*""G?Ф6:\!612345?o:o:c:z:"770":z+u:r e*y:"Recording the"'"moves of a"'"game is known"'"as ";z$;".":z:"The method we"'"have already"'"begun to use"'"is ca[ed":٧:z$="K@English":y:"or":l:z$="N@descriptive":y:"notation.":v 5y*y:"CHESSMEN"'""'" K = King"'""'" Q = Queen"'""'" R = Rook"'""'" B = Bishop"'""'" N = Knight"''" P = Pawn":v:y*y:"FILES"''"As for the"'"chessmen,plus";٧'"QB = Q Bishop"'"QN = Q Knight"'"QR = Q Rook"'l;"KB = K Bishop"'"KN = K Knight"'"KR = K Rook"'o'"(N or Kt for"'"Knight).":v r1y*y:"MOVES":u+u+z:"e.p. ="'" en passant"'"ch = check"'"dis ch ="'"discovered ch"'"dbl ch ="'" double check":v:y*y:"REMARKS"''"! = good move"''"? = bad move.":v:z$="@ASETTING UP":c-f:r/c,o;"Now to set up"'"the board,"'"but first a"'"change of"'"colour...":u:u-t:z$="I@Yuk!":y:v r+r+t:r/c,o;"The Queen is"'"always placed"'"on her own"'"colour (White"'"on light).";y,y+l;r$:z:t-l,o;"Note that the"'"Queens face"'"each other"'"across the"'"board,as do"'"the Kings.":z:y,y+l;" ":r:l;h$'" Note Black] "'" Queen is to "'" his right. "'l$:v 3"Now for a"'"very brief"'"demonstration"'"game,using":l:z$="G@descriptive":y:l:z$="I@notation.":y:u:e,o;g;v;h$+""'" White always "'" moves first. "'l$+"":v:"If you don't"'"understand"'"how chessmen"'"are moved,"'"don't worry"'"about it now.":z:'"Concentrate"'"on ";z$:v:e*y:e*e Dv:z$="M[KI[":i:t/w,o;"1 P-KN4":w:z$="CWKEW":i:t/w,v+l;"P-K3":w:v:z$="MYKKY":i:+,o;"2 P-KB3":w:z$="AUCI]":i:+,v+l;"Q-R5";v,v+l;"mate!":t/y,-y:w:z$="I@Fool] mate:":y:o:t+l,o;"the shortest"'"game of chess"'"possible.":"740":z:v lu:z-c:,o;"There is a"'"second method"'"of notation:":٧:z$="F@algebraic":y:"or":l:z$="I@continental":y:"notation.":z:'"Letters a to"'"h are used"'"instead of"'"file names.":c vw"","":o;w;w;o,-"":23675{\,z-w:23676|\,z-l:n=lf+l:w;v;l;e-l,f-l+n;(143+n):n:g+w:v {"These letters"'"are combined"'"with the rank"'"numbers as"'"before.":c:w:v-l:u+t:n=lv+l:l;l;e-n*w,f;"a";n;"b";n;"c";n;"d";n;"e";n;"f";n;"g";n;"h";n:n:v:o c:v+l,o;'"In algebraic"'"notation the"'"descriptive"'"P-K4 would be"'"recorded as"'"e2-e4 (the"'"pawn at e2 is"'"moved to e4).":l:"890":o:z:"890":r "When a piece"'"is moved,its"'"initial is"'"shown before"'"its starting"'"square (N for"'"Knight.)":z:'"E.g. Ra1-a5"'"records that"'"the Rook at"'"a1 is moved"'"to a5.":l:"895":o:z:"895":r "Algebraic"'"notation has"'"a number of"'"advantages"'"over English"'"notation.":z:'"Recording"'"both squares"'"avoids"'"ambiguity.":v:"We don't need"'"to refer to"'"a different"'"set of rank"'"numbers when"'"recording our"'"opponent]"'"moves.":v 2"Algebraic"'"notation is"'"now the only"'"method of"'"notation"'"recognized by"'"F.I.D.E.":z:l'"Most computer"'"programs for"'"playing chess"'"also require"'"algebraic"'"input.":v:"However,many"'"chess