ZXTape! 0Created with Ramsoft MakeTZXTESTER q q~.q e:7:7::2:10 ,0;"Press ";:"STOP";:" on your tape recorder" X1:0,0;"Biology Tester":0:2,0;" Collins 1985"  3750  9000(#  9800H& ( 3750 2 3000 < 9500% A e=1c F 1000 P 3600 Z 3700t _ 3750 d ne x 1300 3750 502  f$=w$(e) b=f$ $f$(b)" "f$=f$(b):1050  b=b-1  1020 511 ,0;" " 11 ,8;" "; ! 1 $x=1̱f$ .""; 8x = 0 B3,0;c$(e) G 0,0;"Question ";e L 618,0;" " 619,0;" "   )score=((correct/c)*100d+.5) (0,0;1;z$ 2f2,0;"In this test you got ";2;score;"% ";0;"of":"the questions correct." < F 1400x P U Z2:m$:0 d xscore90 Z"This is excellent! If you want to study this topic further and revise other aspectsof it you will find these programs helpful:":1490 sscore75K"This is a good score! Looking at these programs will help your revision-":1490 score502"You need to do a bit more revision!Try working through thefollowing programs and then testyourself again:":1490 score25"You need to revise this topic more thoroughly! Use the following programs to help you revise the topic again:":1490 m"You do not fully understand this topic. The following programs will help you to learn about it:"  < 1 A11 ,9 ;f$(1) Z "Biology Gridword","Plant structure","Transport in plants","Photosynthesis","Food and teeth","Digestion","Blood and circulation","Breathing","Excretion" "Human sexual reproduction","Nerves and senses","Flowers, fruits and seeds","Ecology","Genetics and evolution","Finish using the program","*" 7:0  7 3000 n=0 z$ z$="*"3100 n=n+1  3075  n=n-1 !#n>9 sp=1:3110& " sp=0 & 3000 + 1 .z$ 01,3;z$ 6 n=1 7 m=1 8z$ :z$="*"3200 D 4 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X 0 b(3+n),4;z$ l%sp=1n=n+1:3190v q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 2 &21,2;"Press a letter "; l$="":l$= 0 v=(l$) $v=78Nv=110n9700% v=42*9700% )v>64@v<(64@+m)3300 : *v>96`v<(96`+m)3300 : 3210 q=0  r=(*8) v=65Av=97ad=0:z$="Plant structure":m$="Diagram1 : Leaf section Flower structure Question1 : Photosynthesis Game1 : Photosynthesis" v=66Bv=98bd=20:z$="Transport in plants":m$="Question1 : The plant & water Game2 : Water relations" v=67Cv=99cd=40(:z$="Photosynthesis":m$="Diagram1 : Leaf section Question1 : Photosynthesis Game1 : Photosynthesis" v=68Dv=100dd=60<:z$="Food and teeth":m$="Diagram2 : Food tests Diagram3 : Digestive system Question2 : Food & feeding Game2 : Food & feeding" v=69Ev=101ed=80P:z$="Digestion":m$="Diagram1 : Digestive enzymes Diagram2 : Food tests Diagram3 : Digestive system Question2 : Food & feeding Game2 : Food & feeding" v=70Fv=102fd=100d:z$="Blood and circulation":m$="Diagram2 : Circulatory system Diagram3 : Mammalian heart Question1 : Transport in animals" Sv=71Gv=103gd=120x:z$="Breathing":m$="Question1 : Respiration" vv=72Hv=104hd=140:z$="Excretion":m$="Diagram1 : Kidney tubule Diagram2 : Nitrogen cycle" fv=73Iv=105id=160:z$="Human sexual reproduction":m$="Question2 : Reproduction" v=74Jv=106jd=180:z$="Nerves and senses":m$="Diagram1 : The eye Diagram3 : The ear The reflex arc Question2 : Sensitivity" v=75Kv=107kd=200:z$="Flowers, fruits and seeds":m$="Diagram1 : Flower structure Question2 : Reproduction" v=76Lv=108ld=220:z$="Ecology":m$="Diagram2 : Food webs Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Game2 : Ecology" }v=77Mv=109md=260:z$="Genetics and Evolution":m$="Question2 : Genetics Game1 : Genetics" d=4000+d $ t=13  7 o0:14,5;"Type in the answer and":15,10 ;"press ENTER":.03{u\,45- J21,0;" ":21,0; A$  'a$="".03{u\,45-:3615 !a$(1)="*"9700% "b=a$ #+b=0.03{u\,45-:3615 $"a$(b)" "a$=a$(b):3623' % b=b-1 & 3619# 'N14,5;" ":15,10 ;" " )A$=f$4:18,0;" Well done ":3900<:3960x:t=3:0 *a$f$3950n -t=12:18,2;"No, that's not right.Try again The first letter is ";:0:f$(1):40(:2620< .Zt=21200:18,2;"Look up this GEM reference for help : ";R$(e) 8 502 =t B t 1 ~11 ,9 ;f$  1200 X14,0;" ":15,10 ;" "  N0:.03{u\,40(:20,6;"Press SPACE to carry on" l$= (l$)=42*9700% (l$)32 3755 -20,6;" "  <'w=125:0.03{u\,w:w: n1w=1-25-1:0.03{u\,w:w: x$t=1correct=correct+1  J"mesophyll","The two layers of cells found inside the leaf (9)","leaf" ?"epidermis","The outer layer of cells in the leaf (9)","leaf" X"chloroplasts","Plant cells must have these in order to photosynthesise (12)","cells" T"stomata","Openings which control the entryof carbon dioxide into the leaf","leaf" S"palisade","Mesophyll cells which contain large numbers of chloroplasts","leaf" C"meristem" ,"Local site of active cell division (8)","root" T"vascular","These bundles are strands of longitudinal conducting tissue","leaf" Q"phloem","Conducting tissue which carries organic materials in the root","root" ;"leaf","The organ of photosynthesis (4)","photosynthesis" Q"cortex","Layer of cells between the epidermis and vascular tissue","stem" N"xylem","Conducting tissue which carries water and mineral salts (5)","root" ?"sieve","These tubes are found in the phloem (5)","phloem" Q"cuticle","Outermost layer on some leaves which reduces water loss (7)","leaf" L"water","Liquid carried mainly in the xylem (5)","transpiration stream" E"guard","Cells which regulate the openingof the stomata (5)","leaf"  "*","*","*" Plant transport data Z"transpiration","The evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant (13)","stoma(ta)" ["respiration","A reaction which provides the energy for active transport (11)","energy" d"potometer","A ......... is used to measure the water uptake of a shoot (9)","transpiration rate" V"active","Minerals are taken into the rootby means of ...... uptake (6)","diffusion" ]"evaporation","How water is lost from the spongy mesophyll cells (11)","transpiration" ]"translocation","The movement of materials in a plant is called .............(13","phloem" ["stomata","Openings in the leaf which control the loss of water (7)","transpiration" T"osmosis","How water passes from the root hair to the xylem (7)","semi-permeable" P"phloem","Cells which transport sugars andamino acids in the plant (6)","stem" V"turgor","State of a plant cell containingthe maximum amount of water (6)","wilting" H"root","The part of the plant that takesin water (4)","primary growth" W"mesophyll","The palisade ......... cells produce sugars by photosynthesis","leaf" O"guard","Cells which regulate the size of the stomatal openings (5)","leaf" V"lenticel","An opening in bark which allows gas exchange (8)","gas exchange(plants)" O"hair","root .... cells increase the area for water absorption (4)","root" P"spongy","Mesophyll cells which lose waterinto the leaf air spaces (6)","leaf" b"humidity","An environmental factor which reduces transpiration rate (8)","transpiration rate" Z"diffusion","Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration (9)","osmosis" S"cobalt","...... chloride is a chemical that detects water (6)","transpiration"  "*","*","*" `"chlorophyll","The chemical which traps light energy in the chloroplasts (11)","Chloroplasts" _"compensation","The point where photosynthesis equals the rate of respiration","Respiration" g"respiration","a reaction which releases the energy trapped by photosynthesis","Compensation point" O"chloroplast","The site of photosynthesis in the leaf (9)","photosynthesis" `"magnesium","An absence of this element causes chlorosis (yellow leaves)","mineral salts" W"sucrose","Carbohydrate is translocated in the phloem as ....... (7)","Translocation" O"stomata","Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through these openings (7)","leaf" ["oxygen","This gas is produced as a by product of photosynthesis (6)","photosynthesis" ]"phloem","Organic compounds made in the leaf are transported in this (6)","translocation" J"light","Photosynthesis can only occur inthe ..... (5)","Photosynthesis" U"dioxide","Carbon ....... is a gas needed for photosynthesis (7)","photosynthesis" ]"limiting","A ........ factor is one which stops a reaction going faster(8)","environment" U"water","This liquid is transported up tothe leaf in the xylem (5)","translocation" T"starch","A complex carbohydrate produced in photosynthesis (6)","polysaccharides" ^"glucose","A simple sugar produced in the leaf during photosynthesis (7)","monosaccharides"  "*","*","*" ^"carnivore","An animal that feeds on flesh and has large canine teeth (9)","Heterotrophic" Y"carbohydrate","Contains the elements C,H and O.Used for energy (12)","polysaccharides" _"cellulose","A carbohydrate found in plant cell walls. Important as fibre.","carbohydrates" \"carnassial","Large premolar tooth found in carnivores. They cut flesh (10)","carnivore" ]"roughage","Fibre - undigestible plant material rich in cellulose (8)","Balanced diet" M"canine","Long pointed tooth for piercing and holding food (6)","carnivore" S"enamel","A layer of calcium salts which cover the crown of a tooth (6)","teeth" N"dentine","Living layer in the tooth. It isvery similar to bone (7)","teeth" R"iodine","This chemical turns blue-black if starch is present (6)","food tests" ^"vitamins","Essential chemicals needed by the body to prevent disease (8)","Balanced diet" ? "incisor","small front tooth used to cut food (7)","teeth" S"protein","A food class which is used for growth and repair (7)","Balanced diet" ]"glucose","A sugar that turns hot Benedicts(or Fehlings) solution red (7)","monosaccharide" R"amino","These acids are sub-units of thelarger protein molecules (5)","protein" <"pulp","Soft tissue in the centre of thetooth (4)","teeth" >"fat","Used to give energy or stored inthe body (3)","lipid" O"energy","Released during the respiration of carbohydrates (6)","respiration" W"balanced","A ........ diet has the correct amount of energy and nutrients","Page 25"  "*","*","*" ["carbohydrate","Sugars and starches are examplesof this food class (12)","polysaccharide" h"peristalsis","A wave of contraction which forces food through the gut (12)","Antagonistic muscle" U"intestine","The part of the body where digestion takes place (9)","digestion" D"stomach","An acidic part of the digestive system (7)","digestion" Z"duodenum","This part of the small intestineis found just after the stomach","digestion" T"protease","An enzyme which breaks down protein to amino acids (8)","Page 161" Y"pancreas","An organ which produces digestive enzymes AND hormones","digestion" X"lipase","An enzyme which breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol (6)","Page 115" X"liver","Digested food is carried in the blood to this organ (5)","circulatory system" L"bile","A green liquid from the liver which emulsifies fats (4)","liver" Y"appendix","Part of the digestive system that is not used by humans (8)","digestion" ["sphincter","Muscle rings which control entryto and exit from the stomach (9)","stomach" L"glucose","The end product of carbohydrate digestion (7)","monosaccharide" V"lacteal","Part of the lymphatic system in the villus. It collects fats (7)","ileum" H"amylase","An enzyme which attacks carbohydrates (6)","saliva" P"glycogen","Excess glucose is converted to ........ in the liver (8)","liver"  "*","*","*" b"haemoglobin","The chemical in the red blood cell which combines with oxygen","Red blood cell" X"pulmonary","Blood vessels which connect the heart and lungs (9)","circulatory system" T"capillary","A blood vessel which connects anartery to a vein (9)","blood vessels" W"lymphatic","Tissue fluid may return to circulation through this system","lymph" S"platelets","Non-cellular parts of the blood - important in clotting (9)","blood"  X"ventricles","The chambers of the heart which pump blood around the body (10)","heart"  Z"oxygen","The red blood cells pick up thisgas in the lung capillaries (6)","erythrocyte"  1"plasma","The liquid part of blood (6)","blood"  ]"arteries","These blood vessels always carry blood FROM the heart (6)","blood vessels"  ="venule","A small vein joining a capillary","blood vessels" <"red","Blood cells which transport oxygen (3)","blood" ?"white","Blood cells which help prevent disease (5)","blood" Y"antibody","A chemical made by a white bloodcell which attacks bacteria (8)","antigens" Q"fibrin","Fibrous protein which forms the clot at a wound (6)","blood clotting" V"valves","Structures found in veins which prevent blood flowing back (6)","vein (2)" >"atrium","The collecting chamber of the heart (6)","heart" F"aorta","Major artery which takes blood from the heart (5)","heart"  "*","*","*" \"intercostal","Muscles which move the ribs up and down during breathing (11)","breathing" O"ventilation","The movement of air into and outof the lungs (11)","breathing" ]"epiglottis","A flap of cartilage which closesthe trachea when swallowing (10)","breathing" F"bronchiole","Small air passage that ends in air sacs (10)","lungs" V"diaphragm","A sheet of muscle that separatesthe thorax and abdomen (9)","breathing" J"alveolus","A small air sac found at the endof a bronchiole (8)","lungs" X"pulmonary","Blood vessels which connect the lungs and heart (9)","circulatory system" V"cartilage","The trachea and bronchi have rings of ......... around them","lungs"  R"diffusion","Air reaches the alveolus by the process of ......... (9)","osmosis" !B"bronchus","A tube which branches off the trachea (8)","lungs" "N"limewater","A chemical that turns milky if CO is present (9)","breathing" #V"pleural","A smooth membrane which lines the outside of the lungs (7)","breathing" $&"trachea","The windpipe (7)","lungs" %C"larynx","Part of the trachea that makes sounds (6)","breathing" &C"oxygen","This gas is removed from inhaledair (6)","gas exchange" 'X"relaxes","When the diaphragm ....... air is forced OUT of the lungs (7)","breathing" (W"thorax","The upper part of the body whichcontains the heart and lungs (6)","abdomen" ) "*","*","*" ,]"osmoregulation","The method by which animals keeptheir water level constant (14)","kidney" -\"reabsorption","A process which reclaims glucoseamino acids and water from urine","kidney" .Y"homeostasis","The maintenance of constant conditions inside an organism","page 98" /X"glomerulus","A coiled capillary surrounded byBowman's capsule in the kidney","kidney" 0X"filtration","The process in which small molecules leave the glomerulus","kidney" 1T"urethra","A tube which carries urine FROM the bladder (7)","fertilization in man" 2U"ureter","A tube which carries urine TO the bladder FROM the kidney (6)","kidney" 3O"kidney","An excretory organ that removes urea from the blood(6)","excretion" 4T"medulla","The lighter inner layer of the kidney containing the tubules","kidney" 5W"urine","A solution of urea and salts in water produced by the kidney (5)","page 204" 6\"renal","Blood vessels which take blood TO and FROM the kidneys (5)","circulatory system" 7U"cortex","The dark outer layer of the kidney which contains glomeruli","kidney" 8S"sweat","A liquid, containing urea and salts, which also cools the body","skin" 9I"urea","Main nitrogen-containing waste product of mammals (4)","urine" :O"water","A liquid reabsorbed in the kidney tubules (5)","osmoregulation" ;O"bladder","The ureter drains urine from thekidney into this organ (7)","urea"  "*","*","*" @\"fertilization","The joining of two gametes to form a zygote (13)","sexual reproduction" AY"testosterone","A hormone which causes the male sexual characteristics (12)","hormones" BR"ovulation","The release of an egg from the surface of an ovary (9)","page 144" C["menstrual","A cycle lasting about 28 days when the womb lining changes (9)","page 121" DY"oestrogen","Hormone secreted by the ovary which thickens the uterus wall","hormones" ET"placenta","An organ which allows passage offood and oxygen to the foetus","birth" Fb"urethra","The tube which carries sperm to the outside through the penis","fertilization in man" GX"follicle","A fluid filled sac that containsthe ovum inside the ovary (8)","ovulation" H@"gamete","A male or female sex cell (6)","sexual reproduction" IZ"zygote","This is produced when 2 gametes join during fertilization (6)","fertilization" J`"oviduct","A tube which carries ova to the uterus from the ovaries (7)","fertilization in man" KX"uterus","The organ which receives the ovafrom the oviduct (6)","fertilization in man" LV"foetus","The fertilized egg develops intoa ...... inside the uterus (6)","placenta" MQ"testis","The male sex organ that producesthe sperm (6)","fertilization in man" N5"sperm","The male gamete (5)","sexual reproduction" O6"ovum","The female gamete (5)","sexual reproduction" P "*","*","*" T\"accommodation","The way the lens alters its shape to change its focus (13)","page 13" UW"semicircular","These canals in the inner ear help the body to keep balanced","ear" VF"suspensory","Ligaments which support the lensin the eye (10)","eye" WT"eustachian","A tube connecting the middle earto the rear of the mouth (10)","ear" XA"sclerotic","The external protective layer ofthe eye (9)","eye" Y\"receptors","Specialised cells that detect changes in the environment (9)","sensitivity" ZZ"stimulus","A change in the environment which causes a response (8)","reflex action" [O"stirrup","The hammer,anvil and ....... arebones of the middle ear (7)","ear" \V"dendrite","Fibre that carries nerve impulseTOWARDS the neurone cell body","neurone" ]X"sensory","A neurone that carries impulses from receptors TO the CNS (7)","reflex arc" ^."neurone","A nerve cell (7)","reflex action" _M"round","This window allows for fluids tomove inside the cochlea (5)","ear" `O"cochlea","A fluid filled canal that detects sound waves (7)","page 46" aR"choroid","A black pigmented layer in the eye which supplies blood to it","eye" bO"ciliary","The muscle that causes accommodation (7)","accommodation" cA"cornea","Transparent part of the front of the eye (6)","eye" dN"fovea","The yellow spot - part of the retina with acute vision (5)","eye" eR"retina","A light sensitive tissue that lines the inside of the eye (6)","rod" fX"axon","Fibre that carries nerve impulseAWAY from neurone cell body (4)","nerve cells" g "*","*","*" hD"receptacle","The expanded end of a flower stalk (10)","flower" ic"pollination","The transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma (11)","fertilization-plants" jT"cotyledon","The swollen seed leaves that provide food for the seed (9)","seed" kU"micropyle","A small hole in the testa which allows water to enter the seed","seed" lZ "dispersal","A method of reducing competitionin growing seedlings (9)","Fruit and seed" m\"succulent","These fruits are eaten by birds and animals which disperse seeds","dispersal" nB"filament","The stalk which supports the anther (8)","stamen" oV"nectary","A swelling at the base of the flower that produces nectar (7)","flower" pP"plumule","The part of the seed that develops into the shoot (7)","seed" qV"radicle","The part of the seed that develops into the root (7)","germination" rR"petals","The brightly coloured parts of aflower that attracts insects","flower" sP"sepals","The parts of the flower which protect it when in bud (6)","flower" tO"stigma","A sticky part of the flower which collects pollen (5)","flower" uZ"style","The part of the flower that supports the stigma (4)","fertilization-plants" vE"stamens","The male reproductive organs of the flower (7)","flower" wI"anther","The part of the stamen that produces pollen (6)","stamen" x "*","*","*" |`"denitrifying","Bacteria which reduce the amountof nitrates in the soil (12)","nitrogen cycle" }M"carnivore","Animals which feed on primary consumers (9)","heterotrophic" ~^"leguminous","Nitrogen-fixing bacteria grow inroot nodules in these plants","nitrogen cycle" ["producer","An organism that can manufacturefood from simple chemicals (8)","food chains" ^"saprophyte","Organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter eg leaf litter","carbon cycle" ^"decomposers","Organisms which break down dead remains and recycle nutrients","carbon cycle" \"symbiosis","A close association between two organisms which benefits BOTH","commensalism" Y"parasitism","A close association between two organisms which benefits ONE","symbiosis" `"nitrifying","Bacteria which increase the amounts of nitrate in the soil","nitrogen cycle" 0"loam","The best agricultural soil (4)","soil" M"herbivore","Animals which feed on primary producers (9)","heterotrophic" 7"alkaline","Chalky soils have an ........ pH(8)","pH" G"consumer","An organism that cannot make itsown food (8)","food webs" Q"erosion","The removal of soil particles bywind and water (7)","soil depletion" C"habitat","The place where an organism lives (7)","community"  "*","*","*" \"monohybrid","The inheritance of one pair of contrasting characteristics (10)","dominant" I"chromosomes","The hereditary material in a cell nucleus (11)","DNA" b"variation","Differences in characteristics between members of one species","natural selection" ["mutation","Spontaneous change in DNA structure in the chromosomes (8)","variation" Q"selection","The cause of evolution accordingto Charles Darwin (9)","evolution" U"recessive","An allele ONLY expressed in a homozygous phenotype (9)","monohybrid" 9"phenotype","Genotype + Environment = ? (9)","page 151" ["genotype","The genetic composition of an organism (the alleles in a cell)","phenotype" ["dominant","An allele expressed in a heterozygote AND homozygote (8)","monohybrid" 1"gene","The sub unit of a chromosome (4)","DNA" Z"mitosis","Cell division which produces identical daughter cells (7)","cell division" ["meiosis","Cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half (7)","cell division" Q"diploid","A nucleus containing the full number of chromosomes (7)","page 56" <"allele","An alternative form of one gene (6)","recessive" T"haploid","A cell that contains half the normal chromosome number (6)","diploid"  "*","*","*"  "*","*","*"  "*","*","*"  "*","*","*" #( 9100# #)4,0;"This program is designed as a quick test of the common topics in Biology."::"You will be given a list of topics from which to choose." #*>:"For each topic you will be givena number of questions." #+~:"When you complete the test you will be given a list of the programs on this tape that will help in your revision." #,3750::9100# #.J4,0;"If you answer correctly the nextquestion will appear." #2[:"If you get the question wrong you will be given the first letter of the answer." #5_:"If you get the question wrong a second time you will be given a reference to look up in "; #6("the ";:1:"GEM";:0:"." #7c:"The correct answer will be displayed if you get the question wrong a third time."; #8h3750::9100#:4,0;"At the end of the test you will be told how well you did." #9F:"You will also be given some suggestions for further revision" #:12 ,3;"To finish press ";:2:"SYMBOL ";0;"& ";2;"*":13 ,19;"SHIFT ":0 #; # #$1:"Biology Tester":0 # %d+r %& c=1 %+correct=0 %0w$(c),c$(c),r$(c) %5-w$(c,1)="*" c=c-1:9550N% %:c=10 9550N% %Dc=c+1:95200% %N"d$="I'm mixing up the questions" %S 0 %X(e=127:.03{u\,45- %b20,e+1;d$(e) %li=1+(*c) %vj=1+(*c) %h$=w$(i):j$=c$(i):k$=r$(i) %'w$(i)=w$(j):c$(i)=c$(j):r$(i)=r$(j) %w$(j)=h$:c$(j)=j$:r$(j)=k$ %e %H20,0;" ":.1}L,502 % %9100#:2,0;"If you run this program again":3,0;"you will not get exactly the":4,0;"the same set of questions" %[ 2:7,3;"To run this program again":9 ,10 ;"press RUN" %S12 ,3;"To load and run DIAGRAM1":14,10 ;"press NEXT" %17,4;"To load a later program":18,2;"wind on the tape before you":20,10 ;"press NEXT":0 %="r"Ŧ="R":15 &="n"Ŧ="N"9750& & 9720% &=:10 ,2;"Press PLAY on your recorder":"" &G &I 9806N& &J=a=112 :s$:n=07:b:s$+n,b:n:a &NL"a",0,0,0,16,32 ,112p,72H,112p &OL"b",0,0,0,120x,64@,112p,8,112p &PK"c",0,0,0,64@,80P,120x,16,16 &QL"d",0,0,0,112p,16,32 ,16,112p &RK"e",0,0,0,480,72H,16,32 ,120x &SG"f",0,0,120x,0,0,0,0,0 &TK"g",16,16,124|,16,16,0,0,0 &UH"h",12 ,18,4,8,30,0,0,0 &VG"i",14,2,4,2,14,0,0,0 &WU"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255 &XK"j",0,24,24,24,90Z,60<,24,0 &YI"k",0,8,4,126~,126~,4,8,0 &FC$(20,100d):R$(20,20):B$(25,20) &W$(20,16) & L  DIAGRAM1 3 %z*5 :7: n=1:f=0 2'a(20):b(20):l(20) 18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each";2,5;"topic";3,4;"continues";4,3;"until you";5,2;"have got all";6,2;"the parts";7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop";9 ,2;"at any time";10 ,3;"by pressing";4;0;11 ,4;"symbol";12 ,3;"shift and";13 ,7;"*":7  442 '.1}L,0:0:1800  mn=1 x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=64500  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 !0:mn=2:3000 v=101e4500  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b#8000@+(n-1)*502: "pap,ink,bor,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ B:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:7  800 : ! " ":" "; "6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &6v$="*"7:0:" ":1800:8204 (v$:804$ 4:7:7:0:  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all";10 ,1;"questions in the section";12 ,1;"CORRECT.";1;14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ '6:l,c;(64@+k);:7  l(a(k))=k k .5,0:1800  c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=l(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (1:19,2;"Press the ";6;0;"LETTER";7;1;" by the";20,2;g$;0;21,16-(l$/2);l$:0 1c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @7c$=(64@+l(nq))c$=(96`+l(nq))1650r J< 2:21,2;"WRONG ";0;20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(nq));:1:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1850::1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:20,1;" RIGHT";:0:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:1850::6:0:l,c;"":7:1800 st=q1700 w 1670  k=k+1 wq=01673 'b=0nq=wq:k=l(wq):1562 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1675  1677 k>qk=1:1673  1673 nq=l(k):1562  1000  C7:0:21,9 ;"Press SPACE to continue"  c$= c$01805  c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 &c$= (c$01830& * 0: : S X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Zc$= \c$="*"490 ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 ^h$,pap,ink,bor,m$,n$::pap:3:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200    t=0 90:6:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$; U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 p6:0:19,2;b$;20,2;b$;19,2;m$;20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$  c$="*" c$="p"p:p c$="i"i:i c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="b"2750 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh c$=:c$="*"490  2020 *(x=a:y=b:a,b:x,y:1;a-x,b-y: -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 >2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";3,9 ;t$ " "  q=0 l$ l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink ar,x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=161800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r 21,0;" "; i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b))+b y=(*(e-b))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h j:.05|L,(-10 +i):i 9i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i 20:2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 .2~L,0:1800  k=1:nq=a(k):2450 @a$="*"1:19,2;"Type in the whole answer": 20,1;" ";7;0;19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";20,2;b$;20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$+" " l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl 2410j :.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )=2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :6:19,8;"The answer was":20,16-(l$/2);l$:7:1800 * 2450 + 2370B .6:1:20,1;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G ` 1000 n c$="":c$= o&c$=0ůc$=13 2410j pc$="*"530 q<c$=12 w$="":21,2;" ":2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ yc$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y #7:19,1;b$+" " 320,1;b$+" ";21,1;b$+" "  F6:19,1;b$+" ":20,1;b$+" ":7 0:nl nl=07:  m6:nl=4w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..":20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; 7:0:1800  x,y,a,b x,y 1;a-x,b-y  (x,y,r 2x,y,r 7 l,c,t$ l,c;t$;  x,y i=-11 j=-11 x+i,y+j j i  2450 :nh:2020: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: x,y,h,w 5x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0:  x,y,w,h,a a=a*/180 x,y:w-x,h-y,a: T1:ar=1"" Uar=2"" Var=3"" War=4"" Xar=5"" Zar=6"" [ar=7"" \ar=8"" ]ar=9 "?" ^ 0: cback=7  7  chead=1 clett=7 ctext=0 cprom=1 cback #3500 +(mn-1)*100d n=0 h$ h$="*"3100 n=n+1  3075  n=n-1 !#n>9 sp=1:3110& " sp=0 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d +chead ,& 0,16-(x$/2);x$ .h$ 0%2,16-(h$/2);h$ 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:clett N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:ctext b(3+n),4;h$ l%sp=1n=n+1:3190v q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 <"":" ";:cprom:"Press a LETTER to choose";:7 v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ v$:20,0;v$ 0:7 c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 "Biology diagrams and ideas","Structure of the flower","Structure of the eye","Section through a leaf","Kidney tubule","Human digestive enzymes","Finish using the program","*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST","Explanation","Do you know the names","Can you recognise the items","Choose another TOPIC","Finish using the program","*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  (i=218:i,2;b$:i: 0Ai=1434"2:i,136:0,-2:i: \:2:7,3;"To run this program again":9 ,10 ;"press RUN" S12 ,3;"To load and run DIAGRAM2":14,10 ;"press NEXT" 17,4;"To load a later program":18,2;"wind on the tape before you":20,10 ;"press NEXT":0 ="r"Ŧ="R":10 ="n"Ŧ="N"4550  4520 ;:10 ,1;"Press PLAY on your recorder":""  8"The insect pollinated flower",7,0,7 w"This is a simple diagram","of an insect pollinated flower",1,12 ,"labels",3,"of the labels","label" "A simplified diagram of an","insect pollinated flower will","be drawn.","You will be asked to complete","the diagram by labelling","it correctly.","*" 0"i",4,"l",124|,28,124|,36$,"d",112p,44,,"d",104h,38&,"d",112p,480,"d",122z,44,,"d",122z,46.,"l",132,28,132,36$,"d",144,44,,"d",152,38&,"d",144,480,"d",134,46. "a",122z,46.,124|,68D,-125},"a",134,46.,132,68D,125},"c",127,568,8,"c",127,546,5 3"l",125},68D,125},120x,"l",131,68D,131,120x,"d",134,120x,"a",135,120x,134,124|,180,"l",133,124|,122z,124|,"a",121y,124|,122z,120x,180,"l",123{,120x,125},120x "h",5007 "i",0,"a",114r,557,92\,118v,-40(,"a",142,557,164,118v,40(,"c",92\,124|,5,"c",164,124|,5,"h",5008 R"i",4,"b",140,502,"b",142,502,"b",140,480 "i",2,"a",108l,491,546,128,-70F,"a",148,491,200,128,70F,"a",557,129,104h,144,-23,"a",199,129,160,144,23,"a",104h,145,160,145,-65A Y"l",104h,143,112p,130,"l",160,143,156,130 "h",5019 "i",0,"l",170,124|,180,124|,"i",2,"d",212,124|,"i",0,"t",6,27,"?","i",2,"l",164,108l,212,108l,"i",0,"t",8,27,"?","l",220,132,228,132,"d",228,100d,"d",220,100d,"l",229,116t,238,116t,"l",229,115s,238,115s,"t",7,30,"?" "i",2,"l",184,84T,238,84T,"i",0,"t",11 ,30,"?","i",4,"l",143,502,199,42*,"i",0,"t",16,25,"?" "i",2,"l",117u,121y,42*,108l,"l",124|,90Z,42*,90Z,"l",117u,524,42*,44,,"i",0,"t",8,4,"?","t",10 ,4,"?","t",16,4,"?","l",36$,36$,28,36$,"d",28,116t,"d",36$,116t,"l",27,76L,18,76L,"l",27,75K,18,75K,"t",12 ,1,"?" N"i",4,"l",128,568,160,568,"i",2,"l",161,568,171,568,"i",4,"l",172,568,199,568,"l",128,42*,98b,28,"l",108l,45-,66B,36$,"i",0,"t",14,25,"?","t",17,7,"?","t",18,11 ,"?" "h",5020 "*" 1"Petal",9 ,11 ,30,0,"pet" 0"Sepal",9 ,17,7,0,"sep" 1"Anther",9 ,6,27,0,"ant" 3"Filament",9 ,8,27,0,"fil" 4"Stamen",9 ,7,30,0,"staand" 0"Stigma",9 ,8,4,0,"sti" 0"Style",9 ,10 ,4,0,"sty" 0"Ovary",9 ,16,4,0,"ova" 4"Carpel",9 ,12 ,1,0,"cargyn" 1"Ovule",9 ,14,25,0,"ovu" 6"Receptacle",9 ,18,11 ,0,"rec" 3"Nectary",9 ,16,25,0,"nec" "*" -"The mammalian eye",7,0,7 y"The diagram shows the basic","structure of the mammalian eye",1,13 ,"labels",2,"of the label","label" "A simplified diagram of the","mammalian eye will be drawn.","You will be asked to complete","the diagram by identifying the","labels.","*" T"i",1,"a",84T,58:,184,102f,149,"a",80P,568,188,100d,149,"a",180,112p,84T,128,119w,"a",184,116t,80P,128,119w,"a",84T,127,84T,59;,145,"a",80P,127,80P,579,145,"h",5104 Y"l",188,101e,202,104h,"l",184,115s,196,118v x"i",0,"a",177,111o,102f,139,91[,"a",180,102f,102f,47/,-130 h"l",177,110n,196,114r,"l",181,102f,200,106j,"h",5107 6"i",2,"l",116t,142,120x,141,"a",120x,140,174,106j,-66B,"l",175,106j,204,112p,"l",204,110n,176,104h,"a",176,103g,120x,45-,-105i,"l",119w,44,,116t,41),"h",5108 "i",2,"b",176,105i,"b",178,94^,"b",178,92\,"b",178,90Z,"i",0,"a",100d,70F,100d,114r,-70F,"a",101e,114r,101e,70F,-85U,"h",5109  "i",0,"l",88X,130,88X,98b,"d",90Z,98b,"d",94^,130,"l",88X,557,88X,86V,"d",90Z,86V,"d",94^,546,"d",96`,546,"d",96`,60<,"d",102f,568,"d",103g,480,"l",95_,130,96`,130,"d",96`,124|,"d",102f,128,"d",103g,139,"c",99c,535,1,"c",99c,131,1,"h",5110  "i",0,"l",98b,60<,98b,70F,"l",100d,59;,100d,68D,"l",102f,579,102f,72H,"l",98b,124|,98b,113q,"l",100d,124|,100d,114r,"l",102f,126~,102f,114r "h",5121 "*"  /"Cornea",3,8,6,0,"co"  7"Aqueous humour",9 ,9 ,8,0,"aq"  :"Vitreous humour",9 ,10 ,16,0,"vi" /"Lens",9 ,10 ,12 ,0,"le" 0"Pupil",3,10 ,10 ,0,"pu" 7"Optic nerve",8,7,25,0,"opne" @"Fovea (yellow spot)",3,10 ,21,0,"foye" 4"Blind spot",5,9 ,21,0,"bl" A"Suspensory ligaments",4,14,13 ,0,"suli" 1"Iris",3,13 ,10 ,0,"irpi" A"Ciliary body and muscle",4,5,13 ,0,"ci" 6"Sclerotic",7,16,21,0,"sc" 0"Retina",5,6,19,0,"re" "*" P9"Section of a dicotyledon leaf",7,0,7 Q"A simplified diagram of a","leaf section showing the cells",1,14,"words",2,"of the label or word","label or word" R"A simplified diagram of a","section through a dicotyledon","leaf will be drawn.","You will be asked to label the","diagram.","","NB The cell walls and nuclei"," of the cells are NOT drawn","*" Sp"i",4,"l",9 ,167,119w,167,"l",9 ,164,119w,164,"h",5204T Tn"i",4,"l",9 ,152,119w,152,"l",16,163,16,153,"l",32 ,163,32 ,153,"l",480,163,480,153,"l",64@,163,64@,153,"l",80P,163,80P,153,"l",96`,163,96`,153,"l",112p,163,112p,153,"h",5205U