ZXTape! 0Created with Ramsoft MakeTZXBIOLOGY EExCG ""  0  400 7:0: "" !biology @  @?p|@q""@qϾ>0 @! " 0"((0`qǀ! BA"qǀ`D((B " " D"p" "r/<" `0< ``D"<B (* !@ "" x" ! () @0oAq"!po@@qR(@08"!!p@1pppqppppqpppqpppqpppqpppqpppqpppqppppqpppqppppqpppqppppqpppqppppqp|88|@@@9<  `@DEPQ@@@@EB @DDA@X8y18!# # <@T''8||\\\|\} }|}$}$}!\3f2X![!@P!!88W K SR Pg23561 \,255:23562 \,255:23658j\,0:(60000`)1330 7:7:0:0:0::1;10 ,10 ;"STOP THE TAPE":12 ,8;"THEN PRESS A KEY"; =""3 . 8A7:7::9 ,12 ;1;6;"BLOOD" B 200  4000 :5:5:1: ܅p$(18,32 ):i(18,10 ):i$(18,10 ,32 ):j(18,10 ):n$(6,502):u(6) ߍ"Blood vessels","Exchange of substances via capillaries; lymph","Composition of blood","Blood functions","Blood groups","Next program" 0,12 ;"TOPICS" :2015:n=16:u$:u(n)=u$:n$(n)=u$:n En=16:3*n,2;n;" ";n$(n)(1u(n)):n 220,5;2;"SELECT TOPIC NUMBER"  x$=:x$=""2060  9x$<491ůx$>546.5,0:2060  8x$="6":10 ,10 ;1;"START TAPE":""  x=x$:LIN=18 \z=8810j"+x*200 fz hx=2:5,5;n$(x)(1u(x)):15,11 ;1;"PLEASE WAIT":17,7;"(approx 50 seconds)":2160p k:5,16-(.5*u(x));n$(x)(1u(x)):15,11 ;1;"PLEASE WAIT":17,7;"(approx 50 seconds)" pl=1lin:p$(l):l l=1lin s=1:w=1 n=132 w=10 2280 n32 2230 p$(l)(nn)<65Aůp$(l)(nn)>122zi$(l,w)=p$(l)(sn-1):i(l,w)=n-s:j(l,w)=s:w=w+1:s=n+1:2250 p$(l)(nn)65AƯp$(l)(nn)122zi$(l,w)=p$(l)(sn):i(l,w)=n-s+1:j(l,w)=s:w=w+1:s=n+1:2250 |p$(l)(nn)>123{ůp$(l)(nn)<64@i$(l,w)=p$(l)(sn):i(l,w)=n-s:j(l,w)=s:w=w+1:s=n+1:2250 op$(l)(sn)+" "=p$(l)(sn+1)i$(l,w)=p$(l)(sn):i(l,w)=n-s+1:j(l,w)=s:w=w+1:s=n+1 p$(l)(nn)=" "w=w-1 n=32 2280 n ow=110 :i$(l,w)(i(l,w)i(l,w))64@ůi$(l,w)(i(l,w)i(l,w))123{i(l,w)=i(l,w)-1 w l s6:6:1::5,0;"SELECT PREDICT RATE (1 to 5)":8,5;"1 is the hardest" x$=:x$=""2286 9x$<491ůx$>535.5,0:2286 pr=x$ 7:7: %l=1lin:s=1:w=1 n=132 m=(*10)+1:.05,3*(m-1) Op$(l)(nn)>64@Ưp$(l)(nn)<123{l-1,n-1;2;"-" Vp$(l)(nn)64@ůp$(l)(nn)123{l-1,n-1;0;p$(l)(nn) $n:l &pr=12350. (k=(*5)+1 *tl=1lin:w=110 :(k+l+w)/prɺ((k+l+w)/pr)l-1,j(l,w)-1;pr;i$(l,w)(1i(l,w)) ,w:l .Y18,0;"Enter word or x":20,0;"Enter x when passage completed" 85000:t$=w$ =t$=""23608 BPt$="x"t$="X"l=1lin:l-1,0;0;p$(l):l:2400` GQ18,0;" ":18,0;1;"Searching for" L 3000 `+21,10 ;2;"PRESS A KEY" jx$=:x$=""2410j t|7::5,0;1;"To repeat topic - press r":10 ,0;2;"To return to menu - press m" x$=:x$=""2440 x$="r"x$="R"2285 x$="m"x$="M"2010 .05|L,0:2440 fl=1lin:w=110 :t$=i$(l,w)(1i(l,w))l-1,j(l,w)-1;0;t$ w:l ̄.05|L,10 :18,0;" ":18,0;1;"Enter word or x":23608  0 7:7::2,0;0;"Complete each of the following four passages by typing in appropriate words to match the dashes." 9 ,0;2;"Words may be typed in any order.Pressing the 'ENTER' key will enter your word into every spacein which it belongs but you mustuse capital letters in the rightplaces." 