LearnChess;8=5a=259+23635S\+256*23636T\:a :637997:5,0;"Loading Master Routines." 23297[,0 !"object"638008,1735 55,0;"This load takes about 2 minutes."  "routines" #![6![[S\  a]n]]object 8>2G>2tͺ>2G> 2t͛!:( y:G ͛! >Wq !8v>@ *)))))c>2>2> 2:2:2~#"2:=2( ͖:> 2:=2 >2:=2:2:<2*~#c:2!F(5!F -:xO:O! > >!F(<2I:xG:Oo&))))) :xO! ~>(<2:G@gxgxo:Go!:O F!F(//![>(![6#67!h !h :<=(:= :2!:w!5:<=(:= :2!:w!5!5 *[:`h2:0G>2X:2X:2X:2X![z!6d#6#6d#6:\G:\G:o:g>Xg:\wK*S\[S"V#^"E\B#^#V> #[K\R *0(+6*< *"͵+! < K+B88( ` ""**KB"DM!K\>^#VR0 Br+s##= R#DM(+6< á(+6*"ë*S\"͵+" "5f*v@`@@  `  0  @p@@@` 0 0     0+p``@@@` 0? @  @@` 0 +?    d1d2l1ser:605] aa$=q650 b0500:l1,l1,h$:l1=a$:i=ol1:h$:g$:i g>500+d*l1:start,ed,e$:i=oed:s(i):i:sct:600X :500:l1,l2,h$ 64681,184:64682,11 :64684,(l1/256):64683,l1-256*(l1/256):64967 Pk7:k7:q::799:g$:0,6;g$::l1:i=ol1:h$:i;"=";h$:i fzh,q;"Which Part do you want?":"(Enter 0 to stop)":sna:l3=a$:l3l12815 :705 l3=q65535: 502:g1:i=ol3:g,h:i:i=16:23298[+i,(u$(g+(t-g)*(g-g1=o)*(h=o),i)):i:i=19 :23304[+i,w$(p-h,i):i:23297[,l3:23314[,g:23298[,h:23315[,g1: g1=23315[:g=23314[:h=23298[:" LOADING INSTRUCTIONS"::"1. The Part you require is the ":" ";:i=16:¾(23298[+i);:i:" program on ";:i=19 :¾(23304[+i);:i:" side of the cassette tape." Ci=1::h=0i=2:"2. Turn the cassette over.": Cgg1h=0i=i+1:i;". Rewind the Tape."::g1=0 Պi=i+1:i;". Press Play on your tape recorder, and wait about ";(g-g1)*2:" minutes while the program loads." (g-g1)>1:"NOTE:If you're confident enough,you can locate the program more quickly by (after Step ";i-1;") pressing Fast Forward (for no more than ";(g-g1-1)*7;" seconds), stopping the tape, then pressing Play.":899 :i+1;". After the program has loaded, there will be a 30 second delay before it runs. During this time, the material you have selected is being merged with the Master routines." E"Introductory Course.",5,"The Board, Starting Play, Pawns ,and Knights","Bishops, Rooks, Queen, King and Castling Introduction","Castling Exercises, Check, Checkmate and Stalemate Introduction","Stalemate Exercises, Perpetual Check, Capture, and Pins","Forks, Double Attacks, and Skewers" !"Part"+(23297[):9 -b(l)=(65509+(a$(l))-96`) +c(l)=zf*(a$(l)-97a)+120x "d(l)=136-zf*(a$(l)) 6e(l)=a7+a$(l)-97a+(64@-a$(l+o)*k8) j=q:l=q:sbs:zh,q; &t$-j<33!l1=t$-j:1020 0i=ozo:l1=zo+o-i:t$(j+l1)" "i:1030 #l=l+o:l>tskc:sbs:zh,q;:l=o t$(j+ol1+j):j=j+l1 j96`)1210  a$="1"+a$:sfs:sfx:  spb:skc: k7:k7::shc:  spb:sfz:  spb:spm:skc:  M(a$(op)"00"ưa$(op)<91[)a$(rt),q+o*(a$(op)90Z)a$(rt),o;a$(op)-90Z;" ..... "; Ha$(rt),r+e*((a$(op)="00"Űa$(op)>90Z));a$(de);"-";a$(k7k8) $a$=a$(dk8):sm:c$""2224 c$=""t,q;y$  l1=q:1320( l1=p:1320( #l1=r (z=l1zg:z,q;y$:z: Fd::d::l3=o:1360P Kd::d:l3=p RO64496:n=qr:m=qr:t:a1,98b+p*n:a2,502+p*m:64500 i0a1,97a+p*n:a2,491+p*m:64500 j4k7:a1,98b+p*n:a2,491+p*m:64500 l0a1,97a+p*n:a2,502+p*m:64500 nm:n:d:l3=p }1q:i=ok8:q,p*i+zc;(96`+i):i:l3=p 4i=ok8:zh-p*i,31;i:i:119w,168 6129,q:q,-129:-129,q:q,129  d:q:sh: -zd,q;"enter ";:z$="r""rank":1460 "file" zf,q; sin a$= a$="x"1498 z$="f"1490 -a$<491ůa$>568p1,q:1465  1495 .a$<97aůa$>104hp1,q:1465 a$:zd,q;y$ Qa$=x$t,q;e;"Correct";d;" ":y$:y$:zf,q;y$:t$=r$:spz:1499 Lt,q;e;"Wrong.";d;" Try":"again ,or type":"x for solution":1450 Gt,q;"The correct":"answer is ";x$;" ":y$:zf,q;y$:t$=r$:spz  Ozd,q;"Type y for yes":"or n for no ":a$="":b$="":zf,q;y$:e,q;:i1=q sin !n$=:n$="n"n$="y"1525 ser:1500 n$="y"a$="yes":1549   a$="no"  zf,q;a$: over=o:sw1=q:1558 spb over=o:sw1=o:1558 over=q:sw1=q (xs=c(o):ys=d(p):xe=c(r):ye=d(t) ,7xd=xe-xs:yd=ye-ys:max=((xd)ƽxdȽyd)+(ydƽyd>xd) @#a5,over:a6,e(o):sw=qe(o),q Jxd=xd/max:yd=yd/max:y4,max Oxd=qy2,q:y5,q:1620T Qy2,o/(xd):y5,o/(xd) Tyd=qy3,q:y6,q:1625Y Vy3,o/(yd):y6,o/(yd) Y6y7,xd+256*(xd=-o):y1,yd+256*(yd=-o) [a3,c(o):65484,d(p) \'max=zfy4,zo:y2,p:y5,p:y3,p:y6,p ^64420 ce(r),a6:y8 h$a6=eža6=zba6,a6-p:1642j i 1646n j"a$="e1c1"a$="a1d1":1558 k"a$="e1g1"a$="h1f1":1558 l"a$="e8g8"a$="h8f8":1558 m"a$="e8c8"a$="a8d8":1558 n sw1=oskc q r'a$="":zd,q;"Enter a number":y$:y$ wsin ~a$= fg=pa$="x"1670 3a$<480ůa$>5792815 :1655w zd,q;y$:y$:a$  Na$="":i1=q:ze,q;"(type b or w)":zd,q;"black or white":zf,q;y$:zf,q; sin !n$=:n$="b"n$="w"1768 ser:1750  n$="w"a$="white":1770  a$="black" a$  zd,q;y$: spb:sy:1809  spb:sna:1809  spb:snb:1809  spb:sbw !t,q;y$:t,q;:a$x$e;"In"; @e;"correct":t$=r$:spb:f$""a$=f$:f$="":sfz:18499 0skc 9zf,q;y$:t,q;y$: :Ez$="m":fg=o:err=q:spb:t,q;"Choose a move ":"(or 0 to exit)": I7v=o̱x$/t:v;" ";x$(v*t-rv*t-p);"-";x$(v*t-ov*t):v N7sna:num=a$:numx$/t2815 :1870N Xd,q;y$:num=q b<t,q;"Choice : ";x$(num*t-rnum*t-p);"-";x$(num*t-onum*t) g-a$=x$(num*t-rnum*t):sm:c$""2224 kl1=d:1320(:zf,q;y$: lBi1=q:err=q:a$="":zd,q;"enter ";:z$="r""route":1904p mz$="m""move":1904p n z$="d""diagonal":1904p o "square" p7zf,q;y$:y$:zf,q;:fg=oze,q;"Type x to exit":; qfg=pze,q;"(x for answer)": rfg=qze,q;"(z to correct)" tsin {!n$=:n$="z"p1,zb:1900l ~i1=i1+o:fg=q1925 %n$="x"zf,q;y$:err=o:1999 z$"s"1935 i1*30+1910v i1*zp+1930 (n$<96`ůn$>104h1985 n$;:a$=a$+n$:1908t 'n$<491ůn$>5681985 n$;"-";:a$=a$+n$:1908t  1940 'n$<491ůn$>5681985 z$="r"i1e1955 n$:a$=a$+n$:1999  1940 p1,q:i1=i1-o:1908t  1970 zd,q;y$:y$: 8fg=q:err=q:v=o̰x$(o):c(v)=q:v:v=q:spb:zf,q;y$ +t,q;"Enter your ":"responses ":  Hindex=t-p*(x$(p)="s"):index=index+p*(x$(p)="r"):z$=x$(p):fg=q:l1=d v=v+o:v>x$(o)2145a /err=ou=o̰x$(o):c(u)=qc(u)=o:2080  err=ou:2145a !sem:err=ot,q;y$:2065  u=o̰x$(o) ,a$=x$((u-o)*index+ru*index+p)2075 6z$="d"a$=x$(u*t+ou*t+p)+x$(u*t-ou*t)2075 u:21004 4c(u)qt,q;"Tried already":fg=p:y$:2068 2c(u)=o:t,q;e;"Correct";d;" ":fg=q:y$  a$=x$((u-o)*index+ru*index+p) !.v+d,q;v;" ";a$(op);:z$"s""-";a$(rt);: #z$="r""-";a$(de); % 2110> 46t,q;e;"Not correct";d;" ":fg=p:y$:2068 >z$="s"2130R Cz$="r"2135W HDn$="":pn=e(r):pn>epn=pn-e:n$="z"+o$(pn)+a$(rt):2124L I"pn=qn$="x"+a$(rt):2124L Jn$=o$(pn)+a$(rt) L@pn=e(o):pn>epn=pn-e:n$=n$+"z"+o$(pn)+a$(op):2126N Mn$=n$+"w"+o$(pn)+a$(op) O#smz:a$=n$:n$="":sp:2140\ Rsfz:2140\ W,l1=o:ssc:d$=b$:l1=r:ssc:a$=d$+b$:sfz \t,q;y$:y$:2064 a<t,q;"Question over ":"( ";x$(o);" solutions)":skc:scc: csbs: d64378z e 9 fz$="m":2160p kz$="s":2160p oz$="d" pq$=t$:s1=q:cc=o:fg=q:spb qsem:a$=x$2180 rerr=oerr=q:2184 sz$"d"2165u t-a$(op)=x$(rt)a$(rt)=x$(op)2180 uJfg=p:t,q;e;"Wrong.";d;" Try ":"again, or type":"x for solution" z7s1ea$="z"+a$ c$(cc+r)="p"sp:cc=cc+k7: 0c$(cc+r)="c"t,q;"Check ":cc=cc+t: 0c$(cc+r)="m"t,q;"Checkmate ":cc=cc+t: 0c$(cc+r)="d"t,q;"Dble. ch. ":cc=cc+t: 0c$(cc+r)="s"t,q;"Stalemate ":cc=cc+t: %a$="x"+c$(cc+tcc+d):cc=cc+e:sp: k8,q;y$:t$=q$:spb Sl1=(a$(r)-a$(o)):l2=(a$(t)-a$(p)):l1pl2pl1+l2r2310  err=q:  d,q;"Illegal move ":err=o: .@cc=o:b4=q:b3=r:b2=o:l3=d:i1=q:a$="":err=q:z$="m":fg=q 3,scc:spb:d,o;x$(op);" ";:b2=x$(op) 8x$(t)"b"b1=q:2370B =b1=o:d,r;".....":b3=k9 Bv=o(x$-d)/t G!x$(r)="d"x$(r)="x"2390V LO(x$(d)="b"b1=q)(x$(d)="w"b1=o)r,q;"My move ":zf,q;y$:2390V Nr,q;"Your move " Q%sem:err=or,q;y$:y$:2390V SXa$x$(v*t+pv*t+d)r,q;e;"Not correct";d;" ":"Try again ":fg=p:2385Q T*r,q;e;"Correct";d;" ":y$:fg=q V!fg=q:err=q:a$=x$(v*t+pv*t+d) X#b1=ql3>zc638008:l3=l3-o [(vob1=ql3,p-b2;b2;" ";:b4=b4+o ] l3,b3;a$(op);"-";a$(rt):y$ `'b1=b1+o:x$(r)="x"x$(r)="s"b1=b1+o e b1=ob3=k9 j$b1=pb3=r:b2=b2+o:l3=l3+o:b1=q o sm:t,q;y$ p2c$>ccc$(cccc+o)=b2ưc$(cc+p)=b12225 t((x$(r)="d"x$(r)="x")v(x$-d)/tskc ~+x$(r)="x"sw=or,q;"x to exit":="x" 8v:r,q;"Sequence ended":r$:zf,q;y$:x$(d)"x"sbs skc:err=q:fg=q: Oxd=a$(l1+p)-a$(l1):yd=a$(l1+r)-a$(l1+o):max=(xdƽxdȽyd)+(ydƽxd5792815 :2650Z Ha$=a$+n$:a$>pp1,0:ze,q;"Too long ":o:zm:2650Z n$;:2670n zd,q;y$:y$:y$: ed=q2726 start=qes=q:2738 sch Nzp,q;"Are you restarting in this section from an earlier session?":sy a$="yes"edq2729 es=q:r$="":s=q:f$="":c$="":start:2640P :edqzh,q;"Do you want an exercise from this section?":sy:a$="no" ed=q2791 et=o:2750 es=o:start=q2736 ed=q2735 iv$="":es=o:zp,q;"Do you want to see the introduction again?";y$;y$:sy:a$="no"2736 !s=q:r$="":f$="":c$="":start ed=q2790 es=q2750 ed=oet=o:2750 2640P zp,q;"What exercise number do you want to start with? ( 1 to ";ed;")":y$;:y$:y$;:y$:20,q;"(Enter 0 to leave this section.)":y$;:y$;" ":ed>k9snb:2745 sna et=a$ etedser:2740 et=q zk,q;y$;y$;" ":y$ sbf x=eted:sw=q +s=q:f$="":r$="":c$="":ex=x:sex:s(x) x=ed2790 fscc:sbs:zh,q;"Do you want the next exercise inthis section?":sy:a$="no"2640P :2792 sbs:scc:scd x 2640P k7,q;"End of section." Lzp,q;"Do you want to stay in this section?":sy:a$="yes"2729  >q,zf-.5*h$;h$:o,zf-.5*h$;:i=o̱h$:"*";:i  1p1,q:ze,q;"Illegal answer":o:zm:ze,q;y$: o:o:k7::k8,zp;"LEARN CHESS":zp,zp;"BY COMPUTER":zc,e;"Introductory Course":zi,r;" Braveline ltd. MCMLXXXIII"::;" All Rights Reserved":200 :k8,q;"THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS TAPE IS THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF BRAVELINE LTD.":::;"UNAUTHORISED USAGE, COPYING, PUBLICATION OR REPLICATION OF THE MATERIAL IS AN INFRINGEMENT OF THE COPYRIGHT.":250 700 pPart1 ?OPN`AO3920P,6,"Part 1","THE BOARD","z","STARTING PLAY","z","THE PAWN-BASIC","z","EN PASSANT","z","PAWN PROMOTION","z","THE KNIGHT","z" Y2,2,1,3,1,1,0,2,0,3,0 C3000 ,4,"",3035 ,3045 ,3060 ,3070 3080 ,0,"" d3185q ,7,"",3215 ,3225 ,3235 ,3260 ,3275 ,3285 ,3310 "3355 ,1,"",3395C  83430f ,3,"",3465 ,3490 ,3515 3525 ,11 ,"",3560 ,3570 ,3580 ,3600,3675[,3685e,3700t,3720,3625),3855,3810 d:d::sbb:t$="Here is the Chess Board. It has 8 ranks (rows) and 8 files (columns). The squares are alternately black and white. Notice that the top left-hand corner is always white." spz €srb:t$="Here are the files. They are lettered from a to h. You can see the c file being flashed.":a$="c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8":spf xsrf:t$="These are the ranks. They are numbered 1 to 8. You can see rank 4 being flashed.":a$="a4b4c4d4e4f4g4h4":spf ka$="id5":sp:t$="This shows a Bishop on the 5th rank, on the d file. This position is d5.":a$="d5":spf pt$="The diagonals are also important. You can see the diagonal a2-g8 being flashed.":a$="a2b3c4d5e6f7g8":spf  ۈr$="The pawn moved up the g file.":z$="f":a$="pg2":sp:t$="What file is the white pawn moving up?":spb:a$="g2g6":sm:x$="g":swr  ?a$="zrb4":sp:t$="What rank is the rook moving across?":spb Ra$="b4g4":smn:r$="The rook moved across the fourth rank.":x$="4":z$="r":swr  9t$="What square is the white queen on?":a$="qf5":sp 1r$="The queen is on square f5.":x$="f5":sws: Ct$="Which diagonal is the black bishop moving up?":a$="zif1":sp Wspb:a$="f1a6":x$="f1a6":r$="The bishop moved along the f1-a6 diagonal.":sm:swd: sbf st$="I am going to show you the starting positions of the various pieces. Which piece would you like to see?":spb $t,q;:i=ok7:i;" = ";p$(i,o):i 1sna:n9=a$:n9k72815 :3095 v=n9:n9=k7v=oe a$=m$(v,o):sp:n9=k7v !]n9=dn9=k7t$="Notice that the queen always starts play standing on it's own colour.":spz #n9=k73135? &-t$="Would you like another piece?":spb:sy + zf,q;y$ 5 a$="yes"scd:sbs:3095 :gt$="Exercises on the starting positions are given under the sections for the individual pieces.":spz ?Yt$="Starting play. Play is started with a full board, as shown above.":spb:n9=k7skc D'n9k7scd:v=oe:a$=m$(v,o):sp:v Int$="White has the first move, with Black following. Each player then moves alternately. Here is an example." Nr$="":x$="01dwwd2d4d7d5b1c3e7e6":snm:t$="Note how the moves are recorded (on the left-hand side of the screen). Move 1 refers to both White's and Black's first move.":spz:t$=" The moves are recorded by referring to the starting and finishing square for the piece that moves.":spz St$="Capturing is the subject of a section later in the course, but for the moment, you need to understand the basic rule.":spz Xt$="In CHESS , the capturing piece moves to the square occupied by the enemy piece, which is then removed from the board.":spz:t$="Note that you do NOT capture in CHESS by jumping over the captured piece.":spz ]ux$="03dwwc3d5":t$="Here is an example. White's knight on c3 captures Black's pawn on d5.":r$="Pawn captured":snm bwt$="Actually, that was not a good move for White to make. You will see why later in the course.":spb:d,k8;"?":skc gLt$="The question mark you can see records that this was a poor move.":spz l qsch:d,q;"The Pawn is known as the foot- soldier of the Chess board. It has some unique characteristics which distinguish it from the pieces." v@11 ,q;" 1. It always moves forward, never back." {_zd,q;" 2. On it's first move, it can move either one or two squares forward." Hzh,q;" 3. It cannot jump over any other pawn or piece.":skb sch:e,q;" 4. A pawn may capture a pawn or a piece of the opposite colour, but to do this it must move DIAGONALLY forward one square. Pieces directly in front of it are not threatened by it." skb: t$="How many White pawns are on the board at the start of a game?":x$="8":r$="Both sides start the game with 8 pawns.":shm Va$=m$(o,ozg):sp:t$="Here are the White pawns in their starting positions.":spz: ^t$="What rank do the Black pawns occupy at the start of the game?":spb:x$="7":z$="r":swr Ma$=m$(o,zh):t$="Here are the Black pawns on the seventh rank.":sp:spz: `t$="White decides to open with his king's pawn. What moves can he legally make?":a$="pe2":sp x$="2me2e4e2e3":shw:t$="Pawns can only move diagonally when they are capturing another piece. They can never move more than two spaces forward.":spz: ^t$="White has played e2-e4, and Black has responded c7-c6. Can White now move e4-e5?":q$=t$ a$="pe4zpc6":x$="yes":f$="e4e5":sp:r$="A pawn can move one square forward.":syn:t$=q$:t$(75K79O)="e4-e6":x$="no":r$="After it's first move, a pawn can only move forward one square.":syn \t$=q$:t$(75K79O)="e4-e3":r$="Pawns can never move backwards.":x$="no":syn: ˎr$="Pawns move diagonally forward one square when capturing.":a$="pc4zpb5":sp:t$="How does White capture the Black pawn?":x$="c4b5":swm Кt$="There was an alternative move for White. What was it?":a$="pc4zpb5":scd:sp:x$="c4c5":r$="White does not HAVE to capture the Black pawn.":swm: Չa$="pa3c4d4e2f5h2zpa7b6c5d6e7f6":v$=a$:sp:t$="Which White pawns cannot move forward because their way is blocked?":x$="2sc4f5":shw Lt$="With what move can White capture a Black pawn?":x$="d4c5":r$="":swm oa$="pd4zpc5":sp:t$="What are all the other possible moves for White?":x$="6ma3a4d4d5e2e3e2e4h2h3h2h4":shw t$="Notes. 