ZXTape! 0Created with Ramsoft MakeTZXTESTER -w *w 9/w e:7:2::10 ,0;"Press ";:"STOP";:" on your tape recorder":0 Z1:0,0;"Chemistry Tester":0:2,0;" Collins 1985"  3750  9000(#  9800H& ( 3750 2 3000 < 9500% A e=1c F 1000 P 3600 Z 3700t _ 3750 d ne x 1300 3750 502 ꏟ Start of routines  f$=w$(e) b=f$ $f$(b)" "f$=f$(b):1050  b=b-1  1020 511 ,0;" " 11 ,8;" "; ! 1 $x=1̱f$ .""; 8x = 0 B3,0;c$(e) G 0,0;"Question ";e L 618,0;" " 619,0;" "   )score=((correct/c)*100d+.5) (0,0;1;z$ 2f2,0;"In this test you got ";2;score;"% ";0;"of":"the questions correct." < F 1400x P U Z2:m$:0 d xscore90 Z"This is excellent! If you want to study this topic further and revise other aspectsof it you will find these programs helpful:":1490 sscore75K"This is a good score! Looking at these programs will help your revision-":1490 score502"You need to do a bit more revision!Try working through thefollowing programs and then testyourself again:":1490 score25"You need to revise this topic more thoroughly! Use the following programs to help you revise the topic again:":1490 m"You do not fully understand this topic. The following programs will help you to learn about it:"  < 1 A11 ,9 ;f$(1) Z "Chemistry tester","Atoms","States of matter","Bonding & structure","Rates & equilibria","Energy","Redox","Electrochemistry","Acids & bases","Air","Water","Metals","Carbon chemistry","Finish using the program","*" 7:0  7 3000 n=0 z$ z$="*"3100 n=n+1  3075  n=n-1 !#n>9 sp=1:3110& " sp=0 & 3000 + 1 .z$ 01,3;z$ 6 n=1 7 m=1 8z$ :z$="*"3200 D 4 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X 0 b(3+n),4;z$ l%sp=1n=n+1:3190v q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 2 &21,2;"Press a letter "; l$= 0 v=(l$) $v=77Mv=109m9700% v=42*9700% )v>64@v<(64@+m)3300 : *v>96`v<(96`+m)3300 : 3210 q=0  r=(*8) v=65Av=97ad=0:z$="Atoms":m$=" Diagram2 Diagram3 Questions1 Questions2 Game1 Game2 Game3" yv=66Bv=98bd=20:z$="States of matter":m$=" Diagram3 Questions1 Game1 Game2" v=67Cv=99cd=40(:z$="Bonding & structure":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram2 Diagram3 Questions1 Questions2 Game1 Game2 Game3" nv=68Dv=100dd=60<:z$="Rates & equilibria":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram3 Game3" Qv=69Ev=101ed=80P:z$="Energy":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram3" v=70Fv=102fd=100d:z$="Redox":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram3 Questions1 Questions2 Game1 Game2 Game3" v=71Gv=103gd=120x:z$="Electrochemistry":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram2 Diagram3 Game1 Game2 Game3" v=72Hv=104hd=140:z$="Acids & bases":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram3 Questions1 Questions2 Game1 Game2 Game3" v=73Iv=105id=160:z$="Air":m$=" Diagram2 Diagram3 Questions1 Questions2 Game2 Game3" v=74Jv=106jd=180:z$="Water":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram3 Questions1 Questions2 Game1" v=75Kv=107kd=200:z$="Metals":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram2 Diagram3 Questions1 Game1 Game2 Game3" lv=76Lv=108ld=220:z$="Carbon chemistry":m$=" Diagram1 Diagram3 Game2" d=4000+d $ t=13  7 o0:14,5;"Type in the answer and":15,10 ;"press ENTER":.03{u\,45- J21,0;" ":21,0; A$  'a$="".03{u\,45-:3615 !a$(1)="*"9700% "b=a$ #+b=0.03{u\,45-:3615 $"a$(b)" "a$=a$(b):3623' % b=b-1 & 3619# 'N14,5;" ":15,10 ;" " )A$=f$4:18,0;" Well done ":3900<:3960x:t=3:0 *a$f$3950n -t=12:18,2;"No, that's not right.Try again The first letter is ";:0:f$(1):40(:2620< .Zt=21200:18,2;"Look up this GEM reference for help : ";R$(C) 8 502 =t B t 1 ~11 ,9 ;f$  1200 X14,0;" ":15,10 ;" "  N0:.03{u\,40(:20,6;"Press SPACE to carry on" l$= (l$)=42*9700% (l$)32 3755 -20,6;" "  <'w=125:0.03{u\,w:w: n1w=1-25-1:0.03{u\,w:w: x$t=1correct=correct+1  P"atomic number","The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (6,6)","Z" 7"atomic mass","Relative ...... .... , Ar (6,4)","Ar" L"mass number","Number of protons & neutrons in a nucleus (4,6)","Page 149" R"electrons","These negative particles give rise to chemical bonds (9)","bonds" O"positive","The charge on the nucleus, protons and cations (8)","proton" E"isotope","The same element but different mass numbers (7)","atom" D"negative","The kind of charge on electrons or anions (8)","anion" Q"elements","There are about 105 of these that are known (8)","Atomic number" U"compound","This is formed when two or more elements react (8)","Empirical formula" V"non metals","Found in the top right of the periodic table (3,6)","Periodic table" ="nucleus","The tiny central core of the atom (7)","Atom" C"proton","A positively charged sub-atomic particle (6)","nucleus" ="neutron","The neutral particle in the atom (7)","atom" J"atomicity","In O what does the represent? (9)","Page 22" E"metal","An element which forms cations (5)","ionic bonds" R"charge","Electrons and protons carry an equal electrical ...... (6)","nucleus" E"atom","The simplest form an element can exist in (4)","Page 21" F "eight","The maximum number of 2s and 2p electrons(5)","electronic" N "two","The maximum number of electrons in the first shell (3)","electronic"  "*","*","*" W"condensation","The change from the vapour to the liquid state (12)","Phase change" R"sublimation","This is the direct change from solid to gas (11)","Phase change" R"evaporation","Liquid vapour below the boiling point (11)","water cycle" W"latent heat","The energy needed to change the state of a substance (6,4)","Page 139" 0"boyles law","P.V = constant (6,3)","Gas laws" a"temperature","As this increases so does a particle's kinetic energy (11)","Kinetic theory" H"atmosphere","A unit of pressure that you can breathe (10)","Pressure" C"particles","There are about 6 x 10 of these in a mole","L" V"kinetic","This theory helps us understand the movement of particles (7)","Page 138" Y"brownian","........ motion is evidence in support of the kinetic theory(8)","Page 35" E"diffusion","The movement of one gas into another (9)","Page 72" 4"charles law","V = T x constant (7,3)","Gas laws" ,"gas laws","P.V = n.R.T (3,4)","Page 105" I"pressure","Gas molecules striking a surfaceexert a ........ (8)","STP" W"density","A measure of how much space unitmass of a substance occupies(7)","Page 68" Ú"lattice","A regular 3D array of particles (7)","Giant structure":"liquid","One of the three states of matter (6)","States of matter" Ĩ"volume","The symbol for this is V eg P.V = constant (6)","Boyles' Law","gas","A substance whose particles can move within a container (3)","States of matter" Ń"charles law","V = T x constant","Gas laws","boiling","This is the change from liquid to gas at a fixed temperature(7)","liquid" Ƙ"solid","A substance with particles held in a lattice (5)","states of matter","melting","The change from solid to liquid (7)","phase change"  "*","*","*" ;"electrovalent","Another term for IONIC bonds(13)","bond" Q"coordinate","A covalent bond with electrons from the same atom (8)","Page 59" W"allotropes","The two .......... of carbon are diamond and graphite (9)","carbon" I"hydrogen","These bonds are important in thestructure of ice (8)","ice" M"electrons","These are shared between atoms in a covalent bond (9)","bond" W"molecule","There are two atoms in a ........ of hydrogen (8)","covalent bond" >"lattice","A 3D crystalline structure (7)","Giant structure" E"covalent","Non-metals form these bonds witheach other (8)","bond" S"diatomic","Hydrogen, oxygen and chlorine are ........ molecules (8)","Page 71" J"negative","Anions have a ........ charge (8)","anion" J"single","A covalent bond containing two electrons (6)","Covalent bond" S"ionic","..... bonds exist in compounds made up of charged particles (5)","bond" J"double","This covalent bond contains fourelectrons (6)","Covalent bond" P"giant","..... structures can have ionic or covalent bonding (5)","Ionic bond" L"triple","There are six electrons in a ...... bond (6)","Covalent bond" M"positive","Metal ions usually carry a ........ charge (8)","cation" L"atom","Argon has one .... in its molecule (4)","Monatomic molecule" )"ion","A charged atom (3)","Ionic bond"  "*","*","*" f"dissociation","This process involves breaking acompound into simpler ones (12)","ammonium compound" Y"le chatelier","The man whose principle tells ushow equilibria behave (2,9)","Page 142" `"concentration","The higher this is the greater is the reaction rate (13)","Rate of reaction" R"activation","This energy is needed to make a reaction take place (10)","Page 5" d"temperature","As this increases so does the energy that a particle has (11)","Rate of reaction" U"surface area","As particles get smaller this increases (7,4)","Rate of reaction" T"particles","The larger these are, the slowera reaction is (9)","Rate of reaction" Q"explosion","A rapid expansion of gas that causes a shock wave (3)","Page 96" X"forward","At equilibrium the ....... and backward rates are equal (7)","equilibrium" N"reversible","A reaction that occurs in both directions (10)","Equilibrium" \"dynamic","An equilibrium in which both reactions are still occurring(7)","Equilibrium" a"endothermic","In these reactions as the temp. rises the equilibria shift (11)","Le Chatelier" Z"platinum","An alloy of this is the catalystin the making of nitric acid (8)","catalyst" b"pressure","The higher the ........ of a gasthe faster a reaction occurs (8)","Rate of reaction" ]"catalyst","This provides an alternative wayfor a reaction to occur (8)","Rate of reaction" O"contact","The process in which sulphuric acid is made (7)","Sulphuric acid" T"haber","The ..... process turns hydrogenand nitrogen into ammonia (5)","ammonia" Y"enzymes","Organic catalysts found in animals and plants eg zymase (7)","catalyst" "iron","A metal which has a reversible reaction with steam (4)","Page 134","rate","A catalyst alters the .... of a chemical reaction (4)","catalyst"  "*","*","*" S"fossil fuels","Sources of energy produced from dead organic matter (6,5)","Fuel" W"latent heat","The energy needed to change the state of a substance (6,4)","Page 139" Z"activation","This energy has to be supplied before a reaction can begin (10)","Page 5" X"temperature","This increases during an exothermic reaction (11)","Heat energy" P"endothermic","The enthalpy change is positive (11)","Heat energy" E"enthalpy","Heat energy - H - possessed by asubstance (8)","Energy" M"combustion","Another word for burning eg Heatof .......... (10)","Burning" _"exothermic","A reaction where heat energy is released to the surroundings(10)","Heat energy" ""kilojoule","kJ (9)","Energy" &"celsius","'C (7)","Temperature" K"nuclear","Energy released during the fission of atoms (7)","Energy" ["fission","The splitting of large atoms to produce smaller atoms (7)","Nuclear reactions" a"fusion","The joining of atoms to make atoms of a different element (6)","Nuclear reactions" G"coal","For example Lignite, Anthracite - a fossil fuel (4)","Fuel" :"coke","A smokeless fuel made from coal (4)","Fuel" ?"gas","Natural ... consists mainly of methane (3)","Fuel" >"bonds","Energy is needed to break these (5)","Energy" G"fuel","Something which can be burnt to release energy (4)","coal" "kinetic","As particles move faster this energy increases (7)","Heat energy","heat","The kinetic energy of molecules causes this to be felt (4)","Enthlpy"  "*","*","*" R"galvanizing","This process is used to protect steel from oxidation (11)","zinc" I"respiration","Oxidation of food in plants and animals (11)","Page 206" c"reactivity","Strong reductants occur at the top of the .......... series(10)","Electrochemical" H"stainless","......... steel is resistant to oxidation (9)","Steel" Y"hydrogen","Oxidation can occur if this atomis removed from a compound (8)","Oxidation"  ]"monoxide","Carbon ........ is a reducing agent in the blast furnace (8)","Blast furnace"  X"oxidation","Redox reactions must involve both ......... and reduction (9)","Redox"  U"reduction","This is the gain of electrons egO + 4e 2O (9)","oxidizing agent"  M"oxidizing","Ozone and oxygen are vigorous ......... agents (9)","oxygen"  Y"reducing","Carbon and carbon monoxide are both ........ agents (8)","Carbon monoxide" P"chlorine","The oxidant used in swimming pools to kill bacteria (8)","Iron" O"oxygen","HO decomposes to give water and ...... (6)","Hydrogen peroxide" O"electron","Oxidation can be defined as ........ loss (8)","Oxidation" 1"ozone","An allotrope of oxygen (5)","Page 172" I"chloride","This is the oxidised form of chlorine (8)","Chlorine" I"redox","REDuction and OXidation occur simultaneously (5)","Page 203" T"anode","Reactions at the ..... of a cellare always oxidations (5)","Electrolysis"  "*","*","*" R"electrolyte","A liquid or solution which conducts electricity (11)","Cell" E"accumulator","This is a rechargeable battery (11)","Cell" \"electrolysis","The splitting up of a compound by an electric current (12)","Electrolyte" ["voltameter","Apparatus showing the volumes ofgas made in an electrolysis (10)","Hofmann" Y"electrodes","Electrons flow to and from an electrolyte through these (10)","Battery" X"conductor","A material which allows an electric current to flow (9)","Insulator" G"hydroxide","Anion found in all aqueous solutions (9)","Caustic" R"insulator","A material which will not allow eletricity to pass (9)","Conductor"  J"platinum","An inert metal often used as an electrode (8)","Electrolyte" !D"voltage","The ....... of a car battery is 12 volts (7)","Battery" ""electron","A negatively charged sub-atomic particle (8)","Atom","oxonium","Ion found in all aqueous electrolytes (7)","Acid" #"coulomb","The unit of electric charge (7)","Faraday","current","The flow of electricity through a conductor (7)","Electrolysis" $"anode","The name of the positive electrode (5)","electrode","faraday","The electric charge on one mole of electrons (7)","Page 96" %Y"oxygen","Gas given off when OH ions are discharged at an electrode (6)","Electrolyte" &"copper","A metal which is refined electrolytically (6)","Electrode","zinc","Metallic electrode in the dry battery (4)","Battery" '"mole","A Faraday of charge is possessedby a .... of electrons (4)","Faraday","polar","A ..... solvent dissolves ionic compounds (5)","Solvent" ("amp","The name given to the unit of electric current (3)","Current","cathode","This is where cations go during an electrolysis (7)","Electrode" )a"cells","Car batteries consist of six 2V ..... (5)","Battery","ion","A charged atom (3)","Atom" * "*","*","*" ,P"hydrochloric","............ acid + base = chlorides + water (12)","Acid" -U"caustic soda","The common name for sodium hydroxide (7,4)","Sodium compounds" .L"acid salt","Sodium hydrogen sulphate is an example of this (4,4)","Salt" /^"acidic oxide","This produces an acidic solutionwhen it is added to water (6,5)","Non-metal" 05"hydroxide","The name of the OH ion (9)","Caustic" 1d"dissociated","Strong bases are fully ---- Weakbases are partially ---- (11)","Strengths of acids" 2S"corrosive","A ......... substance is one that causes severe burns (9)","Acid" 35"oxonium","All acids contain these ions (7)","Acid" 4R"alkaline","The term used to describe a solution with a pH above 7 (8)","pH" 5w"neutral","Neither alkaine nor acidic (7)","pH","ethanoic","An organic acid with the formula CHO (8)","Acid" 6"nitric","The formula of this acid is HNO (6)","cid","hydrogen","Metal + dilute hydrochloric acidproduces this gas (8)","Acid" 7"ammonia","What is the name of the compoundwhose formula is NH? (7)","Alkali","water","This accepts protons from acids forming oxonium ions (5)","Acid-Base reactions" 8"litmus","acid = red; alkali = blue; neutral = purple.Indicator? (6)","Indicator","carbon","Acid + carbonate produces ...... dioxide gas (6)","Acid" 9"dibasic","This kind of acid contains two replaceable hydrogen atoms (7)","Salt","proton","The particle in the nucleus of ahydrogen atom (6)","Hydrogen" :"indicator","This changes colour when an acidhas been neutralized (9)","Litmus","acid","This reacts with an alkali to form a salt and water only (4)","Salt" ;}"base","Acid + .... = salt + water (4)","Salt","salt","For example NaCl, KBr, CuSO, Cu(NO) (4)","Acid-Base reaction" <"pH","Acids have a .. of less than 7, Bases have one more than 7 (2)","Indicator","metal","This produces hydrogen when added to hydrochloric acid (5)","Acid" ="weak","An indicator is an example of a .... acid (4)","Indicator","alkali","Containing hydroxide ion in highconcentration in solution (6)","Base" >"strong","These acids are dissociated fully in solution (6)","Strengths of acids","NaCl","HCl + NaOH = HO + .... (4)","Acid-Base reactions" ? "*","*","*" @P"haemoglobin","The red blood pigment that carries oxygen (11)","Page 110" AL"respiration","Animals and plants obtain energyby this process (11)","Air" BX"fractional","The mixture air is separated by .......... distillation (10)","Page 101" CU"combustion","Another name for burning eg Heat of .......... (10)","Burning" DZ"atmosphere","The mixture of gases which surrounds our rocky planet (10)","Page 21" EY"inert gases","Argon is the most abundant of these unreactive elements (5,5)","Argon" FW"oxidation","A reaction with oxygen or the loss of electrons (9)","Oxidizing agent" GL"limewater","A carbon dioxide detector Ca(OH)(aq) (9)","Carbonate" HW"monoxide","Carbon ........ is a pollutant from car exhausts (8)","Carbon compounds" IL"smoke","Solid particles suspended in the air (5)","Brownian motion" JK"pressure","Its units are mmHg, Pascal or atmospheres (8)","Atmosphere" KN"nitrogen","This unreactive gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere (8)","Air" LR"oxygen","The gas vital for respiration in plants and animals (6)","Page 170" ME"argon","0.9% of the atmosphere is this inert gas (5)","Air" NU"dioxide","Carbon ....... gas is produced during fermentations (7)","Fermentation" OS"sulphur","....... dioxide is a pollutant made by burning coal or oil (7)","Air" PK"water","This vapour is present in air invery variable amounts (5)","Air" Q8 "oxide","Metal + oxygen Metal ..... (5)","Page 169" RN"rust","Hydrated iron (III) oxide - commonly found on cars (4)","Steel" S "*","*","*" TR"ion exchange","These resins are used to soften water (3,8)","Hardness of water" US"hydrophobic","The hydrocarbon end of a molecule of detergent (11)","Soap" VQ"deliquescent","Takes in water from the air and dissolves in it (12)","Page 67" W["hygroscopic","Substances which absorb water vapour from the air. (11)","Deliquescence" XL"detergent","A cleaning agent which works by forming emulsions (9)","Soap" Ya"temporary","Ca(HCO) is the cause of this type of hardness of water (9)","Calcium compounds" ZY"hydroxide","Alkali metal + water metal ......... + hydrogen (9)","Sodium" [@"evaporation","Liquid water water vapour (11)","Water cycle" \O"hydrogen","....... bonds are responsible for water's high B.Pt. (8)","Ice" ]D"saturated","A solution that can hold no moresolute (9)","Soluble" ^X"bacteria","Often found in polluted water. They can cause disease (8)","Chlorination" _""aqueous","aq solution (7)","aq" `,"snow","Crystals of solid water (4)","Ice" a]"permanent","This hardness is due to calcium sulphates in solution (9)","Hardness of water" bM"solvent","A substance that dissolves others (7)","Solution" cP"cycle","The water ..... is the movement of water round the Earth (5)","Water" df"ice","Water held in a lattice by hydrogen bonds (3)","Page 25","steam","HO (g) (5)","water" e"hard","Water that contains calcium ions (4)","Hardness of water","soft","Water producing a good lather with a soap (4)","Hardness of water" fy"soap","The correct term for this is soapy detergent (4)","Hardness of water","sea","Brine or ... water (3)","Brine" g "*","*","*" hZ"electrolysis","During ............ metal ions migrate to the cathode (12)","Electrode" i_"reactivity","A metal's .......... increases as a group is descended (10)","Electrochemical" jR"malleable","Metals are ......... They can be hammered into shape (9)","Metal" k["corrosion","This means chemical reactions which cause damage eg rusting(9)","Page 61" lJ"alkaline","Group I metals + water produce ........ solutions (8)","pH" mP"hydrogen","Metal + dilute acid salt + ........ gas (8)","Acid" nA"ductile","This means 'can be drawn into wires' (7)","Metal" oY"thermite","Iron (III) oxide + aluminium metal: The ....... reaction (8)","Page 232" pR"iron","An element. Z=26; Ar=55.9; Symbol = Fe; M.Pt = 1539'C (4)","Steel" qF"basic","A ..... oxide + an acid producesa salt + water (5)","Oxide" rF"semi","Metalloids are often called ....-metals (4)","Metalloid" s+"alloy","A mixture of metals (5)","Metal" t:"ore","Haematite is the ... used to make iron","iron" u3"brass","Copper and zinc (30%) alloy (5)","Alloy" v3"bronze","Copper (90%) and tin alloy (6)","Alloy" wN"steel","Stainless ..... is a corrosion resistant alloy of iron (5)","Iron" xO"blast","The ..... furnace is used to convert ore into iron (5)","Page 28" { "*","*","*" |N"condensation","A ............ polymer eg nylon or terylene (12)","polymers" }I"fermentation","Sugar + Yeast Alcohol + CarbonDioxide (12)","Ethanol" ~^"substitution","An organic reaction where one atom is replaced by another (12)","Page 223" N"thermoplastic","A polymer which softens on heating (13)","Page 234" N"thermosetting","A polymer which decomposes on heating (13)","Page 234" P"unsaturated","Molecules which contain double or triple bonds (11)","Alkenes" P"cellulose","A glucose polymer which we cannot digest (9)","Carbohydrate" J"saturated","Molecules which only contain single bonds (9)","Alkanes" P"addition","A polymer formed by adding monomers together (8)","Polymers" ["fractional",".......... distillation splits amixture into simpler parts (10)","refining" N"cracking","Large molecules are turned into smaller molecules (8)","Page 63" "monomer","The unit from which polymers are made (7)","Polymerization","enzyme","An organic catalyst eg zymase in yeast (6)","catalyst" "polymer","(X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X-X)n eg Poly(ethene) (7)","Monomer","octane","The ...... rating of petrol is ameasure of its quality (6)","Petrol" "polyester","Mixed with wool or cotton to make fabrics (9)","Terylene","terylene","Probably the best known of the polyesters (8)","Polymers" "catalyst","This is usually needed to make monomers produce a polymer (8)","Polymers","polyamide","The family name for nylon polymers (9)","Nylon" "polythene","The ethene polymer. This is itscommon name (9)","Ethene","maltose","A glucose dimer formed in the enzyme breakdown of starch (6)","Disaccharide" O"reforming","Changing the geometry of an organic molecule (9)","Page 206" "isomers","Different compounds with the same molecular formula (7)","Page 135","methane","The simplest alkane, CH (7)","Alkanes" "starch","The glucose polymer found in grain, tubers etc (6)","Glucose","nylon","The polyamide widely used to make tights and ropes (5)","Polymers"  "*","*","*"  "*","*","*"  "*","*","*"  "*","*","*" #( 9100# #)4,0;"This program is designed as a quick test of the common topics in Chemistry."::"You will be given a list of topics from which to choose." #*>:"For each topic you will be givena number of questions." #+~:"When you complete the test you will be given a list of the programs on this tape that will help in your revision." #,3750::9100# #.J4,0;"If you answer correctly the nextquestion will appear." #2[:"If you get the question wrong you will be given the first letter of the answer." #5_:"If you get the question wrong a second time you will be given a reference to look up in "; #6("the ";:1:"GEM";:0:"." #7c:"The correct answer will be displayed if you get the question wrong a third time."; #8h3750::9100#:4,0;"At the end of the test you will be told how well you did." #9F:"You will also be given some suggestions for further revision" #:12 ,3;"To finish press ";:2:"SYMBOL ";0;"& ";2;"*":13 ,19;"SHIFT ":0 #; # #&1:"Chemistry Tester":0 # %d+r %& c=1 %+correct=0 %0w$(c),c$(c),r$(c) %5-w$(c,1)="*" c=c-1:9550N% %:c=10 9550N% %Dc=c+1:95200% %N"d$="I'm mixing up the questions" %S 0 %X(e=127:.03{u\,45- %b20,e+1;d$(e) %li=1+(*c) %vj=1+(*c) %h$=w$(i):j$=c$(i):k$=r$(i) %'w$(i)=w$(j):c$(i)=c$(j):r$(i)=r$(j) %w$(j)=h$:c$(j)=j$:r$(j)=k$ %e %H20,0;" ":.1}L,502 % %9100#:2,0;"If you run this program again":3,0;"you will not get exactly the":4,0;"the same set of questions" %[ 2:7,3;"To run this program again":9 ,10 ;"press RUN" %S12 ,3;"To load and run DIAGRAM1":14,10 ;"press NEXT" %17,4;"To load a later program":18,2;"wind on the tape before you":20,10 ;"press NEXT":0 %="r"Ŧ="R":15 &="n"Ŧ="N"9750& & 9720% &=:10 ,2;"Press PLAY on your recorder":"" &G &I 9806N& &J=a=112 :s$:n=07:b:s$+n,b:n:a &NY"a",0,0,0,16,32 ,112p,72H,112p:subscript 6 &OY"b",0,0,0,120x,64@,112p,8,112p:subscript 5 &PX"c",0,0,0,64@,80P,120x,16,16:subscript 4 &QY"d",0,0,0,112p,16,32 ,16,112p:subscript 3 &RY"e",0,0,0,480,72H,16,32 ,120x: subscript 2 &SV"f",0,0,120x,0,0,0,0,0:superscript - &TZ"g",16,16,124|,16,16,0,0,0:superscript + &UW"h",12 ,18,4,8,30,0,0,0:superscript 2 &VV"i",14,2,4,2,14,0,0,0:superscript 3 &We"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255:empty grid box &XK"j",0,24,24,24,90Z,60<,24,0 &YI"k",0,8,4,126~,126~,4,8,0 &FC$(20,100d):R$(20,20):B$(25,20) &W$(20,16) & LV DIAGRAM1 MtB:7:0:7:b$=" " f=0:3910F :7:7:0 6000p n=1 f=0 2 a(20) 4 b(20) 5 l(20) <$f1=0:f2=0:f3=0 > v=0 ? nh=0 @!y$="I'm doing some sorting" B%b$=" " Ca$=b$ Dl$=b$ znm=2805 :nd=2800 " 320@ + 400 ,a=110 .z$ 0&i=07:row:z$+i,row:i 2a @K"u",0,0,126~,0,126~,0,126~,0 BQ"a",85U,170,85U,170,85U,170,85U,170 DI"d",96`,24,6,0,0,6,24,96` FG"e",0,0,0,0,0,96`,24,6 HI"f",6,24,96`,0,0,96`,24,6 PK"i",0,0,0,480,72H,16,32 ,120x RL"j",0,0,0,112p,16,32 ,16,112p TE"k",0,8,8,8,8,8,8,0 VL "l",0,0,0,64@,80P,120x,16,16 XL"m",0,0,0,120x,64@,112p,8,112p \G"o",0,0,0,120x,0,0,0,0 ^U"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255 _I"f",6,24,96`,0,0,96`,24,6 `K"q",16,16,124|,16,16,0,0,0 bH"r",12 ,18,4,8,30,0,0,0 cG"c",0,8,4,2,255,2,4,8 dG"s",14,2,4,2,14,0,0,0 fJ"t",1,2,2,4,132,72H,40(,16 gU"b",255,213,150,213,150,213,150,255 h  3900< i3:4,25:0,116t:180,0:0,-116t:-180,0 20:6,1;"This program revises" &7,1;"your knowledge of" 8,1;"diagrams and the ideas":9 ,1;"linked with them.":10 ,1;"You can select":11 ,1;"from several topics." 12 ,1;"For each topic you":13 ,1;"can choose either to":14,1;"have the topic":15,1;"explained or you can":16,1;"choose from two types":17,1;"of test." 320@:300,  0.1}L,20:1800   449 &2:192,84T,60< 4,23;"If":5,21;"you get":6,20;"a part":7,19;"wrong you ":8,18;"are told why" 9 ,17;"it is wrong, ":10 ,17;"sometimes with":11 ,17;"a reference to":12 ,18;"the GEM. You":13 ,18;"will get ":14,19;"another go":15,21;"later."  