818,3;1;"Press any key to continue" x$=:x$=""4030   procinput 5w$="":18,16;6;" " e$=:e$=""5020 ge$=12 Ʊw$>018,w$+16;6;" ":w$=w$(1̱w$-1):5075 e$=13 5080 Ew$14w$=w$+e$:18,w$+16;6;0;e$ #v=110 :v:5020  #(1 #2!"Arteries take blood away from" #<$"the heart; veins return it. The" #F#"thick muscular wall of arteries" #P"can withstand blood at high" #Z "pressure. Veins have a thin" #d#"muscle layer and carry blood at" #n"low pressure. The pulse in" #x$"arteries is maintained by recoil" # "of the elastic layer. Blood" #""flows smoothly in veins, which" #""have no elastic layer. Pocket" #""valves in veins maintain blood" #""flow. All arteries except the" #$"pulmonary carry oxygenated blood" #"and all veins except the" # "pulmonary carry deoxygenated" #""blood. Capillaries join veins" # "and arteries in the tissues." #2 ##"Oxygen, glucose, fats and amino" $"acids diffuse from a high" $$"concentration in the capillaries" $!"to a low concentration in the" $"$"surrounding tissue fluid. These" $,""substances are used for growth" $6$"and respiration. Carbon dioxide" $@$"diffuses from the cells into the" $J#"capillaries. Antigens and some" $T""carbon dioxide drain into tiny" $^!"lymph capillaries. From here" $h$"they are directed by valves to a" $r""lymph gland, where lymphocytes" $|"are produced. Lymphocytes" $%"destroy antigens. They flow out" $!"of the gland in lymph and are" $$"carried into the blood stream by" $"larger lymph vessels." $3 $""Blood is 55% liquid plasma and" $#"45% cells (corpuscles). Plasma" $#"is 90% water; 10% solutes. 70%" $""of solutes are blood proteins." $"30% includes glucose,fats," $ "amino acids, urea, salts and" $!"hormones. Red cells are most" %$"numerous-5 million per cubic mm." %#"White cells vary from 6000-8000" %#"per cubic mm. Platelets number" %&$"about 250 000 per cubic mm. Red" %0""cells are biconcave discs with" %:$"no nuclei. White cells are over" %D#"twice the size of red, amoeboid" %N "and have nuclei. 75% have a" %X""lobed nucleus (polymorphs) and" %b "25% have a spherical nucleus" %l"(lymphocytes)." %4 %#"Transport and defence are blood" %""functions. Oxygen, carried as" %""oxyhaemoglobin to the tissues," %#"is used in respiration. Carbon" %#"dioxide, carried as bicarbonate" %!"in plasma, is excreted by the" %$"lungs. Digested food is carried" %!"from the gut to the liver for" %""assimilation. Urea is carried" %!"from the liver to the kidneys" %"for excretion. Antibodies," %"antitoxins and phagocytes" & "destroy antigens and toxins." & ""Fibrinogen and thrombin,in the" &$"presence of enzymes and calcium," & $"enable blood to clot, preventing" &*!"entry of disease organisms or" &4"excessive blood loss." &H5 &R$"ABO blood groups are named after" &\$"the antigens (foreign bodies) on" &f!"the surfaces of the red blood" &p#"cells. Group A has A antigens," &z#"B has B, AB has both A and B, O" &"has none. Agglutination of" &#"incompatible blood from a donor" &#"is caused by plasma antibodies." &$"Group A has anti-B, B has anti-A" &$"and AB has no antibodies. O has" &$"both anti-A and anti-B. Donated" &#"group A is destroyed by B and O" &$"blood; group B by A and O blood;" &!"group AB by all other groups." &""Group O, with no antigens, can" & "be given to all groups. AB," &#"with no antibodies, can receive" &"blood from any ABO group." ' 0 'Vstkend=23653e\+256*23654f\:"blood"23552\,stkend-23500[: tken}9999' blood Zkk3\3flX![!