1. The a3 pawn has already moved, so can only move one square forward.":a$="a3":spf:t$="2. White has the option not to capture with the d4 pawn (with d4-c5), and instead can block Black's d6 pawn (with d4-d5).":a$="d4d6":spf t$="3. The e2 and h2 pawns have not yet moved, and still have the option to move forward one or two squares.":a$="e2h2":spf: a$="pa3c4d4e2f5h2":sp:t$="The white pawns are attacking all those squares (10 in all) that are flashing.":a$="b4b5c5d5e5d3f3e6g6g3" spf:a$="zpa7b6c5d6e7f6":sp:t$="What squares are being attacked/defended by the Black pawns at c5 and d6?":x$="4sb4d4c5e5":shw vt$="See how the Black pawns defend each other. Pawn d6 defends c5. What other pawn defends c5?":x$="b6":r$="":sws t$="If it is White to play, can he safely win a pawn by playing d4-c5?":x$="no":r$="Because Black will respond with b6-c5 (or d6-c5).":syn scc:t$=i$:r$="":x$="01dwwd4c5b6c5":snm:a$="pd4zpb6":sp:scc:t$="If it is Black's move, can he gain a pawn?":f$="d4":r$="White's pawn on d4 is undefended.":x$="yes":syn nt$="Watch. There is no White pawn to take Black's pawn on d4.":x$="01dbwc5d4":r$="":snm:a$="pd4zpc5":sp scc:t$="White is attacking 9 vacant squares. How many is Black attacking?":x$="4":f$="a5b4e5g5":r$="Black is attacking four squares.":shm ft$="The conclusion is that White is better placed because he controls more squares than Black.":spz  ksch:e,q;"En passant is a form of capturing that only takes place between pawns. The rules are:" gza,q;" 1. The pawn that captures must be on Rank 5 if it is White, or Rank 4 if it is Black." %:" 2. The captured pawn must be on a file next to the capturing pawn, and must have moved forward two squares on it's first move." *bskb:sch:e,q;" 3. The pawn must be captured immediately following it's first move." /:" 4. The capturing pawn moves diagonally forward one square, as if the captured pawn had only advanced one square on it's first move.":skb 4sch:e,q;"If all this sounds a little complicated, it may help you to remember if you know that the rule was invented to prevent a pawn escaping capture from an attacking pawn by moving forwardtwo spaces on it's first move.":skb 9Lsbf:a$="pf5zpe7":sp:t$="Watch as White takes the Black pawn en passant" >/r$="":c$="021xe5":x$="01dbwe7e5f5e6":snm: Ct$="Here is an exercise on en passant. Watch these preliminary moves carefully.":a$="pa3c4d4e2f5h2zpa7b6c5d6e7f6":sp:v$=a$ Htr$="":x$="01dbxc5d4e2e4":snm:t$="With what move can Black now capture en passant?":c$="010xe4":x$="d4e3":swm Mt$="Suppose White had instead defended the pawn d4 by e2-e3; Black replies c5-d4, followed by e3-e4 from White (like this).":scd:a$=v$:sp:x$="01dwxe2e3c5d4e3e4":snm Rt$="Can Black now capture the e4 pawn en passant?":x$="no":r$="A pawn which has already moved once cannot be captured en passant.":syn Wla$=v$:scd:t$="Another starting sequence could be as shown here.":sp:x$="01dbxe7e5d4c5d6c5":r$="":snm \x$="no":t$="Can White now capture the e5 pawn en passant?":r$="The opportunity to capture en passant must be taken immediately the enemy pawn moves two squares forward.":syn a fsch:t,q;"When a pawn reaches the enemy back rank, it must be exchanged for a piece. This is known as pawn promotion.The rules are:-" k":" 1. Promotion is compulsory." pt:" 2. The promotion is played as part of the same move in which the pawn reaches the back rank." ud:" 3. There is no limit to the number of promoted pieces you can have on the board." zskb:sch:e,q;"Although the pawn is the weakestunit on the Chessboard, this ability to promote it greatly increases it's worth, especiallyin the end-game, when few piecesand pawns remain on the board." zd,q;"A pawn is usually promoted to queen, because of the queen's power. You do not HAVE to do this, however; you can promote to a knight, for example.":skb  a$="pa3c4d4e2f5h2zpa7b6c5d6e7f6":sp:t$="The pawn at h2 is known as a passed pawn.":a$="h2":spf:t$="It's path to the back rank is not blocked or threatened by enemy pawns, either on it's own file or on those next to it." ia$="h2h3h4h5h6h7h8":spf:t$="Are there any other passed pawns in this position?":r$="":x$="no":syn t$="What is the queening square for the pawn h2?":x$="h8":r$="The queening square is the one at which a passed pawn will be promoted, unless halted by an enemy piece.":sws r$="Five moves are needed. Remember a pawn can move two squares forward on it's first move.":t$="How many moves will it take for the h2 pawn to queen?":x$="5":shm ot$="Here is a demonstration of pawn h2 queening.":r$="":x$="01xwwh2h4h4h5h5h6h6h7h7h8":c$="060pqh8":snm: wa$="pa2zph7":v$=a$:t$="This exercise is a pawn race.":sp:spz:t$="You are Black- but I'm having the first move.": _x$="01pwba2a4h7h5a4a5h5h4a5a6h4h3a6a7h3h2a7a8h2h1a8h1":c$="051pqa8060pqh1":r$="I win":snm: a$=v$+"xh1":sp:x$="black":scc:t$="Now it is Black's turn to play first. Who will win the game- Black or White?":r$="Black has the crucial advantage of starting. In a race to promote pawns it is vital to be a move ahead of your opponent.":swb t$="Do you want to see the race?":spb:sy:a$="yes"x$="01dbbh7h5a2a4h5h4a4a5h4h3a5a6h3h2a6a7h2h1a7a8h1a8":c$="060pqh1061pqa8":r$="Black wins":snm  a$="pa3c4d4e2f5h2zpa7b6c5d6e7f6":t$="Which colour would you choose - Black because of the undefended pawn capture c5-d4, or White because of the passed pawn?":x$="white":sp Lf$="h2":r$="The passed pawn at h2 gives White the better chances.":swb: ]sch:e,q;"The knight is the only piece on the Chessboard which can jump over other men." ʢ"It can do this because of it's unusual move - one square along and one square diagonally, or toput it another way, two squares along and one square sideways." D:"Unlike the pawn, it can move backwards as well as forwards." }:"Watch.":skb:sbf:t$="Here is a knight moving from it's start position on b1 to c3.":spb:a$="nb1":sp:a$="b1c3":smn sskc:t$="Notice that the knight ends up on a different coloured square to the one he started on.":a$="b1c3":spf \a$="xc3nb1":sp:t$="What other squares can this knight move to?":r$="":x$="2sa3d2":shw  t$="How many knights does each player have?":x$="2":shm:t$="Each player starts with 2 knights. On which squares do Black's knights start?" qx$="2sb8g8":shw:a$="nb1g1znb8g8":t$="Here are all four knights in their starting positions.":spb:sp:skc: a$="na3d2zng7g6":sp t$="Is a3-b5 a legal move?":q$=t$:x$="yes":r$="A knight moves two squares along and one square sideways.":f$="a3b5":syn:t$=q$:t$(tk8)="d2-c5":x$="no":r$="A knight cannot move 3 spaces along.":syn t$=q$:t$(tk8)="g7-g5":x$="no":f$="":r$="A knight must move one square sideways.":syn:x$="yes":f$="g6e5":t$=q$:t$(tk8)="g6-e5":r$="A knight moves two squares along and one square sideways.":syn: a$="pa2c2e3f2g3h2na1b6ib2g2re2qg1kb1zpa6b7d6e5f5g5h5ng4f3ic6c7ra7qc8kh6":t$="Which move can the a1 knight make?":sp:a$="1a1":sfs:x$="a1b3":swm:a$="0a1":sfs:a$="xb3na1":sp ~a$="1b6":sfs:t$="With what move can the b6 knight capture a Black piece?":x$="b6c8":swm:a$="0b6":sfs:a$="nb6zqc8":sp ja$="1g4":sfs:t$="The knight g4 can jump backwards to what vacant square?":x$="f6":sws:a$="0g4":sfs  ia$="1f3":sfs:t$="The knight f3 can capture a piece. With what move?":x$="f3g1":swm:a$="0f3":sfs: |a$="na1d5kd1zkg8nh4f7":t$="Which squares can the knight a1 jump to?":x$="2sb3c2":sp:a$="1a1":sfs:shw:a$="0a1":sfs: ka$="1d5":sfs:t$="Which squares can the knight d5 jump to?":x$="8sb4c3e3f4f6e7c7b6":shw:a$="0d5":sfs a$="1h4":sfs:t$="How many squares can the knight h4 jump to?":f$="g2f3f5g6":x$="4":r$="This knight controls four squares":shm:a$="0h4":sfs a$="1f7":sfs:t$="How many squares can the knight at f7 move to?":f$="d8d6e5g5h6h8":x$="6":r$="The f7 knight controls 6 squares.":shm:a$="0f7":sfs $t$="The moral to this exercise is: the knight in the centre of the board controls more squares than the other knights.":spz: )Xs$(o,o)="b3d4d4b5a6c7c7b5e6c7c7b5e4d6d6b5b7d6d6b5":q$="b3a6e6e4b7":v=od:c(v)=q:v 3t$="There are five ways in which The White knight can capture the black pawn in three moves. You are White- your move.":spz:sbs 8 fg=q:scd:a$="pb4nc5zpb5":sp =4r$="Pawn captured":z$="m":sem:err=o3915K Bv=od:a$="c5"+q$(v*2-1v*2)c(v)=qsbs:c(v)=o:x$="01xww"+a$+s$(o,v*k8-k7v*k8):t$="Correct. "+i$:fg=q:snm:3660L G3v:zk,q;"Wrong. Try again.";y$:fg=o:3645= LQzh,q;"Moves found :";:v=od:c(v)=o" ";v;". c5-";q$(2*v-op*v);:v:: Q@v:v=od:c(v)=qzk,q;"Next try ":scc:36408+fg*d VIv:sbs:t$="You have found all the moves. Congratulations.":spb:skc: [t$="On which square must a knight be placed to control the flashing squares?":q$=t$:x$="b2":a$="1a4c4d3d1":v$=a$:sfs:sws:a$="0"+v$(p):sfs `t$=q$:a$="1h4e3d4d6e7g7h6g3":x$="f5":v$=a$:sfs:sws:a$="0"+v$(p):sfs:t$=q$:a$="1d7e6g6h7":x$="f8":v$=a$:sfs:sws:a$="0"+v$(2):sfs: eTa$="pb5e5e3f2nd4kc1zpb6e6nd5kh8":t$="Can the White knight capture?":x$="yes":sp jr$="The White knight can capture one of Blacks men. How?":syn:r$="":x$="d4e6":swm:a$="nd4zpe6":sp:t$="Can the Black knight capture without himself being captured?":x$="no": of$="e3f2":r$="Although he can capture the White pawn e3, it is being defended by pawn f2.":syn:t$=i$:x$="01dbbd5e3f2e3":r$="":snm: ta$="pc3f2g3kd2ne4zpb6c4f5g7h6nb5kg8":t$="The White knight is being attacked by a Black pawn - from which square?":sp:v$=a$ ya$="1e4":sfs:x$="f5":r$="":sws:a$="0e4":sfs:t$="Can the knight avoid capture?":x$="no":r$="The knight cannot move safely to any other square.":syn ~Wt$="The squares c3,d2,f2, and g3 are occupied by his own pieces.":a$="c3d2f2g3":spf t$="The squares c5,f6,and g5 are guarded by Black pawns.":a$="c5f6g5":spf:t$="You are White. Try moving e4-d6.":x$="01pwwe4d6b5d6":r$="Knight lost":snm: r$="h1":a$="nh1pa6b5c3d5e4f5g3h5zpa7b6c4d6e5f6g4h6":v$=a$:t$="White to play. Capture all Blacks men with your knight, without moving to the same square twice.":spb:sp:t,q;"My solution ":"takes 13 moves" skc:t$="(You need only enter the square you want the knight to move to)":spb:sw=q:l6=k7:l7=k8:a$="1h1":sfs:3730:a$="0"+r$:sfs:x$="01xwwh1f2f2g4g4h6h6g8g8f6f6e8e8d6d6c4c4e5e5c6c6a7a7c8c8b6":3785 Ul3=q:l5=q:z$="s":q$="":fg=o:l1=q:err=q:v=od:s$(t,zc*v-zbzc*v)=y$(ozc):v s$(t,579)=(o*(l6=k7))  l3=l3+o err=q:sem:err=o3780  a$=r$+a$ sck:err=o3740 ?e(r)=ot,q;"Occupied by ":"a White pawn. ":3740 ll4=k8*(a$(r)-97a)+a$(t):s$(t,l4)="1"t,q;"You've already":"visited ";a$(rt);" ":3740 e(r)=l6l5=l5+1 t,q;y$:y$:s$(t,l4)="1":a$="n"+a$(rt):sp:a$=r$+a$(pr):r$=a$(rt):t,q;"Move ";l3;" ";a$(op);"-";a$(rt);:v=or-l3:" ";:v::y$ 8a$="0"+a$(op):sfs:a$="1"+r$:sfs:l5sem:e(o)pt,q;"Wrong starting":"position":3875# (&2300:err=oerr=q:3875# -@t,q;y$:y$:sm:b2=b2+p:a$=s$(o,b2-ob2):e(o)k7b2=b2+p 2Aa$=s$(o,b2-ob2)+s$(o,b2+rb2+t):e(r)qb2=b2+p:38902 7Mt,q;"My move ":d,q;a$(op);"-";a$(rt):smn:a$(t)"1"3870 <0a6,za:64000:t,q;"I win ":skc: Auu=p̱x$/p:a$="n"+x$(u*p-ou*p):sp:t,q;y$:t,q;"Move ";u-o;" ";x$(u*p-ru*p-p);"-";x$(u*p-ou*p):skc:"x"u F K;t$="Do you want to see the solution?":spb:sy:a$="no" Pu=od:t$="Solution "+u:scd:a$="pb4nc5zpb5":sp:x$="01xww"+"c5"+s$(o,u*k8-k7u*k8-e)+s$(o,u*k8-k7u*k8):r$="":snm:scc:u: YitsZit'sxpa9T{It's path to the back rank is not blocked or threatened by enemy pawns, either on it's own file or on the files next to it.!Part2 NPNN3900<,5,"Part 2","THE BISHOP","z","THE ROOK","z","THE QUEEN","z","THE KING","z","CASTLING - INTRODUCTION","CASTLING" Y3,2,1,3,1,1,0,2,0,3,0 N3000 ,5,"",3025 ,3030 ,3040 ,3045 ,3065 Y3085 ,6,"",3110& ,3135? ,3170b ,3185q ,3195{ ,3205 d3220 ,7,"",3250 ,3440p ,3430f ,3450z ,3290 ,3340 ,3350 o3470 ,8,"",3535 ,3545 ,3555 ,3590,3615,3650B,3655G,3680`  3730,0,"" ssch:d,q;"The Bishop is a long range piecewhich can travel from one cornerof the board to the other in onemove." azp,q;"He can switch quickly from attack to defence, or change thedirection of an attack." D:"A bishop is generally valued as being worth 3 pawns.":skb:sch d,q;"The rules are:"::" 1.A Bishop may only move diagonally."::" 2.He cannot jump over any piece"::" 3.He may capture any enemy piece as previously shown, but if he meets a man of his own colour, he must stop." skb: t$="How many bishops are on the board at the start of a game?":x$="4":r$="There are four bishops to start the game, two Black and two White.":shm:t$="What are their starting squares?":x$="4sc1f1c8f8":shw: t$="The bishop c1 can move to any other square on the diagonals c1-a3 and c1-h6.":a$="ic1f1":sp:a$="c1b2a3d2e3f4g5h6":spf Nt$="What diagonals can the bishop on f1 move along?":x$="2df1h3f1a6":shw: t$="How many directions can the bishop at d5 move in?":a$="zid5":sp:x$="4":r$="Because the bishop is in the centre of the board, he can move in four directions (along the diagonals a2-g8 and a8-h1)":f$="d5c6b7a8e4f3g2h1c4b3a2e6f7g8":shm: a$="ic2pb3f3zic6":t$="Can the White bishop move and attack the Black bishop?":r$="They are both 'white square' bishops, so they can attack each other.":x$="yes":sp:syn kf$="f3":t$="What is the attacking move?":x$="c2e4":r$="The pawn at f3 protects the White bishop.":swm a$="xe4ic2":sp:t$="It is Black to move. Can he capture the pawn at f3 without himself being captured?":r$="The White bishop is not defending f3.":x$="yes":syn:t$="What is the attacking move?":r$="":x$="c6f3":swm t$="This exercise shows how important it is whose turn it is to move. White's move threatens the Black bishop. Black's move captures a pawn.":spz: a$="ic2nf6pb3g7b2f2kd1zkb8id4c6pb7c5f5a7d6":sp:a$="1d4":sfs:t$="What pawns are being attacked by the Black bishop at d4?":x$="2sb2f2":r$="The pawn at g7 is shielded by the White knight":shw:a$="0d4":sfs t$="Given the choice, would you be White or Black in this situation?":x$="white":r$="For which of the following reasons?"::swb t$="1.Because c2-f5 gains a pawn? 2.Because of the pawn at g7?":x$="2":r$="Promoting the White pawn to queen following g7-g8 gives White a winning advantage.":shm %a$="g7g8":smn:a$="qg8":sp:skc: sch:d,q;"The Rook is, like the Bishop, a long range piece. The main difference is that it moves straight along files or ranks. It cannot move diagonally." zc,q;"It can switch quickly from attack to defence, or change thedirection of an attack."::"As a general guide, a Rook is worth 5 pawns."  skb:sch d,q;"The rules are:"::" 1.A Rook may only move straight along ranks or files."::" 2.It cannot jump over any piece (unless it is castling with the King)."::" 3.It may capture any enemy piece, but if it meets a man of it's own colour, it must stop." !skb: &t$="Identify the four squares on which the rooks start the game.":x$="4sa1h1a8h8":r$="":shw:a$="ra1h1zra8h8":sp:t$="Here are the four rooks in their start positions.":spz +|a$="rd4":scd:sp:t$="What are the furthest squares the rook can move to in each direction?":x$="4sd8d1a4h4":r$="":shw 0 5 : ?a$="pa2b2e3h5if1rh1a1qd1ke1zpd7f5a5rf8c8qd8kg8":sp:t$="The rook a1 can only move to two squares. Which ones?":v$=a$:x$="2sb1c1":shw DSt$="What is rook h1's only move along the rank?":x$="h1g1":swm:a$="xg1rh1":sp IMt$="What squares along the file can rook h1 move to?":x$="3sh2h3h4":shw: NJt$="What is the furthest square that rook c8 can move to?":x$="c1":sws SCt$="What are rook f8's possible moves?":x$="3mf8e8f8f7f8f6":shw Xt$="Which rook has the best position on the board?":x$="c8":r$="It is the rook that can move most freely, and cover the most squares.":sws ]t$="Which rook occupies the worst position on the board?":x$="a1":r$="The reasoning is the same. Rooks are best employed on open ranks and files, where they have room to move freely.":sws: br$="The knight e8 is protected by bishop g6, while the bishop is itself protected by pawn h7.":a$="pa4c2c6g4h3re6kg1zph7ne3e8ig6rc4ka8":t$="What rook move can White play, which captures a Black piece, without the White rook itself being captured?":sp:f$="e8g6h7":x$="e6e3":swm ga$="re6zne3":sp:t$="What rook moves can Black make, that capture White pawns, without the Black rook being threatened?":x$="2mc4a4c4c2":shw lea$="g4c6e6h3":t$="Pawn c6 is protected by rook e6, whilst pawn g4 is protected by pawn h3.":spf: qa$="pb3h5rb2ke2zpb7b6h6ka7":sp:a$="1h6":sfs:t$="What is the smallest number of moves with which the rook can capture pawn h6?":x$="3":r$="Three moves is the minimum.":shm vx$="01swwb2d2d2d6d6h6":t$="Now try to find them.":r$="":snm:a$="0h6":sfs:t$="The method by which the rook moves from one part of the board to another is known as a manouvre.":a$="b2c2d2d3d4d5d6e6f6g6h6":spf: {a$="pa2b3c4e2kh6zpa3b4c5e3ra8kh8":sp:t$="What is the smallest number of moves (manouvre) in which the Black rook can attack White's pawns at a2 and e2?":x$="2": ~a$="1a2e2":sfs:r$="Two moves is the minimum.":shm:t$="Now make them.":x$="01swwa8d8d8d2":r$="":snm:a$="0a2e2":sfs: a$="ra1zpa7b7c7d7e7":sp:t$="Can White capture all Blacks pawns before any of them can safely promote to a queen?":r$="The power of the rook is such that he can prevent any pawn safely promoting.":x$="yes":syn dt$="Try to find Whites winning sequence.":x$="01pwwa1a7e7e5a7b7e5e4b7c7e4e3c7d7e3e2d7e7e2e1e7e1": r$="":c$="060pqe1":snm: Tsch:d,q;"The Queen is the most powerful and manouverable piece on the Board." k9,q;"She combines the moves of the Bishop and the Rook; she moves in straight lines, but this can be along ranks, files or diagonals." wze,q;"She is generally valued at eightpawns. Make sure you don't allowher to be captured by a piece oflesser value." skb:sch d,q;"The rules are:"::" 1.A Queen can move backwards or forwards"::" 2.She cannot jump over any piece."::" 3.She may capture any enemy piece, but if she meets a man of her own colour, she must stop." 6:" 4.She always moves in straight lines.":skb: 8t$="On what squares do the two queens start the game?" Fx$="2sd1d8":r$="Note that the queen stands on her own colour.":shw aa$="zqe5":scd:sp:t$="What are the furthest squares the queen can move to in each direction?" %r$="":x$="8sa5b8e8h8h5h2e1a1":shw Ʀt$="How many directions can the White queen move in?":a$="qa2":sp:x$="5":r$="She can move in 5 directions from a2 (don't forget a1 and b1 count as directions.)" ˰shm:t$="Who controls most squares in this position, Black or White?":x$="black":r$="Generally, the queen is most powerful whan positioned in the centre of the board.":swb yt$="Look at the sphere of influence of the Black queen.":a$="e5e6e7e8d5c5b5a5f5g5h5e4e3e2e1f6g7h8d6c7b8f4g3h2d4c3b2a1" [spf:t$="Compare it with Whites.":a$="a1b1b2c2d2e2f2g2h2b3c4d5e6f7g8a3a4a5a6a7a8":spf: Da$="pa3e5f2g2h2nb5id4b3rb1c1qb2kg1zpa7b6f7g7h7nc6ie7e6rc8d8qd7kg8"  St$="What squares can the White queen move to?":spb:sp:x$="6sa1a2c2c3d2e2":shw gt$="What squares can the Black queen move to that are not guarded by White pieces?":x$="2sb7e8":shw t$="Assuming you are White, what would you reply if Black had made this queen move?":q$=t$:a$="9105d7c7":spm:x$="b5c7":r$="":swm  \a$="xc7nb5zqd7":sp:t$=q$:a$="9105d7d6":spm:x$="e5d6":swm:a$="xd6pe5zqd7":sp:t$=q$ a$="9105d7d5":spm:x$="b3d5":swm:t$="In these cases, Black's queen is captured by a piece of lesser value, and White gains an advantage." spz: a$="rg5h2ia4f8nb8c1":t$="From what square will the Black queen be able to attack all White's pieces?":sp:x$="f4":r$="The queen has the power to attack many pieces at the same time." *f$="f4e4d4c4b4e3d2e5d6c7f5f6f7g3":sws: a$="pa2d2f3g3h2nc3ie2rf1qb1kh1zpa6d6f6g7h6nc8h5ia7d7ra8f7kh8":q$="By moving his queen next move, White can gain material. Which of these moves is best for White?":sp =t$=q$:x$="b1b7b1b3b1f5b1g6":swc:numq3350 +num*ze  %t$="b1-b7 attacks the undefended rook a8.":a$="a8":spf:t$="But the bishop d7 is already defended by the rook f7 ...":a$="d7f7":spf *t$="... and the bishop a7 is defended by the knight c8.":a$="c8a7":spf:t$="1.....a8-b8 counterattacks against the queen.":a$="a8b8":smp:t$="All White can safely do is capture a pawn with 2. b7-a6. All other captures lose the queen." /4a$="b7a6":smp:a$="qb1xb8zpa6ra8":sp:3355 43t$="This move attacks the rook f7.":a$="f7":spf 9\t$="1.....f7-e7 removes the rook away from the attack, which fizzles out.":a$="f7e7":smp >#a$="xb3e7qb1zrf7":sp:3355 CFt$="This move is a blunder. It loses the queen to the Black bishop." Ha$="d7":spf M1a$="d7f5":smz:a$="qb1xf5zid7":sp:3355 Rmt$="Correct. At g6 the White queen simultaneously attacks the rook f7 and the knight g5.":a$="g6f7h5":spf Wt$="One but not both of Blacks pieces may be defended. Here is one possible continuation.":x$="01dbbf7e7g6h5":r$="Wins a knight.":snm \scc:a$="xe7qg6zrf7nh5":t$="Here is an alternative continuation. In both cases Black prefers to lose the knight, the less valuable piece.":sp:x$="01dbbd7e8g6h5":snm:scc:a$="qb1xe8zid7nh5":sp:3355 a ft$="White has decided to attack and win the Black pawn. There are 3 routes for her to capture the pawn in 2 moves. What are they?" k7a$="pb6qf2zpb7":sp:x$="3rf2f3b7f2g2b7f2f7b7":shw: p|t$="The Black queen wants to get from c3 to f8 in two moves. Enter all the ways in which she can do this (e.g. c3-a3-f8)." ux$="8rc3a3f8c3b4f8c3c5f8c3c8f8c3f6f8c3g7f8c3h8f8c3f3f8":a$="zqc3":sp:a$="1f8":sfs:shw:a$="0f8":sfs:t$="Remember - the queen is the most manouverable piece on the board.":spz: za$="pa3b5c3e2f2g3h2nc4ig5ra1h1qa2ke1zpa5b6c7f7g7h7ig6ra8e8qd5kg8":t$="Which White men can the Black queen capture, without herself being captured?" sp:x$="3sb5g5h1":shw:t$="What do you consider to be the best of these three moves for Black?":x$="d5h1":r$="Remember, a rook is worth five pawns, a bishop three.":swm a$="rh1zqd5":sp:t$="What is the worst capturing move Black can make?":x$="d5c4":r$="Black captures a knight, but loses his queen.":swm:a$="a2c4":sm: t$="Never lose your queen to a piece of lesser value.":spz:t$=" Whenever you have a choice of possible captures, take the piece of greater value.":spz: sshc:d,q;"The King is the most important piece on the Board. When you lose your King, you lose the game." tzp,q;"The King is a short-range piece,as it can only move one square at a time (except when castling)." nze,q;"Since it's movements are so restricted, it takes time to move the King away from danger.":skb _sch:d,q;"The rules are:"::" 1. Each player has only one King throughout the game." zp,q;" 2. He can move in any direction to an adjoining square, as long as that square is not attacked by any enemy piece." :" 3. The one exception to Rule 2 is when the King castles. In this case, he moves more than one square, but he may still not move into Check.":skb:sch U::" 4. The King is a piece, and can move backwards as well as forwards." :" 5. The King is able to capture, but only if the piece he is capturing is not itself defended by another piece." oskb:sch:d,q;"You also need to understand whatis meant by Check, and the different forms it can take." Zk9,q;"CHECK occurs when an enemy piecethreatens to capture the King onthe next move.": "CHECKMATE. The purpose of the game is to Checkmate your opponent's King. It occurs when capture of the King cannot be avoided.":" At the point of Checkmate, the game is over, so the King isnever actually captured." skb: _a$="ke4zka8":sp:t$="What squares can the White king move to?":x$="8sd3d4d5e3e5f3f4f5":shw Et$="What squares can the Black king move to?":x$="3sa7b7b8":shw: ٛa$="ke1qd2rd1h1id3e3nc3g1pa2b2c2d4e4f4g2h2zkf8qd8ra8h8ib7h6nb8f6pa7b6c7d6e6f7g6h7":sp:t$="What squares can the White king move to?":x$="3se2f2f1":shw Gt$="What squares can the Black king move to?":x$="4se8e7g8g7":shw: pa$="kc1qe2rd1h1ia3nc3pa2b2b3f2g2h2zke6qd8ra8h8ig6nb8e5pa7b7c7g7h7":t$="Can the White king move?":sp:x$="no" r$="The Black bishop g6 stops the king moving to b1 or c2. The Black queen