ZXTape! 0Created with Ramsoft MakeTZXydirections Y=8x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::1200 g64999:x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::5,3;"Please leave tape running" "UDGC"65000,536 G:f$=" STOP THE TAPE ":v=12 :m=8:f=980:910 !2,0;"":1000  500 ( 5 B21,0;" ";x;" Press any key to continue ";y;" " ""510 =""520   i$ *k$="":f=i$ 4f=0800  > n=1f Hi$(n)=32 860\ R k$=k$+i$(n) \n f  f=990  v,m;""; 23729\,v n=1̱f$ f 23728\,m:65000 m=m+1:n  1;f$(n);: %1;5;1;f$(n);: 2;f$(n);: 3;6;f$(n);: +2;"CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION PRACTICE"  11 ;2;"AND TESTS"  )v=4:m=11 :f$=" CHEMISTRY "  f=985  910 R8,6;2;"EXAMINATION PRACTICE";6;"" ?11 ,11 ;2;"AND TESTS";11 ;"" @18,8;"SPHERE SOFTWARE";8;"" 82,3;3;"" n=313 2n,3;3;"";n,28;3;""  <n:14,3;3;""  500  (#f$="  CELTIC REVISION SOFTWARE " 2v=3:m=2 < 900 F?:::"Text by E.J. Perkins,B.Sc.(Hons)M.Ed.(Wales),F.B.I.M." P7:"Programme by M.G. Fincher, B.Sc (Hons) Elec. Eng." Zp15,2;"A Software product from the"::9 ;"Publishers of"::6;"CELTIC REVISION AIDS" d 500: xBf$="INSTRUCTIONS":v=0:m=10 :f=995:910 ::"The chemistry revision and test tape is arranged as ten separately loadable programmes. The first of these programmes (which you are running now) gives all the details relevantto the tape." :"On side one of the tapethe programmes ""directions"",""section 1"", ""section 2"", ""section 3"" and ""section 4"" are recorded." j:"Side two contains ""section 5"",""section 6"", ""section 7"", ""section 8"" and ""tests""."  500: -;3;6;"INSTRUCTIONS CONTINUED" r:"Each programme can be loaded independently in the normal wayby loading the programme names given above." :"Additionally, at the end of eachprogramme, the next programme on the index can be loaded automatically if required." z:"An index of the programmes is given on the next display page. Operating instructions follow the programme index."  500: *2;" Programme Index and Content" :4;"""section 1""":"Atomic Structure, Elements,"'"Compounds, Mixtures,"'"Chemical and Physical Changes,"'"Covalent and Electrovalent Bonds"'"Electrolytes." :4;"""section 2""":"Empirical Formula,"'"Composition By Weight, The Mole,"'"S.T.P., Volume Of Gases,"'"Volumetric Analysis." ~:4;"""section 3""":"Acids, Bases, Salts,"'"Kinds Of Chemical Reactions,"'"Equilibrium,"'"Heat Of Neutralization."  500: *2;" Programme Index and Content" <:4;"""section 4""":"Hydrogen,"'"Water,"'"Oxygen." n:'4;"""section 5""":"Carbon, Carbon Dioxide,"'"Carbonates, Carbon Monoxide,"'"Organic Chemistry." W:'4;"section 6""":"Nitrogen, Ammonia,"'"Oxides Of Nitrogen,"'"Nitric Acid."  500: *2;" Programme Index and Content" "u:4;"""section 7""":"Sulphur, Hydrogen Sulphide,"'"Sulphur Dioxide,"'"Sulphur Trioxide,"'"Sulphuric Acid." #H:'4;"""section 8""":"Halogens And Their Compounds,"'"Metals." ,1:'4;"""tests""":"20 Sample Questions." 6 500: @M. G. Fincher T 1000 h rx;"OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS": |"Each question contains five possible answers. To select the correct answer press a,b,c,d or e(as appropriate) then ENTER." @"Errors can be erased by pressingDELETE (caps shift and 0).": "Following the selection of the correct answer you can move to the next question by pressing SPACE, or run the sample answer by pressing ENTER." T:"If the selected answer is wrong the sample answer is displayedautomatically."  500: )x;"OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS CONTINUED": r"After a sample answer display press SPACE for the next question or ENTER to rerun the same question." ̚:"At the end of each programme press ""n"" to load the next programme, press ""r"" to rerun the same programme or press ""b"" to goto BASIC." ֹ:"At all points in the programmes where a user response is needed you will be prompted with the appropriate options. Therefore, it is NOT necessary to memorise these instructions."  500 #:h$,l$:"directions","section 1"  9f$="End of "+h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2) & 900 0U10 ,0;x;"Press n then ENTER";y;" to auto-load programme ";2;l$ ::::x;"Press r then ENTER";y;" to rerun thisprogramme" D1::x;"Press b then ENTER";y;" to goto BASIC" N 800  X"k$="n"k$="r"k$="b"2000 b721,0;x;"Undefined key please re-select" l 1870N k$="n"21004 k$="r"5 L:5,2;"RETURNING TO BASIC DESTROYS";8;"THIS PROGRAMME" E::x;"Press y to return to BASIC"''"Press any other key to abort" 0:i$= i$="y"i$="Y"  1800 4/:f$=" START THE TAPE ":v=5:m=8 > 900 H::l$ xyzvmf F CHEMISTRY -vUDGC &K\y 8x8͞ x<͞  ~%~%|Xg~ w$<<8$((!{\6X#6V+^!w#~!VUw+!