books"'"written in"'"English use"'"descriptive"'"notation.":z:'"So you should"'"learn both.":v y*y:"ALGEBRAIC"'"NOTATION"::u+u+z:"+ = check"'"++ = double"'" check";v+l,o;w;":";f,o;"^ or mate ="'" checkmate":v:"Sometimes #x$"'"is used as"'"the symbol"'"for capture,"'"as in English"'"notation,and"'"#++$ is used"'"to indicate"'"checkmate!":v:"The next game"'"demonstrates"'"algebraic"'"notation.":u:w'"It also shows"'"another early"'"mating attack"'"you should"'"guard against.":v:u-t:r+r:z+z:w,o:e*e v:z$="MWKIW":i:t/w,o;"1 e2-e4":w:z$="CWKEW":i:t/w,v+l;"e7-e6":w:v:z$="MUKKU":i:+,o;"2 d2-d3":w:z$="AYEGS":i:l;v-l,v+l;"Bf8-c5":w ưv:z$="OQGMU":i:v,o;"3Nb1-d2":w:z$="AUCI]":i:l;v,v+l;"Qd8-h4":w:v:z$="O[GKY":i:v+l,o;"4Ng1-f3":w:z$="I]CMY":i:l;v+l,v+l;"Qh4:f2";v+w,v+l;"mate!" ˶t/y,-y::"740":v:"There are"'"two forms of"'"algebraic"'"notation:":٧:z$="G@fu[":y:t-w,g;"and":l:z$="I@condensed!":y:r:'"You have been"'"shown the"'"fu[ version." :v /w;"In condensed"'"algebraic"'"the starting"'"square is"'"omitted when"'"unambiguous.":z:"The moves we"'"have just"'"seen would be"'"recorded so:":u:"1 e4,e6"'"2 d3,Bc5"'"3 Nd2,Qh4"'"4Ng1-f3,Q:f2^":z:u:r/w:w;e-l,f;s$;" ":r:"770":x=l:z+r:r:oku+y:r+r:c*t Σ"This program"'"wi[ use"'"descriptive"'"notation.":u:l'"Part Two of"'b$;",":z$="J@Board Play,":٧:y:l;"wi[ help you"'"to learn"'"algebraic"'"notation.":v x=wf*t:u*g-y:"770" dz$="@BTHE MOVES":c-t:"Your move is"'"complete when"'"you release"'"the chessman"'"you've moved.":z:w'"If in doubt,"'"don't let go!":v:z$="@ATOUCH-MOVE":c-f:"If you touch"'"one of your"'"chessmen,your"'"opponent may"'"demand that"'"you move it.":z:'"Providing a"'"legal move is"'"possible,you"'"MUST move it.":z:x=l:"880":z:x=o:"880":r  $z$="@BJ'ADOUBE":c-t:"If you wish"'"to centre a"'"chessman on"'"its square,"'"because it"'"looks untidy,"'"say to your"'"opponent"'"#J'adoube$":r:"(French for"'"#I adjust$).":v:"J'adoube is"'"pronounced"'"#ja-doob$"'"with a soft J.":z:w'"Be sure your"'"opponent has"'"heard you!":v >z$="@BTHE KING":c-f:"The King"'"moves one"'"square at a"'"time in any"'"direction.":x=y+:e*t:z$="":t+l,y+;"";t+w,y+;"":c:l;w;t-l,y+l;z$;t,y+l;z$;f-y/t,y+l;z$;f-l,y+l;z$;l;t+l,y+l;u$;t+w,y+l;u$;t+l,t+f;u$;t+w,t+f;u$ fxt-l,o;"The flashing"'"squares show"'"the area of"'"potential"'"movement and"'"attack.":v:"You cannot"'"move the King"'"to a square"'"threatened by"'"an opposing"'"chessman.":z:v,e+l;"";v+l,e+l;"";t-l,y+l;u$;t,y+l;u$:t/y,-y:w:z$="I@You can't":y:w:z$="K@move into":y:w:z$="M@check!":y:v:"Here,neither"'"King can move"'"to White] Q4.":z:u:z-c:r z$="@BTHE QUEEN":c-t:"The Queen"'"moves in any"'"direction":r+r+z:x=y+l:e*t:x=w+l:z+z-t:v*c:z*:t,o;"This is the"'"most powerful"'"piece. It may"'"threaten many"'"squares at"'"once.":z:u:z-c:r