d8 stops him moving to d2.":syn:a$="d2d3d4d5d6d7d8g6f5e4d3c2b1":sfz lt$="Can the Black king move?":x$="yes":r$="":syn:t$="What squares can he move to?":x$="3sf5f6f7":shw Qt$="The White rook prevents him from moving to the d file.":a$="d5d6d7d1":spf kt$="The White bishop stops the king from moving to e7.":a$="e7a3":spf:t$="Now watch these moves.":spb a$="9105d8d1":spm:skc:a$="0206c3d1":spm:t$="What square can the White king now move to?":x$="d2":r$="Because the Black queen is no longer attacking down the d file.":sws t$="What additional squares can the Black king now move to?":r$="Because the White rook is no longer on the d file.":x$="2sd7d5":shw: ,a$="kc2qc4rh8nf6pa4f7zkg7qa3rd1nb3pb4c3h7"  sp:t$="Can the White king capture the pawn c3?":a$="1c3":sfs:f$="b4":x$="no":r$="It is defended by the pawn b4.":syn:a$="0c3":sfs Bt$="What piece can the White king capture?":x$="d1":r$="":sws @t$="Can the White king move to a vacant square?":x$="no":syn t$="What pieces can the Black king capture?":x$="2sh8f6":shw:t$="What squares can the Black king move to?":x$="2sg6h6":shw: a$="ka1":sp:a$="1a8h8":sfs:t$="Is the distance for the White king to move from a1 to a8 the same as from a1 to h8?":x$="yes" $r$="Each walk takes 7 moves.":syn:a$="0a8h8":sfs:a$="a2a3a4a5a6a7a8":t$="Count the squares.":spf:a$="b2c3d4e5f6g7h8":sfz )r$="":t$="Can the king get from a1 to a8 via d4 in 7 moves?":a$="1a1a8d4":sfs:x$="yes":syn:x$="01xwwa1b2b2c3c3d4d4c5c5b6b6a7a7a8" .a$="0a1a8d4":sfs:t$="Do you want to see how?":spb:sy:a$="yes"t$="Here is one possible route; there are many others.":snm 3t$="The king has the ability to reach a square by a number of different routes, all of which take the same number of moves.":spz 8t$="Often a king may only be able to reach a square by manouvering round an obstacle or danger area.":spz:t$="In an endgame, where a king becomes an attacking piece, this characteristic is important.":spz = Ba$="kd5pc5f3zke5pc7f4":sp:t$="Is this a legal position?":x$="no":r$="It is illegal for kings to stand next to each other, since each would be putting the other into check.":syn: GYa$="kb7zkh1pa7":sp:t$="If White moves first, he immediately gets a draw. Watch.":spz Lca$="b7a7":smz:a$="kb7zpa7":sp:t$="Suppose it is Black's turn to play. What is his best move?" Qx$="a7a5":r$="Any move other than a7-a5 results in a draw.":swm:x$="02pwbb7b6a5a4b6b5a4a3b5b4a3a2b4b3a2a1":t$="You play Black's moves." Vxr$="Black wins":c$="060pqa1":snm:t$="The king moves slowly. Sometimes even a pawn can outpace a chasing king.":spz [mt$="In this case, the pawn took 5 moves to reach the queening square, while the king took 6 moves.":spz:: `a$="ka1pb4zkg7":sp:t$="A simple method of calculating if the king will reach the queening square in time is known as the Rule of the Square.":spz et$="Picture a Square on the board, using the distance from the pawn to the queening square as the side.":spb:a$="1b8b7b6b5b4c4d4e4f4f5f6f7f8e8d8c8":sfs jnskc:v$=a$:t$="If the defending king is outside the Square, the pawn cannot be stopped from queening.":spz ot$="In this position, can Black stop the White pawn from queening?":x$="no":r$="The Black king is outside the Square.":syn ta$="0"+v$(p):sfs:t$="Let's prove that the method works. You are White; Your first move.":x$="01pwwb4b5g7f7b5b6f7e7b6b7e7d8b7b8":r$="Check":c$="041pqb8":snm y{scc:scd:a$="ka1pb4zkf7":sp:t$="If it is White to play, can Black force a draw, by preventing the pawn from queening?" ~Pf$=v$(p):r$="This time, the Black king is inside the Square.":x$="yes":syn )t$="now you play Black; my first move." r$="A draw":x$="01pwbb4b5f7e7b5b6e7d7b6b7d7c7b7b8c7b8":c$="041pqb8":snm:t$="The Black king could have moved along the 6th rank or the 8th rank- but the result would be the same.":spz t$="Test the Rule yourself on your own board, by placing the Black king in various positions inside and outside the Square.":spz: qsbf:t$="Castling is a special move which allows the king to be moved to safety at the side of the board.":spz t$="In this example, both players plan to develop their pieces as soon as possible. This is easy for all pieces except rooks.":spb u=oe:a$=m$(u,o):sp:u qx$="01dwwe2e4e7e5g1f3b8c6b1c3g8f6f1c4f8c5d2d3d7d6c1g5c8d7d1d2d8e7":t$="Watch these opening moves.":r$="":snm `t$="In Chess, the main battlefield is usually at the centre of the board.":a$="d4d5e4e5":spf ot$="If either king stays for too long on it's original square, it becomes exposed to attack.":a$="e1e8":spf xt$="The other purpose of castling is to bring a rook quickly into play. Here, both rooks are out of play at the side." a$="a1a8h1h8":spf Gscc:t$="Both players now castle. Watch closely.":a$="0805e1g1":spx a$="0005e8c8":spm:skc jt$="White has castled Kingside, Black castled Queenside. Both players could have castled the other way." spz &scb:scd:a$="ra1h1ke1zra8h8ke8":sp _t$="The castle move consists of: 1.Moving the king two squares to the right or left.":spz Lt$="2. Moving the rook nearest to the king to the other side of the king." spz:a$="0105e1c1" $t$="White castles Queenside.":spx 2a$="0005e8g8":t$="Black castles Kingside.":spx )sch:d,q;"The rules for Castling are:" @k7,q;" 1. Each side may castle only once in each game." gzp,q;" 2. It is not possible to 'uncastle' pieces back to their original positions." |zd,q;" 3. It is not possible to castle if the King has already moved, or if the Rook has already moved." skb:sch:d,q; c" 4. The squares between the King and the Rook must be unoccupied by other pieces."  :k9,q;" 5. The King cannot castle if he is in Check." Fzb,q;" 6. The King cannot Castle into Check, or through Check." sskb:sch:r,q;"NOTES."::" 1. Castling is the only move in which the King can move more than one square." _k9,q;" 2. It is the only move in Chess where two pieces are moved in a single move." zc,q;" 3. To record the Castle move, the symbols 'o-o' (for Kingside) and 'o-o-o' (for Queenside) are used." #izh,q;" 4. On most computers you need only enter the first move - the computer does the rest." (skb - < ZmanoPart3 PPPP38902,4,"Part 3","CASTLING - EXERCISES","CASTLING","CHECK","z","CHECKMATE","z","STALEMATE - INTRODUCTION","STALEMATE" Y1,2,0,3,0,1,1,2,1,3,1 50,3,"",3000 ,3035 ,3065 z3145I ,9 ,"",3235 ,3250 ,3265 ,3270 ,3885-,3285 ,3290 ,3355 ,33804 3425a ,15,"White to play and checkmate.",3545 ,3550 ,3590,3610,3630.,3660L,3690j,3710~,3680`,3685e,3790,3795,3800,3810,3815 3825,0,"" Ha$="ke1qa4ra1h1ie2e3ne5pa2b2f4f2g3h2zkd8qc7ra8h8ib7e7nf6pa7b6e6f7g7h7" sp:f$="b7h1":t$="Can White castle Kingside?":x$="yes":r$="The rook h1 can castle, despite being attacked by the bishop b7." ”syn:f$="c1c7":t$="Can White castle Queenside?":x$="no":r$="The c1 square is attacked by the queen at c7. White would be castling into check.": Tsyn:f$="e8d8":t$="Can Black castle?":r$="The Black king has moved, to d8.":syn nf$="":t$="Will Black ever be able to castle?":r$="Once the king has moved, castling is impossible.":syn: La$="ke1qb3ra1h1id2e2nf4pa2b2c4e3g2h2zke8qh4rc8h8ic5f5nf2pa7b7e4f7g7h7":sp f$="f2d1":t$="Is White able to castle Queenside?":x$="no":r$="The knight f2 is attacking square d1; the White king would have to castle through check.":syn t$="Can White castle Kingside?":x$="yes":r$="The squares between the king and rook are empty. Although knight f2 attacks rook h1, this does not stop White castling.": xf$="f2h1":syn:f$="":t$="Can Black castle Kingside?":r$="All requirements for castling to be allowed are met.":syn f$="a8c8":t$="Can Black castle Queenside?":x$="no":r$="The a8 rook has moved to c8. Queenside castling is no longer possible.":syn: Ja$="ke1qe2ra1h1ic4b8nf3pa2b2e4f2g2h2zke8qa5ra8h8ig4nf6pa7b7c6d4g7h7":sp f$="e1a5":t$="Can White castle?":x$="no":r$="The White king is in check to the Black queen a5; it is illegal to castle out of check.":syn f$="c4g8":t$="Can Black castle Kingside?":r$="Bishop c4 is attacking the g8 square; castling into check is not allowed.":syn af$="b8":t$="Can Black castle Queenside?":r$="Square b8 is occupied by the White bishop.":syn Gt$="It is White to move. Let's examine a possible continuation.":spz ha$="e2d2":t$="1. e2-d2. Stops the check, and attacks the undefended Black queen.":sm:a$="d2a5":spf La$="a5d2":t$="1 ..... a5-d2. Check. Exchanging the attacking piece.":smp x$="e1d2f3d2":t$="White now can capture the Black queen with the king or the knight. Which would you choose?":swc:num=qa$="nd2xf3a8zrb8":sp:31200 !31200 -d*num &t$="Correct. This way, White retains the right to castle.":spz:t$="2. a8-b8. Black's next move. In this position, material is level.":a$="a8b8":smp:31200 +`t$="Not the best move. White has lost the right to castle.":spz:a$="ke1zqd2":sp:3100 0jf$="":scc:t$="Can White castle now?":x$="yes":r$="The earlier queen a5 check has been parried.":syn 5^t$="Can White castle Kingside?":r$="The squares between king and rook are unoccupied.":syn :f$="g4d1":t$="Can White castle Queenside?":x$="no":r$="In capturing the Black queen with the knight, White disclosed bishop g4, which attacks the d1 square.":syn ?Xf$="c4g8":t$="Can Black castle Kingside?":r$="Bishop c4 is still attacking g8.":syn Dvf$="a8b8":t$="Can Black castle Queenside?":r$="In capturing the White bishop at b8, the rook a8 has moved.":syn: Insch:t,q;"Check occurs when a player threatens to capture the opponents king on the next move." NSk8,q;"The notation for recording checkis '+' or 'ch' ; for example, Qa6-a3+ ." Svzb,q;"When giving check it is usual tosay 'Check'. The rules of Chess do not state that you have to doso, however." X,skb:sbf:a$="kg1qa3zkf8ih4nb1":v$=a$:sp ]wt$="The White Queen a3 is giving check to the Black king f8. She threatens to capture him next move.":a$="a3f8":spf bt$="Whenever a king is in check, the threat to capture him next move MUST be removed. If the threat cannot be stopped... ... then it is Checkmate, and the game is over.":spz gsch:t,q;"To stop (or parry) the check, one of three things must take place:"::" 1. The attacked king must move out of check." lWza,q;" 2. The attacking piece that is giving check must be captured." qze,q;" 3. To protect the king, a man must move between the king and the opponent giving check. This is known as 'interposing a man.'" v\a$=v$:skb:sbf:sp:t$="In this position, each of these three defences is possible.":spz {Zt$="1. The king may move out of check to any of these four squares.":a$="e8f7g7g8":spf St$="2. The knight b1 may capture the Queen a3.":a$="b1a3":smp:a$="qa3znb1":sp t$="3. With 1..... h4-e7 the bishop interposes between the queen and the king to stop the check.":a$="h4e7":smp:a$="xe7zih4": sp:t$="Which move would you make, b1-a3, h4-e7, or f8-g8?":x$="b1a3":r$="This way, Black captures the attacking piece, with a piece of less value.":swm ssch:d,q;"REMEMBER:"::" 1. If you are put into check, your next move MUST get your king out of check." za,q;" 2. It is illegal to move your king INTO check."::" 3. If a knight is giving check, it is not possible to use the defence of interposing another piece." skb:sch:d,q;" 4. Just because it is possible to put the opposing king into check, this does not mean that it is a good idea to do so. Take each position on it's own merit." skb: la$="ke5pf4zkg6":sp:t$="White to play, and give check.":r$="Even a pawn can give check.":x$="f4f5":swm t$="Can the king capture the pawn?":x$="no":r$="A king may not threaten another king, so it cannot move to an adjoining square.":syn t$="What squares can the Black king move to?":x$="6sf7g7h7h6h5g5":shw:t$="With only a king left on the board, the only defence method left is to capture the enemy piece, or achieve stalemate.":spz: Wa$="kh4zkg6ib6":sp:t$="With what moves can Black give check?":x$="2mb6d8b6f2":shw f$="g4h3":t$="Which of these two moves by the bishop allows the White king the fewest moves?":x$="b6f2":r$="With this move, the king can only move to 2 squares.":swm:a$="xf2zid8":sp:a$="g4h3g3":t$="The other move (b6-d8) allows him to move to 3 squares g4,h3 & g3.":spf  a$="kh4zkg6ib7":sp:f$="b7h4":t$="Can Black give check?":x$="no":r$="His bishop is on a light square, but the White king is on a dark square.":syn: Wa$="kf1zkb7re8":sp:t$="With what moves can Black give check?":x$="2me8f8e8e1":shw ˧t$="Which of these two moves is best for Black?":x$="e8f8":r$="(e8-e1 would allow the king to capture with f1-e1. A king can capture the piece giving check.)":swm  r$="The king can only escape check by the capture of the queen.":a$="qe7zke8":sp:t$="Often, there is only one way of getting out of check. Here is an example. Find Black's move.":x$="e8e7":swm: ڌa$="kb1ra7ie1nf4pb2e4zkf6rc8ib3ng5pd6g6":sp:t$="With what five moves can White give check?":x$="5mf4d5e1c3f4h5a7f7e4e5":v$=x$(r):shw ax$=v$:t$="One of the five moves gives Black only one possible reply. Which one?":swc:num=q 3295 +num*zp }t$="Incorrect. The king may either exchange his knight with b3-d5 ...":a$="b3d5":smp:a$="e4d5":smz:a$="pe4nd5zib3":sp t$="..... or he can move to a safe square. What squares can he safely move to?":x$="2se5e6":shw:a$="nf4xd5":sp:3295 t$="Correct. Square e6 is attacked by the f4 knight.":a$="e6f4":spf:t$="The king cannot move to rank 7, as he would be moving into check from the rook a7.":a$="e7f7g7a7":spf t$="Square f5 is attacked by pawn e4.":a$="e4f5":spf:a$="c3e5":t$="On square e5 the king would still be in check from bishop c3.":spf:t$="No Black man can interpose, so Black must play c8-c3, capturing the piece which is giving check.":a$="c8c3":smp:t$="But since White can win a rook for a bishop with b2-c3, Black has lost material.":a$="b2c3":smp:a$="pb2ie1xc3zrc8":sp:3295 t$="Wrong. g6-h5 captures the knight for nothing......":a$="g6h5":smp:a$="nh5zpg6":sp:t$="... or the king can move to a safe square. What squares are safe for him?" /x$="2se5e6":shw:a$="nf4xh5":sp:3295 at$="Not correct. Black can capture the rook for nothing with either f6-f7 ....":a$="f6f7":smp da$="rf7zkf6":sp:t$="... or with the b3 bishop.":a$="b3f7":smp:a$="ra7xf7zib3":sp:3295 lt$="Incorrect. The e5 pawn can be captured either by the pawn at d6 ...":a$="d6e5":smp:a$="pe5zpd6":sp Nt$="... or the Black king.":a$="f6e5":smp:a$="pe4xe5zkf6":sp:3295 a$="ke3qh6zkh8ib2g8":sp:f$="h6h8":t$="Whose turn is it to move?":x$="black":r$="The Black king is in check. If it were White's move, the king would be captured, which is impossible." swb:t$="Can Black now play b2-c1, threatening to capture White's queen?":x$="no":r$="The threat to Black's king must be removed before any other move can be made." %Csyn:t$="Can Black get out of check by moving his king?":x$="no" *f$="g7h7h6":r$="The king can only move to squares (g7,h7) which are already covered by the queen. Such moves are illegal.":syn /wt$="How can Black parry (stop) the check?":x$="g8h7":r$="Interposing the bishop at h7 is Black's only move.":swm: 4&a$="kd3rd2nf5pc2zkg8qg3ig6pc5d5":sp 9t$="The Black queen g3 is giving check.":a$="g3d3":spf:t$="Can White parry (stop) the check by capturing the White queen with f5-g3?" >sf$="d3g6":x$="no":r$="This move exposes the White king to check from bishop g6, and is therefore illegal.":syn CHt$="Can White stop the check by interposing the f5 knight with f5-e3?" H'f$="d3g6":r$="Same reason. "+r$:syn M@t$="What is White's only move to get out of check?":x$="d3e2" Rjf$="c4d4e4":r$="The king cannot move to rank 4, since these squares are guarded by pawns c5 & d5.":swm Wnt$="The king cannot move along rank 3, because he would still be in check from the queen.":a$="c3e3g3":spf \9t$="The king is therefore forced to move to e2.":spz: a`sch:t,q;"Checkmate occurs when the capture of the king next move cannot be avoided." f/::"Checkmate is also known as 'mate'." kP::"The notation for Checkmate is 'ch. mt.', or 'mate', or '++'.":skb:sbf pua$="kf7qg7zkh8":sp:t$="Here is an example of Checkmate. The White queen at g7 is giving checkmate.":a$="g7":spf upk7:k7::q,p;"CHARACTERISTICS OF CHECKMATE"::"1. The object of the game is to checkmate your opponent." z7:"2. When checkmate occurs, the game is ended." A:"3. The player who gives checkmate wins the game." [:"4. Checkmate takes place one move before the king is actually captured." H:"5. Any piece or pawn except the king can give checkmate.":skb: Xq,p;"CHARACTERISTICS OF CHECKMATE"::"6. Checkmate can be given with a capture." :"7. Checkmate can occur anywhere on the board. It is often easier to force checkmate at the edge of the board, where the king has fewer escape squares." a:"8. Checkmate can occur at any time during a game, even during the opening.":skb F:sbf:a$="kg1qc3rd1d2ib2nd6pa2b3e6g3h2zkg8rf8ib7ng5pa7b6c5g7h7":sp et$="If it is White to move, he can checkmate Black with c3-g7.":spz:a$="c3g7":sm:a$="g7g8":sfz t$="Each possible defence method for Black fails.":spz:t$="1. The queen giving check cannot be captured by the king, since it is covered by the bishop b2.":a$="g7b2":spf  }t$="2. The king cannot move out of check. Moving to h8 or f7 still keeps the king in check from the queen.":a$="h8f7":spf Ot$="3. No piece can interpose between the king and the attacking queen.":spz a$="qc3zpg7":sp:t$="Suppose now that it is Black to move first. He can also give checkmate, with g5-h3.":spz:a$="g5h3":sm:a$="g1h3":sfz Ut$="There is no defence. The knight giving check cannot be captured.":a$="h3":spf _t$="The king cannot move out of check; rook f8 covers squares f1 & f2 ....":a$="f8f1f2":spf ʓt$="... while bishop b7 covers squares h1 & g2.":a$="h1g2b7":spf:t$="No piece can interpose between the White king and the Black knight.":spz |t$="Both players therefore have the capability to checkmate the other, even though Black is a queen and a rook down.":spz Ԅt$="Remember: The main object of the game is to checkmate your opponent, not to gain material (even though this may help).":spz: a$="ke6pa7zke8":sp:f$="e8a8":t$="White to play and checkmate in one move.":x$="a7a8":c$="011pqa8":r$="The promoted pawn can checkmate in the same move that the promotion takes place.":swm: ;a$="kf3qb5ra1f2ic1nb4pa3e3g2h2zkh8rg8id6f7nc3pa7g5h6":sp Ix$="g5g4c3b5f7d5":t$="Which is the best move for Black?":swc:num=q 3555 +zp*num t$="Correct. This is checkmate. The attacking pawn cannot be captured by the king, as it is defended by rook g8.":a$="g8g4":spf:t$="No piece can interpose.":spz t$="There are no safe squares for the king to move to. Knight c3 is covering squares e2 & e4 ....":a$="c3e2e4":spf:t$="... while bishop d6 guards squares f4 & g3.":a$="d6f4g3":spf:t$="Even a pawn may give checkmate.":spz:a$="xg4zpg5":sp:3555 t$="Although this wins material, it does not force a checkmate (yet). Not the best solution.":spz:a$="qb5znc3":sp:3555  t$="A poor move. There is no checkmate, and White gains material with b4-d5.":spz:a$="b4d5":smz:a$="nb4xd5zif7":sp:3555 du=oe:a$=m$(u,o):sp:u:t$="Here is an example of checkmate in the opening. Caro-Kann defence."  x$="01dwwe2e4c7c6d2d4d7d5b1c3d5e4c3e4b8d7f1c4g8f6":snm:t$="The trap is set ...":a$="0610d1e2":spx:a$="0010g7g6":t$="... and Black falls into it.":spx:t$=" White to play and checkmate in one move.": f$="e2d6e8":x$="e4d6":r$="Checkmate. (Black should have moved f6-e4, taking White's knight and blocking the attack from the queen e2.)":swm t$="Note how the queen and knight combine to trap the Black king. Often, to force checkmate, several pieces are needed.":spz: 6a$="ka1qh5re1ic4pa2f5g2h2zkg8qe8rb8ie7pa7f7h7g7":sp gt$="Black to play and checkmate. Look for a co-ordinated attack with the rook and bishop.":x$="e7f6" $f$="f6a1":r$="The bishop cannot be captured. No piece can interpose.":swm:t$="Rook b8 covers squares b1 &b2, cornering the king." )la$="b1b2b8":spf:t$="If Black had played b8-b1+ , White would have captured the rook for nothing.":spz: .ja$="kg1re4pf2g2h2zkg8rb2pf7g7h7":t$="White to play and checkmate. (Hint: Black is weak on rank 8).":sp 3f$="e8f8g8":r$="This is an example of a 'back rank' mate. It exploits Black's unprotected back rank (rank 8) ...":x$="e4e8":swm 8t$=".. and the king's inability to escape from behind his pawns.":a$="f7g7h7":spf:a$="xe8re4":sp:t$="Now suppose it is Black to play. He can also checkmate in one. How?":x$="b2b1" =r$="This is also a 'back rank mate'. Rank 1 is White's 'back rank'.":swm:t$="Back rank mates are common in Chess. Beware!":spz Bfa$="xg1b1kf1zrb2":sp:t$="In this new position, which side threatens checkmate in one?":x$="white" G^f$="f1e2":r$="The White king can now escape, if Black moves b2-b1, by moving f1-e2.":swb: Lra$="kg1re1qc7id5pa2c4f2g2h6zkf8qg5rg8ic8pa7f6f7h7":sp:t$="With what moves can White checkmate with his queen?" Qx$="6mc7c8c7c5c7d6c7d8c7e7c7f7":shw:t$="Notes: The White rook, bishop and pawn combine to prevent the king from escaping.":a$="d5e1h6":spf:t$="Checkmate with capture occurs at c8 & f7.":a$="c8f7" Vspf:t$="c7-c8 & c7-d8 are examples of back rank mates.":spz:t$="Now suppose it's Black's first move. Black to play and mate in one." [r$="":x$="g5g2":swm: `Ba$="kf4rh7pg4zkf6qe6ig6":t$=e$:x$="g4g5":sp:f$="g5f6":swm: eGa$="kg1ne5pf2h2zkh8rg8zpg7h7":t$=e$:x$="e5f7":f$="f7h8":sp:swm: jft$="The quickest form of checkmate is Fool's mate. Watch carefully.":spb:u=oe:a$=m$(u,o):sp:u oa$="0105g2g4":spm:a$="0005e7e5":spm:t$="This move contests the centre, opens up the d8-h4 diagonal for the queen ....":a$="d8e7f6g5h4":spf: tt$="... and the f8-a3 diagonal for the bishop.":a$="f8e7d6c5b4a3":spf:a$="0206f2f3":t$="A bad error. Now play Black's winning move.":spm:x$="d8h4" yWf$="h4e1":r$="Checkmate. The king cannot move, the queen cannot be captured.":swm: ~kt$="Another quick checkmate is known as Scholar's Mate. Watch carefully.":spb:u=oe:a$=m$(u,o):sp:u za$="0105e2e4":spm:t$="Opens up diagonals for the queen and the white square bishop.":a$="d1e2f3g4h5f1e2d3c4b5a6":spf a$="0005e7e5":spm:sbs:a$="0206f1c4":spm:t$="White plans to attack pawn f7, the weak point in Black's defence, which is only defended by the king.":a$="f7e8":spf a$="0006f8c5":spm Vskc:a$="0307d1h5":spm:t$="Attacks f7 again, and also e5.":a$="c4d5e6f7h5g6":spf qa$="0007g8f6":spm:t$="An error. Black fails to heed the danger to f7, and attacks the queen.":a$="f6h5":spf qf$="f7e8":t$="Now play White's winning move. You know where the weakness is.":x$="h5f7":r$="Checkmate.":swm a$="qh5zpf7zng8xf6":sp vt$="Black's third move (g8-f6) was the key error. What move should he have played?":x$="g7g6d8e7d8f6":swc:num=q 3750+num*zp t$="Incorrect. h5-e5+ wins a pawn...":spb:a$="h5e5":sm:t$="... and Black cannot defend his rook h8, since he must first parry the check.":a$="e5f6g7h8":spf:a$="qh5xg6zpe5g7":sp:3750 Nt$="The best move. Both the e5 and f7 pawns are defended...":a$="e5f7":spf t$="... and Black will soon be able to play g8-f6 to chase away the h5 queen.":a$="g8f6h5":spf:a$="xe7zqd8":sp:3750 Pt$="Not best. This move defends both the e5 and f7 pawns ...":a$="e5f7":spf: Ʌt$="... but the best square for the knight g8 is f6; the queen now blocks this move.":a$="g8f6":spf:a$="xf6zqd8":sp:3750 ha$="kg1qd1rd2f1if4b1pa2b3c4f3f2g2zkc8qg7rf8g8ib7f6pa7b6c5f7h4":sp:f$="f5c8":x$="b1f5":t$=e$:swm: ta$="kg1qh5ra1f1ic4e3nc3pa2b2c2d4f2g2h2zke8qd8ra8h8id7e7nc6pa6b5c7f7g7h7d6":t$=e$:sp:x$="h5f7":f$="f7e8":swm: |a$="kg1qc2rd1e1ib1e3nf1f3pa3b2c3d4e5f4g2h2zkg8qd8rb8f8id7e7na4c6pa5b5c4d5e6f7g7h7":t$=e$:sp:f$="h7g8":x$="c2h7":swm: Sa$="kg1qf2rc1pa6g2h2zka8qd2ie3nd5pa7g5h5":f$="a8c8":t$=e$:sp:x$="c1c8":swm: 4a$="kc1qc3rh8if4pa2b2c2e5nf6zkc7qb6ra8ib7nc6pa7f7" (f$="f4c7":t$=e$:sp:x$="e5e6":swm: sbf:sh:a$="kf6qe6zkf8":sp xt$="Stalemate occurs when the player whose turn it is to move cannot make a legal move, but his king is not in Check." Gspz:t$="In this example, with Black to move, stalemate occurs.":spz t$="1 Black is not in check or mate 2 The king can't move legally":a$="e6e7e8f7g8":spf:t$="3 Black cannot make any other move.":spz t$="Consequently, the game is finished - and drawn.":spz:t$="A queen can give stalemate without the assisstance of any other piece. Here is an example.":spb  oa$="ka1zqb3kh8":scd:sp:skc:t$="The squares a2,b2 & b1 are all covered by the queen b3.":a$="a2b2b1":spf st$="So: take care to avoid stalemate when you're trying to force checkmate, with only a queen on the board.":spz ht$="Stalemate can be used as a tactic for getting a draw, for the player who has least material.":spz a$="kh2zkf4qg7":v$=a$:scd:sp:t$="This example shows how easy it is to fall into stalemate. First watch how Black ought to play, to force checkmate." x$="01dbbf4f3h2h1g7g2":c$="030m":snm:t$="However, if Black had played incorrectly, the game could have ended in stalemate. Watch again." #scd:a$=v$:sp:x$="01dbbg7g3h2h1f4f3":c$="020c030s":snm:t$="Black intended giving checkmate at g2, by next moving his queen g3-g2. But White cannot now move.":a$="g3h2g2g1":spf ( -ha$="kd1qe2zka8":sp:t$="With what moves can White check Black?":x$="6me2e4e2e8e2a6e2a2e2g2e2f3":shw 2pt$="This exercise demonstrates the queen's power, through the number of ways she can pursue an attack.":spz: Part4 QPQQ3855,7,"Part 4","STALEMATE - EXERCISES","STALEMATE","PERPETUAL CHECK","PERPET. CHECK","CAPTURING - 2","z","EN PRISE","z","EXCHANGING","z","TACTICS - INTRODUCTION","TACTICS","PINS","z" Y2,2,0,3,0,1,1,2,1,3,1 