~#~+w#w< $<0H xp0p0Px x@xx$$ffLRRRLx|LRDH^NP\RL0H x< << 8$>@ < <<$< 8$<$$<   $$ff(<x|88 0H x< <<DHW)Bisection 1 3 %3J 38x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::1400x g64999:x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::5,3;"Please leave tape running" "UDGC"65000,536 Q:70F:f$=" STOP THE TAPE ":v=10 :m=8:f=980:910  500 ( 5 FC2;"CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION PRACTICE";11 ;"AND TESTS": d n%2;"Q";q;0,12 ;h$  ques n=65195 n=1230  a;"a) ";a$ b;"b) ";b$ c;"c) ";c$ d;"d) ";d$ e;"e) ";e$  a=y:b=y:c=y:d=y:e=y  ,""300, 6=""3106 @=32 J?21,0;x;"Undefined key?";y;" please try again " T 300, ^""350^ h=""360h r=32 Ŧ=13 | 350^  q=q+1 ques,a$,b$,c$,d$,e$,w$,s  n=f17 /n,0;" " n  B21,0;" ";x;" Press any key to continue ";y;" " ""510 =""520  &!a=0:b=0:c=0 0d=0:e=0 : X618,0;" " b619,0;" " l n=0100d:n   600X 18,0;2;f$  )n=65196:n=165136p  )n=65196:n=065136p    i$ *k$="":f=i$ 4f=0800  > n=1f Hi$(n)=32 860\ R k$=k$+i$(n) \n f  f=990  v,m;""; 23729\,v n=1̱f$ f 23728\,m:65000 m=m+1:n  1;f$(n);: %1;5;1;f$(n);: 2;f$(n);: 5;f$(n);:  250  100d ?21,0;x;"Please select your answer";y;" "  800  ~0k$="a"k$="b"k$="c"k$="d"k$="e"1180 ?21,0;x;"Undefined Key ?";y;" Please try again"  1050 k$w$1280 w$="a"a=5 w$="b"b=5 w$="c"c=5 w$="d"d=5 w$="e"e=5  100d =f$="CORRECT":f=995:v=0:m=25:910 B20,0;"Use ";x;"ENTER";y;" for answer explanation" B21,0;"Use ";x;"SPACE";y;" for the next question "  350^ =13 1300 =32 C20,0;x;"Wrong-Correct answer is ";w$;" ";:" "  I21,0;x;"Answer explanation follows";:" ":350^  s (B20,0;"Use ";x;"ENTER";y;" to rerun this question" 2B21,0;"Use ";x;"SPACE";y;" for the next question " Z=32 d=13 1000 n 1320( x:q=0::250  h$,l$,qty  70F :f$=h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2):900 -:::7;2;"Programme Content"  2010 !f$=" CELTIC REVISION SOFTWARE" v=18:m=3  900  500: k=1qty  750:65195,0  400  1000 k  9f$="End of "+h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2) " 900 ,U10 ,0;x;"Press n then ENTER";y;" to auto-load programme ";2;l$ 6:::x;"Press r then ENTER";y;" to rerun thisprogramme" @1::x;"Press b then ENTER";y;" to goto BASIC" J 800  T"k$="n"k$="r"k$="b"1700 ^721,0;x;"Undefined key please re-select" h 1610J k$="n"1800 k$="r"5 L:5,2;"RETURNING TO BASIC DESTROYS";8;"THIS PROGRAMME" E::x;"Press y to return to BASIC"''"Press any other key to abort" 0:i$= i$="y"i$="Y"  1550 /:f$=" START THE TAPE ":v=5:m=8  900 :: l$ ""Section 1","section 2",12 ک8,7;"Atomic Structure"''" Elements Compounds Mixtures"''" Chemical and Physical Changes"''"Covalent and Electrovalent Bonds"''9 ;"Electrolytes": >"The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is its:"  o2500 ,"atomicity","relative molecular mass","relative atomic mass","atomic number","mole","d",2520 ؛"Matter is made up of small"'"particles called atoms."''"An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical change." <"An atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons." a'"The nucleus of an atom contains neutrons (mass=1, charge=O) and protons (mass=1, charge=+1)." e'"The nucleus is surrounded by electrons. An electron has almost no mass and a charge of-1" 2'"Number of protons equals number of electrons."  "The average mass of one atom of an element compared with themass of one atom of the carbon-12 isotope (taken as 12.000000) is its:"  o3000 ,"atomicity","relative molecular mass","relative atomic mass","atomic number","mole","c",3030 ִ"Atoms and molecules are too light to be weighed individually. Instead, the masses of atoms and molecules are compared with the mass of one atom of the" D770::19;""'"carbon-12 isotope, C."'19;""  Q"Atoms with the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons are:"  T3500 ,"isobars","isotherms","isomers","isomorphous","isotopes","e",3530 l"Atoms with the same atomic number have the same number of protons and belong to the same element." Ԯ'"The atoms may have differentnumbers of neutrons and the relative atomic mass of the element is the average of therelative atomic masses of the isotopes." '"Hydrogen has three isotopes:"''"Hydrogen - one proton, one electron."'"Deuterium - one proton, one neutron, one electron."'"Tritium - one proton, two neutrons, one electron." 500: X0,22;"35 37"'1,24;"Cl & Cl";2,22;"17 17" +1,0;"Chlorine has isotopes:" J''''"35 17 protons"'" Cl has 18 neutrons"'"17 17 electrons"  I'''"37 17 protons"'" Cl has 20 neutrons"'"17 17 electrons"  500: d'"Relative atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopesof an element compared with the" G770:5,21;""'"mass of one atom of C."'," " $ ."Which of the following"'"are elements?" a'"1 oxygen"'"2 salt"'"3 hydrogen"'"4 sulphur"'"5 sugar"'"6 carbon"'"7 water"'"8 carbon dioxide"  ~4000,"1, 2 and 3 only","1, 4 and 6 only","1, 3, 4 and 6 only","3, 6, 7 and 8 only","5, 6, 7 and 8 only","c",4040 ȟ"An element is a substance that cannot be split into any simplersubstances by chemical or physical means."''"e.g. oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur, carbon."  /"Which of the following"'"are compounds?" a'"1 oxygen"'"2 salt"'"3 hydrogen"'"4 sulphur"'"5 sugar"'"6 carbon"'"7 water"'"8 carbon dioxide"  ~4500,"1, 2 and 3 only","3, 5 and 6 only","2, 5, 7 and 8 only","1, 3, 4 and 7 only","2, 3, 5 and 8 only","c",4540 o"A compound is formed when two ormore elements combine in such a way as to change their properties." @'"Salt consists of sodium and chlorine combined together." y'"Sugar (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)."''"Water (hydrogen and oxygen)."''"Carbon dioxide (carbon and oxygen)."  ."Which of the following refer to a mixture?" '"1 Ratio of components fixed"'"2 Ratio of components variable"'"3 Properties differ from those of its components"'"4 Properties are the same as those of its components"'"5 Easily separated into its"'" components"'"6 Formed by a chemical change"  l5000,"2 and 3 only","2 and 6 only","1 and 3 only","2, 4 and 5 only","1, 3 and 6 only","d",5040 "The ratio of the constituents ofa mixture is variable and they retain their properties. They are usually easily separated andthe formation of a mixture is a physical change." '"The ratio of the constituents ofa compound is fixed and theproperties of the compound differ from those of the individual components." k"It is not easily broken into itsconstituents and the formation of a compound is a chemical"'"reaction."  |6"Which of the following refer to a physical change?" '"1 No new substance formed"'"2 New substance formed"'"3 Easily reversible"'"4 Usually not easily reversible"'"5 Little or no heat change"'"6 Usually heat given out or taken in"  o5500|,"1, 3 and 5 only","1 and 4 only","2, 4 and 6 only","3 and 6 only","2, 3 and 5 only","a",5540 _"There is no change in mass in a physical change."''"2, 4 and 6 refer to a chemical change." '"The masses of the individual products of a chemical change differ from the masses of the original reactants."''"There is no overall change in the total mass."  p2"Which of the following are"'"physical changes?" z'"1 Ice melting to water"'"2 Magnesium burning in oxygen"'"3 Magnetization of iron"'"4 Iron rusting"'"5 Salt dissolving in water"  k6000p,"1 and 3 only","2 and 4 only","1, 3 and 5 only","3, 4 and 5 only","all of them","c",6040 K"2 and 4 are chemical reactions."''"Magnesium burns to magnesium"'"oxide" !'" 2Mg(s) + O(g) 2MgO(s)" P'"Iron rusts to hydrated iron"'"oxide in the presence of oxygen and moisture."  d5"Which of the following refer to covalent bonding?" n'"1 Sharing electrons between two atoms"'"2 Transferring electrons from one atom to another"'"3 Discrete molecules formed"'"4 Ions formed"'"5 Atoms attain full electron shells" x Z6500d,"1 only","2 only","5 only","1, 3 and 5 only","2, 4 and 5 only","d",6540 $"2, 4, 5 refer to electrovalency." '"In metals, electrons are shared amongst all the atoms in the lattice."''"The number of covalent bondsformed by an atom is its covalency." a'"The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom forming ionic bonds is its electrovalency." T'"A particle which has gained an electron is an anion (negative ion), e.g. Cl." S"A particle which has lost an electron is a cation (positive ion), e.g. Na."  X8"Which of the following refer to a covalent compound?" b'"1 Lattice consists of ions"'"2 Lattice consists of molecules"'"3 High melting point"'"4 Low melting point"'"5 Usually liquid or gas"'"6 Insulator" l vr7000X,"1 and 3 only","4 and 5 only","2, 3 and 5 only","1, 3 and 6 only","2, 4, 5 and 6 only","e",7035{ {"Covalent compounds consist of discrete molecules and do not contain ions. They have low melting points and boiling points and are usually liquids or gases." ~B'"They are non-electrolytes and dissolve in organic solvents." e'"Electrovalent compounds are ionic and usually hard, brittle solids with high melting points." '"They conduct electricity in solution or when molten and are decomposed by the current, the products being formed at the electrodes."  500: '"In metals, the lattice consists of cations and delocalised electrons. Metals are ductile, malleable, and conduct heat and electricity." `'"In macromolecules, such as carbon, the lattice consists of atoms and shared electrons."  L"An electrolyte is:" V `?7500L,"a covalent liquid","a substance which when molten or dissolved in water, conducts electricity and is decomposed by it","a carboxylic acid containing -COOH","a compound which can be acidic or basic in solution","a compound formed by the absorption of energy","b",7530j j''"The decomposition by a current is electrolysis, the products are formed at the electrodes andthe concentration of the electrolyte decreases." t @"When a current is passed throughan aqueous solution of copper sulphate with copper electrodes,which of the following occur?" J T8000@,"copper deposited at cathode, oxygen formed at anode","oxygen formed at cathode, copper deposited at anode" ^"copper deposited at cathode, copper ions dissolve at anode","hydrogen formed at cathode, oxygen formed at anode","copper ions dissolve at cathode, copper deposited at anode","c",8040h h$"At copper cathode: Cu+2e Cu" rD'"At copper anode: Cu Cu+2e and anode passes into solution." |R'"If anode is platinum, hydroxyl ions are discharged and oxygen is liberated." '" 2OH HO + O + 2e" Y'"Excess H from the water molecules with sulphate ions form sulphuric acid." B'"If cathode is platinum or copper, copper is deposited."  xyzqabcdeH Section 1L section 2t vm fF CELTIC REVISION SOFTWAREwUDGC %K\y 8x8͞ x<͞  ~%~%|Xg~ w$<<8$((!{\6X#6V+^!w#~!VUw+!