U\"i",4,"l",9 ,36$,568,36$,"l",9 ,25,568,25,"l",96`,36$,119w,36$,"l",96`,25,119w,25,"l",9 ,35#,9 ,26,"l",25,35#,25,26,"l",41),35#,41),26,"l",109m,35#,109m,26,"h",5206V VX"i",4,"c",58:,30,6,"c",94^,30,6,"h",5207W W9 "i",4,"l",26,151,46.,151,"d",46.,97a,"d",26,97a,"d",26,150,"l",39',144,34",140,"d",34",104h,"d",38&,104h,"d",38&,143,"l",480,151,74J,151,"d",74J,90Z,"d",480,90Z,"d",480,150,"l",76L,151,96`,151,"d",96`,116t,"d",76L,116t,"d",76L,150,"l",96`,114r,80P,114r,"d",80P,92\,"d",96`,92\,"d",96`,113q,"l",98b,151,116t,151,"d",116t,94^,"d",98b,94^,"d",98b,150,"l",68D,144,546,142,"d",524,98b,"d",66B,96`,"d",68D,143,"l",82R,144,82R,122z X6"d",90Z,124|,"d",90Z,142,"d",81Q,144,"l",84T,108l,86V,98b,"d",92\,96`,"d",92\,108l,"d",85U,108l,"l",110n,142,104h,136,"d",104h,104h,"d",110n,102f,"d",110n,141,"h",5209Y Y"i",4,"b",30,144,"b",30,136,"b",30,130,"b",30,118v,"b",30,110n,"b",30,106j Z "b",32 ,100d,"b",36$,100d,"b",42*,101e,"b",42*,108l,"b",42*,116t,"b",42*,124|,"b",42*,132,"b",42*,136,"b",42*,142,"b",42*,148,"b",36$,148,"h",5211[ ["i",4,"c",40(,70F,12 ,"c",42*,70F,4,"c",20,480,10 ,"c",20,502,5,"c",70F,72H,14,"c",71G,70F,6,"c",96`,72H,8,"c",96`,70F,4,"c",114r,79O,8,"c",114r,78N,4,"c",108l,502,13 ,"c",108l,502,6,"h",5212\ \"i",4,"b",108l,60<,"b",100d,546,"b",100d,44,,"b",117u,535,"b",113q,43+,"h",5213] ]T"i",0,"l",122z,166,135,166,"l",122z,160,135,148,"l",120x,150,124|,150,"d",124|,124|,"d",135,120x,"d",124|,116t,"d",124|,92\,"d",120x,92\,"l",126~,88X,130,88X,"d",130,62>,"d",135,60<,"d",130,58:,"d",130,38&,"d",126~,38&,"l",122z,30,135,30,"i",4,"l",60<,32 ,72H,39',"l",17,116t,28,118v,"l",17,68D,34",72H ^"h",5215_ _"i",0,"t",2,20,"The leaf is ","t",3,20,"the organ of","t",4,20,"............","t",6,20,"The stomata ","t",7,20,"control the ","t",8,20,"entry of the","t",9 ,20,"gas ........","t",10 ,20,"They also ","t",11 ,20,"regulate the","t",12 ,20,"loss of ....","h",5216` `"*" o;"Upper epidermis",9 ,3,17,0,"upep" p3"Cuticle",9 ,1,17,0,"wacu" q<"Palisade mesophyll",9 ,7,17,0,"pa" r;"Spongy mesophyll",9 ,14,17,0,"sp" s<"Lower epidermis",9 ,18,17,0,"loep" tA"Stomatal pore (stoma)",9 ,18,9 ,0,"stpo" u4"Guard cell",9 ,16,9 ,0,"gu" v4"Chloroplast",9 ,7,1,0,"ch" w7"Cell vacuole",9 ,7,7,0,"ceva" x5"Air space",9 ,16,6,0,"aisp" y3"Cytoplasm",9 ,13 ,1,0,"cy" z8"Photosynthesis",9 ,4,20,0,"ph" {:"Carbon dioxide",9 ,9 ,24,0,"coca" |2"Water",9 ,12 ,28,0,"h2wa" }"*" -"The kidney tubule",7,0,7 "A diagram of a kidney nephron","and blood vessels",1,12 ,"labels & words",3,"of the label or word","label or word" "A kidney tubule or nephron","will be drawn, along with","its associated blood vessels.","The labels will have to be","added to the diagram","*" "i",0,"a",32 ,134,44,,144,235,"a",26,132,524,128,130,"a",557,136,44,,150,96`,"a",32 ,135,26,133,240,"a",44,,149,44,,143,240,"h",5304 X"i",0,"a",535,128,557,120x,-66B,"a",557,136,63?,120x,-66B,"a",557,119w,85U,120x,180,"a",63?,119w,79O,120x,180,"a",85U,121y,101e,121y,-180,"a",79O,121y,107k,121y,-180,"h",5305 !"i",0,"l",107k,121y,107k,59;,"l",101e,121y,101e,59;,"a",107k,58:,123{,58:,180,"a",101e,58:,129,58:,180,"l",123{,59;,123{,119w,"l",129,59;,129,119w V"a",123{,120x,151,120x,-180,"a",129,120x,145,120x,-180,"a",151,119w,168,120x,180,"a",145,119w,174,120x,180,"a",168,121y,182,134,-90Z,"a",174,121y,182,128,-90Z,"h",5307 "i",0,"l",182,142,182,135,"l",182,127,182,96`,"l",190,142,190,112p,"d",196,116t,"l",196,108l,190,104h,"d",190,96`,"h",5308 %"i",2,"l",12 ,33!,12 ,123{,"l",11 ,33!,11 ,123{,"l",10 ,33!,10 ,123{,"a",12 ,124|,36$,136,-150,"a",11 ,124|,36$,136,-150,"a",10 ,124|,36$,136,-150,"c",40(,132,3,"c",36$,134,2,"c",44,,136,3,"c",42*,134,4,"c",40(,140,3,"c",36$,137,4,"a",36$,140,62>,152,-160,"h",5309 "i",2,"a",62>,151,78N,122z,60<,"a",86V,119w,100d,118v,23,"a",107k,118v,121y,116t,-10 ,"a",129,116t,144,121y,15,"a",150,124|,176,152,40( "h",5311 "i",0,"l",40(,124|,32 ,112p,"t",8,3,"?","i",2,"l",36$,140,24,148,"i",0,"t",3,2,"?","l",112p,46.,96`,36$,"t",17,11 ,"?","l",188,120x,206,132,"t",5,26,"?","p",5,"t",10 ,22," ","t",11 ,22,"to","t",12 ,22,"? ","l",188,100d,200,100d,"p",5,"t",9 ,25,"water ","t",10 ,25,"uptake ","t",11 ,25,"is ","t",12 ,25,"under ","t",13 ,25,"control","t",14,25,"of ? ","p",7 "p",5,"t",2,22,"to ?","l",68D,108l,524,97a,"p",5,"t",10 ,2," ? ","t",11 ,2,"reabsorbed","p",7,"l",152,110n,152,42*,"p",5,"t",17,15," ? ","t",18,15,"reabsorbed","t",18,1,"blood from ?","i",2,"l",174,148,160,148,"i",0,"p",5,"t",2,12 ,"blood ","t",3,12 ,"under ? ","t",4,12 ,"pressure","t",13 ,3,"blood ","t",14,3,"under ? ","t",15,3,"pressure","p",7,"l",13 ,68D,23,68D "h",5315 "*" ="Bowman's capsule",9 ,8,3,0,"bowcap" 4"Glomerulus",9 ,3,2,0,"glo" <"Loop of Henle",9 ,17,11 ,0,"loohen" ="Collecting duct",9 ,5,26,0,"colduc" A"Pelvis then Ureter",9 ,12 ,22,0,"pelure" 8"Renal Vein",9 ,2,26,0,"renvei" ;"Renal Artery",9 ,18,13 ,0,"renart" /"ADH",9 ,14,28,0,"adh" 1"Salts",9 ,17,19,0,"sal" L"Glucose,Amino acids & water",9 ,10 ,6,0,"gluamiwat" /"High",9 ,14,9 ,0,"hig" ."Low",9 ,3,18,0,"low" "*" 3"Human digestive enzymes",7,0,7 "The table shows enzymes, their","action and where they are made",1,14,"missing words",3,"of the missing word","missing word" "You will be given a table","showing the major human","digestive enzymes, where they","are produced and their action","on food classes.","You have to complete the table.","*" "i",1,"t",1,1,"Enzymes Action of Enzymes","l",9 ,156,254,156,"l",9 ,132,254,132,"l",9 ,108l,254,108l,"l",9 ,68D,254,68D,"l",92\,167,92\,25 "i",2,"t",3,1,"MOUTH","t",6,1,"STOMACH","t",9 ,1,"PANCREAS","t",14,1,"ILEUM" U"i",1,"t",4,1,"Salivary","t",7,1,"Gastric","t",10 ,1,"Amylase","t",12 ,1,"Lipase","t",15,1,"Maltase","t",16,1,"Lactase","t",17,1,"Peptidase","i",0,"t",4,10 ,"?","t",7,9 ,"?","t",11 ,2,"?","t",18,2,"?" T"i",1,"t",4,14," maltose","t",7,12 ,"protein ","t",10 ,12 ,"starch ","t",11 ,13 ,"peptide+amino acid","t",12 ,14," glycerol +","t",15,12 ,"maltose ","t",16,14," glucose","t",17,12 ,"peptide ","t",18,12 ,"fat + fatty acid"  "i",0,"t",4,12 ,"?","t",7,22,"?","t",10 ,21,"?","t",11 ,12 ,"?","t",12 ,12 ,"?","t",12 ,27,"?","t",15,22,"?","t",16,12 ,"?","t",17,22,"?","t",18,18,"?" ,"h",5421- -"*" 7="Protease(pepsin)",9 ,7,9 ,0,"propep" 84"glycerol",9 ,18,18,0,"gly" 92"Amylase",9 ,4,10 ,0,"amy" :1"Lipase",9 ,18,2,0,"lip" ;1"Starch",9 ,4,12 ,0,"sta" <3"Peptides",9 ,7,22,0,"pep" =3"Maltose",9 ,10 ,21,0,"mal" >3"Lactose",9 ,16,12 ,0,"lac" ?7"Amino acids",9 ,17,22,0,"ami" @@"Protease (trypsin)",9 ,11 ,2,0,"trypro" A7"Fatty acids",9 ,12 ,27,0,"fat" B/"Fat",9 ,12 ,12 ,0,"fat" C3"Protein",9 ,11 ,12 ,0,"pro" D3"Glucose",9 ,15,22,0,"glu" I"*" X72,"These are the female parts ","of the flower" Y42,"These are the male parts","of the flower" Z92,"The flower attracts","insects for pollination" [?2,"You have to complete the","labelling on the diagram" G2,"The outer layer of the eye","is a tough non-elastic coating" D2,"The mid-layer has blood","vessels which supply food & O" 32,"The inner layer is sensitive","to light" 12,"This focusses light onto","the retina" A2,"These control the amount of ","light entering the eye" &1,"You must label the diagram" H2,"This is a non-cellular layer","important in HO conservation" 12,"This is the upper layer","of the leaf" :2,"This is the lower layer","which contains pores" D2,"These cells regulate the size","of the pores in the leaf" E2,"These columnar cells are the","major photosynthetic cells" 82,"They contain large numbers","of chloroplasts" D2,"Chloroplasts in other cells","of the layer are not drawn" :2,"These cells are spherical and","loosely packed" 82,"They contain small numbers","of chloroplasts" D2,"Chloroplasts in other cells","of the layer are not drawn" )1,"You have to label the diagram" $1,"And complete the phrases" B2,"This cup shaped part of the","nephron collects liquids" 12,"This is the first convoluted","tubule" A2,"This is the loop of Henle and","2nd convoluted tubule" C2,"Urine passes down this duct","on its way to the bladder" G2,"Ultrafiltration of materials","occurs in this capillary net" @2,"Materials are reabsorbed into","this blood capillary" /2,"You now have to label the","diagram" $1,"and complete the phrases"  @2,"Complete the table by","filling in the missing words" @ e=14:nd:nm:e: r e=16:nd:nm:e: He=16:nd:nm:e:nm:nd:nm:nd:nm:nm:nd:nm:nd:nm: $e=17:nd:nm:e:nm:  nd:nm: #)F2,"The petals attract insects","to the flower for pollination" #*A2,"The sepals protect the flower","when it is in the bud" #+C2,"The anther produces the pollen","inside its pollen sacs" #,/2,"The filament supports ","the anther" #-4,"Stamens" #.G2,"The stigma is sticky to help","remove pollen from an insect" #/)1,"The style supports the stigma" #0(1,"The ovary contains the ovule" #14,"Carpels" #232,"The ovule contains the","female gametes" #34,"Flower" #4@2,"The nectary produces nectar","which attracts insects" #[H2,"The cornea is transparent and","refracts light onto the lens" #\D2,"Provides food + O for the","lens, cornea and conjuctiva" #]B2,"This refracts light & presses","outwards on the sclera" #^C2,"Focusses light on the retina","Its shape can be altered" #_4,"Eye" #`C2,"Carries messages from the rods","and cones to the brain" #aH2,"Contains a high concentration","of cones for accurate vision" #bF2,"Caused by neurones leaving","the retina at the optic nerve" #cH2,"Non-elastic fibres which join","the lens to the ciliary body" #dH2,"Composed of two antagonistic","muscles. Controls light entry" #e>2,"Contains circular muscles ","used in accommodation" #f1,"A protective layer" #gB2,"Contains two light sensitive ","cells - rods and cones" # 4,"Leaf" #%1,"A waxy non-cellular layer" #?2,"These cells contain large","numbers of chloroplasts" #62,"These are loosely packed","spherical cells" #4,"Leaf" #;2,"Carbon dioxide, Oxygen and","Water pass through" #G2,"They open and close the pore","according to light intensity" #52,"The photosynthetic site","within the cell" #4,"Cells" #4,"Leaf" #4,"Cells" #12,"The process of making","carbohydrates" #52,"This gas is produced during","respiration" #4,"Transpiration" #4,"Bowmans capsule" #J2,"Small molecules are forced out","of the blood by high pressure" #4,"Kidney" #4,"Kidney" #H2,"Urine passes to the pelvis &","along the ureter to bladder" #<2,"Blood leaves the kidney","through the Renal VEIN" #@2,"Blood enters the kidney","through the Renal ARTERY" #E2,"ADH from the pituitary gland","controls duct permeability" #=2,"Salts are absorbed in the 2nd","convoluted tubule" #H2,"Small molecules, except salts","and urea are reabsorbed here" #72,"The high pressure causes ","ultrafiltration" #E2,"The pressure is reduced by","resistance of the glomerulus" #&4,"Digestive Enzymes (P xvii)" #&4,"Digestive Enzymes (P xvii)" #A2,"Amylases break down large","carbohydrates eg starch" #92,"Lipases break down lipids","(fats and oils)" #<2,"Starch is a large polymer","of glucose molecules" #4,"Protein" #A2,"Amylases break down large","carbohydrates eg starch" #?2,"Lactose is a disaccharide","found in dairy products" #F2,"Peptides contain two or more","amino acids joined together" #D2,"This enzyme is activated in","the small intestine (why?)" #;2,"Fats are digested to fatty","acids and glycerol" #72,"Lipases break down lipids","(fats and oils)" #4,"Peptide" #E2,"Maltose is a disaccharide","made