V0,6,"",3010 ,3025 ,3035 ,3045 ,3050 ,3065 83085 ,3,"",3095 ,3145I ,3160X o3225 ,8,"",3235 ,3265 ,3290 ,3310 ,33859 ,3410R ,3430f ,3480 "3550 ,1,"",3565  "3600,1,"",3610 3680`,0,"" N3700t,5,"",3825,3770,3805,3830,3845   a$="kg1zkg3qh4":v$=a$:sp:t$="With correct play, Black gets checkmate in two moves. What are they?":x$="01pbbh4h2g1f1h2f2":r$="Checkmate": ljc$="020c":snm:scc:t$="However, with an incorrect first move, Black could Stalemate the king. What is it?":x$="h4h3":a$=v$:scd:sp ̀c$="":f$="h2h1g2f1":r$="Stalemate. The queen prevents the White king from moving, but does not put White into check.":swm: чa$="kd6qc6ph4zkd8ph6":sp:f$="h6h5":t$="Black to play. Is he in stalemate?":x$="no":r$="Black has the pawn move h6-h5 available." ֣syn:x$="01dbwh6h5c6a8":r$="Checkmate":t$="Watch Black lose. You must ensure, if you are trying to get stalemate, that you have no other possible move.":snm: ۺa$="kd2rg6nd3pb5c6d5h5zkf1na8pb6c7d6h6":sp:t$="Black to move. Is he in stalemate?":x$="yes":r$="No Black piece can move. The king cannot move to the g file because of the rook g6." f$="g1g2g6":syn:t$="Knight d3 covers square f2 ...":a$="d3f2":spf:t$="... while White's king covers e1 and e2.":a$="e1d2e2":spf: a$="kg1qf5pa2b3c4d5e4h3zkg3ng2pa3b4c5d6e5h4":sp:t$="Black to move. Is he in stalemate?":f$="g2":x$="no":r$="The g2 knight can move.":syn: a$="kg1qb7pa2b3c4d5e4h3zkg5pa3b4c5d6e5h4":sp:t$="In this example, Black is in a hopeless position ...":spz:t$="... but he attacks e4 and h3. Watch." "x$="01dbbg5f4b7h7f4g3":snm:scc f$="g4h3f4f3":t$="What move must White NOT play now? (Remember stalemate.)":x$="h7f5":r$="h7-f5 is a Blunder. It is stalemate, and Black has managed to gain a draw.":swm: s=p:s$(o,o)="The only Black piece able to move is the queen.":s$(p,o)="The key lies in 'losing' the queen.":a$="kb1qf2rg5nd2b5id4pa3b2c2h6zkg8qe6pa4b6g6h7":sp:t$="White plays f2-f6, threatening the queen e6, and also threatening checkmate by f6-g7." a$="0105f2f6":spm:a$="e6g7":spf:f$="b1a2":t$="What move can Black make that shows this to be a mistake by White?":x$="e6a2":c$="000c":r$="If the White king takes with b1-a2, it is immediate Stalemate!":swm Yc$="021c":t$="White instead retreats....":r$="Stalemate":x$="01pbwb1c1a2b1d2b1":snm t$="If you played 1 .... a2-a1 , this can also lead to a draw by perpetual check.":spz:t$="Stalemate often occurs when a player tries to press home the attack too quickly.":spz: ~:shc:e,q;"Perpetual check occurs when one side is able to continue giving check to the opposing king indefinitely.": v:"Like Stalemate, it can thereforebe used as a tactic to gain a draw if you are behind in material.":skb: c$="011c":a$="kg1qd2pc4g3h2zka7qf3ra2e4pa6b6g6h7":v$=a$:sp:t$="Watch the first moves carefully; the question comes afterwards.":x$="01dwwd2d7a7b8":snm scc:t$="With which of these two moves can White now give perpetual check?":x$="d7d8d7d6":swc:num=qa$="xd7b8qd2zka7":sp:3130: !/t,q;"Check ":skc:3100 +zp*num &c$="031c041c":t$="Correct. "+i$:x$="02dbbb8b7d8d7b7b8d7d8":r$="Perpetual ch.":snm:t$="White has gained a draw despite being hopelessly behind in material." +"spz:a$="xd8qd7":sp:3100 0Ct$="Incorrect. White can escape from perpetual check. "+i$:r$="" 5c$="031c041c051c061c071c081c091c101c":x$="02dbbb8c8d6c6c8d8c6b6d8e7b6c7e7f6c7d6f6f5d6f8f5g4f8c8f3f5h2h3g4h3c8f5g6f5":snm:t$="White's checks are exhausted.":spz:a$=v$:scd:sp:a$="xd2a7qd7zkb8":sp:3100 :scc:t$="The original position. With what initial moves does Black threaten to checkmate White in two?":x$="3ma2d2a2a1e4e1"::shw ?t$="Complete the sequence for each of the three moves. In the first sequence, your opening move is a2-a1. You play Black.":x$="01pbba2a1d2c1a1c1":r$="Checkmate":c$="020c":snm:scc Da$="xa1c1qd2zra2":sp:t$="The second checkmate. You are Black; your first move is e4-e1.":x$="01pbbe4e1d2e1f3g2":snm:a$="qd2xg2e1zqf3re4":sp:t$="The final checkmate. Your first move is a2-d2":c$="":x$="01pbba2d2h2h4f3g2":snm: Ia$="qb4zkh8ph6g6":t$="By placing the queen alternately on which two squares will White be able to give perpetual check?":sp Nex$="2sf8f7":shw:t$=i$:x$="01dwwb4f8h8h7f8f7h7h8f7f8":c$="011c021c031c":r$="Perpetual ch.":snm S_t$="If White had played b4-b8, the Black king could have manoeuvred around the pawns.":spz: X0a$="qe4kg1pa2b3f2g2h3zkg8qc7rd2ib8pa6b7g7":sp ]}t$="White is two pieces down and threatened with Checkmate. Which move allows White to draw the game with perpetual check?" b'x$="e4e6e4e8":swc:num=q3200 g*t,q;"Check ":3170b +zp*num lat$="Incorrect. "+i$:x$="01dbbc7f7e6c8g8h7c8b8f7f2g1h1f2g2":r$="Checkmate":c$="021c040c":snm qscc:scd:3160X vt$="Correct. The queen see-saws between h5 & d8 perpetually giving check.":x$="01dbbg8h7e8h5h7h8h5e8h8h7e8h5":c$="021c031c041c" {Br$="Perpetual ch.":snm:scc::a$="xh7h5qe4zkg8":sp:3165] scd:a$="kg1pg2zqh4":sp:t$="Shows another typical perpetual check position. The Black queen see-saws along the e1-h4 diagonal." Nx$="01dbbh4e1g1h2e1h4h2g1h4e1":c$="020c030c040c":r$="Perpetual ch.":snm: :shc:d,q;"The concept of Capturing (or taking) has already been introduced. This section examines capturing in more detail." skb: a$="kf2rd1pa3b4f4g2h2zkg8rf7pa7d5f6g7h6":sp:t$="The White rook d1 can capture the d5 pawn. What is the capturing move, d1-d5 or d1-d6?":a$="1d1d5":sfs mx$="d1d5":r$="The capturing piece always occupies the square of the captured piece.":swm:a$="0d1d5":sfs pt$="Are there any exceptions to this rule?":x$="yes":r$="A pawn capturing en passant is the exception.":syn t$="If you got either of these questions wrong, you might wish to go back to do some revision before going any further.":spz kt$="With the exception of the special rules regarding check and checkmate, capturing is optional.":spz: ca$="kg1qe1rf1ie2nc3f3pa3b2c2e4f2g2h2zkg8qc7rd8ib7f8nc6pa6b5e6f7f6h7":sp:t$="Watch these moves." xr$="Check":x$="01dwwf3h4c6e5f2f4f8c5":snm:t$="White threatens to capture the e5 knight with f4-e5.":a$="f4e5":spf Et$="The c5 bishop is giving check to White's king.":a$="c5g1":spf fx$="no":t$="Is f4-e5 the best move for White?":r$="This move is illegal, as the king is in check." f$="c5g1":syn: Aa$="kg1qh3ib1nc3e2pa2b2f2g2h2zkg8qd7rf8ib7b4ne7pa7b6f7g7h7":sp {t$="White has the option of capturing Black's queen with h3-d7.":a$="h3g4f5e6d7":spf:t$="Should White play this move?" x$="no":r$="White has a better move.":syn:t$="What is White's best move?":s=o:s$(o,o)="Hint: look for a combination of the b1 bishop and the queen.":x$="h3h7" If$="h7g8":c$="000m":r$="Never capture when you can checkmate!":swm: 0a$="kg1ra1nd4pa2b2f2h2zkd8rf3ib5pc6e6g7h6":sp t$="White can capture in four ways ( 1 & 2 put Black into check). Which is best?":x$="d4c6d4e6d4f3d4b5":swc:num=q3365% 3315 +zp*num t$="Check- but the worst choice. Black plays b5-c6, and captures a knight (worth 3 pawns) for the loss of one pawn.":a$="b5c6": +spz:smz:a$="nd4zpc6ib5":sp:3315 ht$="Check. Not the best continuation. White gains a pawn, but Black can play d8-e7...":a$="d8e7":smp t$="... threatening to capture the e6 knight. The knight has no more checks.":a$="e7e6":spf:a$="xe7nd4zkd8pe6":sp:3315 t$="The best continuation. White captures a rook (worth 5 pawns), and gains an advantage which should help win the game.":spz a$="nd4zrf3":sp:3315 t$="Not a good move in this position. Black can take the knight with c6-b5 ; White has exchanged a knight for a bishop.":a$="c6b5":spz:smz !a$="nd4zib5pc6":sp:3315 %scc:t$="You can see the importance of learning the relative values of the pieces. Here is a simple test of your understanding.":spz *f$="":t$="How many pawns is a queen worth?":q$=t$:x$="8":r$="A queen is worth 8 pawns.":shm:t$=q$:t$(zlzn)="knight":x$="3":r$(rk8)="knight":r$(zi)=x$:shm /t$=q$:t$(zlzn)="bishop":r$(rk8)="bishop":r$(zi)=x$:shm:t$=q$:t$(zlzn)=" rook ":r$(rk8)=" rook ":x$="5":r$(zi)=x$:shm 4Vt$="As the king cannot be captured, it is not possible to put a value on it.":spz: 9a$="kg1ra1nc1zkb7pb2":sp >f$="a1c1":t$="What is Black's best move?":x$="b2a1":c$="000pqa1":r$="Black captures the rook (worth 5 pawns) rather than the knight (worth 3 pawns).":swm Czt$="The promotion to queen is an added bonus.":spz:t$="Black's next move is a1-c1; he will soon checkmate White.":spz Hla$="ra1zpb2":sp:t$="b2-c1 in this position is a very poor move.":a$="b2c1":spb:sm:a$="zqc1":sp:skc Mtt$="The promoted queen is captured by the rook ...":a$="a1c1":smp:t$="... and it is White who will win!":spz: R,a$="kf1rb4ie2pc2g3h2zkh7rd8nh5pc5g7h6":sp Wwt$="Watch the first moves carefully.":x$="01dwwe2h5c5b4":t$="":snm:t$="Who has made the better move?":x$="black" \^r$="When you capture, make sure that your opponent cannot reply with a better capture.":swb at$="White captured a knight (3 pawns), but in doing so allowed Black to capture a rook (5 pawns). Advantage to Black.":spz: f9a$="kg1qc4rd5c1nb2ph2g2zkh8qc6rc8b8ia6pg7h7":sp:v$=a$ kt$="A potential series of captures. Which move is best for Black? (Consider your choice very carefully).":x$="a6c4c6c4b8b2":swc:num=q pnum*zp+3435k ut$="Correct. A bishop captures a queen. Now find Black's next move after White (that's me) plays c1-c4 ...":r$="If Black had played c6-c4, the b2 knight would have captured the queen (at c4).":a$="c1c4":smp:x$="c6d5":t$="Your move." zf$="c4b2":swm:t$="b8-b2 would be even worse, losing the queen to the c4 rook,followed by a back rank mate from rook d5 moving to d8. Watch.":a$="rd5zqc6":sp:x$="02dbbb8b2c4c6c8c6d5d8":c$="041m":r$="Checkmate":snm:r$="":c$="":3475 t$="Not the best move. White replies b2-c4 ...":a$="b2c4":smp:t$="... capturing Black's queen. How do you think the moves continue (you are Black)?":x$="02pbba6c4c1c4c8c4": Sr$="":snm:t$="Black has only captured a rook.":spz:a$=v$:sp:scc:3435k t$="This is a bad move. Black captures a knight, but loses the game. First White captures the queen ..":a$="c4c6":smp:t$="... now Black captures White's queen ...":a$="c8c6" smp:t$="What is White's next move?":f$="d8h8":x$="d5d8":c$="000m":r$="Black loses.":swm:c$="":r$="":a$="rd5nb2xd8qc4zrb8c8qc6":sp:3435k 1a$="nb2rc4zrc8b8qd5xc6d8":sp:scc:t$="Back to the last position. After c6-d5, White replies c4-c8+, ...":a$="c4c8":smp:t$=".. and Black captures with b8-c8. Black has gained a queen and a rook - and all by doing things in the right order.":a$="b8c8":smp:a$="qc4rc1d5zia6qc6rb8c8":sp:3435k Pa$="kg2qd1ra1f1ia3e2nc4f3pa4b3c2f2g3h3zkh8qe8ra7f8ib7e7nd5f6pa5b6e6f7g7h7":sp t$="An example of a lengthy capture sequence. White to play.":spz:t$="Go slowly, and make sure you understand each move before going on to the next.":spz:a$="0105c4d6":spm [t$="The knight threatens to capture the Black queen.":a$="e8d6":spf:a$="0005d5c3":spm Wt$="Black counters with a threat to White's queen.":a$="c3d1":spf:a$="xc3znd5":sp t$="(The correct move, however, was to remove the threat to the queen with 1 .... e7-d6 ..":a$="e7d6":smp:t$=".. leading to 2 a3-d6. White now threatens to capture the rook f8 with bishop d6, another favourable capture.":a$="a3d6":spb:sm ka$="d6f8":sfz:t$="Black moves 2 .... f8-g8, removing the rook from threat of capture.)":a$="f8g8":smp a$="nd6ia3xg8d5zrf8nc3ie7":sp:t$="Back to the sequence.":spz:a$="0206d6e8":spm:t$="As it is, White now captures the queen with a knight - a favourable capture.":spz ba$="0006c3d1":spm:t$="Black captures White's queen. All square in material loss- so far.":spz a$="0307a3e7":spm:t$="White captures the bishop.":spz:a$="0007b7f3":spm:t$="Check. Sets up Black's next move (can you guess?) ...":a$="f3g2":spf ŋa$="0408e2f3":spm:skc:a$="0008a7e7":spm:t$=".. recapturing the bishop. Watch these remaining moves.":spz:t$="":a$="0509e8f6":spx aa$="0009g7f6":spx:a$="0610f1d1":spx:t$="Who has the advantage, Black or White?":x$="white" r$="Count up the 'pawn points' value of the remaining material.":swb:t$="How many 'points' does White have?":x$="19":r$="White has 6 pawns, 2 rooks (both worth 5 pawns), and a bishop (worth 3 pawns). Total 19 pawns value.":f$="a4b3c2f2h3g3d1a1f3":shn t$="How many 'points' does Black have?":x$="16":r$="Black has 6 pawns, and 2 rooks. Total 16 pawns value.":f$="f7a5b6e6f6h7e7f8":shn:t$="White has gained a bishop, and has a winning advantage in material.":spz t$="When you play a capture sequence, make sure you calculate exactly, or you may lose a piece.":spz:t$="In this example, Black played his capture sequence a move behind, and therefore lost a piece.":spz: އa$="ig2zrh6":sbf:sh:sp:t$="A piece is stated to be En Prise if it is on a square where it may be captured by another piece.":spz ^t$="White plays