~#~+w#w< $<0H xp0p0Px x@xx$$ffLRRRLx|LRDH^NP\RL0H x< << 8$>@ < <<$< 8$<$$<   $$ff(<x|88 0H x< <<DHW)Bgsection 2 8 8+88x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::1400x g64999:x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::5,3;"Please leave tape running" "UDGC"65000,536 Q:70F:f$=" STOP THE TAPE ":v=10 :m=8:f=980:910  500 ( 5 FC2;"CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION PRACTICE";11 ;"AND TESTS": d n%2;"Q";q;0,12 ;h$  ques n=65195 n=1230  a;"a) ";a$ b;"b) ";b$ c;"c) ";c$ d;"d) ";d$ e;"e) ";e$  a=y:b=y:c=y:d=y:e=y  ,""300, 6=""3106 @=32 J?21,0;x;"Undefined key?";y;" please try again " T 300, ^""350^ h=""360h r=32 Ŧ=13 | 350^  q=q+1 ques,a$,b$,c$,d$,e$,w$,s  n=f17 /n,0;" " n  B21,0;" ";x;" Press any key to continue ";y;" " ""510 =""520  &!a=0:b=0:c=0 0d=0:e=0 : X618,0;" " b619,0;" " l n=0100d:n   600X 18,0;2;f$  )n=65196:n=165136p  )n=65196:n=065136p    i$ *k$="":f=i$ 4f=0800  > n=1f Hi$(n)=32 860\ R k$=k$+i$(n) \n f  f=990  v,m;""; 23729\,v n=1̱f$ f 23728\,m:65000 m=m+1:n  1;f$(n);: %1;5;1;f$(n);: 2;f$(n);: 5;f$(n);:  250  100d ?21,0;x;"Please select your answer";y;" "  800  ~0k$="a"k$="b"k$="c"k$="d"k$="e"1180 ?21,0;x;"Undefined Key ?";y;" Please try again"  1050 k$w$1280 w$="a"a=5 w$="b"b=5 w$="c"c=5 w$="d"d=5 w$="e"e=5  100d =f$="CORRECT":f=995:v=0:m=25:910 B20,0;"Use ";x;"ENTER";y;" for answer explanation" B21,0;"Use ";x;"SPACE";y;" for the next question "  350^ =13 1300 =32 C20,0;x;"Wrong-Correct answer is ";w$;" ";:" "  I21,0;x;"Answer explanation follows";:" ":350^  s (B20,0;"Use ";x;"ENTER";y;" to rerun this question" 2B21,0;"Use ";x;"SPACE";y;" for the next question " Z=32 d=13 1000 n 1320( x:q=0::250  h$,l$,qty  70F :f$=h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2):900 -:::7;2;"Programme Content"  2010 !f$=" CELTIC REVISION SOFTWARE" v=18:m=3  900  500: k=1qty  750:65195,0  400  1000 k  9f$="End of "+h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2) " 900 ,U10 ,0;x;"Press n then ENTER";y;" to auto-load programme ";2;l$ 6:::x;"Press r then ENTER";y;" to rerun thisprogramme" @1::x;"Press b then ENTER";y;" to goto BASIC" J 800  T"k$="n"k$="r"k$="b"1700 ^721,0;x;"Undefined key please re-select" h 1610J k$="n"1800 k$="r"5 L:5,2;"RETURNING TO BASIC DESTROYS";8;"THIS PROGRAMME" E::x;"Press y to return to BASIC"''"Press any other key to abort" 0:i$= i$="y"i$="Y"  1550 /:f$=" START THE TAPE ":v=5:m=8  900 :: l$ ""Section 2","section 3",10 8,7;"Empirical Formula"'10 ,5;"Composition By Weight"'12 ,7;"The Mole S.T.P."'14,8;"Volume of Gases"'16,6;"Volumetric Analysis": "6.4g sulphur combine with 11.2g of iron filings."''"The empirical formula for the compound formed is:"''," [S=32, Fe=56]"  ?2500 ,"FeS","FeS","FeS","FeS","FeS","a",2530 R"The empirical formula indicates the ratio of the different atomsin a molecule." A:7;"11.2 6.4"'"Fe:S = : "'8;"56 32" %'" = 0.2 : 0.2"''" = 1 : 1" ''" Empirical Formula = FeS"  y"When 7.15g of sodium carbonate crystals, NaCO.yHO are heated to constant weight, the residue weighs 2.65g." '"The value of y is:" %'" [H=1, C=12, O=16, Na=23]"  03000 ,"1","0","6","10","5","d",3035 "H=1, C=12, O=16, Na=23" #'" NaCO.yHO NaCO + yHO" ,'"Using the atomic weights the ratio:-" B'6;"NaCO.yHO"'6;""'9 ;"NaCO" O'6;"2x23+12+3x16+18y"'" = "'8;"2x23+12+3x16" 0'" 106+18y"'" = "'" 106" Tf$="Equate the ratio with the experimental results.":700:500: I" 106+18y 7.15"'" = "'" 106 2.65" Q''" 7.15x106 - 2.65x106"'" y = "'12 ;"18 x 2.65" &4''" 4.5x106 "'" y = "'" 18x2.65" 08f$="Divide top and bottom by 5.":700:500 :J480,92\:24,0:72H,76L:32 ,0 D09 ,7;".9";13 ,10 ;".53" N&f$="Simplify.":700:500 XE10 ,0;" 0.9x106 "'" y = "'" 18x0.53 " b09 ,7;" ";13 ,10 ;" " l9f$="Divide top and bottom by 53.":700:500 vJ80P,92\:24,0:72H,76L:32 ,0 09 ,11 ;"2";13 ,10 ;".01" &f$="Simplify.":700:500 H10 ,0;" 1.8 "'" y = "'" 0.18 " 09 ,11 ;" ";13 ,10 ;" " +f$="Therefore y is":700:500 D10 ,0;" 4.5x106 "'" y = "'" 18x2.65" '" y = 10" 600X:650 H ["The mass of 0.1 mole of sodium carbonate, NaCO, is:"''12 ;"[C=12, O=16, Na=23]"  ?3500 ,"10.6g","5.3g","21.2g","106g","53g","a",3530 ʚ"The mole is the amount of a substance containing as many elementary particles as there are carbon atoms in 0.012kg of the carbon-12 isotope." c770:'"This number is Avogadro's number. It is 6.02 x10 particles per mole." ޛ'"The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams which is numerically equal to the relative atomic or molecular mass of the substance." f750:f$="Calculate the mass of one mole of sodium carbonate, NaCO":700:500: A750:'"The mass of 0.1 mole of sodium carbonate, NaCO" Y'''" 2x23+12+3x16 106"'"= g = = 10.6g"'" 10 10"  E"The mass of 11.2dm of ammonia gas at s.t.p. is:"'',"[H=1, N=14]"  <4000,"17g","34g","1.7g","3.4g","8.5g","e",4030 n"s.t.p. is standard temperature and pressure."'"Temperature = 0C or 273K"'"Pressure = 1atm or 760mm Hg" :'"The volume of one mole of a gas at s.t.p. = 22.4dm" ='"Mass of 22.4dm ammonia at s.t.p. = 14+3 =17g" a'"Mass of 11.2dm ammonia"'''" 17x11.2 17"'" = = =8.5g"'" 22.4 2"  "The volume of ammonia gas formedwhen 9dm of hydrogen react withexcess nitrogen, all volumes being measured at s.t.p., is:"  >4500,"3dm","1dm","2dm","6dm","9dm","d",4530 " N + 3H 2NH" " 1vol 3vol 2vol" k''"3vol hydrogen form 2vol ammonia"''"3dm hydrogen form 2dm ammonia"''"9dm hydrogen form 6dm ammonia"  q"The volume of a fixed mass of gas at 13C and a pressure of 836mm is 1200cm."''"Its volume at s.t.p. is:"  J5000,"630cm","1382cm","555cm","1260cm","794cm","d",5030 "Boyle's law: The volume of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, ifthe temperature remains constant." '"Charles' law: The volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin (absolute) temperature if its pressure remains constant." '"These