of two glucose molecules" ' 1," " nfgggxnvYI'm doing some sortingB A L C DIAGRAM2 ' \:f=0:12 ,0;"Press STOP on your tape recorder":0:1800 4:7::a(20):b(20):l(20) 18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each";2,5;"topic";3,4;"continues";4,3;"until you";5,2;"have got all";6,2;"the parts";7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop";9 ,2;"at any time";10 ,3;"by pressing";4;0;11 ,4;"symbol";12 ,3;"shift and";13 ,7;"*":7:442 '.1}L,0:0:1800  mn=1 x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=64500  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 !0:mn=2:3000 v=101e4500  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b#8000@+(n-1)*502: "pap,ink,bor,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ K:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:0:7  800 : ! " ":" " "6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &6v$="*"7:0:" ":1800:8204 (v$:804$ 4 :pap:3:7:ink:  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all";10 ,1;"questions in the section";12 ,1;"CORRECT.";1;14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ '6:l,c;(64@+k);:7  l(a(k))=k k .5,0:1800  c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=l(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (1:19,2;"Press the ";6;0;"LETTER";7;1;" by the";20,2;g$;0;21,16-(l$/2);l$;:ink 1c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @7c$=(64@+l(nq))c$=(96`+l(nq))1650r J+ 2:20,2;"WRONG ";ink;20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(nq));:1:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:21,1;" RIGHT";:ink:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:6:0:l,c;"":7:1800 st=q1700 w 1670  k=k+1 wq=01673 'b=0nq=wq:k=l(wq):1562 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1675  1677 k>qk=1:1673  1673 nq=l(k):1562  1000  :0:21,9 ;"Press SPACE to continue"  c$= c$01805  c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 &c$= (c$01830& * 0: X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Zc$= \c$="*"490 ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 ^h$,pap,ink,bor,m$,n$::pap:3:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200    t=0 B0:6:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:7 U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 y0:6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;m$:20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$  c$="*" c$="p"p:p c$="i"i:i c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="b"2750 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh c$= c$="*"490  2020 *x=a:y=b:a,b ,x,y .1;a-x,b-y: -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 @2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";:3,9 ;t$ " "  q=0 l$ l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink ar,x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=161800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r 21,0;" "; i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b))+b y=(*(e-b))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h  j:0.05|L,(-10 +i):i : i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i 20:2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 i:i: >.2~L,0:1800:k=1:nq=a(k):2450 20,1;" ";7;0;19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";20,2;b$;20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$+" " l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl 2410j :.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )>2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :6:19,10 ;"The answer was":20,16-(l$/2);l$:7:1800 * 2450 + 2370B .6:1:20,1;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G ` 1000 nc$= oc$=02410j pc$="*"530 qdc$=12 (c$=13 jzl)w$="":21,2;" ":.03{u\,45-:2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ yc$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y W7:19,1;b$+" ";20,1;b$+" ";21,1;b$+" ": E6:19,1;b$+" ";20,1;b$+" ":7 0:nl nl=07: l6:nl=4w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..";20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; 7:0:1800  x,y,a,b:x,y:a-x,b-y: (x,y,r:x,y,r: l,c,t$:l,c;t$;: >x,y:i=-11:j=-11:x+i,y+j:j:i: 2450 :nh:2020: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: >x,y,h,w:x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0: .x,y,w,h,a:a=a*/180:x,y:w-w,h-y,a: T1:ar=1"" Uar=2"" Var=3"" War=4"" Xar=5"" Zar=6"" [ar=7"" \ar=8"" ]ar=9 "?" ^ 0: :7:7 #3500 +(mn-1)*100d n=0 h$ h$="*"3100 n=n+1  3075  n=n-1 !#n>9 sp=1:3110& " sp=0 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d + 1 ,& 0,16-(x$/2);x$ .h$ 02,2;h$ 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:7 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:0 b(3+n),4;h$ l%sp=1n=n+1:3190v q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 2"":" ";1;"Press a LETTER to choose" v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ v$:20,0;v$ 0:7 c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 "BIOLOGY DIAGRAMS AND IDEAS","The nitrogen cycle","The carbon cycle","The circulatory system","Food webs","Food tests","Finish using the program","*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST" "Explanation" "Do you know the names" "Can you recognise the items" "Choose another TOPIC"  "Finish using the program" "*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  [:2:7,3;"To run this program again";9 ,10 ;"press RUN" R12 ,3;"To load and run DIAGRAM3";14,10 ;"press NEXT" 17,0;"To load and run a later program";18,2;"wind on the tape before you";20,10 ;"press NEXT":0 ="r"Ŧ="R":10 ="n"Ŧ="N"4550  4520 ;:10 ,2;"Press PLAY on your recorder":""  ."The Nitrogen Cycle",7,0,7 "The circulation of the element","nitrogen and its compounds",1,12 ,"words and phrases",5,"of the word or phrase","word or phrase" "This cycle involves the natural","circulation of nitrogen and its","compounds. This circulation","involves many different types ofmicro-organism.","*" "i",2,"t",3,11 ,"Nitrogen","t",4,11 ,"in the air","x",84T,134,20,88X,"h",5004 "i",2,"t",7,3,"Nitrates","x",20,110n,10 ,68D,"l",83S,146,502,124|,"l",502,124|,502,128,"l",502,124|,546,124|,"i",0,"l",76L,148,68D,148,"l",60<,148,524,148,"l",44,,148,36$,148,"l",35#,148,35#,140,"l",35#,132,35#,124|,"l",35#,124|,31,128,"l",35#,124|,39',128,"h",5005 "i",2,"t",7,25,"?","t",8,22,"protein","x",174,102f,20,58:,"l",88X,116t,172,116t,"l",172,116t,168,120x,"l",172,116t,168,112p,"h",5006 "i",2,"l",172,134,190,124|,"l",190,124|,190,128,"l",190,124|,186,124|,"h",5007 "i",2,"t",11 ,25,"?","t",12 ,22,"protein","x",174,70F,18,60<,"t",16,25,"?","x",158,38&,10 ,90Z d"l",204,101e,204,90Z,"l",204,90Z,200,94^,"l",204,90Z,208,94^,"l",232,112p,244,112p,"l",244,112p,244,502,"l",244,502,240,546,"l",244,502,248,546,"l",234,80P,243,80P,"h",5009  "i",2,"t",16,3,"Ammonia","x",22,38&,10 ,62>,"l",158,44,,90Z,44,,"l",90Z,44,,96`,480,"l",90Z,44,,96`,40(,"h",5010 "i",2,"t",11 ,3,"Nitrites","x",22,78N,10 ,66B,"l",60<,480,60<,76L,"l",60<,76L,568,72H,"l",60<,76L,64@,72H,"h",5011 "i",2,"l",60<,88X,60<,108l,"l",60<,108l,568,104h,"l",60<,108l,64@,104h,"h",5012 "i",2,"l",40(,122z,72H,144,"l",72H,144,68D,144,"l",72H,144,72H,140,"h",5013 "*" B"nitrogen fixation",7,5,9 ,0,"nitrofixat" Q"thunderstorms and lightning",3,4,3,0,"lightthundstorm" E"absorption by roots",2,6,15,0,"rootsabsor" N"root nodules in legumes",8,5,23,0,"legumroot nodul" 2"plant",9 ,7,25,0,"plant" 7"eaten",3,9 ,24,0,"feedieaten" 4"animal",9 ,11 ,25,0,"anima" F"death and excretion",4,11 ,31,0,"deathexcre" M"decomposers or saprophytes",9 ,16,25,0,"decomsapro" M "nitrification: nitrite bacteria",3,13 ,6,0,"nitri" K"nitrification: nitrate bacteria",3,9 ,6,0,"nitra" ;"denitrification",6,4,6,0,"denit" "*" ,"The Carbon Cycle",7,0,7 o"The natural recycling of","Carbon in the biosphere",1,10 ,"labels",3,"of the label","label" "This is the natural circulation","of carbon and its compounds.","This cycling is mainly caused","by the activities of living","organisms.","The recycling time can be very","short (eg plant respiration), or","very long (eg fossil fuel","production and combustion).","*" "i",0,"x",78N,134,20,84T,"i",2,"t",3,10 ,"Carbon ?","t",4,10 ,"in the air","h",5104 "i",0,"l",163,136,190,136,"d",190,108l,"l",186,112p,190,108l,"d",194,112p,"x",150,94^,12 ,68D,"i",2,"t",9 ,19,"? plants","h",5105 "i",0,"x",38&,86V,12 ,60<,"i",2,"t",10 ,5,"animals","i",0,"l",149,100d,100d,92\,"l",104h,96`,100d,92\,"d",104h,88X,"h",5106 %"i",0,"x",22,46.,12 ,92\,"l",68D,85U,68D,62>,"l",156,93],156,76L,"d",70F,76L,"d",70F,62>,"l",62>,68D,69E,60<,"d",76L,68D,"i",2,"t",15,8,"?","h",5107 L"i",0,"l",24,59;,24,150,"d",70F,150,"l",37%,92\,28,92\,"d",28,146,"d",72H,146,"l",149,104h,32 ,104h,"d",32 ,142,"d",68D,142,"l",66B,138,74J,146,"d",66B,154,"h",5108 "i",0,"l",192,93],192,60<,"l",188,64@,192,60<,"d",196,64@,"x",150,38&,20,100d,"i",2,"t",15,19,"Fossil fuels","t",16,21,"eg ?","h",5109 "i",0,"l",232,59;,232,144,"d",164,144,"l",168,140,164,144,"d",168,148,"h",5110 "*"  9"Carbon dioxide",9 ,3,17,0,"dio"  9"Photosynthesis",4,6,24,0,"pho"  J"Chloroplasts in green plants",9 ,9 ,19,0,"grechl" 4"Eaten",1,10 ,16,0,"eatfee" A"Death and excretion",3,13 ,7,0,"deaexc" G"Decomposers (saprophytes)",9 ,15,8,0,"decsap" 5"Respiration",4,6,4,0,"res" <"Fossilization",4,11 ,25,0,"prefos" I"Coal,oil,gas or peat",9 ,16,24,0,"coaoilgaspea" B"Combustion (burning)",4,7,29,0,"combur" "*" P2"The Circulatory System",7,0,7 Qa"This is the body's transport","system",1,14,"words",2,"of the label","label" R["This is the system which","transports materials around","the body.","Blood transports oxygen","hormones, waste products and","digested food around the body.","It also prevents infection by","clotting, attacking invaders and","producing antibodies.","The main parts of the system are"," The heart"," Arteries"," Veins"," Capillaries","*" S?"i",0,"l",9 ,34",253,34","l",9 ,33!,253,33!,"l",124|,32 ,124|,25,"i",2,"t",18,1,"Oxygenated","l",92\,28,120x,28,"l",92\,29,120x,29,"l",92\,30,120x,30,"h",5204T T"i",0,"x",110n,118v,28,44,,"l",132,119w,132,145,"l",111o,132,153,132,"t",4,14,"RA","t",6,14,"?","t",4,18,"?","t",6,18,"?","h",5205U U:"i",2,"l",155,124|,252,124|,"l",252,125},252,156,"l",251,156,176,156,"l",180,152,176,156,"d",180,160,"i",0,"x",102f,150,12 ,68D,"t",2,13 ,"? & arms","h",5206V V"i",2,"l",252,123{,252,44,,"l",251,44,,168,44,,"l",172,40(,168,44,,"d",172,480,"i",0,"x",94^,38&,12 ,68D,"t",16,12 ,"Legs & ?","h",5207W W^"i",2,"l",251,96`,110n,96`,"l",114r,92\,110n,96`,"d",114r,100d,"l",251,84T,178,84T,"l",182,80P,178,84T,"d",182,88X,"l",251,60<,126~,60<,"l",130,568,126~,60<,"d",130,64@,"h",5208X X"i",0,"x",62>,86V,12 ,44,,"x",62>,546,12 ,60<,"x",138,74J,20,36$,"t",10 ,10 ,"?","t",14,8,"Kidneys","t",11 ,19,"?","h",5209Y Y"i",1,"t",18,20,"Deoxygenated","l",126~,28,156,28,"l",126~,29,156,29,"l",126~,30,156,30,"h",5210Z ZI"i",1,"l",91[,44,,12 ,44,,"d",12 ,140,"d",108l,140,"l",104h,136,108l,140,"d",104h,144,"l",101e,156,12 ,156,"d",12 ,141,"l",61=,60<,13 ,60<,"l",61=,92\,13 ,92\,"h",5211[ ["i",1,"l",137,76L,84T,76L,"d",84T,84T,"l",80P,80P,84T,84T,"d",88X,80P,"h",5212\ \"i",1,"l",109m,124|,96`,124|,"d",96`,108l,"d",109m,108l,"l",105i,104h,109m,108l,"d",105i,112p,"h",5213] ]7"i",0,"x",110n,102f,12 ,44,,"t",8,16,"?","i",2,"l",155,108l,172,108l,"d",172,122z,"l",172,126~,172,140,"d",156,140,"l",160,136,156,140,"d",160,144,"h",5214^ ^"t",15,22,"Renal ?","t",10 ,22,"hepatic ?","t",7,22,"pulmonary","t",8,22,"?","t",7,2,"pulmonary?" _ "*" oA"Head and thorax",9 ,2,13 ,0,"shhethupch" p/"Lungs",9 ,8,16,0,"lu" q?"Intestines",9 ,11 ,19,0,"instviguduil" r4"Abdomen",9 ,16,19,0,"ablo" s2 "Aorta",2,5,25,0,"aodo" t4"Vena Cava",1,5,7,0,"veca" u@"Right Ventricle (RV)",9 ,6,14,0,"rvri" v:"Left Atrium (LA)",9 ,4,18,0,"la" w="Left Ventricle (LV)",9 ,6,18,0,"lv" x7"Renal Artery",1,15,28,0,"ar" y;"Hepatic Artery",1,10 ,30,0,"ar" z8"Pulmonary Vein",7,8,22,0,"ve" {:"Pulmonary Artery",3,7,11 ,0,"ar" |0"Liver",9 ,10 ,10 ,0,"li" "*" 2"A Terrestrial Food Web",7,0,7 "A food web shows the flow","of energy through an ecosystem",1,12 ,"descriptions",2,"of one of the organisms","phrase which describes the" {"A food chain is a relationship","between organisms where energy","and organic compounds pass along","the chain, eg:",""," Grass -- Sheep -- Man","","Usually a series of connected","food chains form a complex","relationship called a FOOD WEB.","You will be shown a simple food","web and a list of terms that","describe the organisms in it.","You have to match the two.","*" "i",0,"p",6,"t",4,1,"S","t",5,1," ","t",6,1,"U","t",7,1," ","t",8,1,"N","h",5304 K"p",7,"i",4,"t",1,4,"Seeds","t",3,4,"Roots","t",5,4,"Rotten","t",6,5,"wood","t",8,4,"Leaves","t",10 ,4,"Flowers","i",0,"l",17,108l,30,108l,"d",26,104h,"l",30,108l,26,112p,"h",5305 "l",12 ,145,12 ,164,"d",30,164,"d",26,160,"l",30,164,26,168,"l",13 ,148,30,148,"d",26,152,"l",30,148,26,144,"l",17,132,30,132,"d",26,136,"l",30,132,26,128,"l",12 ,103g,12 ,92\,"d",30,92\,"d",26,96`,"l",30,92\,26,88X,"h",5306 "i",0,"l",73I,164,95_,164,"d",91[,160,"l",95_,164,91[,167,"p",5,"t",1,12 ,"Vole","p",7,"l",73I,148,95_,148,"d",91[,144,"l",95_,148,91[,152,"p",5,"t",3,12 ,"Woodlice","p",7,"l",81Q,132,103g,132,"d",99c,136,"l",103g,132,99c,128,"p",5,"t",5,13 ,"Beetle" "p",7,"l",81Q,108l,103g,108l,"d",99c,104h,"l",103g,108l,99c,112p,"p",5,"t",8,13 ,"Aphid","p",7,"l",89Y,92\,99c,92\,"d",95_,96`,"l",99c,92\,95_,88X,"p",5,"t",10 ,13 ,"Moth","p",7,"l",64@,113q,167,124|,"d",163,128,"l",167,124|,163,120x,"p",5,"t",6,21,"Rabbit","p",7,"h",5308 "i",0,"l",129,164,159,164,"d",155,167,"l",159,164,155,161,"p",5,"t",1,20,"Badger","p",7,"l",161,148,175,148,"d",171,151,"l",175,148,171,144,"p",5,"t",3,22,"Shrew","p",7,"l",153,132,184,142,"d",180,143,"l",184,142,183,139,"l",145,108l,159,108l,"d",156,105i,"l",159,108l,156,111o,"l",135,89Y,176,89Y,"d",176,95_,"d",180,93],"l",176,95_,172,93],"p",5,"t",8,20,"Lady","t",9 ,20,"bird","p",7,"h",5309 w"i",0,"l",191,100d,207,100d,"d",204,97a,"l",207,100d,204,103g,"p",5,"t",9 ,26,"Thrush","p",7,"l",217,124|,231,124|,"d",227,121y,"l",231,124|,227,127,"p",5,"t",6,29,"Owl","p",7,"l",192,129,228,138,"l",192,144,228,138,"l",153,132,228,138,"d",231,138,"d",228,135,"l",231,138,228,141,"p",5,"t",4,29,"Fox","p",7,"h",5310 "i",0,"l",244,105i,244,119w,"d",240,116t,"l",244,119w,248,116t,"h",5311 "i",0,"l",76L,150,157,163,"l",153,153,158,158,"d",155,158,"l",158,158,158,155,"h",5312  "i",2,"l",8,84T,253,84T,"l",253,83S,8,83S,"t",12 ,4,"Herbivore","t",13 ,4,"Carnivore","t",14,4,"Omnivore","t",15,4,"Producer","t",16,4,"Heterotroph","t",17,4,"Saprophyte","t",12 ,18,"Top Carnivore","t",13 ,18,"Insectivore","t",14,18,"2' Consumer","t",15,18,"3' Consumer","t",16,18,"4' Consumer","t",17,18,"Autotroph","h",5313 "*" F"Plant eating animals",3,12 ,2,0,"vowoapmora" G"Meat eating animals",3,13 ,2,0,"shfoowlathba" 0"Badger",3,14,2,0,"ba" R"An organism which makes food",3,15,2,0,"serolewoflgrpl" _"All animals eg Vole,Fox,Owl etc",3,16,2,0,"vowobeapmolarashbafoowth" 0"Beetle",3,17,2,0,"be" ="Fox,Owl,Badger",3,12 ,16,0,"foowba" J"Shrew,Ladybird,Thrush,Fox",3,13 ,16,0,"shlathfo" P"Ladybird,Owl,Shrew,Fox,Badger",3,14,16,0,"laowshfoba" ;"Fox and Thrush",3,15,16,0,"foth" ."Owl",3,16,16,0,"ow" C"GREEN plants",3,17,16,0,"serolewoflgrpl" "*" &"Food Tests",7,0,7 "Complete the table of","food tests and the results",1,12 ,"words & phrases",2,"of the word or phrase","word or phrase" "A table of the major food ","groups will be drawn.","The use of each group will be","written in the table.","The food test and the positive","result will also be put in the","table.","","You have to work out","what words are missing from the table.","*" "i",2,"t",3,2,"FOOD","t",4,2,"TYPE","t",3,11 ,"USE","t",3,18,"TEST","t",3,27,"+ve","t",4,25,"RESULT" "l",9 ,131,254,131,"l",9 ,132,254,132,"l",9 ,133,254,133 "l",76L,152,76L,134,"l",76L,130,76L,25,"l",132,152,132,134,"l",132,130,132,25,"l",196,152,196,134,"l",196,130,196,25  "i",0,"t",6,17,"Biuret","t",6,25,"Blue ","t",8,2,"Glucose","t",8,17,"Hot","t",8,25,"Blue ","t",10 ,10 ,"Energy","t",10 ,17,"Water","t",11 ,19,"+","t",11 ,25,"Clear","t",14,10 ,"Energy","t",14,25,"Brown","t",18,4,"C","t",17,10 ,"Stops","t",18,10 ,"Scurvy","t",17,18,"DCPIP","t",17,25,"Blue " "i",2,"l",9 ,116t,254,116t,"l",9 ,100d,254,100d,"l",9 ,68D,254,68D,"l",9 ,44,,254,44,  "h",5409! !"i",2,"t",6,4,"?","t",6,12 ,"?","t",6,31,"?","t",8,12 ,"?","t",8,21,"?","t",8,31,"?" ""t",10 ,4,"?","t",12 ,19,"?","t",11 ,31,"?","t",14,4,"?","t",14,20,"?","t",14,31,"?","t",17,4,"?","t",17,31,"?","h",5411# #"*" 72"Protein",9 ,6,4,0,"pram" 8@"Lipids (fat & oil)",9 ,10 ,4,0,"faoili" 94"Starch",9 ,14,4,0,"stpoce" :1"Vitamin",9 ,17,4,0,"vi" ;@"Benedicts or Fehling",9 ,8,21,0,"befe" 6"Alcohol",9 ,12 ,19,0,"aletme" ?>"Cloudy or milky",9 ,11 ,31,0,"clmiem" @0"Energy",9 ,8,12 ,0,"en" AF"Iodine solution (I/KI)",9 ,14,20,0,"ioi2ki" B5"Blue-black",9 ,14,31,0,"bl" CB"Purple or violet",9 ,6,31,0,"puviinmali" D2"Clear",9 ,17,31,0,"cocl" J"*" XE2,"About 70% of the atmosphere","is made up of nitrogen gas." Y?2,"Nitrogen can be converted to","nitrates in two ways" ZF2,"Nitrate can be converted into","protein by micro-organisms" [@2,"Nitrogen can also be converted","directly to protein" \=2,"Protein can be broken down","by certain organisms" ]G2,"Ammonia is produced by the","action of more micro-organisms" ^22,"The ammonia is converted","to nitrites" _H2,"The nitrites are converted to ","nitrates by micro-organisms" `H2,"Some nitrate is broken down","releasing nitrogen to the air." a'1,"The diagram is now complete" A2,"Carbon compounds form about","0.04% of the atmosphere" @2,"They are also dissolved in","seawater and freshwater" 72,"The carbon can be fixed","into plant tissue" E2,"The carbon compounds can then","be put into animal tissue" 82,"Plant and animal tissue","can be broken down" =2,"releasing the carbon","compounds from the tissues" D2,"The released carbon compounds","return to the air or sea" F2,"Plant tissue can be buried and","converted to fossil fuels" D2,"After a very long time, the","trapped carbon is recycled" '1,"The diagram is now complete" @2,"Blood vessels carrying","oxygenated blood are in red" I2,"The heart has four chambers.","Two receive blood; two pump it" D2,"Oxygenated blood leaves the","heart and goes to the arms" 92,"Oxygenated blood is also","pumped to the legs" 92,"It is also pumped to muscles","and the organs" =2,"Blood is deoxygenated in the","muscles and organs" 12,"Deoxygenated blood is drawn","in blue" >2,"Deoxygenated blood returns to","the heart in veins" ?2,"Three major blood vessels","connect with this organ" F2,"Deoxygenated blood leaves the","heart in this blood vessel" >2,"The blood is oxygenated and","returns to the heart" '1,"The diagram is now complete" C2,"The Sun is the original source","of all energy on Earth" I2,"The leaves of green plants use","light energy to produce food" J2,"The products of photosynthesis","pass to the rest of the plant" K2,"The plant material is a source","of food and energy for animals" 92,"Some animals eat these","plant eating animals" I2,"These meat eaters may be eaten","in turn by other meat eaters" 12,"These meat eaters may also","be eaten" G2,"Some animals have a mixed diet","eating plants AND animals." H2,"These terms describe some of","the organisms in the food web" >2,"You have to identify the","organisms they refer to" F2,"NOTE - Each term MAY refer to","more than one organism" '1,"The diagram is now complete"  C2,"You have to complete the","table by filling in the gaps" !22,"Each question mark is","a missing word" "'1,"The diagram is now complete" @$e=19 :nd:nm:e:nm: r nd:nm:nm snd:nm tnd:nm u nd:nm:nm v$e=13:nd:nm:e:nm: %e=111 :nd:nm:e:nm: )e=110 :nd:nm:e:nm:nm: nd:nm:nd:nm:nm: #)4,"Nitrogen Cycle" #*4,"Nitrogen Cycle" #+4,"Nitrogen Cycle" #,D2,"Nitrogen fixing bacteria are","found in roots of legumes" #-4,"Nitrogen Cycle" #.4,"Nitrogen Cycle" #/4,"Nitrogen Cycle" #04,"Nitrogen Cycle" #1D2,"Organic matter is broken down","by saprophytic organisms" #2<2,"Bacteria break down ammonia","producing nitrites" #3:2,"Bacteria oxidise nitrites","producing nitrates" #44,"Nitrogen Cycle" #[4,"Carbon cycle" #\?2,"Plants are autotrophic; they","use CO to make food" #]G2,"Fungi are one group of plants","that CANNOT fix CO2. Why?" #^4,"Carbon cycle" #_4,"Carbon cycle" #`<2,"Fungi and bacteria are","important at this stage" #aD2,"Its a reaction that releases","chemical energy of food" #b12,"This is an extremely ","long process!" #c4,"Carbon cycle" #d4,"Carbon cycle" #4,"Circulatory System" #A2,"The blood picks up oxygen in","this respiratory organ" #>2,"Digested food enters the","circulatory system here" #4,"Circulatory system" #52,"The main blood vessel leaving","the Heart" #C2,"The main blood vessel that","returns blood to the heart" #C2,"This chamber pumps blood","through the pulmonary system" #B2,"This chamber collects blood","returning from the lungs" #D2,"This very muscular chamber","pumps blood around the body" #'1,"It carries oxygenated blood" #'1,"It carries oxygenated blood" #62,"It carries oxygenated blood","TO the heart" #:2,"It carries deoxygenated blood","FROM the heart" #:2,"Blood sugar level is regulated","in this organ" #A2,"Herbivores are 1' consumers","They eat plant material" #?2,"Carnivores are Meat eaters","They eat other animals" #D2,"Omnivores eat a mixed diet of","plants & animal material" #F2,"Producers manufacture their","food ie they're GREEN plants" #F2,"ALL animals are heterotrophs","They can't produce food" #D2,"Saprophytes feed on dead &","decaying animals and plants" #F2,"A top carnivore is the animal","at the end of a food chain" #42,"Insectivores are insect","eating animals" #:2,"An animal on the THIRD","trophic level" #72,"An animal on the FOURTH","trophic level" #82,"An animal on the FIFTH","trophic level" #J2,"Green plants are autotrophic","They PRODUCE their own food" #4,"Food tests" #4,"Food tests" #4,"Food tests" #4,"Vitamins" #L2,"The Benedicts or Fehlings","tests for any REDUCING sugar" #J2,"The colour depends on how much","glucose is present: A lot=red" #4,"Protein" #I2,"The fat dissolves in alcohol.","It goes milky if HO is added" #4,"Food tests" #4,"Glucose" #4,"Food tests" #4,"Food tests" #4,"Food tests" #$1,"Vit C decolourises DCPIP" gggn fvxnYI'm doing some sortingA L B 0omH*X Food TestsanoV*C DIAGRAM3 |rm<~S:f=0:12 ,0;"Press STOP on your tape recorder":1800 =::7:0:a(20):b(20):l(20) <f=0:n=1:f1=0:f2=0:f3=0:t1=0:r1=5000:c1=0.002xn:v=0:nh=0:nd=2800 :nm=2805 BPy$="I'm doing some sorting":b$=" ":a$=b$:l$=b$ + 400 ,(i=095_:row:"i"+i,row:i L0,0,0,480,72H,16,32 ,120x,0,0,0,112p,16,32 ,16,112p V[0,0,24,0,255,0,24,0,0,0,0,64@,80P,120x,16,16,0,0,0,120x,64@,112p,8,112p,0,0,0,16,32 ,112p,72H,112p,0,0,0,120x,0,0,0,0 ^a255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255,16,16,124|,16,16,0,0,0,12 ,18,4,8,30,0,0,0,14,2,4,2,14,0,0,0,1,2,2,4,132,72H,40(,16 h v:1:"Diagrams and ideas in BIOLOGY";2,0;"Part 3  Collins 1985":0:1800: i3:4,25:0,116t:180,0:0,-116t:-180,0 0:6,1;"This program revises";7,1;"your knowledge of";8,1;"diagrams and how they";9 ,1;"link with ideas.";10 ,1;"You can select";11 ,1;"from several topics." %12 ,1;"For each topic you";13 ,1;"can choose either to";14,1;"have the topic";15,1;"explained or you can";16,1;"choose from two types";17,1;"of test.":320@:300,:.1}L,0:1800::449 &2:192,84T,60< 4,23;"If";5,21;"you get";6,20;"a part";7,19;"wrong you ";8,18;"are told why" 9 ,17;"it is wrong, ";10 ,17;"sometimes with";11 ,17;"a reference to";12 ,18;"the GEM. You";13 ,18;"will get ";14,19;"another go";15,21;"later.":454 >18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each";2,5;"topic";3,4;"continues";4,3;"until you";5,2;"have got all";6,2;"the parts";7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop";9 ,2;"at any time";10 ,3;"by pressing";4;0;11 ,4;"symbol";12 ,3;"shift and";13 ,7;"*":7:442 '.1}L,0:0:1800  mn=1:x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=54500  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 !0:mn=2:3000 v=101e4500  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b#8000@+(n-1)*502: "pap,ink,bor,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ B:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:0  800 : !