g2-c6, where the bishop may be taken by the Black rook.":a$="0105g2c6":spx ?t$="White is said to have placed his bishop en prise.":spz: a$="kg1rf4h3id3d2pb5d5g2zkd6ra3g8if8ng5pb6e5h7":sp:t$="How many White men are en prise?":x$="4":r$="Four of White's men are en prise.":shm lt$="Pawn d5 is en prise to king d6.":a$="d5d6":spf:t$="Rook f4 is en prise to pawn e5.":a$="f4e5":spf pt$="Rook h3 is en prise to knight g5.":a$="h3g5":spf:a$="d3a3":t$="Bishop d3 is en prise to rook a3.":spf [t$="How many Black men are en prise?":x$="2":r$="Two of Black's men are en prise.":shm t$="Bishop f8 is en prise to rook f4.":a$="f8f4":spf:t$="Pawn h7 is en prise to rook h3.":a$="h7h3":spf:t$="Note that pawn h7 is also en prise to bishop d3.":a$="h7d3":spf ut$="If White were to play d3-h7, the bishop h7 would be en prise to knight g5.":a$="d3h7":spb:sm:a$="h7g5":sfz  gt$="A piece may be en prise for several moves. Sometimes a piece en prise may never be taken.":spz: :shc:e,q;"An exchange takes place when, on consecutive moves, two men ofequal value are captured, (one by each player).":skb sbf:sh:a$="kf1pb3c4e3zkf8pa7d5e6":sp:t$="White and Black exchange pawns at d5.":a$="d5":spf:a$="0105c4d5":t$="":spx:a$="0005e6d5":spx: Ta$="kg1qd2rc1f1ib1g5ne5f3pa3b2d4e3f2g2h2zkg8qa5ra8c8id8e8nd7e4pa6b7d5e6f7g7h7":sp 9t$="How many exchanging possibilities exist for White?" $ix$="5":r$="White has five exchange possibilities. Now play Black, as White demonstates the exchanges." )shm:r$="":v$="qqid2a5d8a5inpb1e4d5e4rrrc1c8a8c8nnie5d7e8d7iiqg5d8a5d8":u=od:t$="Exchange Number "+(u):u11=u*za:x$="01pwb"+v$(u11-k7u11):snm:a$=v$(u11-zp)+v$(u11-k7u11-e)+"z"+v$(u11-k9)+v$(u11-du11-t)+v$(u11-k8)+v$(u11-ru11-p):sp:u:t$="Now watch this move.":spz .scc:t$="Does this move lead to an exchange?":a$="0105e4d2":spm:x$="no":r$="This move is a capture, since a knight has taken a queen. After f3-d2, White has lost a queen for a knight.":syn 3Aa$="qd2zne4":sp:t$="Look at the following continuation.":spz 8Ja$="9105e4g5":t$="Black first exchanges a knight for a bishop ...":spx =(a$="0206f3g5":spm:skc:a$="0006d8g5" B+t$="... and then captures a knight.":spx Ggt$="With his next move, White shows Black's 'win' of a knight to be a mistake. What is White's move?" LYx$="d2a5":r$="In capturing a minor piece, Black has allowed his queen to be captured." Qbswm:t$="Before playing any move, make sure you do not leave yourself in a worse position.":spz V@t$="Who do you think is winning in this position?":x$="white" [-r$="White has a material advantage.":swb: `:shc:t,q;"Tactics are Chess tools, wherebya position can be made use of tobring about an advantage, such as the winning of material." e6:"Tactics can be used during any phase of a game." je:"The 4 main types of tactics are:":"1 Pins":"2 Forks":"3 Discovered Attack":"4 Skewer":skb: t:shc:t,q;"A Pin is a way of fixing or immobilizing an enemy piece, by making it shield another piece from attack.":skb ysbf:a$="ke2rc1zkc8ic5":sp:t$="The bishop c5 has no legal move, as the Black king would be exposed to check from the rook. The rook pins the bishop.":a$="c1c8":spf ~t$="Characteristics of the pin are: 1. Three pieces are needed to set a pin up, the pinning piece (c1) ...":a$="c1":spf:t$="... the pinned piece (c5) ...":a$="c5":spf:t$="... and the screened piece (c8).":a$="c8":spf [t$="2. A pin is an attack on two pieces along the same line.":a$="c1c2c3c4c5c6c7c8":spf xt$="3. The screened piece is generally more valuable than the pinned piece (and is therefore more worth saving).":spz Dt$="4. A piece pinned against a king cannot move.":a$="c5c8":spf scd:a$="ke1ra4zkb7rg4pc4":sp:t$="5. A pinned piece can move (except when a king is screened by it), but at the risk of losing the screened piece.": wc$="":a$="9105c4c3":spz:spm:skc:a$="0206a4g4":spm:t$="The pinned piece moved, and the rook was captured.":spz [scc:t$="6. A piece may be 'half-pinned'; in this case, it still has some mobility.":scd a$="kg1rb1id3zkg5rf6if5":sp:spz:t$="White to play. The White bishop is half pinned. It can move along the b1-h7 diagonal ...":a$="d3e4":smp et$="... but not along the f1-a6 diagonal.":a$="xe4id3":sp:a$="0105d3b5":spx:a$="0005f5b1":spm skc:t$="Final notes: 1. Knights can never pin. 2. If another piece pins a knight, the knight is nearly always wholly pinned, not half pinned.":spz ut$="A pinned piece is weak, because it cannot move. You will find that pins are very common in Chess games.":spz: da$="kh1qc8ra6re4ih5zke8qg6ic6nd8e7":sp:t$="Which Black pieces are pinned?":x$="4sc6d8e7g6":shw r$="The White queen is the pinning piece.":t$="On what square is the piece that pins knight d8?":a$="1d8":sfs:x$="c8":sws:a$="0d8":sfs bt$="How many White pieces are pinned?":x$="1":f$="c6e4h1":r$="The White rook is pinned.":shm et$="Is the rook e4 wholly pinned?":x$="yes":r$="The rook is wholly pinned against the king.":syn Ήt$="With Black to move, can the White queen c8 be captured?":x$="no":r$="e7-c8 is illegal, because of the exposed check to the king." f$="e4e8":syn Xt$="Positions involving several pins at once can be dangerous to both players.":spz: $a$="kg1qa5id5zka8pa6b7":v$=a$:sp t$="White to play, and checkmate in two moves. You are White. (Hint: Pawn b7 is pinned.)":x$="01pwwa5a6a8b8a6b7":c$="011c021m":r$="Checkmate":snm scd:a$=v$+"wqa6xa5":sp:t$="The pawn b7 was pinned against the king by the bishop, and could not capture the queen.":a$="b7a8d5":spf vt$="When a piece is wholly pinned, enemy pieces can be placed en prise to it, since thay cannot be captured.":spz: Pa$="kg1rb1id3zkg5rf6if5":sp:t$="Is the Black bishop pinned?":x$="no":syn: a$="kg1qf3ie3zkg5qg8if4pe5g3":sp:t$="White to play, and capture Black's queen in two moves. You are White. (Hint: Black's f4 bishop is pinned.)" (x$="01pwwf3g3g5f5g3g8":c$="011c":snm t$="Bacause of the pin on the bishop, White could place the queen on a square where she could capture Black's queen ...":spz:t$="... without herself being captured.":spz: qa$="ke2rf1pg2zkh8nh5pg7":sp:t$="White to play and win. (Hint: Black's king and knight are on the same file.)"  -x$="01pwwf1h1g7g6g2g4h8g7g4h5g6h5h1h5":snm t$="A pawn attack on a pinned piece usually leads to an advantage, since the pinned piece is attacked by a less valuable man.":spz: ZitsPart5 PPPP3910F,5,"PART 5","FORKS","z","DISCOVERED ATTACK","DISC. ATTACK","DISCOVERED CHECK","DISC. CHECK","DOUBLE CHECK","z","SKEWER","z" Y3,2,0,3,0,1,1,2,1,3,1 N3015 ,5,"",3145I ,3160X ,3185q ,3230 ,3270 83375/ ,3,"",3420\ ,3460 ,3480 83500 ,3,"",3575 ,3620$,36408 83670V,3,"",3705y,3730,3755  C3775,4,"",3835,3865,3365% ,3880(    |sch:d,q;"When a piece or pawn attacks more than one enemy man at a time, it is said to be forking the enemy men." 4::"A Fork is therefore a Double Attack.":skb psbf:a$="nd5zqc7re7":sp:t$="White to play. The d5 knight is forking queen c7 and rook e7.":a$="d5c7e7":spf rt$="The fork is the most common and important tactic found in Chess. Any man can give a fork, even a King.":spz _scd:p,q;"Pawn forks ":a$="pb2zra5nc5":t$="White to play.":sp:spz:a$="0105b2b4":spm qt$="The pawn simultaneously attacks the pieces on two squares- it forks a rook and a knight.":a$="b4a5c5":spf ft$="Two pieces one square apart on the same rank are always targets for pawn forks.":a$="a5c5":spf zt$="With a pawn fork, it does not matter if the enemy men are guarded, because the attacking pawn is of low value.":spz scd:scc:p,q;"Knight forks ":a$="qe6rb3znc6":sp:t$="The e6 queen attacks the knight ... but it is Black to move.":a$="e6c6":spf:a$="9105c6d4":spm [t$="The knight forks the queen and rook. Black will now gain material.":a$="d4b3e6":spf t$="The knight is the man most suited to deliver forks, because it can attack enemy men without itself being attacked..":spz:t$="...(except by another knight, of course).":spz scd:scc:p,q;"Bishop forks ":a$="id5zkg8ra8":sp:t$="The bishop simultaneously attacks along two diagonals. Black's rook and king are forked.":a$="d5c6b7a8e6f7g8": spf:t$="The king MUST move ...":a$="g8h8":d,q;" 1 ..... g8-h8":sm:t$="... and White wins a rook.":a$="0206d5a8":spm:spz scc:scd:p,q;"Rook forks ":a$="ic1nc6zrf4":sp:t$="Black to play. Bishop c1 is attacking rook f4.":a$="c1f4":spf:t$="The rook moves to fork the bishop and the knight.":a$="9105f4c4":spm:a$="c4c1c6":spf cscd:scc:p,q;"Queen forks ":a$="qf2zib4d7":sp:t$="White to play.":spz:a$="0105f2d4":spm vt$="The queen forks the bishops. Black must lose one, since the bishops cannot defend each other.":a$="d4b4d7":spf qscd:scc:p,q;"King forks ":a$="nd4pe4zke6":sp:t$="Black to play. The king is in check.":a$="d4e6":spf ua$="9105e6e5":spm:t$="Forks the knight and the pawn.":a$="e5e4d4":spf:a$="0206d4c6":cc=o:c$="000c":spm:skc !=c$="":a$="0006e5e4":spm:t$=".. capturing the pawn.":spz &Fsch:r,q;"Here is a summary of points to remember about forks:-": +x"1. The enemy pieces being forked should either be undefended or inadequately guarded, and therefore weak.": 0f"2. If possible the fork should be made by a man of lesser value than those being forked": 5"3. A fork combined with giving check is especially dangerous to your opponent, as he must remove the threat to the king and can't therefore protect the other man.":skb :sch:d,q;"4. The defending side must not be able to defend both pieces"::"5. The defending side must not be able to launch a strong counterattack." ?f:"6. The defending side must not be able to capture or exchange the forking piece.": D]"7. There must be a threat to gain material, or some other real advantage.":skb: Ia$="kg1qd1ra1f1ie2g3nb1pa2b2c2e3f2g2h2zke8qd8ra8h8id7b4ne7pa7c6d5e6f7g6h7":sp:s=o:s$(o,o)="Two of Black's pieces are temporarily undefended." Nt$="You are White. With what move can you fork two of Black's pieces?":x$="d1d4":f$="d4c4b4e5f6g7h8":r$="The queen attacks simultaneously along rank 4 and a diagonal. Black's pieces are unguarded at the moment.":swm Sut$="After 1. ..... e8-g8 ..":a$="e8g8":smp:t$="... and 2. d4-b4, White has captured a bishop.":a$="d4b4":smp: Xu=oe:a$=m$(u,o):sp:u:t$="Opening: Sicilian Defence. White- R.F.Combe (Scotland). Black- W.R.Hasenfuss (Latvia). Venue- Folkestone, 1933. Watch." ]x$="01dwwe2e4c7c5d2d4c5d4g1f3e7e5":snm:a$="1f3e5":sfs:t$="Should White now play 4. f3-e5?":x$="no":r$="This move opens the way for a fork by Black." br,q;y$:syn:t$=i$:a$="0f3e5":sfs:r$="Gains a knight":x$="04dwwf3e5d8a5c1d2a5e5":c$="050c":snm:a$="ic1xd2ne5zqa5":sp: ge,q;y$:r,q;y$:y$:t$="In this position, the queen forked the king and the knight. A fork with a combined check is especially dangerous.":a$="a5b4c3d2e1b5c5d5e5":spf lXt$="This is the shortest recorded International game of Chess- White resigned!":spz: qFa$="kg1qg2rc1d1ie2nf4pa2c4f2g3h2zkg8qf6rc8c7ie7nc5pa5b4e6f7g7h6":sp v\t$="Black to play.":a$="9105e6e5":spx:t$="The pawn attacks the knight.":a$="e5f4":spf {Vt$="Now play White's next move which shows Black's move to be a blunder.":x$="f4d5" mr$="By moving his pawn, Black left square d5 unguarded. The knight d5 now forks the queen,rook and bishop." f$="d5c7e7f6":swm gt$="Note that the White knight attacks 8 squares, all the same colour.":a$="d5e3c3b4b6c7e7f4f6":spf Nt$="Only pieces standing on the same colour may be forked by a knight.":spz t$="Black has blundered. "+i$ 4x$="02dbbf6c6d5c7c8c7":r$="Wins exchange ":snm: Pa$="ke1qd1rc1h1id2f3nb5pa2b2d4e4f2g2h2zke8qb6ra8h8ig7nd7f6pa7b7d6e7f7g6h7":sp Rt$="White to play. What move would you make?":x$="b5c7":c$="000c":f$="c7a8e8" Vr$="The knight forks the king and the rook - particularly dangerous for Black.":swm Jc$="":t$="Knight c7 is supported by rook c1.":a$="c1c2c3c4c5c6c7":spf Ft$="If Black attempts to capture the knight ...":a$="9105b6c7":spx <t$="... he loses his queen.":a$="0206c1c7":spb:spm:skc ea$="rc1nc7zqb6":sp:t$="As it is, White wins material, by capturing the rook.":scc:a$="9105e8d8" spx:a$="0206c7a8":spm:skc: 6a$="kg1qa4re1ib2pa2f2g2h2zkg8qc8ra7nd7pa5f7g7h7":sp }t$="Another type of fork involves simultaneously attacking a piece and a vital square, usually threatening checkmate.":spz lt$="White to play.":spb:a$="0105a4d4":spm:t$="White forks the rook and the pawn....":a$="a7g7d4":spf At$="... threatening checkmate by 2. d4-g7.":a$="d4e5f6g7":spf Ct$="Black moves to prevent the checkmate ...":a$="0005d7f6":spx 8t$="... but loses the rook.":a$="0206d4a7":spm:spz: >scd:scc:a$="kg1qd1id3pb2c2f2g2h3zkh8qd7nb6pb5c5f7g7h7":sp ot$="White to play. Which move is correct? (Hint: Black has an undefended pawn.)":x$="d1f3d1h5":swc:num=q num*zp+3305 st$="Incorrect. Not a genuine fork. The d7 queen protects the pawn from attack by the f3 queen.":a$="d7f3f7":spf t$="The knight b6 guards the a8 square, so White cannot play 2. f3-a8 checkmate.":a$="b6f3e4d5c6b7a8":spf:a$="qd1xf3":sp:3305 t$="Correct. Supported by bishop d3, White threatens checkmate with 2. h5-h7. Pawn c5 is undefended.":a$="h5h6h7h8d3e4f5g6c5":spf Kscc:t$="Black moves his pawn to stop the checkmate.":a$="9105h7h6":spx xa$="0206h5c5":spm:t$="Captures the pawn, and forks the knight and the f8 square, threatening checkmate by 3. c5-f8." ,a$="b6f8d6e7c5f8":spf:a$="0006d7d8":spm Kt$="Guarding the knight, and the checkmate threat.":a$="d8c7b6e8f8":spf ba$="0307c5f5":t$="Forking the undefended pawn f7, and threatening mate.":spm:a$="f7f5h7":spf qt$="Watch the rest of the sequence.":x$="03dbbh8g8f5h7g8f8h7h8f8e7h8d8e7d8d3b5":c$="041c051c061c":r$="":snm :t$="An easily won game for White.":spz:scd:3300 %a$="kd4ph7zkf7pa2":sp:t$="White to play. Who wins?":x$="black":r$="Watch White's move, then play Black's move.":swb:a$="0105h7h8":c$="000pqh8":spm *x$="a2a1":c$="000pqa1":t$="Your move":r$="Check. The king and queen are skewered on the diagonal.":f$="d4a1h8":swm:t$=i$:x$="02dwwd4d5a1h8":r$="":snm: /sch:d,q;"Another type of Double Attack isthe Discovered Attack."::"This occurs when two men work together to attack at least two targets." 