laws give:" 4'" PV PV"'" = "'" T T" >f$="Calculate the volume of the gas":700:500: 4'" PV PV"'" = "'" T T" 3'"s.t.p. = 273K, 760mm pressure"'"13C = 286K" A'" 836x1200 760xV"'" = "'" 286 273" '14,8;"V = " @13 ,13 ;"836x1200x273";15,15;"286x760"  9f$="Divide top and bottom by 11.":700:500 L120x,524:24,0:104h,68D:24,0 112 ,13 ;"76";16,15;"26" (&f$="Simplify.":700:500 2@13 ,13 ;" 76x1200x273";15,15;" 26x760" <112 ,13 ;" ";16,15;" " F9f$="Divide top and bottom by 13.":700:500 PL128,524:16,0:176,68D:24,0 Z012 ,23;"21";16,16;"2" d&f$="Simplify.":700:500 n012 ,23;" ";16,16;" " xA13 ,13 ;" 76x1200x21 ";15,15;" 2x760" 9f$="Divide top and bottom by 76.":700:500 L152,524:24,0:112p,68D:16,0 012 ,14;"1";16,20;"10" &f$="Simplify.":700:500 ]13 ,13 ;"1200x21 ";15,15;"20 ";14,20;" " 012 ,14;" ";16,20;" " Ff$="Divide top and bottom by 20 and simplify.":700:500 @13 ,13 ;"836x1200x273";15,15;"286x760" '14,8;"V = " +600X:18,11 ;"= 1260cm"  |"When strongly heated, 10g calcium carbonate form 1680cm carbon dioxide measured at s.t.p."''"The purity of the calcium carbonate is:"''10 ;"[C=12, O=16, Ca=40]"  @5500|,"13.3%","26.6%","75%","150%","37.5%","c",5530 B" CaCO CaO + CO"'" 40+12+48 22.4dm"'" 100" T'"When heated, 1 mole of calcium carbonate yields 1 mole of carbon dioxide." 8'"Vol. of 1 mole of carbon dioxideat s.t.p. = 22.4dm" 4'"Mass of CaCO forming"'"22.4dm of CO = 100g" Z'"Mass of CaCO forming"'17;"100"'"1cm of CO = "'14;"22.4x1000" Uf$="Calculate the mass of CaCO forming 1680cm of CO":700:500: +'"Mass of CaCO forming"'"1680cm of CO" G4,9 ;"100x1680"'" = "'9 ;"22.4x1000" Ff$="Divide top and bottom by 100 andsimplify.":700:500 G4,9 ;"1680 "'" = "'9 ;"224 " '" = 7.5g" Hf$="Calculate the percentage purity.":700:500:600X v\11 ,20;"7.5"'"Percentage purity = x 100"'20;"10"''18;"= 75%" f 650: p`"The mass of solute in 2dm of 0.5M of sodium hydroxide is:"''10 ;"[H=1, O=16, Na=23]" z 86000p,"40g","4g","16g","80g","20g","a",6030 R"A molar solution contains one mole of a solute dissolved in 1dm solution." 7'"Mass of 1 mole of NaOH= 23+16+1"''22;"= 40g" V'"Mass of NaOH in 2dm"'"of 0.5M solution";22;"= 40x2x0.5"''22;"= 40g"  dq"The volume of 0.1M hydrochloric acid needed to neutralize 27.5cm of 0.1M sodium carbonate is:" n xK6500d,"27.5cm","55cm","2.75cm","13.75cm","5.5cm","b",6530 2" 2HCl + NaCO 2NaCl+CO+HO 2moles 1mole" :''"No. of moles of NaCO in 1dm of 0.1M soln. =0.1" ;''"No. of moles of NaCO in 27.5cm of 0.1M soln." ='8;"0.1x27.5"'6;"= "'10 ;"1000" '6;"= 0.00275 moles"  500: d'"1 mole NaCO reacts with 2 molesHCl"'" 0.00275 moles NaCO reacts with 2x0.00275 moles HCl." T'"0.1 moles HCl contained in 1dm solution."'" 2x0.00275 moles HCl contained in:" K'" 1000x2x0.00275"'" cm soln."'" 0.1" '" = 55cm"  X~"1.07g ammonium chloride is boiled with 25cm of 2M sodium hydroxide solution until all theammonia has been expelled." bi'"The excess sodium hydroxide is titrated against M sulphuric acid."''"The volume of acid used is:" l5',"[H=1, N=14,"'," O=16, Na=23,"'," S=32, Cl=35.5]" q12 ,0;"": vC7000X,"10cm","15cm","20cm","30cm","50cm","b",7040 "In this experiment:" P'"1 Sodium hydroxide displaces ammonia from ammonium chloride." V'"2 The excess sodium hydroxide is neutralized by dilute sulphuric acid." ['" 1mole 1mole"'" NHCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NH(g) + NaCl(aq) + 2HO(l)" 4'"1 mole NHCl = 14+4+35.5"'" = 53.5g" G'15;"1.07"'"1.07g NHCl = = 0.02 moles"'15;"53.5"  500: 4'"0.02 moles NHCl react with 0.02 moles NaOH" -'"No. of moles NaOH in 25cm of 2M soln." 2'" 2x25"'" = = 0.05 moles"'" 1000" E'"No. of moles NaOH in excess"''" = 0.05 - 0.02"''" = 0.03 moles"  500: Z'" 2moles 1mole"'"2NaOH(aq) + HSO(aq) NaSO(aq) + 2HO(l)" B'"2 moles NaOH react with 1 mole HSO 0.03 moles react with" K'" 1x0.03"'" moles HSO"'" 2"''" = 0.015 moles HSO"  j'"1 mole HSO in 1dm of M soln."''" 0.015 moles HSO in"'"1000x0.015cm M HSO"'" = 15cm M HSO" B xyzqabcdet vm f  ueXsA10cmB15cmC20cmD30cmE50cmWbIrKrH Section 2L section 3F CELTIC REVISION SOFTWAREvUDGC  K\y 8x8͞ x<͞  ~%~%|Xg~ w$<<8$((!{\6X#6V+^!w#~!VUw+!~#~+w#w< $<0H xp0p0Px x@xx$$ffLRRRLx|LRDH^NP\RL0H x< << 8$>@ < <<$< 8$<$$<   $$ff(<x|88 0H x< <<DHW)B}section 3 _, +1a,8x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::1400x g64999:x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::5,3;"Please leave tape running" "UDGC"65000,536 Q:70F:f$=" STOP THE TAPE ":v=10 :m=8:f=980:910  500 ( 5 FC2;"CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION PRACTICE";11 ;"AND TESTS": d n%2;"Q";q;0,12 ;h$  ques n=65195 n=1230  a;"a) ";a$ b;"b) ";b$ c;"c) ";c$ d;"d) ";d$ e;"e) ";e$  a=y:b=y:c=y:d=y:e=y  ,""300, 6=""3106 @=32 J?21,0;x;"Undefined key?";y;" please try again " T 300, ^""350^ h=""360h r=32 Ŧ=13 | 350^  q=q+1 ques,a$,b$,c$,d$,e$,w$,s  n=f17 /n,0;" " n  B21,0;" ";x;" Press any key to continue ";y;" " ""510 =""520  &!a=0:b=0:c=0 0d=0:e=0 : X618,0;" " b619,0;" " l n=0100d:n   600X 18,0;2;f$  )n=65196:n=165136p  )n=65196:n=065136p    i$ *k$="":f=i$ 4f=0800  > n=1f Hi$(n)=32 860\ R k$=k$+i$(n) \n f  f=990  v,m;""; 23729\,v n=1̱f$ f 23728\,m:65000 m=m+1:n  1;f$(n);: %1;5;1;f$(n);: 2;f$(n);: 5;f$(n);:  250  100d ?21,0;x;"Please select your answer";y;" "  800  ~0k$="a"k$="b"k$="c"k$="d"k$="e"1180 ?21,0;x;"Undefined Key ?";y;" Please try again"  1050 k$w$1280 w$="a"a=5 w$="b"b=5 w$="c"c=5 w$="d"d=5 w$="e"e=5  100d =f$="CORRECT":f=995:v=0:m=25:910 B20,0;"Use ";x;"ENTER";y;" for answer explanation" B21,0;"Use ";x;"SPACE";y;" for the next question "  350^ =13 1300 =32 C20,0;x;"Wrong-Correct answer is ";w$;" ";:" "  I21,0;x;"Answer explanation follows";:" ":350^  s (B20,0;"Use ";x;"ENTER";y;" to rerun this question" 2B21,0;"Use ";x;"SPACE";y;" for the next question " Z=32 d=13 1000 n 1320( x:q=0::250  h$,l$,qty  70F :f$=h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2):900 -:::7;2;"Programme Content"  2010 !f$=" CELTIC REVISION SOFTWARE" v=18:m=3  900  500: k=1qty  750:65195,0  400  1000 k  9f$="End of "+h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2) " 900 ,U10 ,0;x;"Press n then ENTER";y;" to auto-load programme ";2;l$ 6:::x;"Press r then ENTER";y;" to rerun thisprogramme" @1::x;"Press b then ENTER";y;" to goto BASIC" J 800  T"k$="n"k$="r"k$="b"1700 ^721,0;x;"Undefined key please re-select" h 1610J k$="n"1800 k$="r"5 L:5,2;"RETURNING TO BASIC DESTROYS";8;"THIS PROGRAMME" E::x;"Press y to return to BASIC"''"Press any other key to abort" 0:i$= i$="y"i$="Y"  1550 /:f$=" START THE TAPE ":v=5:m=8  900 :: l$ ""Section 3","section 4",10 څ8,5;"Acids Bases Salts"''" Kinds of Chemical Reactions"''" Equilibrium"''" Heat of Neutralization": 4"Which of the following reactionsrefer to acids?" Γ'"1 Turn blue litmus red"'"2 Form hydrogen with metals"'"3 Form salts with bases"'" and alkalis"'"4 Displace carbon dioxide"'" from carbonates"  b2500 ,"1 only","1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","all of them","e",2540 "An acid is a compound which, when dissolved in water, forms hydrogen ions, H as the only positive ion."''"The hydrogen ion is usually hydrated, HO."  /"The basicity of ethanoic acid, CHCOOH is:"  /3000 ,"1","2","3","4","5","a",3030 o"The basicity of an acid is"'"numerically equal to the number of hydrogen ions formed by one molecule." !''" CHCOOH CHCOO + H"  -"Which of the following referto bases?" '"1 Turn red litmus blue"'"2 In the presence of water,"'" displace ammonia from ammonium compounds"'"3 Neutralize acids to form salts and water only"'"4 If soluble in water, form"'" alkalis"  b3500 ,"1 only","1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","all of them","e",3540 D"A base is a substance which can combine with a hydrogen ion, H." ޠ'"A basic oxide (or hydroxide) is a metallic oxide (or hydroxide) which contains O (or OH) and which reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only." ?'"An alkali is a basic hydroxide which is soluble in water." l'"Neutralization is the reactionbetween an acid and a base inwhich water and a salt only are formed."  0"Which of the following are acid salts?" '"1 Sodium carbonate"'"2 Sodium hydrogencarbonate"'"3 Sodium sulphate"'"4 Sodium hydrogensulphate"'"5 Sodium sulphide"'"6 Sodium hydrogensulphide"  k4000,"1 and 2 only","3 and 4 only","1, 3 and 5 only","2, 4 and 6 only","all of them","d",4040  "1, 3 and 5 are normal salts." `'"A salt is formed by the"'"replacement of the hydrogen ionsof an acid by metallic ions." q'"A normal salt consists of positive metallic ions and negative ions from an acid e.g. NaCO." Q'"An acid salt is a salt which canionize to yield hydrogen ions e.g. NaHCO." X'"A basic salt is a salt which also contains hydroxyl or oxide ions e.g. Zn(OH)Cl."  U"Which of the following reactionscan be used to prepare crystals of zinc sulphate?" '"Dilute sulphuric acid and:" A'"1 zinc oxide"'"2 zinc"'"3 zinc carbonate"'"4 zinc hydroxide"  b4500,"1 only","1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","all of them","e",4550 C"Excess zinc or zinc compound is added to dilute sulphuric acid." F''"ZnO(s) + HSO(aq) ZnSO(aq) + HO(l)" F''"Zn(s) + HSO(aq) ZnSO(aq) + H(g)" F''"ZnCO(s) + HSO(aq) ZnSO(aq) + HO(l) + CO(g)" F''"Zn(OH)(s) + HSO(aq) ZnSO(aq) + 2HO(l)"  500: A"The procedure for preparing crystals of zinc sulphate is:" ''"Unused solid filtered off."''"Filtrate heated until saturated."''"Liquid cooled and white"'"crystals formed."''"Crystals dried by filter paper."''"Crystals recrystallised from distilled water and dried." $ d"When calcium carbonate is heatedcalcium oxide and carbon dioxideare formed."''"This reaction is:"  i5000,"reduction","fermentation","oxidation","distillation","thermal decomposition","e",5030 /"The reaction is thermal"'"decomposition." 9::11 ;"heat"'" CaCO(s) CaO(s) + CO(g)"  |k"When carbon dioxide is passed over heated charcoal, carbon monoxide is formed."''"The reaction is:"  i5500|,"reduction","fermentation","oxidation","distillation","thermal decomposition","a",5530 S"Reduction is the removal of oxygen or the gain of one or more electrons." _"An element is reduced when its oxidation number becomes more negative or less positive." W'"Oxidation involves combination with oxygen or the loss of one or more electrons." _"An element is oxidised when its oxidation number becomes more positive or less negative." d'"A reducing agent is a donor of electrons."''"An oxidising agent is an"'"acceptor of electrons."  