ʳz$="@BTHE ROOKS":c-f:"Rooks move"'"north,south,"'"east or west":r+r+z:x=f:e*t:x=v+w:z+z-t:v*c:t,o;"Two Rooks in"'"combination"'"can be very"'"dangerous.":z:u:z-c:r z$="@CBISHOPS":c-t:"Bishops move"'"diagona[y":r+r+z:x=t+f:e*t:x=f-t:z+z-t:z*:t-l,o;"One bishop"'"wi[ stay on"'"light squares"'"and the other"'"on dark.":z:u:z-c:r `Lz$="@CKNIGHTS":c-f:"Knights move"'"in an L-shape"'"with these"'"orientations:"'w'" "'" ":x=e-l:e*t:x=v:z+z-t:t+l,o;"E.g. one"'"square south,"'"two squares"'"east: .":n=ol:w;l;v+n,y-l;u$;v+n,y+;u$;t-l+n,f+w;u$;t-l+n,t+f;u$;y-v+n,f+w;u$;y-v+n,t+f;u$;f+n,y-1;u$;f+n,y+;u$:n:v "Mastery of"'"the Knight is"'"vital to good"'"play.":u:'"Note how weak"'"it becomes"'"when stuck in"'"a corner.":u:'"Only two"'"squares are"'"attacked.":l,e+t+l;"";w,e+t+l;"":w;l;l;,f+t;u$;g,f+t;u$;f-t,y+v;u$;+,y+v;u$:z r:"The Knight is"'"the only"'"chessman that"'"can jump over"'"other men.":z:t-l,e+l;"";t,e+l;"";o;t+l,y+;o$;t+w,y+;"":z:u:r t-l,y+l;"";t,y+l;"":,o;"A powerful"'"move is the":w:z$="E@Knight fork.":y:c/y,e+l;"";c/y+l,e+l;"";v,t+f;"";v+l,t+f;"":u:t-w,o;"Black] King"'"and Queen are"'"both attacked"'"i.e. FORKED.":"730":"The Queen"'"can't escape." Bz:u:r:"There is a"'"special type"'"of checkmate"'"that only the"'"Knight can"'"achieve:":w:z$="I@smothered":y:w:z$="K@mate.":y:z:l,t+f;"";w,t+f;"";,t+f;"   ";g,t+f;"":c:,y+;"";g,y+;"":t/y,-y:f-l,o;"The King is"'"blocked by"'"adjacent men." z:u:z-c:r:z$="@BTHE PAWNS":c-t:"Pawns advance"'"one square at"'"a time.":l;e,y+l;o$;t-l,y+l;o$;t,y+l;"":l;g;v,y+l;u$;v+l,y+l;u$:z v,o;"They take"'"diagona[y!":n=vv+l:n,y-l;"":n:z:t,o;"An opposing"'"piece on the"'"green square"'"would not be"'"threatened &"'"would block"'"the pawn.":v "With opposing"'"pieces on the"'"red squares,"'"we have a":w:z$="G@pawn fork.":y:z:v,y-l;"";v+l,y-l;"":c:e,y+;" ";t+l,y+;" ";t+w,y+;"";t,o;"These are"'"particularly"'"nasty when a"'"second pawn"'"protects the"'"first.":z:u:z-c:r (u-t:r+r+t:,o;"On its first"'"move,a pawn"'"may be moved"'"two squares.":c:v:z$="MWKIW":i:w:z$="CWKGW":i:w:v:z$="MUKIU":i:w:z$="CYKEY":i:w:v:z$="IUKGU":i:r:z$="G@fifth rank.":"White] most"'"advanced pawn"'"is now on the":w:y:g+l:l;w;l;v,f-l;"";v+l,f-l;"":g+w:w:z$="CSKGS":i:z$="@AEN PASSANT":'"By advancing"'"the QB pawn"'"two squares,"'"Black gives"'"White the"'"option of"'"taking it...":r:c-f:v x"White must"'"accept this"'"option now"'"or lose the"'"chance.":z:'z$'"cannot be"'"postponed.":u:'"Note that"'"White cannot"'"take Black]"'"pawn at K5.":z:u*g-y:v:z$="GUKES":i:y:ڧ;l;v+l,y-l;o$:z$="EN PASSANT":r:l;"PxP e.p.":"Black] pawn"'"is taken"'z$'"(in passing).":z:'"This is the"'"only time any"'"chessman is"'"taken without"'"occupation of"'"its square by"'"the attacking"'"chessman.":v "The rule of"'z$'"a[ows