4{:"Discovered attack is related to Discovered Check and Double Check, both of which are discussed later.":skb 95sbf:a$="kf2rb2if4pb4f3g2h2zke8rc8ib7pc5f7g7h6":sp >ht$="White to play. Watch the b2 rook and b4 pawn combine for a discovered attack on the Black bishop." Ca$="b2b4b7":spf:a$="0105b4c5":spm:t$="The pawn capture discovers an attack by the rook on the bishop, which is unguarded." H_a$="b2b3b4b5b6b7":spf:t$="If Black attacks the White pawn with his rook...":a$="c8c5":smp M4t$=".. White captures the bishop.":a$="b2b7":smp Ra$="pc5rb2zib7rc8":sp:t$="Black must take action against this threat, so instead he moves the bishop away from attack...":a$="0005b7d5":spx Wa$="0206f4d6":t$="... and White defends his pawn from attack by the c8 rook. White ends a pawn up.":spm:a$="d6c5c8c7c6":spf:3550 \6a$="kg1qe2rb1nd5pc4f2g2h3zkg8qd8re8ie6pb7f7g7h6":sp a|s=p:s$(o,o)="Black's rook has a hidden attack on the queen.":v$=a$:a$="0105b1b7":t$="White to play. Watch.":spz:spm fs$(p,o)="White's rook is on the same colour square as Black's bishop.":t$="Now play Black's move which proves White's capture of the pawn to be a blunder.":x$="e6d5" kr$="The veiled attack on the queen is discovered by the bishop move, which captures a knight and also attacks the rook b7.":f$="e8e7e6e5e4e3e2d5c6b7":swm pgr$="":t$="White must lose material in this postion. "+i$:x$="02dwwe2e8d8e8c4d5e8e1g1h2e1e5h2g1e5d5" us=q:c$="021c040c050c":snm:a$=v$:scd:sp:scc:t$="In this (original) position, Black has two good moves, both of which win material. What are they?" zx$="2me6d5e6f5":a$="xf5zie6":sp:t$="One way of dealing with the threat of a discovered attack is to move the man who is about to be attacked.":a$="e8e7e6e5e4e3e2" Wspf:t$="Here White should have removed his queen from danger.":a$="0105e2f3":spx: {a$="kg1qc2ra1ie3pa3b4e4f2g2h3zkg8qe7rc8ic7pa7b6e6f7g7h6":sp:s=o:s$(o,o)="There is a veiled attack on White's queen.": t$="Black to play. What is his next move?":x$="c7h2":c$="000c":f$="h2g1":r$="When the unmasking piece (the Black bishop in this example) gives check, the discovery is a powerful weapon.":swm gt$="The bishop is placed en prise. White must remove the threat to the king ...":a$="0205g1h2":spx: >t$="... and White has lost the queen.":a$="0005c8c2":spx: Ta$="kf1rb4nc6pe5f2zkh7rg4nc4pg7h6":sp:t$="What is Black's next move?":x$="c4e5" Pr$="Wins a pawn. White can either play c6-e5...":swm:a$="0205c6e5":spm:skc ]a$="0005g4b4":t$=".. and Black wins a rook for a knight ....":spx:a$="rb4nc6zne5rg4":sp mscc:t$="..or White can play b4-g4...":a$="0205b4g4":spx:t$=".. exchanging rooks.":a$="0005e5g4":spx: sch:k7,q;"Discovered Check is a particularform of Discovered Attack, wherethe unveiled (stationary) piece - not the (moving) unmasking piece - gives check." +skb:sbf:a$="kf1ic4pd5zkg8rc7nd4pc5":sp t$="White, although a rook down, wins by discovered check.":a$="0105d5d6":spb:spm:t$="The pawn advance discovers the bishop check on the king.":a$="c4g8":spf t$="The defending side must parry the threat to the king ...":a$="0005g8g7":spx:t$="... but cannot protect the rook.":a$="0206d6c7":spx Jt$="On White's next move, the pawn will promote to queen.":a$="c7":spf "sch:r,k8;"CHARACTERISTICS":: v"1. Effectively gives the attacking side 2 consecutive moves with the unmasking (moving) piece." ϐ" In the example you saw, the White pawn moved once to expose the check on the king, then again to attack the rook." }:"2. The defending side must parry the check. There is no option to capture either the moving or the unveiled man." skb: ޖa$="pb4if4zpc5ib7xd6d5":sp:t$="Notes. 1. Two attacking pieces are involved, so it is more dangerous than a fork where only one piece is involved." a$="b2b4":spf:t$="2. It is not possible for the defending side to capture both attacking men at once.":spz:t$="In the example, the bishop and pawn could not both be defended at the same time." a$="b7c5":spf t$="3. Therefore, the unveiling (moving) man may be moved to a square where it is en prise (directly attacked) ...":a$="b4":spf Wt$="... which gives this man the opportunity to attack a more valuable piece.":spz: Ma$="ke1qd1ra1h1if3pa3b2c4d4f2g3h3zkg8qe7ra8f8ne4pa7b7c7d6f7g7h6":sp:v$=a$ t$="Which move is correct? (Each move gives discovered check from the queen e7.)":x$="e4g3e4c3e4f2":c$="000c":swc:num=q num*zp+3580 jt$="A good move, but not the best. Black has captured a pawn, and won the exchange. Watch the sequence."  Qx$="02dwwe1d2e7g5d2c3g3h1f3h1c7c6":c$="030c":r$="":snm:scd:scc:3575 t$="Correct. Black wins a queen; White cannot save her. Watch White's attempts.":spz:t$="First try.":x$="02dwwe1d2c3d1":r$="":snm:a$="xd2ke1qd1znc3":sp:x$="02dwwd1e2c3e2":t$="Second try.":snm a$="qd1xe2znc3":sp:t$="Third try.":x$="02dwwf3e2c3d1":snm:a$="xe2if3qd1znc3":sp:t$="Last try.":x$="02dwwe1f1c3d1":snm:t$="In each case, White must first remove the threat to the king.":spz:a$="ke1xf1qd1zne4":sp:scc:3580 t$="Wrong. An example of a faulty execution of a discovered attack.":spz:t$="White escapes from the double threat to his king and queen by moving the king out of check...":a$="0205e1f2":spx t$="... and capturing the unmasking piece at the same time.":spz:t$="When making a discovered check, don't place the the unveiling piece on a square where it can be captured by the king.":spz:a$="xf2zne4":sp:3580 $s=p:s$(p,o)="Black's rook is undefended.":s$(o,o)="White's bishop is on the same diagonal as the Black king":a$="kg2ib2nd4pb3f3e4zkh8id3re1pb5f7c5":sp:t$="What is White's best move?":x$="d4c2":c$="000c" )f$="b2c3d4e5f6g7h8c2e1":r$="The discovered check from the bishop simultaneously enables White to attack the king and capture the undefended rook.":swm .|t$="Notice how with discovered check it is possible to attack pieces which are far apart at either end of the board.":spz 3Uc$="":a$="9105h8g8":t$=i$:spx:a$="0206c2e1":t$="White ends a piece up.":spx: 8Da$="kg1qa4re1d1id2na5c3pa2b2f2g2zkd8qh4ra8h8ia6g7ng4pb6c7e7f7":sp =t$="Black threatens checkmate in 3 ways, with h4-f2, h4-h2, and h4-h1.":a$="h4h2h1f2":spf:t$="The White knight is also attacked.":a$="g7c3":spf Bs$(o,o)="White must counterattack.":s$(p,o)="The knight check a5-c6 gets White nowhere after d8-c8.":s$(r,o)="Black's queen is on the same colour square as White's bishop.": Gs=r:t$="White to play. What is his best move?":x$="d2g5":r$="Gives discovered check from the rook d1, and also attacks the Black queen.":f$="g5h4d1d8":swm LGa$="9105d8c8":t$="Black has no choice but to move his king ...":spx QOt$="... so White wins a queen, and prevents checkmate.":a$="0206g5h4":spx: V1sbf:a$="kg2rb1ne6pd5f4g3zkf6ra2ne2pd6f5g6":sp [!t$="Black to play. Watch.":spz `[t$="Not only a discovered check from the rook, but the unmasking piece also gives check." e0a$="9105e2f4":spm:a$="a2b2c2d2e2f2g2f4":spf ja$="0206g2f3":t$="With double check the king is simultaneously attacked from two directions, and his only possible defence is to move.": orspx:a$="0006f4d5":t$="Black has captured two pawns, and the White knight is now undefended and attacked.":spx t~t$="Notes: Double check is normally abbreviated as 'dble. ch.'. It is an extremely dangerous attacking tactic.":spz: y4a$="kg1qg2rd1e4pa2b5f2h2zkb7qf5rg8g7pa7b6c5h6":sp ~Kt$="Black threatens to capture White's queen. What is White's best move?" }s=p:s$(o,o)="The White queen is on the same diagonal as the Black king.":s$(p,o)="The Black king is exposed on rank 7." =x$="e4e7":r$="Double check.":f$="g2f3e4d5c6b7e7d7c7":swm Ox$="01dbbb7c8e7g7g8g7g2g7":t$="Watch the sequence.":r$="Wins a rook":snm: :a$="kc2qb1rd1pa3b2e4f3g2h2zkb8rc7ic6d4pa7b7e5f7g7h7":sp qt$="Black to play. What is his next move?":s=p:s$(o,o)="The Black rook is on the same file as White's king." ks$(p,o)="White's pieces are on the same colour as Black's c6 bishop.":x$="c6e4":r$="Double check. "+i$ dswm:r$="":x$="01dwwc2d2e4b1d1b1":snm:t$="Black captures a queen and a pawn for a bishop.":spz et$="As the king must move, the unmasking (moving) piece can be placed en prise to the king.":spz: >a$="ka1qd6rh1ih5pa2b2c2d7f2g2h2zkg8qe4ra8nb4pa7b7f6g7h7":sp t$="White threatens checkmate, after promoting the pawn with d7-d8.":a$="d7d8":c$="000pqd8":spb:sm:2224:t,q;"Check":skc a$="xd8pd7":sp:x$="01pbbb4c2a1b1c2a3b1a1e4b1h1b1a3c2":t$="How can Black, using double check, give checkmate in four moves? (You play Black. This puzzle is not easy!)" ^c$="020c030d040c050m":snm:t$="This type of checkmate is known as 'smothered mate'.":spz: sch:t,q;"A Skewer occurs when a piece attacks along a line (rank, fileor diagonal) which is occupied by at least two enemy men." P:"One of the enemy men has to move, and the other is captured.":skb:sbf a$="kd1ic1zkc5qf8":sp:skc "a$="0105c1a3":spm:t,q;"Check" `t$="The bishop has skewered the king and queen on the a3-f8 diagonal.":a$="a3b4c5d6e7f8":spf Dt$="The king is compelled to move...":t,q;y$:a$="0005c5d5":spx >t$="... and the queen is captured.":a$="0206a3f8":spx:sch t,k8;"CHARACTERISTICS" B:"1. A skewer is a form of double attack, similar to a pin." >:"2. Only a bishop, rook, or queen can perform a skewer." F:"3. The attacking man skewers the enemy man through another man" j:"4. In skewering, the attacking side threatens immediate gain and thus immediate effect.":skb: 0a$="kf1nd3d4ph2g2f2b2a2zkg8re7pa7b7f7g7h7":sp it$="Black to play, and skewer White's knights. Which move is correct?":x$="e7d7e7e4e7e3":swc:num=q 3845+d*num  t$="Correct. The knights are inadequately defended, and are skewered along the d file. Watch.":r$="Gains a knight":x$="02dwwd4f3d7d3":snm:a$="xf3nd3d4zre7":sp:3840 xt$="Incorrect. The knight d3 is not attacked along the d file.":a$="0205d4f3":spx:a$="xe4f3nd4zre7":sp:3840 ^t$="An error. The rook is captured.":a$="0205f2e3":spx:a$="xe3f3pf2zre7":sp::3840 a$="kg1qf4ra1f1nf3g3pb2b4f2g2h2zke8qb5rc8h8id5nf6pa6b7e6f7g7h7":sp:a$="9105c8c4":t$="Watch Black's move, then play White's reply.":spz:spm t$="Your move.":x$="f4b8":s=o:s$(o,o)="Black's last move leaves his back rank weak.":c$="000c":r$="The queen skewers the rook through the king, which must move.":f$="b8e8h8":swm #a$="xc4b8qf4zrc8":sp:t$="Black should first have played e8-g8, completing development and protecting the back rank, before moving c8-c4.":a$="e8g8":smp: (7a$="kb2re1ia4d4nh6pa3b3c2zkf8qg3rb8nd6id5pa6c7e7":sp -t$="White to play and win. What is his best move? (Hint: There is a skewer on a Square.)":x$="e1e3d4c3e1g1e1f1":scc:swc:num=q 238902+num*d 7t$="Incorrect. Black forks the knight and the bishop, winning material.":a$="g3f4":spb:sm:a$="f4d4h6":sfz:a$="xe3f4re1zqg3":sp:3885- <t$="Incorrect. Black attacks the knight ...":x$="01dbbg3f4e1h1d5h1":r$="":snm:t$="... and gains a rook.":spz:a$="xc3f4h1id4re1zqg3id5":sp:3885- Aat$="Correct. White skewers the g7 square, threatening checkmate.":a$="g1g3g7":spf:t$="If Black plays g3-f4 he loses. Watch.":x$="01dbbg3f4d4g7":r$="Checkmate":snm:t$="Not so bad for Black is g3-g1 ...":a$="xf4g7id4zqg3":sp:x$="01dbbg3g1d4g1":r$="":snm:t$="... whereby he loses a queen for a rook.":spz:a$="xg1id4re1zqg3":sp:3885- Ft$="Check. Not the best move. Black can play d6-f7, threatening to fork the rook and the knight with his next move (g3-h3).":a$="d6f7":spb:sm:a$="h6h5h4h3g2f1":sfz:a$="xf1f7re1znd6":sp:3885- ZChar