500: 4'"Reduction and oxidation always occur together." '"for example:" F''" Fe(aq) + Cl(g) Fe(aq) + Cl(aq)" \''"Iron(ii) ions are oxidised to iron(iii) ions by chlorine whichis an oxidising agent."   pM"The production of ethanol by theaction of yeast on glucose"'"solution is:" z i6000p,"reduction","fermentation","oxidation","distillation","thermal decomposition","b",6030 d"Yeast is a plant (a fungus) which obtains energy from sugarsas it grows during fermentation." F''"C";:770:"H";:750:"O(aq) 2CHOH(aq)+2CO(g)" ''"The ethanol is separated from the reaction mixture by"'"fractional distillation."''"Ethanol has a lower boiling point than water."  dc"Heat is given out in the reaction H(g)+I(g)2HI(g) when hydrogen iodide is formed." x]"If equilibrium is established and the temp. of the reaction vessel is raised. Then:" '"1 equilibrium moves to the left"'"2 concentration of HI decreases"'"3 equilibrium moves to the right"'"4 concentration of HI increases"'"5 there is no change"  `6500d,"1 and 2 only","3 and 4 only","1 and 4 only","3 and 2 only","5 only","a",6550 "LE CHATELIER'S PRINCIPLE:" "If a chemical reaction is inequilibrium and one of the factors involved in the equilibrium is changed, the equilibrium shifts so as to annul the effect of the change." J'"In this reaction heat is given out when hydrogen iodide is"'"formed." 8'"Heat is absorbed when hydrogen iodide dissociates." R'"To annul the effect of raising the temperature, hydrogen iodidedissociates."  X;"In an experiment to measure the heat of neutralization:" b'"Vol. of 2M HCl = 25cm"'"Vol. of 2M NaOH = 25cm"'"Initial temp. of liquids= 16C"'"Final temp. of mixture = 29C"'"Heat capacity of water = 4.2Jg" l'"Heat of neutralization is:" v K7000X,"-54.6kJ","-38.92kJ","54.6kJ","-60.9kJ","130kJ","a",7050 $"HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)NaCl(aq)+HO(l)" 3'"Heat evolved = 50x13x4.2J"''13 ;"= 2730J" \'24;"2x25"'"25cm of 2M HCl contain "'24;"1000"''13 ;"=0.05 moles" :'"From the equation,"'"1 mole HCl produces 1 mole water" 8'"Heat given out in forming 0.05 moles water = 2730J" Wf$="Calculate the heat given out in forming 1 mole of water":700:500: _'"Heat given out in forming 1 mole"''14;"2730"'"of water = J"'14;"0.05" ,'14;"= 54600J"'14;"= 54.6kJ" %'"Heat of neutralization = -54.6kJ" B xyzvmfqabcdeH Section 3L section 4t F CELTIC REVISION SOFTWAREawUDGC %K\y 8x8͞ x<͞  ~%~%|Xg~ w$<<8$((!{\6X#6V+^!w#~!VUw+!~#~+w#w< $<0H xp0p0Px x@xx$$ffLRRRLx|LRDH^NP\RL0H x< << 8$>@ < <<$< 8$<$$<   $$ff(<x|88 0H x< <<DHW)Blsection 4 * r),x *8x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::1400x g64999:x=7:y=6:z=0:y:y:z::5,3;"Please leave tape running" "UDGC"65000,536 Q:70F:f$=" STOP THE TAPE ":v=10 :m=8:f=980:910  500 ( 5 FC2;"CHEMISTRY EXAMINATION PRACTICE";11 ;"AND TESTS": d n%2;"Q";q;0,12 ;h$  ques n=65195 n=1230  a;"a) ";a$ b;"b) ";b$ c;"c) ";c$ d;"d) ";d$ e;"e) ";e$  a=y:b=y:c=y:d=y:e=y  ,""300, 6=""3106 @=32 J?21,0;x;"Undefined key?";y;" please try again " T 300, ^""350^ h=""360h r=32 Ŧ=13 | 350^  q=q+1 ques,a$,b$,c$,d$,e$,w$,s  n=f17 /n,0;" " n  B21,0;" ";x;" Press any key to continue ";y;" " ""510 =""520  &!a=0:b=0:c=0 0d=0:e=0 : X618,0;" " b619,0;" " l n=0100d:n   600X 18,0;2;f$  )n=65196:n=165136p  )n=65196:n=065136p    i$ *k$="":f=i$ 4f=0800  > n=1f Hi$(n)=32 860\ R k$=k$+i$(n) \n f  f=990  v,m;""; 23729\,v n=1̱f$ f 23728\,m:65000 m=m+1:n  1;f$(n);: %1;5;1;f$(n);: 2;f$(n);: 5;f$(n);:  250  100d ?21,0;x;"Please select your answer";y;" "  800  ~0k$="a"k$="b"k$="c"k$="d"k$="e"1180 ?21,0;x;"Undefined Key ?";y;" Please try again"  1050 k$w$1280 w$="a"a=5 w$="b"b=5 w$="c"c=5 w$="d"d=5 w$="e"e=5  100d =f$="CORRECT":f=995:v=0:m=25:910 B20,0;"Use ";x;"ENTER";y;" for answer explanation" B21,0;"Use ";x;"SPACE";y;" for the next question "  350^ =13 1300 =32 C20,0;x;"Wrong-Correct answer is ";w$;" ";:" "  I21,0;x;"Answer explanation follows";:" ":350^  s (B20,0;"Use ";x;"ENTER";y;" to rerun this question" 2B21,0;"Use ";x;"SPACE";y;" for the next question " Z=32 d=13 1000 n 1320( x:q=0::250  h$,l$,qty  70F :f$=h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2):900 -:::7;2;"Programme Content"  2010 !f$=" CELTIC REVISION SOFTWARE" v=18:m=3  900  500: k=1qty  750:65195,0  400  1000 k  9f$="End of "+h$:v=3:m=((32 -f$)/2) " 900 ,U10 ,0;x;"Press n then ENTER";y;" to auto-load programme ";2;l$ 6:::x;"Press r then ENTER";y;" to rerun thisprogramme" @1::x;"Press b then ENTER";y;" to goto BASIC" J 800  T"k$="n"k$="r"k$="b"1700 ^721,0;x;"Undefined key please re-select" h 1610J k$="n"1800 k$="r"5 L:5,2;"RETURNING TO BASIC DESTROYS";8;"THIS PROGRAMME" E::x;"Press y to return to BASIC"''"Press any other key to abort" 0:i$= i$="y"i$="Y"  1550 /:f$=" START THE TAPE ":v=5:m=8  900 4:::2;" At the beginning of SIDE TWO":: l$ ""Section 4","section 5",10 G8,11 ;"Hydrogen"''11 ;"Water"''11 ;"Oxygen": K"In which of the following"'"reactions is hydrogen NOT formed?"  ؐ2500 ,"zinc + dilute sulphuric acid","copper + dilute nitric acid","potassium + water","sodium + ethanol","carbon + steam","b",2530 #"Zn(s)+HSO(aq)ZnSO(aq)+H(g)" "''"2K(s)+2HO(l)2KOH(aq)+H(g)" <''"2Na(s)+2CHOH(l)"''" 2CHONa(aq)+H(g)" ''"C(s)+HO(g)CO(g)+H(g)" '"Copper does not displace hydrogen. The reaction with nitric acid depends on the concentration of the acid." P"Nitric acid is an oxidising agent and oxides of nitrogenare formed."  :"Which of the following are true of hydrogen?"''"It is:" Q'"1 colourless"'"2 tasteless"'"3 odourless"'"4 neutral"'"5 less dense than air"  M3000 ,"1 only","2 only","3 only","4 only","all of them","e",3030 j"Hydrogen is a neutral gas which is less dense than air. It is colourless, tasteless and"'"odourless." 25: M"Which of the following types of combination are shown by hydrogen?" q'"1 Electrovalency forming"'" H or HO"''"2 Electrovalency forming H"''"3 Covalency"''"4 Hydrogen bonding"  M3500 ,"1 only","2 only","3 only","4 only","all of them","e",3540 `"A hydrogen atom may lose an electron forming H or hydrated HO like the alkali metals." N'"A hydrogen atom may accept an electron forming H like the halogens." b'"In many organic compounds, hydrogen combines by shared-paircovalency as in methane, CH." '"A hydrogen bond is the weakattraction or bond formed between an electronegative atom e.g. oxygen, and a hydrogen atomthat is covalently linked to another electronegative atom."  "A colourless liquid freezes at 0C, boils at 100C (at"'"atmospheric pressure), is neutral to litmus and turns white anhydrous copper sulphate blue."''"The liquid is:"  M4000,"ethanol","water","paraffin","methanol","mercury","b",4030 W"Water is a neutral, colourless liquid, boiling point 100C, freezing point 0C."  25: #"Which reactions will NOT occur?" 65195,1 '"a) Mg(s)+HO(g)MgO(s)+H(g)"''"b) Cl(g)+HO(l) HOCl(aq)+HCl(aq)"''"c) NaO(s)+HO(l)2NaOH(aq)" <'"d) CaC(s)+2HO(l) "'" Ca(OH)(aq)+CH(g)" $'e;"e) Cu(s)+HO(g)CuO(s)+H(g)"  *4500,"","","","","","e",4560 D"Copper does not react with liquid water or steam.":25  >"Temporary hardness of water is caused by the presence of:" l'"1 calcium hydrogencarbonate"'"2 calcium sulphate"'"3 magnesium hydrogencarbonate"'"4 magnesium sulphate"  Y5000,"1 only","2 only","1 and 3 only","2 and 4 only","all of them","c",5040 X"The sulphates of calcium andmagnesium cause permanent hardness of water." J'"A hard water is one which will not readily form a lather with soap." 5'"Temporary hard water is softenedby boiling, e.g." E'"Ca(HCO)(aq) CaCO(s)+CO(g)+HO(l)" J'"Permanent hard water is softenedby passing it through permutit, NaY." :'"NaY(s)+CaSO(aq)"'" CaY(s)+NaSO(aq)"  |_"Evaporation of a saturated solution of potassium nitrate gave the following results:" '"Mass of dish = 15.0g"'"Mass of dish + soln. = 27.5g"'"Mass of dish + KNO = 17.5g"'"Temp. of saturated soln.= 15C" @'"Solubility of potassium nitrate,per 100g water, at 15C is:"  95500|,"25g","20g","14g","83g","55g","a",5540 "The solubility of a solute in a solvent at a given temperature is the number of grams needed tosaturate 100 grams of solvent." k''"Mass of soln. = 27.5-15.0 =12.5g"'"Mass of KNO = 17.5-15.0 =2.5g"'"Mass of water = 12.5-2.5 =10.0g" E''"10.0g water dissolve 2.5g KNO"'"100g water dissolve 25g KNO"  p6"In which of the following is oxygen NOT formed?" z 6000p,"Action of heat on mercury(ii) oxide","Action of manganese(iv) oxide on hydrogen peroxide","Action of heat on marble","Action of heat on potassium chlorate and manganese(iv) oxide","Action of heat on potassium nitrate","c",6030 0"When marble is heated the reaction is:" '"CaCO(s) CaO(s) + CO(g)" 5'"Oxygen is formed in all the other reactions." '"2HgO(s) 2Hg(l)+O(g)" '"2HO(l) 2HO(l)+O(g)" 4'10 ;"MnO"'"2KClO(s) 2KCl(s)+3O(g)" '"2KNO(s) 2KNO(s)+O(g)" ` dn"A gas is colourless, odourless, tasteless, neutral to litmus andrekindles a glowing splint."''"The gas is:" n xU6500d,"hydrogen","oxygen","chlorine","carbon dioxide","methane","b",6530 "Oxygen is a neutral gas, which is colourless, odourless and tasteless. It will cause a glowing splint to burst into flame."  25: X3"Which of the following are acidic oxides?" b'"1 zinc oxide"'"2 carbon dioxide"'"3 sulphur dioxide"'"4 carbon monoxide"'"5 copper(ii) oxide"'"6 aluminium oxide"'"7 calcium oxide" l vo7000X,"1 and 4 only","4 and 7 only","2 and 3 only","1, 5, 6 and 7 only","2, 3 and 4 only","c",7040 "ACIDIC OXIDES: Oxides of non-metals are usually acidic, e.g. CO and SO. They may combine with water to form acids(acid anhydrides)." |'"BASIC OXIDES: Oxides of metals are usually basic, reacting withacids to form a salt and water only, e.g. CuO and CaO." X'"AMPHOTERIC OXIDES: React with acids and alkalis to form salts,e.g. ZnO and AlO." U'"NEUTRAL OXIDES: Show neither acidic nor basic properties, e.g. NO and CO."  500: '"PEROXIDES: Metallic oxides forming hydrogen peroxide with mineral acids; they contain the peroxide link -O-O- e.g. NaO." o'"HIGHER OXIDES: Contain more oxide than required by the usualvalency of the other elements, e.g. PbO." p'"COMPOUND OXIDES: Behave as if they consist of two different oxides, e.g. PbO behaves as PbO.2PbO."  500: ƀ'"VARIABLE VALENCY: Occurs in oxides when a metallic element shows different valencies e.g. MnO, MnO, MnO and MnO." ^'"SUB OXIDES: Contain the other element in a lower oxidation state than usual e.g. CO."  xyzqabcdeH Section 4L section 5t vmf F CELTIC REVISION SOFTWAREuUDGC K\y 8x8͞ x<͞  ~%~%|Xg~ w$<<8$((!{\6X#6V+^!w#~!VUw+!~#~+w#w< $<0H xp0p0Px x@xx$$ffLRRRLx|LRDH^NP\RL0H x< << 8$>@ < <<$< 8$<$$<   $$ff(<x|88 0H x< <<DHW)B