@P!!88W K SR Pg23561 \,255:23562 \,255:23658j\,0:(60000`)1330 7:7:0:0:0::1;10 ,10 ;"STOP THE TAPE":12 ,8;"THEN PRESS A KEY"; =""3 dv$(7,19):v(7):n$(6,19):n(6):l(6):u$(7,19):u(7):s$(17):s$=" " n#x=07:t:"a"+x,t:x sM0,129,195,231,255,126~,60<,24 x#x=07:t:"s"+x,t:x }M24,60<,126~,255,231,195,129,0 #x=07:t:"d"+x,t:x K120x,60<,30,15,15,30,60<,120x #x=07:t:"f"+x,t:x M30,60<,120x,240,240,120x,60<,30 2000 5:6: t=15:y=021:y,0;5;s$:y:(980+20*t):770:(990+20*t):2:850R:800 :2:200:0:6:(990+20*t):850R:800  t t=617:y=021:y,0;5;s$:y:770:(990+20*t):2:850R:2:200:0:(990+20*t):850R:t vy=021:y,0;5;s$:y:y=0:q$="What five vessels carry oxygenated blood ?":650 8c=15:n$(c)=" ":c:bl=1:920 xy=021:y,0;5;s$:y:y=0:q$="What five vessels carry deoxygenated blood ?":650 8c=15:n$(c)=" ":c:bl=2:920 /y=021:y,0;5;s$:y 10 ,3;2;"TO RUN AGAIN":12 ,5;2;"PRESS 'R'":14,5;1;"TO ESCAPE":15,5;1;"PRESS 'E'" x$= x$="R"x$="r"400  x$="E"x$="e"0 $ 542 % 0 & procanswer 0q$=a$:y=15:q=q$ :?x=1q:a$(xx)65AƯa$(xx)90Zq$(xx)="*" ?x D 650 Ny=15:z=-1 Sg=1̱a$:z=z+1 X(a$(gg)<65Aůa$(gg)>90Zg ]k=12 bx$=:x$=""610b fa$16620l gzmaxy=y+1:z=0 lKx$=a$(gg)ůx$=a$(gg)+32 .1}L,40(:k=2:635{ v.1}L,0:k {y,z;a$(gg) s=110 :s:g   procdisplay 5:0 q=q$ q16y,0;q$: x=161-1 Zq$(xx)=" "y,0;q$(1x):y=y+1:max=x:q$=q$(x+1q):x=1 x  670  endproc procquestion  (q$,a$:y=3:650:550&   procname *h,v 4 v,h;a$ > R procdraw \x,y,z fz=0910 pz=1x,y zz=2x,y  860\   procblood c=1:h=0 o$,l(c):v$(c)=o$:v(c)=o$ $v$(c)(1v(c))="R"930  c=c+1  924 1a=17:8,0;"Answer ";a Ry=9 21:y,0;5;s$:y:21,17;6;" "  975 a<2942 Lb=1a-1:u$(b)(1u(b))u$(a)(1u(a))b:936  938  942  966  952 Tc=15:u$(a)(1u(a))=v$(c)(1v(c))n$(c)=v$(c):n(c)=v(c) u$(a)(1u(a))=v$(c)(1v(c))12 ,0;"CORRECT":.1}L,40(:h=h+1:l(c):c=5:950 c <12 ,0;"INCORRECT":.1}L,0:952 a=1960 !h=5bl=1534 !h=5bl=2538 2:150:a Oy=021:y,0;5;s$:y:0,0;"Others are:" y=5:a=15 Rn$(a)(11)=" "q$=v$(a)(1v(a)):650:l(a):y=y+2 a 2:200 bl=1534  538 =12 ,0;1;"ALREADY USED":.1}L,0   endproc  procinput a$="" e$=:e$=""980 0e$97aƯe$122ze$=(e$-32 ) 5(e$=13 ůe$=12 )Ʊa$<19a$=a$+e$ \e$=12 Ʊa$>021,a$-1;" ":a$=a$(1̱a$-1):989 -e$=13 u$(a)=a$:u(a)=a$:990 (a$1921,a$-1;e$ "s=110 :s:980  0"In what organs is blood oxygenated ?","LUNGS" 168,168,1,0,4,2,568,0,2,0,-4,2,168,160,1,0,-4,2,568,0,2,0,4,2,0,0,0,22,1 4"Which is the largest organ in the body ?","LIVER" )168,80P,1,0,4,2,568,0,2,0,-4,2,168,72H,1,0,-4,2,24,0,2,200,68D,1,24,0,2,0,4,2,0,0,0,22,12 J"Glucose and amino acids diffuse into the blood from this organ","ILEUM" 200,524,1,24,0,2,0,-4,2,224,40(,1,0,-4,2,-568,0,2,0,16,2,24,0,2,0,0,0,22,16 $-"Which organs purify the blood ?","KIDNEYS" .168,16,1,0,4,2,568,0,2,0,-4,2,168,8,1,0,-4,2,568,0,2,0,4,2,0,0,0,21,20 8*"Which organ is a double pump ?","HEART" B168,128,1,0,4,2,8,0,2,184,132,1,40(,0,2,0,-4,2,168,120x,1,0,-20,2,568,0,2,0,4,2,224,112p,1,0,8,2,196,132,1,0,-32 ,2,0,0,0,22,10 LO"Which vessels carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium ?","PULMONARY VEINS" V224,168,1,24,0,2,0,-480,2,-24,0,2,224,160,1,16,0,2,0,-32 ,2,-16,0,2,0,0,0 `C"Which vessel distributes oxygenated blood to the body ?","AORTA" j8224,112p,1,24,0,2,0,-104h,2,-8,0,2,240,16,1,0,24,2,240,480,1,0,24,2,240,80P,1,0,24,2,-16,0,2,0,0,0 tL"Name the vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the liver","HEPATIC