454 >18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each":2,5;"topic":3,4;"continues":4,3;"until you":5,2;"have got all":6,2;"the parts":7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop":9 ,2;"at any time":10 ,3;"by pressing":4:0:11 ,4;"symbol":12 ,3;"shift and":13 ,7;"*":7 !344X:300,:442 )0.1}L,20:0:1800  mn=1 x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=63950n  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 !0:mn=2:3000 v=101e3950n  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b#8000@+(n-1)*502: "pap,ink,bor,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ B:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:0  800 : !7:" ":" "; "6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &6v$="*"7:0:" ":1800:8204 (v$:804$ 4 :pap:3:7:ink:  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all":10 ,1;"questions in the section":12 ,1;"CORRECT.":1:14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ '6:l,c;(64@+k);:7  l(a(k))=k k 0.5,0:1800  c$="":c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=l(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (d1:19,2;"Press the ";:6:0:"LETTER";:7:1:" by the" ,a1:20,2;g$;" ";:6:21,16-(l$)/2;l$;:7:ink 1 c$="":c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @7c$=(64@+l(nq))c$=(96`+l(nq))1650r J. 2:20,2;"WRONG ";:ink:20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(nq));:1:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:21,1;" RIGHT";:ink:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:6:0:l,c;"":7:1800 st=q1700 w 1670  k=k+1 wq=01675 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1675  1677 k>qk=1:1673  1673 nq=l(k):1562  1000  221,8;"Press SPACE to continue";  c$="":c$= c$01805   c$="":c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 & c$="":c$= (c$01830& *!0:21,2;b$: X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Z c$="":c$= \c$="*"start ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 gh$,pap,ink,bor,m$,n$::6:0:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:pap:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200    t=0 K6:0:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:7:0 U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 |1800:6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;m$:20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$ c$="*"21004 c$="p"2080  c$="i"2290 c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="s"2650Z c$="b"2750 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh  c$="":c$= c$="*"490  2020  p:p: *x=a:y=b:a,b ,x,y . a-x,b-y: > -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 @2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";:3,9 ;t$ " "  q=0 l$ l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink ar,x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=141800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r 21,0;" "; v=99ce=q:b=1 i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b))+b y=(*(e-b))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h  j:0.05|L,(-10 +i):i 9i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i  2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 i:i: 0.2~L,0:1800  k=1:nq=a(k):2450 gf=0 7:0:19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";:20,2;b$:20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$ l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl  2410j :0.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :1800:2390V + 2370B .gf=0:6:1:20,2;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G Vb=2:gf=0gf=1:6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :7:0:2450 :2305 X6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;"The correct answer was":20,2;l$;:gf=0:7:0:1800:2450 :2370B ` 1000 n c$="":c$= o'c$=0 ůc$=13 2410j pc$="*"530 q>c$=12 w$="":21,2;" ":2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ y c$="":c$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y 19,2;b$; 20,2;b$; 21,2;b$;  >6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:7 0:nl nl=07: m6:nl=3w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..":20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; *7:0:lf=11800  x,y,a,b x,y a-x,b-y  (x,y,r 2x,y,r 7 Zm dp=4000+(m*502) ip n l,c,t$ l,c;t$;  x,y i=-11 j=-11 x+i,y+j j i  421,1;b$:nh:2020:1800: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: x,y,h,w 5x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0:  x,y,w,h,a a=a*/180 x,y:w-x,h-y,a: T1:"?":0: ^ 0: :7 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d + 1 ,.x$" " 0,16-(x$/2);x$ ./h$:2,2;h$:n=1:m=1 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:7 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:0 b(3+n),4;h$ q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 >"":" ";:1:"Press a LETTER to choose";:7 v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ 0v$:20,0;v$:7:0 0:7 c$="":c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 #"DIAGRAMS & IDEAS IN CHEMISTRY" "pH of common substances" "Sources of the elements" "Preparation of gases" "Types of organic compounds" "Titration calculations" "Finish using the program" "*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST" "Explanation" "Do you know the names" "Can you recognise the items" "Choose another TOPIC"  "Finish using the program" "*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  ,92\,"d",568,132,"d",58:,132,"d",64@,92\,"d",58:,80P,"l",26,62>,568,62>,"l",26,72H,568,72H,"h",5116 ="l",38&,148,24,152,"l",38&,144,24,140,"t",2,6,"lime","l",44,,148,60<,152,"l",16,74J,12 ,64@,"l",58:,114r,64@,116t,"l",40(,66B,64@,66B,"l",40(,58:,64@,58: "i",0,"t",15,11 ,"distill-","t",16,11 ,"ation of","t",17,11 ,"liquid","t",18,11 ,"air","l",88X,62>,96`,62>,"d",96`,60<,"d",120x,60<,"d",120x,70F,"d",128,70F,"l",128,72H,120x,72H,"d",120x,78N,"d",128,78N,"l",128,80P,120x,80P,"d",120x,84T,"d",96`,84T,"d",96`,64@,"d",88X,64@,"l",96`,68D,102f,68D,"l",106j,68D,120x,68D,"l",100d,68D,100d,70F,"l",108l,68D,108l,70F,"l",98b,70F,110n,70F,"l",96`,76L,102f,76L,"l",106j,76L,120x,76L,"l",100d,76L,100d,78N,"l",106j,76L,106j,78N,"l",98b,78N,110n,78N,"h",5118 "i",1,"t",16,20,"electrolysis","t",17,20,"of molten","t",18,20,"oxides","t",13 ,21," ","t",14,21,"","l",172,72H,172,72H,"d",168,76L,"d",168,524,"d",244,524,"d",244,76L,"d",240,72H,"d",240,72H,"l",238,72H,238,76L,"l",229,76L,235,76L,"l",194,72H,194,76L,"d",200,76L,"l",208,76L,218,76L,"d",218,72H,"t",12 ,25,"+","l",174,68D,236,68D,"i",0,"h",5120 "i",1,"t",11 ,20,"metal","b",176,64@,"l",176,64@,180,80P,"l",226,64@,226,80P,"i",0,"t",2,1,"---" "*"  C"tuyeres to let air in",9 ,14,1,0,"tuyair"  /"iron",9 ,14,8,0,"iro"  2"slag",9 ,13 ,8,0,"slafer" >"refractory bricks",9 ,7,8,0,"refbri" 7"carbon oxides",9 ,4,8,0,"car" ."coke",9 ,4,2,0,"cok" ?"ore (haematite)",9 ,2,1,0,"orehaekid" 4"limestone",9 ,2,10 ,0,"sto" 3"chlorine",9 ,2,12 ,0,"chl" 4"sodium",9 ,2,22,0,"sodmag" 6"graphite",9 ,7,13 ,0,"gracar" /"air",9 ,14,10 ,0,"air" 2"oxygen",9 ,13 ,16,0,"oxy" 4"nitrogen",9 ,11 ,16,0,"nit" 7"sulphur foam",9 ,2,23,0,"sul" C"gold/silver/copper",9 ,8,23,0,"golsilcop" L"bauxite in molten cryolite",9 ,11 ,28,0,"baualucry" F"super-heated water",9 ,3,31,0,"suphotwathea" "*" P0"Preparation of gases",7,0,7 Qv"Think about possible gases as","the equations are displayed",1,9 ,"labels.",3,"of the item","item" RR"In the laboratory gases are","usually prepared by reacting","two substances together or by","the decomposition of a chemical.","A catalyst or heat can be used","for this."," ","On the screen you will see the","reactant(s) for the preparation","of 9 common gases.","Your tasks are to identify the","gases and any special features.","*" T"t",3,3,"Ca(OH) + NHCl ","t",5,3,"MnO + HCl ","t",7,3,"HO(catalyst) ","t",9 ,19,"HNO + Cu ","t",9 ,3,"FeS + HCl " U"t",11 ,3,"CHOH + heat(--------) ","t",13 ,3,"CaCO + HCl ","t",15,3,"NaSO + HCl ","t",17,3,"NHNO + ---- " V "s",6 W"p",7,"h",5208X X"*" o2"ammonia",5,3,21,0,"amm" p3"chlorine",1,5,16,0,"chl" q1"oxygen",5,7,20,0,"oxy" r;"nitrogen dioxide",5,9 ,31,0,"nit" s<"hydrogen sulphide",5,9 ,15,0,"hyd" t2"ethene",5,11 ,29,0,"eth" u<"dinitrogen oxide",5,17,19,0,"din" v:"carbon dioxide",5,13 ,17,0,"car" w;"sulphur dioxide",5,15,18,0,"sul" x4"catalyst",9 ,11 ,17,0,"cat" y0"heat",9 ,17,12 ,0,"hea" z"*" 6"Types of organic compounds",7,0,7 q"Remember these valencies"," C 4 O 2 H 1",1,7,"compounds.",4,"of the compound","compound" ?"Seven organic formulae will ","be displayed on the screen. As","they appear try to work out","what type of compound each one","represents."," ","Remember these valencies"," ","Carbon 4 C (4 bonds)"," ","Oxygen 2 -O (2 bonds)"," ","Hydrogen 1 H- (1 bond)"," ","Watch out for the triple bond","-CC-","*" $"t",4,2,"C=C-C","t",4,17,"C-C-C","t",3,22," ","s",4,176,144,"t",2,23,"O","t",5,22," ","l",178,134,182,130,"t",6,23,"O","t",8,9 ,"C-C-C","t",10 ,24,"C-C-O" "t",12 ,4,"C-CC","t",14,16,"C-O-C","t",15,21," ","l",170,546,174,502,"t",16,22,"C","t",13 ,21," ","s",4,168,64@,"t",12 ,22,"O","t",16,6,"C-O-C","h",5308 !"t",3,2,"","t",2,2,"H","t",5,2,"","t",6,2,"H","t",3,4,"","t",2,4,"H","t",3,6,"","t",2,6,"H","t",5,6,"","t",6,6,"H","t",4,7,"-","t",4,8,"H" -"t",3,17,"","t",2,17,"H","t",5,17,"","t",6,17,"H","t",4,16,"-","t",4,15,"H","t",3,19,"","t",2,19,"H","t",5,19,"","t",6,19,"H","t",6,24,"-","t",6,25,"H"  "t",7,9 ,"","t",6,9 ,"H","t",9 ,9 ,"","t",10 ,9 ,"H","t",8,8,"-","t",8,7,"H","t",7,11 ,"","t",6,11 ,"H","t",9 ,11 ,"","t",10 ,11 ,"H","t",7,13 ,"","t",6,13 ,"H","t",9 ,13 ,"","t",10 ,13 ,"H","t",8,14,"-","t",8,15,"H" 5"t",9 ,24,"","t",8,24,"H","t",11 ,24,"","t",12 ,24,"H","t",10 ,23,"-","t",10 ,22,"H","t",9 ,26,"","t",8,26,"H","t",11 ,26,"","t",12 ,26,"H","t",10 ,29,"-","t",10 ,30,"H" "p",7,"h",5314 "t",11 ,4,"","t",10 ,4,"H","t",13 ,4,"","t",14,4,"H","t",12 ,3,"-","t",12 ,2,"H","t",12 ,9 ,"-","t",12 ,10 ,"H" c"t",13 ,16,"","t",12 ,16,"H","t",15,16,"","t",16,16,"H","t",14,15,"-","t",14,14,"H","t",15,23,"/","t",14,24,"H","t",17,23," ","t",17,21,"/","t",18,20,"H","l",186,38&,190,34","t",18,24,"H" 3"t",15,6,"","t",14,6,"H","t",17,6,"","t",18,6,"H","t",16,5,"-","t",16,4,"H","t",15,10 ,"","t",14,10 ,"H","t",17,10 ,"","t",18,10 ,"H","t",16,11 ,"-","t",16,12 ,"H" *"t",18,31," ","h",5318 "*" 1"alkene",9 ,6,4,3,"alke" 0"acid",9 ,4,23,6,"acid" 1"alkane",9 ,8,5,1,"alka" 