dyson", title = "Towards Interdisiplinary: Juggling Similarities and Differences", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "59", number = "1", pages = "55--76", month = "????", year = "2025", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri May 02 09:19:03 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/59-1/towards-interdisciplinary-juggling-similarities-and-differences", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/index.php/journal", } @Article{vanderWaarde:2025:NQE, author = "Karel van der Waarde and Myra Thiessen", title = "Nineteen Questions to Evaluate Typographic Research: Chaff and Wheat", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "59", number = "1", pages = "77--99", month = "????", year = "2025", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri May 02 09:19:03 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/59-1/nineteen-questions-to-evaluate-typographic-research-chaff-and-wheat", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/index.php/journal", } @Article{Poggenpohl:2025:VLE, author = "Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl", title = "{{\booktitle{Visible Language}}} Evolves", journal = j-VISIBLE-LANGUAGE, volume = "59", number = "1", pages = "100--108", month = "????", year = "2025", CODEN = "VSLGAO", ISSN = "0022-2224 (print), 2691-5529 (electronic)", ISSN-L = "0022-2224", bibdate = "Fri May 02 09:19:03 2025", bibsource = "https://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/visible-language.bib", URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/59-1/visible-language-evolves", acknowledgement = ack-nhfb, fjournal = "Visible Language", journal-URL = "https://www.visible-language.org/index.php/journal", }