ARTERY" ~224,80P,1,16,0,2,224,72H,1,16,0,2,0,0,0 O"Name the vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the ileum","MESENTERIC ARTERY" 224,480,1,16,0,2,224,40(,1,16,0,2,0,0,0 L"Name the vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the kidneys","RENAL ARTERY" 224,16,1,16,0,2,224,8,1,16,0,2,0,0,0 O"Name the vessel collecting deoxygenated blood from the kidneys","RENAL VEIN" 152,16,1,16,0,2,152,8,1,16,0,2,0,0,0 _"Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the ileum to the liver ?","HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN" ΁192,524,1,0,16,2,200,524,1,0,16,2,0,0,0 O"Name the vessel collecting deoxygenated blood from the liver","HEPATIC VEIN" 152,80P,1,16,0,2,152,72H,1,16,0,2,0,0,0 \"Which vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium ?","VENAE CAVAE" 152,8,1,-8,0,2,0,120x,2,24,0,2,152,16,1,0,568,2,152,80P,1,0,40(,2,16,0,2,0,0,0 f"Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs ?","PULMONARY ARTERY"  176,108l,1,0,36$,2,-32 ,0,2,0,24,2,24,0,2,184,108l,1,0,44,,2,-32 ,0,2,0,8,2,16,0,2,0,0,0 B"What prevents backflow of blood to the atria ?","CUSPID VALVES" Q168,116t,1,2,0,2,5,-4,2,196,116t,1,-6,0,2,-5,-4,2,196,116t,1,6,0,2,5,-4,2,224,116t,1,-6,0,2,-5,-4,2,0,0,0 (K"What prevents backflow of blood to the ventricles ?","SEMI-LUNAR VALVES" 2176,114r,1,3,3,2,184,114r,1,-3,3,2,228,112p,1,4,-2,2,228,104h,1,4,2,2,0,0,0 <"PULMONARY VEINS",1400x,"AORTA",1410,"HEPATIC ARTERY",1420,"MESENTERIC ARTERY",1430,"RENAL ARTERY",1440,"R",0 F"RENAL VEIN",1500,"HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN",1510,"HEPATIC VEIN",1520,"VENAE CAVAE",1530,"PULMONARY ARTERY",1540,"R",0 x2:7:j=2829:1,j;"":j:j=15:j,30;"":j:j=3028-1:6,j;"":j:0:5 } t2:7:j=2829:8,j;"":j:j=819:j,30;"":j:0:5  V2:7:j=2928-1:12 ,j;"":j:0:5  V2:7:j=2928-1:16,j;"":j:0:5  V2:7:j=3028-1:20,j;"":j:0:5  V1:7:j=2018-1:20,j;"":j:0:5  V1:7:j=1513 -1:j,24;"":j:0:5  V1:7:j=2018-1:12 ,j;"":j:0:5  }1:7:j=207-1:j,18;"":j:j=1820:6,j;"":j:0:5  1:7:j=74-1:j,22;"":j:j=2219-1:3,j;"":j:j=32-1:j,18;"":j:j=1820:1,j;"":j:0:5   G6:6::10 ,9 ;1;1;"CIRCULATION" 2:150 7:7::0,0;2;"The computer will ask a number of questions about mammalian organs and blood vessels by which blood is transported" 5,0;1;"You are required to type in answers to these. Answers will be displayed in upper case letters but may be entered in either upper or lower case" 11 ,0;0;"You are allowed two wrong attempts at each letter, after which the computer will come to your assistance" 16,0;1;"When the correct answer has beenentered or revealed, the relevant part of the circulationdiagram will be drawn on screen"  921,7;2;1;"PRESS 'ENTER' KEY" i=120:i  x$=:x$13 2070   *1,0;0;"Finally you will be asked to identify which of the blood vessels carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood" 47,0;2;"The computer will only accept certain answers so read each question carefully and recognisewhether an answer should be singular or plural" 9i=120:i >B15,1;1;1;"PRESS 'ENTER' KEY TO START" H x$=:x$13 2120H R ' 0 'Ustkend=23653e\+256*23654f\:"circ"23552\,stkend-23500[: tkenO9999' circ 3\ \34@