3"alcohol",9 ,8,28,7,"alco" 2"alkyne",9 ,13 ,3,1,"alky" 2"ester",9 ,12 ,18,3,"este" 1"ether",9 ,18,4,4,"ethe" "*" 2"Titration calculations",7,0,7 l"volume=(no of moles x 1000)","/concentration",1,8,"answers.",2,"by the answer","answer" "In an acid-alkali titration, 1","mol of H will neutralize 1 mol","of OH. Look at the equation","HCl + NaOH HO + NaCl","Conc of the HCL is 0.1 mol/dm","Conc of the NaOH is 0.5 mol/dm","There are 10cm of NaOH","No of moles of NaOH","=10x0.5/1000 = 0.005 ","Therefore the no. of moles","of HCl is also 0.005"," ","volume of HCL=no of moles x 1000"," ------------------"," concentration","= 0.005x1000/0.1= 50cm","*" R"l",31,160,31,71G,"d",35#,71G,"d",35#,66B,"l",41),160,41),71G,"d",37%,71G,"d",37%,66B,"l",28,72H,28,64@,"l",28,68D,42*,68D,"l",15,68D,15,31,"d",568,31,"d",568,68D,"l",41),152,44,,152,"l",41),112p,44,,112p,"l",579,40(,60<,40(,"l",579,480,60<,480,"l",579,568,60<,568,"l",579,64@,60<,64@,"h",5406 N"s",3,0,0,0,17,7,16,"h",5408   O"s",3,1,1,12 ,16,7,15,"h",5410" "P"s",3,1,3,14,17,12 ,15,"h",5412$ $O"s",3,1,14,3,16,7,15,"h",5414& (P"s",3,1,12 ,1,17,12 ,15,"h",5418* *O"s",3,0,0,0,16,12 ,14,"h",5420, ,"i",0,"p",7,"t",2,6,"What volume of these acids","t",3,6,"of strength 0.1 mol/dm","t",4,6,"neutralize different","t",5,6,"volumes and concentrations","t",6,6,"of NaOH(aq) ?" .b"t",7,21,"NaOH(aq)","t",8,10 ,"acid cm cm mol/dm","i",2,"t",10 ,9 ,"CHCOOH ?","t",11 ,9 ,"HNO ?","t",12 ,9 ,"HCl ?","t",13 ,9 ,"HSO ?","t",14,9 ,"HSO ?","t",15,9 ,"HNO ?","t",16,9 ,"HCl ?","t",17,9 ,"CHCOOH ?" 0("i",1,"t",10 ,20,"50 0.10","t",11 ,20,"50 0.05","t",12 ,21,"5 0.20","t",13 ,20,"40 0.30","t",14,20,"20 0.40","t",15,20,"50 0.04","t",16,20,"30 0.15","t",17,20,"15 0.20","i",0 2W"x",68D,28,72H,184,"l",68D,100d,252,100d,"l",68D,100d,68D,116t,"d",156,116t,"l",156,28,156,124|,"d",252,124|,"d",252,100d,"l",132,28,132,100d,"l",188,28,188,100d,"h",54284 4"*" 7-"50",9 ,10 ,17,8,"50" 8-"25",9 ,11 ,17,6,"25" 9-"10",9 ,12 ,17,7,"10" :-"60",9 ,13 ,17,5,"60" ;-"40",9 ,14,17,4,"40" <-"20",9 ,15,17,2,"20" =/"45",9 ,16,17,3,"45" >-"30",9 ,17,17,1,"30" ?"*" pUc(15,2):6010z:i=115:c(i,1),c(i,2):i: z2,2,2,3,2,7,3,6,2,6,6,6,4,6,5,6,5,4,5,7,4,1,5,1,3,1,1,1,1,2 XI2,"This is the pH scale and the","colours of universal indicator" YE2,"The substances are not lined","up with particular numbers" ZH2,"These substances are alkaline","and have a pH greater than 7" 2,"These substances are acidic","and have a pH less than 7" \/2,"Neutral substances have a","pH of 7" ?2,"In the molten state the ","substance exists as ions" G2,"Sulphur : using super-heated","water and hot compressed air" &1,"It must be very unreactive" F2,"The blast furnace contains","iron ore, limestone, and coke" F2,"The different gases in air","have different boiling points" <2,"The discharge of ions allows","a current to flow" '1,"The outline is now complete" G2,"Here are the equations & some","clues to the gases produced" $1,"The list is now complete" D2,"Think about how many hydrogen","atoms each compound has." I2,"As hydrogen atoms are added ","work out each type of compound" ,2,"Remember the triple bond","-CC-" .2,"The structures are now","complete."  02,"A burette is used to do","titrations" !A2,"Conc of acid = conc of alkali","vol acid = vol alkali" "A2,"Conc of acid > conc of alkali","vol acid < vol alkali" #A2,"Conc of acid < conc of alkali","vol acid > vol alkali" $A2,"Conc of alkali > conc of acid","vol alkali < vol acid" %A2,"Conc of alkali < conc of acid","vol alkali > vol acid" &A2,"Conc of alkali = conc of acid","vol alkali = vol acid" ''1,"The outline is now complete" SI2,"How many replaceable hydrogen","atoms are there in each acid?" @3nm:nd:nm:1800:nm:nd :nm:nd:nm:nd A r e=17:nm:nd:e: nm:nd:nm:1800: "nm:nd:nm:nd:nm:nd:nm:nd: 4e=17:nm:nd:e:nd:nm:1800: #)) 1,"it's above the pH of ammonia" #*&1,"it's below the pH of water" #+-2,"it's above the pH of","soda water" #,,2,"it's below the pH of","limewater" #-(1,"it's above the pH of ammonia" #.-2,"it's below the pH of","lime water" #/&1,"it's below the pH of blood" #0-2,"it's below the pH of","soda water" #1'1,"it's above the stomach's pH" #2&1,"it's above the pH of blood" #3(1,"it's below the pH of vinegar" #4&1,"it's above the pH of blood" #5(1,"it's below the pH of vinegar" #[1,"These pass air in" #\1,"The molten metal" #]1,"The waste material" #^1,"To keep the heat in" #_'1,"A denser than air waste gas" #`.2,"Made by heating coal without","air" #a.2,"The metal is extracted from","this" #b1,"Calcium carbonate" #c!1,"a green poisonous gas" #d!1,"a very reactive metal" #e"1,"an allotrope of carbon" #f1,"The atmosphere" #g'1,"about 20% of the atmosphere" #h'1,"about 80% of the atmosphere" #i' 1,"Pyrities sulphur dioxide" #j&1,"It must be very unreactive" #k*1,"One thing dissolved in another" #l1,"A low density metal" #1,"an alkaline gas" # 1,"a green, choking gas" #%1,"necessary for respiration" #%1,"a red/brown poisonous gas" #%1,"rotten eggs give this off" #&1,"an unsaturated hydrocarbon" #1,"a laughing gas" #%1,"a product of fermentation" #(1,"a gas used for sterilization" #H2,"Alters the rate of a reaction","but remains unchanged itself" #1,"To give it energy" # 1,"the C=C (-ene) group" #!1,"the -COOH group; pH<7" #)1,"just C-C and C-H bonds (-ane)" # 1,"the -O-H (-ol) group" # 1,"the CC (-yne) group" #.2,"the -COO- (acid + alcohol)","group" #1,"the -O- group" #.2,"Equal No. of moles of ","NaOH/acid" #62,"HSO is dibasic","2 replaceable hydrogens" #.2,"Equal No. of moles of ","NaOH/acid" B fC DIAGRAM2 9R;B:7:0:7:b$=" " f=0:3910F :7:7:0 n=1 f=0 2 a(20) 4 b(20) 5 l(20) <$f1=0:f2=0:f3=0 > v=0 ? nh=0 @!y$="I'm doing some sorting" B%b$=" " Ca$=b$ Dl$=b$ znm=2805 :nd=2800 + 400 ,a=18 .z$ 0&i=07:row:z$+i,row:i 2a NG"h",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,126~ PK"i",0,0,0,480,72H,16,32 ,120x QJ"f",0,0,0,70F,73I,65A,66B,79O RL"j",0,0,0,112p,16,32 ,16,112p SL"m",0,0,0,120x,64@,112p,8,112p TK"l",0,0,0,64@,80P,120x,16,16 UL"n",0,0,0,16,32 ,112p,72H,112p VG"c",0,8,4,2,255,2,4,8 XJ"d",0,0,0,480,72H,480,72H,480 ZI"e",0,0,0,0,76L,82R,82R,76L ^U"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255 `G"o",0,0,0,120x,0,0,0,0 bK"q",16,16,124|,16,16,0,0,0 dG"s",14,2,4,2,14,0,0,0 fJ"t",1,2,2,4,132,72H,40(,16 gM"u",255,0,40(,40(,40(,40(,0,255 h  3900< i3:4,25:0,116t:180,0:0,-116t:-180,0 20:6,1;"This program revises" &7,1;"your knowledge of" 8,1;"diagrams and the ideas":9 ,1;"linked with them.":10 ,1;"You can select":11 ,1;"from several topics." 12 ,1;"For each topic you":13 ,1;"can choose either to":14,1;"have the topic":15,1;"explained or you can":16,1;"choose from two types":17,1;"of test." 320@:300,  0.1}L,20:1800   449 &2:192,84T,60< 4,23;"If":5,21;"you get":6,20;"a part":7,19;"wrong you ":8,18;"are told why" 9 ,17;"it is wrong, ":10 ,17;"sometimes with":11 ,17;"a reference to":12 ,18;"the GEM. You":13 ,18;"will get ":14,19;"another go":15,21;"later."  454 >18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each":2,5;"topic":3,4;"continues":4,3;"until you":5,2;"have got all":6,2;"the parts":7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop":9 ,2;"at any time":10 ,3;"by pressing":4:0:11 ,4;"symbol":12 ,3;"shift and":13 ,7;"*":7 !344X:300,:442 )0.1}L,20:0:1800  mn=1 x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=63950n  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 !0:mn=2:3000 v=101e3950n  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b#8000@+(n-1)*502: $pap,ink,bor,v,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ B:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:0  800 : !7:" ":" "; "6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &6v$="*"7:0:" ":1800:8204 (v$:804$ 4 :pap:3:7:ink:  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all":10 ,1;"questions in the section":12 ,1;"CORRECT.":1:14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ '6:l,c;(64@+k);:7  l(a(k))=k k 0.5,0:1800  c$="":c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=l(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (d1:19,2;"Press the ";:6:0:"LETTER";:7:1:" by the" ,a1:20,2;g$;" ";:6:21,16-(l$)/2;l$;:7:ink 1 c$="":c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @7c$=(64@+l(nq))c$=(96`+l(nq))1650r J. 2:20,2;"WRONG ";:ink:20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(nq));:1:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:21,1;" RIGHT";:ink:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:6:0:l,c;"":7:1800 st=q1700 w 1670  k=k+1 wq=01675 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1675  1677 k>qk=1:1673  1673 nq=l(k):1562  1000  221,8;"Press SPACE to continue";  c$="":c$= c$01805   c$="":c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 & c$="":c$= (c$01830& *!0:21,2;b$: :df=1l,c+1;l$ ? X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Z c$="":c$= \c$="*"start ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 jh$,pap,ink,bor,df,m$,n$::6:0:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:pap:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200    t=0 K6:0:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:7:0 U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 |1800:6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;m$:20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$ c$="*"21004 c$="p"2080  c$="i"2290 c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="s"2650Z c$="b"2750 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh  c$="":c$= c$="*"490  2020  p:p: *x=a:y=b:a,b ,x,y . a-x,b-y: > -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 @2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";:3,9 ;t$ " "  q=0 l$ l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink ar,x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=141800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r 21,0;" "; v=99cb=1:e=q i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b+1))+b y=(*(e-b+1))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h  j:0.05|L,(-10 +i):i 9i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i  2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 i:i: 0.2~L,0:1800  k=1:nq=a(k):2450 gf=0 7:0:19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";:20,2;b$:20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$ l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl  2410j :0.