&7:" ":" ":6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &6v$="*"7:0:" ":1800:8204 (v$:804$ 4 :pap:3:7:ink:  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all";10 ,1;"questions in the section";12 ,1;"CORRECT.";1;14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ '6:l,c;(64@+k);:7  l(a(k))=k k .5,0:1800  c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=l(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (`1:19,2;"Press the ";6;0;"LETTER";7;1;" by the" ,_1:20,2;g$;" ";6;21,16-(l$)/2;l$;:7:ink 1c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @7c$=(64@+l(nq))c$=(96`+l(nq))1650r J5 2:20,2;"WRONG ";ink;20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(nq));1;l,c;(64@+l(nq));0:.5,-12 :b=2:1850::1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:21,1;" RIGHT";:ink:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:1850::6:0:l,c;"":7:1850: st=q1700 w 1670  k=k+1 wq=01673 'b=0nq=wq:k=l(wq):1562 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1675  1677 k>qk=1:1673  1673 nq=l(k):1562  1000  221,8;"Press SPACE to continue";  c$= c$01805  c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 &c$= (c$01830& * 0: S X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Zc$= \c$="*"490 ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 gh$,pap,ink,bor,m$,n$::6:0:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:pap:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200  X:t=0:6:0:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:7:0 U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 |2450 :6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;m$:20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$  c$="*" c$="p"p:p c$="i"i:i c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh c$= c$="*"490  2020 *(x=a:y=b:a,b:x,y:1;a-x,b-y: -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 Q2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";:3,9 ;t$:" ":q=0: l$:l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink ar,x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=161800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r 21,0;" "; i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b))+b y=(*(e-b))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h j:.05|L,(-10 +i):i 9i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i 20:2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 .2~L,0:1800  k=1:nq=a(k):2450 @a$="*"1:19,2;"Type in the whole answer": 7:0:19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";:20,2;b$:20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$ l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl  2410j :0.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )Q2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :1800:6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :6:19,7;"The correct answer was":20,16-(l$/2);l$;:7:0:b=2:1800:2450 + 2370B .6:1:20,2;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G ` 1000 n c$="":c$= o&c$=0ůc$=13 2410j pc$="*"530 qdc$=12 (c$=13 jzl)w$="":21,2;" ":.03{u\,45-:2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ yc$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y B19,2;b$;20,2;b$;21,2;b$: =6:19,2;b$;20,2;b$:7 0:nl nl=07: l6:nl=4w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..";20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; 7:0:1800  "x,y,a,b:x,y:1;a-x,b-y: (x,y,r:x,y,r: Z$m:p=3900<+(m*100d):p: l,c,t$:l,c;t$;: 2450 :nh:2020: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: >x,y,h,w:x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0: .x,y,w,h,a:a=a*/180:x,y:w-x,h-y,a: T1:"?":0: 7:7:7:3500 +(mn-1)*100d n=0 h$:h$="*"3100 n=n+1:3075  n=n-1 !#n>9 sp=1:3110& " sp=0 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d + 1 ,.x$" " 0,16-(x$/2);x$ .h$ 02,2;h$ 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:7 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:0 b(3+n),4;h$ l%sp=1n=n+1:3190v q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 ="":" ":1:"Press a LETTER to choose";:7 v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ 0v$:20,0;v$:7:0 0:7 c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 "DIAGRAMS & IDEAS IN BIOLOGY","The Reflex Arc","The Mammalian Ear","The Mammalian Heart","The Human Digestive System","Finish using the program","*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST","Explanation","Do you know the names","Can you recognise the items","Choose another TOPIC","Finish using the program","*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  :2:7,3;"To run this program again";9 ,10 ;"press RUN";12 ,3;"To load and run QUESTIONS1";13 ,7;"or a later program";14,2;"turn the tape over before you";16,10 ;"press NEXT" ="r"Ŧ="R":10 ="n"Ŧ="N"4550  4520 ;:10 ,2;"Press PLAY on your recorder":""  *"The reflex arc",7,0,7 "The reflex arc is involved","in reflex actions",1,11 ,"words and labels",3,"of the label or word","label or word"  "Reflex arcs provide rapid","involuntary responses to stimuli","These responses are usually","protective eg:",""," blinking if anything"," approaches the eye rapidly","","No conscious thought is needed","so the response is very rapid.","*" "a",20,74J,20,100d,-524,"a",8,96`,19,100d,-6,"a",8,106j,28,111o,-10 ,"a",28,112p,68D,112p,-80P p"a",68D,113q,108l,112p,-80P,"a",108l,111o,124|,106j,-9 ,"a",116t,100d,122z,98b,-3,"a",125},106j,140,98b,-135,"a",141,98b,148,96`,-4,"a",122z,98b,136,92\,+108l,"a",136,92\,144,88X,-4 r"a",116t,100d,116t,74J,-46.,"a",116t,74J,144,88X,17,"a",148,82R,108l,64@,-23,"a",108l,64@,68D,64@,-80P,"a",68D,64@,28,64@,-80P,"a",28,64@,8,70F,-6,"a",8,78N,20,74J,-10 ,"h",5006  "a",40(,66B,96`,66B,-70F,"a",40(,108l,96`,108l,70F,"a",24,100d,24,76L,-138,"a",112p,100d,112p,76L,138 ."c",68D,88X,2,"h",5008 B"i",4,"a",232,84T,232,68D,-117u "h",5010 "i",2,"a",168,44,,216,44,,-70F,"a",168,32 ,216,32 ,70F,"a",172,42*,212,42*,-502,"a",172,36$,212,36$,502,"l",176,39',209,39',"h",5011 "i",0,"l",230,80P,228,76L,"d",230,72H,"a",227,76L,132,100d,-30 m"l",132,101e,132,103g,"c",132,104h,1,"c",132,104h,2  "a",132,100d,88X,95_,557,"l",88X,95_,86V,97a,"l",88X,95_,86V,93],"h",5014 ="c",82R,94^,1,"c",82R,94^,2 "a",82R,92\,92\,78N,480,"l",92\,78N,96`,78N,"l",92\,78N,92\,74J,"h",5016 q"c",100d,76L,1,"c",100d,76L,2,"a",100d,76L,120x,72H,20,"a",120x,72H,144,84T,25,"a",144,84T,156,64@,-155,"a",156,64@,162,40(,100d,"l",162,40(,164,44,,"l",162,40(,164,36$,"h",5017 "p",5,"i",0,"t",2,2,"A reflex action is a fixed ---","t",3,2,"to a ---. Reflexes are auto- ","t",4,2,"matic, they are not ---. ","p",7 "h",5030 "l",116t,110n,127,124|,"t",6,16,"?","l",136,108l,151,124|,"t",6,19,"?","l",124|,68D,132,579,"t",15,16,"?","l",156,88X,167,100d,"t",9 ,21,"?","l",156,46.,145,36$,"t",17,17,"?","l",226,74J,217,60<,"t",14,26,"?","l",217,39',231,36$,"t",17,29,"?","l",94^,74J,73I,44,,"t",16,8,"?","l",87W,84T,81Q,84T,"t",11 ,9 ,"?","t",11 ,5,"?","t",13 ,7,"?" "*" 7"Receptor",9 ,14,26,0,"recfre" F"Effector (eg muscle)",9 ,17,29,0,"effmusgla" H"Sensory (afferent) neurone",9 ,9 ,21,0,"senaff" G"Motor (efferent) neurone",9 ,17,17,0,"moteff" >"Relay neurone",9 ,11 ,9 ,0,"relintcon" 6"Grey matter",9 ,11 ,5,0,"gre" 7"White matter",9 ,13 ,7,0,"whi" 6"Dorsal root",9 ,6,16,0,"dor" 3"Ganglion",9 ,6,19,0,"gan" 8"Ventral root",9 ,15,16,0,"ven" 2"Synapse",9 ,16,8,0,"syn" 3"Response",9 ,2,29,0,"res" 2"Stimulus",9 ,3,7,0,"sti" 1"Learnt",9 ,4,22,0,"lea" "*" -"The mammalian ear",7,0,7 "The mammalian ear is an organ","of hearing and balance",1,14,"labels & words",2,"of the label or word","label or word" "The mammalian ear is involved","in hearing and balance.","Different receptors are","stimulated by vibrations,","movement and gravity.","","A section through the ear will","be drawn and you will be asked","to label it.","*" "i",1,"l",24,93],30,136,"a",30,136,12 ,136,180,"a",12 ,40(,30,40(,180,"l",30,40(,24,69E,"l",24,92\,72H,92\,"l",24,93],72H,93],"l",24,72H,80P,72H,"l",24,73I,80P,73I,"i",0,"l",72H,92\,80P,74J,"h",5104 "l",81Q,72H,118v,72H,"l",81Q,73I,118v,73I,"l",118v,72H,136,28,"l",136,36$,120x,78N,"a",73I,94^,104h,120x,-165,"l",104h,120x,120x,105i,"l",118v,105i,118v,100d,"l",119w,105i,119w,100d,"l",120x,105i,120x,100d,"l",120x,99c,120x,92\,"l",118v,91[,118v,88X,"l",119w,91[,119w,88X,"l",120x,91[,120x,88X,"l",120x,87W,120x,84T,"l",118v,83S,118v,79O,"l",119w,83S,119w,79O,"l",120x,83S,120x,79O,"h",5105 "a",73I,92\,81Q,76L,-557,"a",82R,76L,84T,92\,90Z,"a",84T,92\,88X,96`,-90Z,"a",88X,96`,82R,98b,325E,"a",82R,98b,74J,92\,-90Z "l",94^,97a,106j,94^,"d",107k,96`,"a",107k,96`,107k,106j,-150,"l",107k,106j,96`,112p "a",116t,92\,116t,100d,-180,"l",112p,96`,108l,96`,"l",112p,95_,108l,95_,"l",112p,94^,108l,94^,"h",5108 "i",1,"a",144,96`,152,104h,-90Z,"a",152,104h,152,112p,180,"l",152,112p,144,112p,"a",144,112p,140,116t,-90Z,"l",130,112p,130,116t "a",140,116t,142,126~,110n,"a",142,126~,144,136,110n,"a",144,136,124|,140,225,"a",132,136,140,138,-60<,"a",140,138,134,134,295' "a",124|,138,104h,130,95_,"a",104h,130,128,118v,125},"a",122z,134,110n,132,75K,"a",110n,132,122z,122z,130,"a",138,132,116t,132,64@,"a",116t,132,118v,124|,118v,"l",118v,124|,122z,122z,"a",136,128,120x,128,502,"a",120x,128,130,129,100d,"h",5111 D"i",1,"a",120x,100d,132,112p,90Z,"a",120x,84T,130,76L,-502,"a",144,96`,158,47/,33!,"a",130,76L,152,43+,35#,"a",152,43+,208,64@,139,"a",158,47/,202,64@,139 ="a",208,64@,154,64@,180,"a",202,64@,159,64@,180,"a",154,64@,198,64@,180,"a",159,64@,192,64@,180,"a",198,64@,163,64@,180,"a",192,64@,168,64@,180,"a",163,64@,188,64@,180,"a",168,64@,184,64@,180,"a",188,64@,172,64@,180,"a",184,64@,176,64@,180,"a",172,64@,176,64@,180 "h",5114 