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :1800:2390V .gf=0:6:1:20,2;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1850::1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G Vb=2:gf=0gf=1:6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :7:0:2450 :2305 X6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;"The correct answer was":20,2;l$:gf=0:7:0:1800:2450 :2370B ` 1000 j n c$="":c$= o&c$=0ůc$=13 2410j pc$="*"530 q>c$=12 w$="":21,2;" ":2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ y c$="":c$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y 19,2;b$; 20,2;b$; 21,2;b$;  >6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:7 0:nl nl=07:  m6:nl=3w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..":20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; *7:0:lf=11800  x,y,a,b x,y a-x,b-y  (x,y,r 2x,y,r 7 Zm dp=4000+(m*502) ip n l,c,t$ l,c;t$;  x,y i=-11 j=-11 x+i,y+j j i  421,1;b$:nh:2020:1800: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: x,y,h,w 5x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0:  x,y,w,h,a a=a*/180 x,y:w-x,h-y,a: T1:"?":0: :7 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d + 1 ,.x$" " 0,16-(x$/2);x$ ./h$:2,2;h$:n=1:m=1 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:7 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:0 b(3+n),4;h$ q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 >"":" ";:1:"Press a LETTER to choose";:7 v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ 0v$:20,0;v$:7:0 0:7 c$="":c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 #"DIAGRAMS & IDEAS IN CHEMISTRY" "Sulphur compounds" "Electrolysis" "Balancing equations" "Concentrations of solutions" "U235 decay" "Finish using the program" "*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST" "Explanation" "Do you know the names" "Can you recognise the items" "Choose another TOPIC"  "Finish using the program" "*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  4"Ac",9 ,10 ,11 ,0,"ac acact" ?/"227",9 ,10 ,24,0,"227" @3"Ra",9 ,14,7,0,"ra rarad" A/"223",9 ,14,10 ,0,"223" B3"Rn",9 ,17,2,0,"rn rnrad" C."219",9 ,17,5,0,"219" D"*" X92,"A smelly gas made from sulphur","and hydrogen" Y52,"Left when hydrogen sulphide","is oxydised" Z 1,"A compound with iron" [1,"An oxide of sulphur" \F2,"Oxide reacting exothermically","with water to form an acid" ]1,"An acid" ^82,"acid and alkali give a salt","and water only" _'1,"This is a white precipitate" `'1,"The outline is now complete" 12,"A battery and electrodes are","needed" F2,"Test tubes filled with the","electrolyte can collect gases" 02,"Here is a list of the","electrolytes" F2,"The negative ions move to the","anode and lose electron(s)" H2,"The positive ions move to the","cathode and gain electron(s)" '1,"The outline is now complete" J2,"When balanced: same number of","each type of atom on each side" .2,"Here is a list of the ","equations" '1,"The outline is now complete" *1,"Take the number of moles first" 1,"multiply by 1000" .2,"and divide by the volume ","in cm" )1,"to work out the concentration" ?2,"Here is a list of other","moles and concentrations" '1,"The outline is now complete"  <2,"Start with Uranium","mass no 235 atomic no 92" !$1,"Here is the decay series" "'1,"The outline is now complete" @4e=18:nm:nd:e:nd:nm:1800: r0e=15:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: "nm:nd:nm:nd:nm:1800: 0e=15:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: 0e=12:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: #-/2,"Look up the substance in your","GEM" #.42,"Left when hydrogen sulphide","is reduced" #/ 1,"A compound with iron" #01,"A colourless gas" #1=2,"A gas used in the manufacture","of sulphuric acid" #21,"An acid" #382,"acid and alkali give a salt","and water only" #4'1,"This is a white precipitate" #[#1,"This produces a voltage" #\;2,"Negative ions are attracted","to this electrode" #];2,"Positive ions are attracted","to this electrode" #^'1,"There are free ions in this" #_92,"The state of matter with the","lowest density" #`92,"You can pick up this state of","matter easily" #a$1,"A highly inflammable gas" #b!1,"A green poisonous gas" #c#1,"A very dense grey metal" #d.2,"The gas whcih allows ","combustion" #e!1,"A very reactive metal" #f(1,"A shiny solid which sublimes" #gH1,"A grey metal which reacts with","water to give a white solid" #h&1,"A very very reactive metal" #32,"sodium 4x1 =4= 2x2","oxygen 1x2 =2= 2x1" #62,"magnesium 2x1 =2= 2x1","oxygen 1x2 =2= 2x1" #72,"aluminium 4x1 =4= 2x2","oxygen 3x2 =6= 2x3" #92,"phosphorus 1x4 =4= 1x4","oxygen 5x2 =10= 1x10" #:2,"carbon 1x5 =5= 5x1","oxygen 7x2 =14= 5x2 + 4x1" #<2,"carbon 2x4 =8= 8x1","oxygen 13x2 =26= 8x2 + 10x2" #C2,"hydrogen 6x2 =12= 1x12","oxygen 6x2 +6x1 =18= 1x6 + 6x2" #@2,"hydrogen 8x1 =8= 4x2","oxygen 8x3 =24= 3x3x2+2x1+4x1" #/2," 0.001 x 1000 = 1"," 1 / 100 = 0.01" #/2," 0.01 x 1000 = 10"," 10 / 100 = 0.1" #/2," 0.05 x 1000 = 50"," 50 / 100 = 0.5" #12," 2 x 1000 = 2000"," 2000 / 5000 = 0.4" #02," 0.025 x 1000 = 25"," 25 / 125 = 0.2" #/2," 0.5 x 1000 =500"," 500 / 200 = 2.5" #42," 1.3 x 1000 = 1300"," 1300 / 2000 = 0.65" #02," 0.6 x 1000 = 600"," 600 / 400 = 1.5" #/2," 0.03 x 1000 = 30"," 30 / 100 = 0.3" #$1,"2 neutrons and 2 protons" #1,"A helium nucleus" #*1,"A beta particle is an electron" #/2,"An electron has a negative","charge" #D2,"isotope symbol required","mass no down 4 : atm no down 2" #@2,"isotope symbol required","mass no same : atm no up 1" #=2,"mass number required","mass no same : atm no up 1" #D2,"isotope symbol required","mass no down 4 : atm no down 2" #=2,"mass number required","mass no same : atm no up 1" #D2,"isotope symbol required","mass no down 4 : atm no down 2" #A2,"mass number required","mass no down 4 : atm no down 2" #D2,"isotope symbol required","mass no down 4 : atm no down 2" #A2,"mass number required","mass no down 4 : atm no down 2" ' 1," " B fC- DIAGRAM3 yOS}{B:7:0:7:b$=" " f=0:3910F :7:7:0 n=1 f=0 2 a(20) 4 b(20) 5 l(20) <$f1=0:f2=0:f3=0 > v=0 ? nh=0 @!y$="I'm doing some sorting" B%b$=" " Ca$=b$ Dl$=b$ znm=2805 :nd=2800 + 400 ,a=17 .z$ 0&i=07:row:z$+i,row:i 2a NG"h",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,126~ PK"i",0,0,0,480,72H,16,32 ,120x QK"f",128,64@,33!,17,9 ,5,3,63? RL"j",0,0,0,112p,16,32 ,16,112p TL"m",0,0,0,120x,64@,112p,8,112p VG"o",0,0,0,120x,0,0,0,0 XL"n",0,0,0,16,32 ,112p,72H,112p ZK"q",16,16,124|,16,16,0,0,0 \H"r",12 ,18,4,8,30,0,0,0 ^U"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255 `K"l",0,0,0,64@,80P,120x,16,16 fJ"t",1,2,2,4,132,72H,40(,16 gG"s",14,2,4,2,14,0,0,0 h  3900< i3:4,25:0,116t:180,0:0,-116t:-180,0 20:6,1;"This program revises" &7,1;"your knowledge of" 8,1;"diagrams and the ideas":9 ,1;"linked with them.":10 ,1;"You can select":11 ,1;"from several topics." 12 ,1;"For each topic you":13 ,1;"can choose either to":14,1;"have the topic":15,1;"explained or you can":16,1;"choose from two types":17,1;"of test." 320@:300,  0.1}L,20:1800   449 &2:192,84T,60< 4,23;"If":5,21;"you get":6,20;"a part":7,19;"wrong you ":8,18;"are told why" 9 ,17;"it is wrong, ":10 ,17;"sometimes with":11 ,17;"a reference to":12 ,18;"the GEM. You":13 ,18;"will get ":14,19;"another go":15,21;"later."  