g"i",1,"l",138,124|,142,122z,"l",138,120x,142,122z,"a",142,122z,228,118v,65A,"l",188,88X,192,88X,"l",192,88X,192,84T,"a",192,88X,228,118v,557,"a",228,118v,252,118v,-25,"h",5120  "i",1,"l",204,60<,215,60<,"t",14,27,"?","t",7,30,"?","t",18,17,"To ?","i",0,"l",128,44,,113q,44,,"t",16,13 ,"?","l",112p,92\,100d,65A,"t",14,12 ,"?","l",100d,94^,84T,65A,"t",14,10 ,"?","l",75K,84T,65A,84T,"t",11 ,7,"?","l",80P,112p,73I,132,"t",5,8,"?","i",1,"l",146,148,159,148,"t",3,20,"?","l",146,132,159,132,"t",5,20,"?","l",145,124|,159,124|,"t",6,20,"?","l",156,104h,167,100d,"t",9 ,21,"?" "p",5,"i",0,"t",1,22,"The stapes","t",2,22,"presses on","t",3,22,"the ? ","t",4,22,"window. ","t",1,1,"The ? window","t",2,1,"stops echoes","p",7 "*"  2"Cochlea",9 ,14,27,0,"co"  >"Auditory nerve",9 ,7,30,0,"auneafse"  6"Pharynx",9 ,18,20,0,"phmoth" :"Eustachian tube",9 ,16,13 ,0,"eu" ;"Stapes (stirrup)",9 ,14,12 ,0,"st" :"Incus (anvil)",9 ,14,10 ,0,"inan" 1"Eardrum",9 ,11 ,7,0,"ea" ;"Malleus (hammer)",9 ,5,8,0,"maha" ="Semicircular canals",9 ,3,20,0,"se" 1"Ampulla",9 ,5,20,0,"am" 3"Utriculus",9 ,6,20,0,"ut" 2"Sacculus",9 ,9 ,21,0,"sa" ."Oval",9 ,3,26,0,"ov" ."Round",9 ,1,5,0,"ro"  "*" P/"The mammalian heart",7,0,7 Qy "The diagram shows a transverse","section through the heart",1,13 ,"labels",4,"of the labels","label" R"The heart is a muscular pump.","It is divided into 4 chambers","but the left and right sides","are completely separate.","","At rest, the human heart beats","about 70 times every minute","*" Si"a",104h,140,80P,136,502,"a",80P,136,74J,140,-90Z,"a",68D,136,70F,128,-78N,"a",70F,128,62>,112p,579,"a",62>,112p,568,106j,-90Z,"a",568,98b,64@,100d,-90Z,"a",64@,100d,70F,90Z,40( T"a",70F,90Z,114r,28,88X,"a",114r,28,150,100d,100d,"a",150,100d,161,120x,60<,"l",161,120x,172,120x,"l",172,128,160,128,"a",160,128,156,136,20,"l",156,136,164,144,"l",158,148,149,140,"a",149,140,130,140,557 U"a",64@,100d,94^,72H,-45-,"a",98b,74J,103g,104h,-23,"a",103g,104h,98b,152,480,"a",132,92\,158,110n,-35#,"a",128,92\,132,152,-27,"a",116t,142,120x,152,-5,"a",116t,142,112p,152,5,"l",116t,142,116t,104h,"h",5206V VF"a",74J,94^,94^,524,35#,"a",94^,524,108l,60<,110n,"a",108l,60<,116t,103g,-23,"a",116t,103g,120x,68D,-20,"a",120x,68D,130,66B,135,"a",130,66B,148,104h,20,"h",5207W W{"a",104h,106j,108l,108l,90Z,"a",116t,106j,112p,108l,-90Z,"h",5208X X{"a",117u,106j,120x,108l,90Z,"a",126~,106j,123{,108l,-90Z,"h",5230n Y"t",2,1,"Pulmonary?","l",89Y,156,108l,148,"t",4,3,"From ?","t",6,1,"Right?","l",579,124|,84T,124| Z"t",8,4,"?","l",41),108l,524,106j,"t",10 ,1,"From ?","t",12 ,6,"?","l",579,76L,87W,84T [4"t",14,1,"Right?","l",579,60<,96`,60<,"t",3,17,"?","l",124|,148,135,148,"t",6,22,"From ?","t",8,21,"?","l",167,106j,125},106j,"t",11 ,22,"?","l",141,100d,175,84T \/"t",13 ,22,"?","l",144,68D,175,68D,"p",5,"i",0,"t",13 ,24,"Oxygen ","t",14,24,"is taken","t",15,24,"to the ","t",16,24,"heart ","t",17,24,"muscle ","t",18,24,"by the ?","p",7 n"*" o1"Lungs",9 ,6,27,0,"lung" p;"Tricuspid valve",9 ,12 ,6,0,"tric" q;"Bicuspid valve",9 ,11 ,22,0,"bicu" rD"Vena cava",9 ,8,4,0,"venapostantesupeinfe" sG"Head & shoulders",9 ,4,8,0,"headcranthroshou" tD"Body",9 ,10 ,6,0,"bodythorabdoarmscheslegs" u2"Artery",9 ,2,10 ,0,"arte" v<"Dorsal aorta",9 ,3,17,0,"dorsaort" w?"Semilunar valve",9 ,8,21,0,"semiluna" x?"Atrium (auricle)",9 ,6,6,0,"atriauri" y5"Ventricle",9 ,14,6,0,"vent" zR"Muscular wall :cardiac muscle",9 ,13 ,22,0,"muscwallcard" {<"Coronory artery",9 ,18,31,0,"coro" |"*" 6"The human digestive system",7,0,7 l"The diagram shows the","human digestive system",1,15,"labels",2,"of the labels","label" "This organ system breaks down","large insoluble molecules into","smaller molecules that can be","absorbed into the blood.","*" A"l",124|,159,124|,144,"a",124|,144,137,136,-180,"a",137,136,116t,120x,-40(,"a",116t,120x,104h,126~,-65A,"a",104h,130,119w,144,150,"l",120x,144,120x,159,"h",5304 "a",104h,130,92\,112p,110n,"a",104h,126~,96`,120x,60<,"a",94^,117u,96`,112p,35#,"l",92\,112p,96`,104h,"l",96`,112p,102f,102f I"a",90Z,126~,80P,108l,25,"a",80P,108l,60<,112p,-165,"a",60<,112p,68D,136,-22,"a",68D,136,96`,148,-34","a",96`,148,106j,140,-90Z,"a",106j,140,94^,129,20,"h",5306 "l",94^,128,88X,130,"a",88X,130,87W,128,320@,"l",87W,128,93],126~ "a",100d,124|,106j,116t,-10 ,"a",98b,122z,102f,118v,-7,"a",102f,118v,96`,120x,-36$,"a",94^,118v,104h,115s,557  "a",106j,116t,112p,116t,-120x,"a",112p,116t,119w,115s,-120x,"a",119w,115s,125},113q,-120x,"a",125},113q,132,112p,-120x,"a",132,112p,125},110n,-120x,"a",125},110n,119w,110n,-120x,"a",119w,110n,112p,110n,-120x,"a",112p,110n,104h,114r,-120x,"h",5309 %"a",108l,91[,120x,84T,70F,"a",102f,91[,120x,80P,80P,"a",120x,84T,120x,72H,-180,"a",120x,80P,120x,76L,-180,"l",120x,72H,104h,72H,"l",120x,76L,104h,76L "a",104h,72H,104h,68D,180,"a",104h,76L,104h,64@,180,"l",104h,68D,118v,66B,"l",104h,64@,118v,62> F"a",118v,66B,118v,546,-180,"a",118v,62>,118v,58:,-180,"a",118v,58:,100d,480,27,"a",118v,546,100d,44,,25,"a",100d,480,89Y,46.,-15,"a",100d,44,,88X,42*,-15,"h",5312 "l",88X,42*,86V,36$,"a",86V,36$,83S,38&,-180,"l",83S,38&,84T,44,,"a",84T,44,,80P,546,-120x,"a",80P,546,78N,64@,-90Z,"a",78N,64@,78N,76L,-100d,"a",78N,76L,76L,84T,-120x,"a",76L,84T,78N,94^,-90Z,"a",78N,94^,86V,101e,-90Z "a",89Y,46.,87W,524,95_,"a",87W,524,86V,62>,120x,"a",86V,62>,85U,72H,100d,"a",85U,72H,86V,82R,90Z,"a",86V,82R,88X,92\,120x  "a",86V,101e,100d,102f,-90Z,"a",100d,102f,113q,102f,-90Z,"a",113q,102f,128,102f,-90Z,"a",128,102f,144,102f,-90Z,"a",144,102f,156,94^,-90Z g"a",87W,93],98b,92\,90Z,"a",98b,92\,112p,94^,100d,"a",112p,94^,126~,93],120x,"a",126~,93],140,92\,90Z,"a",140,92\,142,82R,90Z,"a",142,82R,142,72H,99c,"a",142,76L,140,64@,90Z,"a",140,64@,138,557,120x,"a",138,557,130,502,100d,"a",130,502,119w,47/,90Z,"a",119w,47/,112p,38&,110n,"a",112p,38&,114r,30,95_ "a",156,94^,154,82R,-90Z,"a",154,82R,152,72H,-100d,"a",152,72H,152,64@,-120x,"a",152,64@,150,568,-90Z,"a",150,568,146,46.,-100d,"a",146,46.,134,44,,-90Z,"a",134,44,,124|,42*,-90Z,"a",124|,42*,120x,36$,-100d,"a",120x,36$,118v,30,-90Z "h",5330 Ƣ"l",92\,129,92\,151,"l",491,140,78N,140,"l",491,124|,81Q,132,"l",491,108l,93],108l,"l",491,84T,106j,84T,"l",40(,116t,36$,116t,"d",36$,78N,"d",40(,78N,"l",33!,100d,35#,100d,"l",65A,502,84T,502,"l",65A,36$,83S,36$ Dž"l",125},156,151,156,"l",132,132,151,132,"l",130,114r,151,116t,"l",148,92\,167,92\,"l",116t,40(,167,68D,"l",176,98b,180,98b,"d",180,60<,"d",176,60<,"l",181,84T,183,84T,"l",118v,28,167,28 "*" ."Liver",9 ,4,5,0,"li" 5"Gall bladder",9 ,6,5,0,"ga" 1"Duodenum",9 ,8,5,0,"du" ; "Large Intestine",9 ,11 ,23,0,"la" /"Ileum",9 ,11 ,5,0,"il" 8"Small intestine",9 ,9 ,3,0,"sm" 0"Caecum",9 ,15,7,0,"ca" 2"Appendix",9 ,17,7,0,"ap" @ "Oesophagus (gullet)",9 ,2,19,0,"oegu" 2 "Stomach",9 ,5,19,0,"st" 2"Pancreas",9 ,7,19,0,"pa" 0"Colon",9 ,10 ,21,0,"co" 1"Rectum",9 ,13 ,21,0,"re" /"Anus",9 ,18,21,0,"an" 3"Bile duct",9 ,2,11 ,0,"bi" "*" XI2,"This is a section through the","spinal cord showing the roots" YF2,"The spinal cord is made up of","grey matter & white matter" ZE2,"Sensory receptors are found in","many places, eg the skin" [72,"Muscles and glands are the","main effectors" \=2,"This nerve fibre carries","information TO the CNS" ]22,"This nerve fibre connects","two others" ^?2,"This nerve fibre carries","information FROM the CNS" b)2,"The diagram is now","finished" @2,"This is the outer ear passage","and the external ear" "1,"This is the middle ear" )1,"These are the inner ear bones" B2,"This part of the inner ear","is concerned with balance" B2,"This part of the inner ear","is concerned with hearing" :2,"Nerve fibres carry information","to the brain." '1,"The diagram is now complete" F2,"The upper 2 chambers COLLECT","blood from the body & lungs" H2,"They are separated from the","lower chambers by large valves" B2,"The lower 2 chambers PUMP","blood round body and lungs" B2,"This valve prevents the return","of deoxygenated blood" @2,"This valve prevents the return","of oxygenated blood" '1,"The diagram is now complete" 1,"This contains acid" 52,"This organ has many metabolic","functions" :2,"This is BOTH an exocrine","AND endocrine organ" D2,"This contains many villi for","absorbing small molecules" 1,"This absorbs water" #1,"The diagram is complete" @ e=18:nd:nm:e: r$e=16:nd:nm:e:nm: ,nd:nm:nm:e=14:nd:nm:e: $e=15:nd:nm:e:nm: #)4,"Reflex action" #*4,"Reflex action" #+D2,"These conduct nerve impulses","to the CNS from receptors" #,D2,"These conduct nerve impulses","from the CNS to effectors" #-E 2,"These join sensory and motor","fibres in the grey matter" #.72,"This contains the cell bodies","of neurones" #/G2,"This contains nerve fibres","running the length of the cord" #0C2,"Sensory nerve fibres enter","the cord through this root" #1F2,"This swelling contains the","cell bodies of sensory fibres" #2A2,"Motor nerve fibres leave","the cord through this root" #372,"A microscopic gap between","two nerve cells" #4D2,"A change in an organism made","in reaction to a stimulus" #5@2,"A change in the environment","that causes a response" #64,"reflex action" #[F2,"Receptor cells inside this","organ are stimulated by sound" #\J2,"This carries information about","sounds & balance to the brain" #]4,"Eustachian tube" #^D2,"It allows air into the middle","ear to equalise pressure" #_72,"This bone is connected to the","oval window" #`D2,"The ossicles transmit/amplify","the eardrum's vibrations" #a 4,"Ear" #b22,"This bone is connected to the","eadrum" #c?2,"It contains fluid which moves","when the head moves" #dA2,"This detects moving fluid","in the semicircular canal" #e;2,"This helps to detect the","direction of gravity" #f;2,"This helps to detect the","direction of gravity" #g4,"Ear" #h4,"Ear" #E2,"These oxygenate the blood and","remove CO from the blood" #G2,"This prevents the backflow of","blood into the right atrium" #F2,"This prevents the backflow of","blood into the left atrium" #92,"This brings deoxygenated blood","TO the heart" #A2,"This blood vessel brings blood","from above the heart" #A2,"This blood vessel brings blood","from below the heart" #@ 2,"It carries deoxygenated blood","AWAY from the heart" #C2,"This carries ALL oxygenated","blood AWAY from the heart" #E2,"These prevent the backflow of","blood into the ventricles" #52,"This thin-walled chamber","COLLECTS blood" #32,"This thick-walled chamber","PUMPS blood" #D2,"Blood from this chamber is","forced out at high pressure" #?2,"Heart muscle is supplied","by its own blood vessels" #C2,"This organ produces bile","which emulsifies fats & oils" #A2,"This stores bile until it is","needed in the duodenum" #F2,"Digestive enzymes from the","pancreas break down food here" #C2,"This absorbs water from the","remaining undigested food" #E2,"Large numbers of villi absorb","small food molecules here" #62,"It is composed of the","duodenum and ileum" #12,"Bacteria break down some","fibre here" #@2,"This is a vestigial organ","It has no known function" #>2,"Food passes down, from the","mouth, by peristalsis" #B2,"This secretes acid and enzymes","to break down protein" #;2,"This produces enzymes","AND a hormone (Insulin)" #1,"This absorbs water" #82,"This stores semi-solid waste","called faeces" #A2,"This hole is opened and closed","by a ring of muscles" #C2,"This tube carries bile from","the liver to the duodenum" fC