454 >18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each":2,5;"topic":3,4;"continues":4,3;"until you":5,2;"have got all":6,2;"the parts":7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop":9 ,2;"at any time":10 ,3;"by pressing":4:0:11 ,4;"symbol":12 ,3;"shift and":13 ,7;"*":7 !344X:300,:442 )0.1}L,20:0:1800  mn=1 x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=63950n  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 !0:mn=2:3000 v=101e3950n  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b#8000@+(n-1)*502: "pap,ink,bor,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ B:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:0  800 : !7:" ":" "; "6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &6v$="*"7:0:" ":1800:8204 (v$:804$ 4 :pap:3:7:ink:  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all":10 ,1;"questions in the section":12 ,1;"CORRECT.":1:14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) df,l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ '6:l,c;(64@+k);:7  l(a(k))=k k 0.5,0:1800  c$="":c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=l(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "df,l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (d1:19,2;"Press the ";:6:0:"LETTER";:7:1:" by the" ,a1:20,2;g$;" ";:6:21,16-(l$)/2;l$;:7:ink 1 c$="":c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @7c$=(64@+l(nq))c$=(96`+l(nq))1650r J. 2:20,2;"WRONG ";:ink:20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(nq));:1:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:21,1;" RIGHT";:ink:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:6:0:l,c;"":7:1850::1800 st=q1700 w 1670  k=k+1 wq=01675 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1675  1677 k>qk=1:1673  1673 nq=l(k):1562  1000  221,8;"Press SPACE to continue";  c$="":c$= c$01805   c$="":c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 & c$="":c$= (c$01830& *!0:21,2;b$: :df=1l,c;l$ ? X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Z c$="":c$= \c$="*"start ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 gh$,pap,ink,bor,m$,n$::6:0:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:pap:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200    t=0 K6:0:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:7:0 U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 |1800:6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;m$:20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$ c$="*"21004 c$="p"2080  c$="i"2290 c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="s"2650Z c$="b"2750 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh  c$="":c$= c$="*"490  2020  p:p: *x=a:y=b:a,b ,x,y .1;a-x,b-y: > -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 @2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";:3,9 ;t$ " "  q=0 df,l$ l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink ar,x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=141800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r 21,0;" "; v=99cb=1:e=q i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b))+b y=(*(e-b))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h  j:0.05|L,(-10 +i):i 9i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i  2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 i:i: 0.2~L,0:1800  k=1:nq=a(k):2450  gf=0 7:0:19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";:20,2;b$:20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$ df,l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl  2410j :0.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :1800:2390V + 2370B .gf=0:6:1:20,2;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1850::1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G Vb=2:gf=0gf=1:6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :7:0:2450 :2305 X6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;"The correct answer was":20,2;l$;:gf=0:7:0:1800:2450 :2370B ` 1000 j n c$="":c$= o&c$=0ůc$=13 2410j pc$="*"530 q>c$=12 w$="":21,2;" ":2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ y c$="":c$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y 19,2;b$; 20,2;b$; 21,2;b$;  nl:nl=07: >6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:7 0 m6:nl=3w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..":20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; *7:0:lf=11800  x,y,a,b x,y 1;a-x,b-y  (x,y,r 2x,y,r 7 Zm dp=4000+(m*502) ip n l,c,t$ l,c;t$;  x,y i=-11 j=-11 x+i,y+j j i  421,1;b$:nh:2020:1800: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: x,y,h,w 5x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0:  x,y,w,h,a a=a*/180 x,y:w-x,h-y,a: T1:ar=1"" Uar=2"" Var=3"" War=4"" Xar=5"" Zar=6"" [ar=7"" \ar=8"" ]ar=9 "?" ^ 0: :7 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d + 1 ,.x$" " 0,16-(x$/2);x$ ./h$:2,2;h$:n=1:m=1 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:7 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:0 b(3+n),4;h$ q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 >"":" ";:1:"Press a LETTER to choose";:7 v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ 0v$:20,0;v$:7:0 0:7 c$="":c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 #"DIAGRAMS & IDEAS IN CHEMISTRY" "Finding formulae" "Copper and its compounds" "Carbon cycle" "Nitrogen cycle"  "Standard solutions" "Finish using the program" "*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST" "Explanation" "Do you know the names" "Can you recognise the items" "Choose another TOPIC"  "Finish using the program" "*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  ,134,"d",22,134,"d",18,102f B"l",22,135,64@,135,"l",30,152,34",136,"d",502,136,"d",546,152,"l",28,150,28,152,"d",568,152,"d",568,150,"l",44,,152,44,,154,"d",40(,154,"d",40(,152,"h",5006 "i",0,"t",2,12 ,"Measure the mass","t",3,15,"of a crucible","i",1,"t",4,12 ,"clean the Mg ribbon","i",0,"t",6,12 ,"Find the ---- of the","t",7,15,"cooled crucible","i",1,"t",8,12 ,"continue heating un-","t",9 ,14,"til -------- stops","i",0,"t",10 ,12 ,"weigh --------, lid","t",11 ,15,"and Mg ribbon" "i",1,"t",12 ,12 ,"allow the apparatus","t",13 ,15,"to ----","i",0,"t",14,12 ,"begin -------","i",1,"t",16,12 ,"lift the crucible","t",17,15,"--- occasionally","i",0,"h",5009 "p",5,"t",11 ,2,"STEP 1","t",12 ,2,"STEP 2","t",13 ,2,"STEP 3","t",14,2,"STEP 4","t",15,2,"STEP 5","t",16,2,"STEP 6","t",17,2,"STEP 7","t",18,2,"STEP 8","p",7,"h",5011 "l",44,,124|,480,124|,"l",64@,120x,76L,128,"l",60<,135,68D,144 "*" :1,"mass",9 ,6,21,0,"maswei" ;1,"reaction",9 ,9 ,18,0,"rea" <1,"crucible",9 ,10 ,18,0,"cru" ;1,"cool",9 ,13 ,18,0,"coolos" A1,"heating",9 ,14,18,0,"heawarto " 71,"lid",9 ,17,15,0,"lid" J0,"gauze mat/clay mat",9 ,3,8,0,"gaumatcla" 80,"tripod",9 ,5,9 ,0,"tri" B0,"bunsen burner",9 ,6,6,0,"bunbur" @0,"clean the ..",9 ,11 ,8,10 ,"cle" B0,"measure the ..",9 ,12 ,8,11 ,"mea" E0,"weigh crucible ..",9 ,13 ,8,12 ,"wei" A0,"begin heating",9 ,14,8,13 ,"beg" ?0,"lift the ..",9 ,15,8,14,"lif" G0,"continue heating ..",9 ,16,8,15,"con" @0,"allow the ..",9 ,17,8,16,"all" ?0,"find the ..",9 ,18,8,17,"fin"  0,"*" 4"Copper and its compounds",7,0,7 j"Look at the information on","the flow-lines",1,12 ,"labels",4,"of the labels","labels" "A reaction sequence is used to","show the different compounds","of an element and their","reactions. Your task is to","identify the compounds and the","colours of some of them.","*" "x",174,134,20,76L,"i",1,"t",3,22,"CuSO(aq)","i",0,"t",4,22,"colour","h",5105 |"l",174,136,144,136,"d",128,120x,"l",128,124|,128,120x,"d",132,120x,"x",86V,102f,12 ,68D,"l",148,114r,148,118v,"d",182,118v,"d",192,128,"l",188,128,192,128,"d",192,124|,"t",6,20,"HO","h",5106 "l",174,144,92\,144,"l",96`,148,92\,144,"d",96`,140,"x",22,134,20,70F,"t",4,3,"colour","t",2,12 ,"NaCO","h",5107 "l",524,134,524,128,"t",6,4,"heat","l",524,118v,524,108l,"l",480,112p,524,108l,"d",568,112p,"l",68D,134,80P,128,"l",80P,132,80P,128,"d",76L,128,"t",6,10 ,"CO","x",22,86V,20,60<,"t",10 ,3,"colour","h",5108 "l",82R,92\,190,92\,"l",186,96`,190,92\,"d",186,88X,"t",11 ,11 ,"----+carbon","x",190,78N,20,60<,"t",11 ,24,"colour","h",5120 "l",212,78N,212,480,"l",208,524,212,480,"d",216,524,"t",13 ,24,"HNO","x",142,30,12 ,100d,"t",17,18,"Cu(NO)(aq)","h",5110 "l",142,36$,112p,36$,"l",116t,40(,112p,36$,"d",116t,32 ,"t",18,14,"OH","x",22,30,12 ,84T,"l",44,,42*,44,,64@,"t",13 ,4,"heat","l",44,,72H,44,,84T,"l",40(,80P,44,,84T,"d",480,80P,"t",15,10 ,"gentle heat","l",182,42*,182,46.,"d",132,46.,"d",132,60<,"l",128,568,132,60<,"d",136,568,"x",70F,62>,12 ,92\,"l",76L,62>,76L,58:,"d",60<,58:,"d",60<,62>,"l",60<,73I,60<,84T,"l",568,80P,60<,84T,"d",64@,80P,"h",5112 "t",5,13 ,"----" "*" I"l",196,98b,196,124|,"l",192,122z,196,124|,"d",200,122z,"t",8,21,"HSO","l",228,134,228,104h,"l",224,108l,228,104h,"d",232,108l,"t",6,25,"electr-","t",7,25,"olysis","h",5109  ;1,"CuCO(s)",9 ,3,3,0,"cuco"  <1,"CuSO(s)",9 ,8,11 ,0,"cuso"  91,"CuO(s)",9 ,9 ,3,0,"cuo(" >1,"Cu(OH)(s)",9 ,17,3,0,"cu(o" ?1,"Cu(NO)(s)",9 ,13 ,9 ,0,"cu(n" :1,"Cu(s)",9 ,10 ,24,0,"cu(s" 91,"heat",9 ,11 ,11 ,0,"heat" K0,"green or greeny blue",9 ,4,9 ,0,"greepale" 90,"black",9 ,10 ,9 ,0,"blac" F0,"brown or pink",9 ,11 ,30,0,"browpink" @1,"-HO",9 ,5,13 ,0,"-h2otakeminu" 80,"blue",9 ,4,28,0,"blue"  0,"*" P("Carbon cycle",7,0,7 Qp"Follow the movement of the","carbon around the cycle",1,6,"stages",3,"of the stage","stage" R"Carbon is one of the elements","in all organic living matter.","When living organisms respire","carbon dioxide is released. The","carbon dioxide is absorbed by","plants and converted into","carbohydrates. When animals eat","the plant they use the","carbohydrates as food and during","respiration energy is released","from the food and carbon dioxide","released."," ","Your task is to identify the","stages of the cycle.","*" T"x",102f,78N,20,60<,"i",1,"t",10 ,13 ,"carbon","t",11 ,13 ,"dioxide","i",0,"h",5205U U"l",102f,78N,80P,568,"l",80P,60<,80P,568,"d",84T,568,"x",22,46.,12 ,524,"t",13 ,5,"photosynthesis","h",5206V V3"l",20,58:,12 ,64@,"d",12 ,106j,"d",32 ,120x,"l",28,120x,32 ,120x,"d",32 ,116t,"x",20,126~,12 ,60<,"t",9 ,2,"f","t",10 ,2,"o","t",11 ,2,"o","t",12 ,2,"d","h",5207W W"l",84T,132,120x,104h,"l",120x,108l,120x,104h,"d",116t,104h,"t",7,6,"respiration","h",5208X X"l",36$,126~,36$,104h,"l",32 ,108l,36$,104h,"d",40(,108l,"l",36$,58:,36$,72H,"l",32 ,68D,36$,72H,"d",40(,68D,"x",30,78N,20,524,"t",11 ,4,"fuels","l",82R,88X,98b,88X,"l",94^,92\,98b,88X,"d",94^,84T,"h",5209Y Y"l",140,100d,176,136,"l",172,136,176,136,"d",176,132,"x",166,142,12 ,84T,"h",5210Z Z"l",220,142,220,112p,"l",216,116t,220,112p,"d",224,116t,"x",198,94^,12 ,524,"t",6,22,"deposition","h",5211[ ["l",228,94^,228,72H,"l",224,76L,228,72H,"d",232,76L,"t",11 ,26,"decay","x",214,546,12 ,36$,"h",5212\ \"l",214,568,192,568,"d",168,80P,"l",168,76L,168,80P,"d",172,80P,"t",13 ,21,"heat","h",5213] ]"*" o91,"animals",9 ,5,3,0,"ani" pB1,"fossil",9 ,10 ,4,0,"foscoaoilgas" q91,"plants",9 ,15,3,0,"pla" r=1,"hard water",9 ,3,21,0,"har" s?1,"shells",9 ,9 ,25,0,"shelimcal" t>1,"rock",9 ,14,27,0,"roclimcal" u 0,"*" *"Nitrogen cycle",7,0,7 "Follow the path of the","nitrogen around the cycle",1,9 ,"words/symbols",2,"of the word/symbol","word/symbol" "Nitrogen is an important element","in the function of living","organisms and in their ","production of protein."," ","Your task is to complete the","words or chemical symbols","appropriate at each stage.","*" q"x",188,132,20,60<,"i",1,"t",4,24,"protein","i",0,"h",5305 "l",188,148,160,148,"l",164,152,160,148,"d",164,144,"x",122z,140,16,32 ,"h",5306 "x",20,140,16,24,"t",3,6,"+ N","l",84T,148,120x,148,"l",116t,152,120x,148,"d",116t,144,"t",5,4,"the Haber","t",6,5,"Process","h",5307 "t",5,17,"+","x",132,108l,16,24,"l",140,108l,140,88X,"l",136,92\,140,88X,"d",144,92\,"x",124|,68D,16,40(,"h",5308 D"t",10 ,3,"lightning","t",12 ,3,"N","l",44,,76L,72H,76L,"l",68D,80P,72H,76L,"d",68D,72H,"x",76L,68D,16,32 ,"l",108l,76L,120x,76L,"l",116t,80P,120x,76L,"d",116t,72H,"h",5309 "l",140,68D,140,568,"l",136,60<,140,568,"d",144,60<,"x",108l,36$,16,64@,"h",5310 )"l",108l,524,480,524,"l",524,568,480,524,"d",524,480,"x",20,36$,16,24,"l",44,,36$,104h,36$,"l",100d,40(,104h,36$,"d",100d,32 ,"t",18,4,"bacteria","h",5311 "l",172,44,,184,44,,"l",180,480,184,44,,"d",180,40(,"x",188,28,24,64@,"i",1,"t",17,24,"protein","i",0,"l",244,524,160,136,"l",164,136,160,136,"d",160,132,"t",11 ,24,"decay","l",244,524,244,128,"l",240,124|,244,128,"d",248,124|,"t",9 ,28,"food","h",5312 "*" 31,"H",9 ,3,3,0,"h2" 41,"N",9 ,16,3,0,"n2" 61,"NO",9 ,12 ,10 ,0,"no" 41,"O",9 ,7,17,0,"o2" 51,"NH",9 ,3,16,0,"nh" 71,"HNO",9 ,12 ,16,0,"hn" :1,"nitrate",9 ,16,14,0,"ni" 81,"plant",9 ,16,24,0,"pl" 81,"animal",9 ,3,24,0,"an"  0,"*" ."Standard solutions",7,0,7 "This describes the process of","making a standard solution",1,5,"words/steps",3,"of the word/step","word/step" "Chemical reactions often occur","in solution. It is useful to","have a solution with a known","concentration. One way is to","make a standard solution. In","this a known mass of solute is","dissolved in a solvent to","produce an exact volume of","solution. The solution's ","concentration is usually given","in mol/dm. A graduated flask","is used to measure the volume","accurately.","*" "l",58:,128,58:,112p,"a",58:,112p,568,96`,90Z,"l",568,96`,66B,96`,"a",66B,96`,64@,112p,90Z,"l",64@,112p,64@,128,"l",524,136,60<,128,"d",60<,112p,"l",70F,136,62>,128,"d",62>,112p,"l",65A,135,64@,136,"d",80P,144,"d",74J,156,"d",58:,148,"d",579,149 "l",38&,136,38&,132,"d",32 ,132,"d",32 ,108l,"d",502,108l,"d",502,132,"d",44,,132,"d",44,,136,"l",40(,114r,40(,144,"d",568,144,"l",42*,114r,42*,142,"d",568,142,"l",39',132,39',136,"l",43+,132,43+,136,"l",32 ,124|,40(,124|,"l",42*,124|,502,124|,"h",5407 q"t",2,12 ,"weigh out the solute","t",3,15,"into a ------","i",1,"t",4,12 ,"dissolve in a -----","t",5,15,"volume of solvent","i",0,"t",6,12 ,"cork the flask and","t",7,15,"----- it","i",1,"t",8,12 ,"rinse the beaker;","t",9 ,15,"add to the -----","i",0  {"t",10 ,12 ,"---- the flask to","t",11 ,15,"the ----","i",1,"t",12 ,12 ,"stopper the flask","t",13 ,15,"and ----- it","i",0,"t",14,12 ,"add the -------- to","t",15,15,"the flask","i",1,"t",16,12 ,"bring the level","t",17,14,"nearly to the ----","i",0,"h",5410" ""p",5,"t",11 ,2,"STEP 1","t",12 ,2,"STEP 2","t",13 ,2,"STEP 3","t",14,2,"STEP 4","t",15,2,"STEP 5","t",16,2,"STEP 6","t",17,2,"STEP 7","t",18,2,"STEP 8","p",7,"h",5412$ $"*" 7;1,"small",9 ,4,26,0,"smatin" 8>1,"flask",9 ,9 ,26,0,"flagramar" 991,"beaker",9 ,3,22,0,"bea" :81,"fill",9 ,10 ,12 ,0,"fil" ;81,"mark",9 ,11 ,19,0,"mar" <91,"shake",9 ,13 ,19,0,"sha" =<1,"solution",9 ,14,20,0,"sol" >81,"neck",9 ,17,28,0,"nec" ?81,"label",9 ,7,15,0,"lab" @<0,"weigh ..",9 ,11 ,8,10 ,"wei" A?0,"dissolve ..",9 ,12 ,8,11 ,"dis" B>0,"add the ..",9 ,13 ,8,12 ,"add" C@0,"rinse the ..",9 ,14,8,13 ,"rin" D@0,"bring the ..",9 ,15,8,14,"bri" E?0,"fill the ..",9 ,16,8,15,"fil" FB0,"stopper the ..",9 ,17,8,16,"sto" G?0,"cork the ..",9 ,18,8,17,"cor" H 0,"*" XA2,"Diagram: crucible, lid, gauze","tripod, bunsen burner" YA2,"Here is a list of the","instructions but not in order" ZD2,"You have to decide the best","order for the instructions" ['1,"The outline is now complete" 12,"Start with copper sulphate","solution" =2,"copper sulphate can exist in","a crystalline form" F2,"With sodium carbonate solution","it gives copper carbonate" I2,"copper carbonate is decomposed","by heat to give copper oxide" 32,"copper oxide can be reduced","to copper" 82,"electrolysis will break copper","sulphate up" D2,"copper dissolves in nitric","acid to form copper nitrate" I2,"copper nitrate can be changed","by two ways into copper oxide" '1,"The outline is now complete" )1,"Start with carbon dioxide gas" >2,"plants convert carbon dioxide","into carbohydrates" C1,"animals eat the plants for","food and absorb the carbon" G2,"When animals respire energy","is released and CO generated" F2,"when animals and plants die","they can become fossil fuels" <2,"Rain water containing CO","falls on carbonates" H2,"Sea creatures make shells from","the carbonates in the water" <2,"The sea creatures die and the","shells form rock" D2,"when the rock is heated carbon","dioxide gas is released" #1,"The outline is complete" %1,"Start with animal protein" '1,"This can decay into ammonia" @2,"Ammonia is manufactured from","hydrogen and nitrogen" @2,"The energy can combine NH","with oxygen to give NO" F2,"The energy in a lightning","flash can make O and N react" 02,"The nitric acid can form a","nitrate" F2,"These nitrates can be broken","down to N and made from N" H2,"Nitrates are used by plants to","make protein and so on & on" '1,"The outline is now complete"  <2,"Diagram: beaker,solvent,funnel","graduated flask" !>2,"Here are the instructions but","in the wrong order" ";2,"You have to fit the","instructions to the steps" #'1,"The outline is now complete" @0e=13:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: r0e=18:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: 0e=19 :nm:nd:e:nm:1800: 0e=18:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: 0e=13:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: #)!1,"Measured on a balance" #*62,"When substances join together","chemically" #+92,"The container in which the","ribbon is heated" #, 1,"To lose heat energy" #-%1,"The temperature is rising" #."1,"On top of the crucible" #/@2,"To support the crucible and to","spread the heat out" #062,"To support the gauze etc with","three legs" #1C2,"This burns gas and produces","heat from chemical energy" #2'1,"To remove any oxide coating" #3"1,"The crucible by itself" #41,"All together" #51,"Light the bunsen" #61,"Let gases out" #71,"carry on" #81,"It is too hot" #91,"weigh again" #X 0 #[1,"A greeny blue solid" #\;2,"a white powder often used as","a test for water" #]1,"a black solid" #^!1,"contains OH and Cu" #_1,"contains nitrogen" #`1,"a metal" #a$1,"to raise the temperature" #b1,"the colour of grass" #c1,"as .... as night" #d(1,"all coloured paints mixed up" #e=2,"this is removed and so must","start with a - sign" #f1,"as .... as the sky" #1,"These eat plants" #%1,"Examples are coal and oil" #"1,"These need CO to grow" #1,"HCO(aq)" #32,"HCO is deposited as","animal 'houses'" #)1,"Examples: limestone and chalk" #H2,"3 mol reacts with 1 mol of N","forming N? -an alkaline gas" #;2,"clover,lupins,peas and beans","can fix this gas" #32,"one of the oxidized forms","of nitrogen" #92,"an important gas for all","animals and plants" #(1,"the only common alkaline gas" #72,"a mineral acid found in","thunderstorm rain" #!1,"a salt of nitric acid" # 1,"second class protein" #$1,"first class, meaty stuff" #-2,"Only just enough to dissolve","it" ##1,"Round bottomed in shape" #*1,"Straight sides and a wide neck" #1,"To put liquid in" #32,"A line drawn on the side of","the flask" #D2,"You do this to make sure that","the solute has dissolved" #/2,"The result of a solute","dissolving" #"1,"The opening in a flask" #72,"So that you can read what is","in the flask" #1,"Use a balance" #*1,"To make the solute 'disappear'" #22,"To move from the beaker to","the flask" #@2,"To make sure all the solution","is out of the beaker" #12,"To add the final amount of","solution" #/2,"To make sure no liquid can","escape" $*1,"To add nearly all the solution" $(1,"Label as the final operation" ' 1," " B fCx