us to"'"pretend that"'"the pawn to"'"be taken had"'"moved forward"'"one square"'"instead of"'"two.":z:u:z-c:r:z$="@BPROMOTION":c-t:"If a pawn"'"reaches the"'"8th rank,it"'"is promoted.":z:'"A player may"'"choose any"'"piece,except"'"a King.":v "860":l,r/t-l;"";w,r/t-l;"":,o;"Promotion"'"takes effect"'"immediately.":"870":l,y+;"";w,y+;"":t/y,-y:v,o;"P-K8ch(Q)."'o'"The queened"'"pawn checks"'"Black] King.":z:u:z-c:r "860":l,y+l;"";w,y+l;"":,o;"A pawn may"'"reach the 8th"'"rank & attain"'"promotion by"'"capturing an"'"opposing"'"piece.":c:"870":l,y+l;"";w,y+l;"":t/y,-y:t+l,o;"PxR(Q).":u:'"You may have"'"more than one"'"Queen.":z:u:z-c:r @z$="@BCASTLING":c-f:"This move is"'"a[owed once.":c:'"The King & a"'"Rook (castle)"'"are moved.":c:'"Neither piece"'"should have"'"been moved"'"before.":v:"The King must"'"not be in"'"check,nor may"'"it cross a"'"square that"'"is attacked.":x=y+:e*t:z*:z:t,o;"Intervening"'"squares must"'"be empty.":v Ҩ"KING-SIDE"'z$;l'"O-O":x=r/t-l:e*t:u*g:u*g+t:"right.":z:x=y+:u*g+y:x=r/t-:z*:c:"830":l:x=r/t-l:u*g+y:o:x=f+t:u*g:z:u:z-c:x=y+:e*t:z*:r ܉"QUEEN-SIDE"'z$'"O-O-O":x=f:e*t:u*g:u*g+t:"left.":z:x=y+:u*g+y:x=e+l:z*:c:"830":x=f:u*g+y:x=y+l:u*g:z:u:z-c:r l:s$'" Remember,as "'" Black your "'" King is on "'" your left. "'s$:r:" How would "'" you castle "'" as Black? "'s$:z:" Imagine it: "'" first O-O, "'" then O-O-O. "'s$:o:g:o:r/w:v:y+l,f;h$;"":o:g;l;y-l,y+l;"":u+y:v:z-c:u+y:u*g-y:"770" _z$="@DPINS":c-t:"You cannot"'"move any man"'"that shields"'"your King"'"from check.":z:'"The shielding"'"chessman is"'"PINNED.":z:x=y+:e*t:u*g-t:v,y+;"";v+l,y+;"":x=y+v:e*t:f-w,y+;"";f-l,y+;"":r:"The Knight is"'"PINNED by"'"Black] Queen.":c:'"It cannot be"'"moved as long"'"as check is"'"threatened.":v F"If a pinned"'"piece is"'"attacked by a"'"pawn,its loss"'"is almost"'"certain.":z:t+l,f+t;" ";t+w,t+f;"":t/y,-y:u:t,o;"Note the"'"threat of"'"....QxN mate!":v:"Pins are not"'"always as bad"'"as this one,"'"but they are"'"strategica[y"'"important.":r:'"Pinned men"'"are virtua[y"'"useless.":z:u:z-c:r "z$="@BDISCOVERY":c-f:"When a King"'"is shielded"'"from check by"'"an opposing"'"chessman,"'"there is the"'"danger of":w:z$="J@discovered":y:w:z$="L@check":y:"(dis ch).":"680" ,u*g-l:t-l,y+;"";t,y+;"":t/y,-y:r:"By moving the"'"Knight,Black"'"a[ows the"'"Queen to"'"check White]"'"King.":z:l:'"The check is":z$="K@discovered.":y: z:u:z-c:r 6"If both the"'"moved man and"'"the disclosed"'"man attack"'"the King,we"'"discover":z$="I@double check":w:y:"(dbl ch).":"680":u*g-l:t+l,t+f;"";t+w,t+f;"":t/y,-y:f-w,o;"Strong stuff!":z:u:z-c:r @z$="@CSKEWER":c-t:"The opposite"'"of the pin is"'"the SKEWER.":u:x=y+:e*t:z*:x=f:e*t:u*g:c:x=t+y-l:v-l:o:u*g:v:o:t/y,-y:v,o;"An unguarded"'"chessman is"'"shielded by a"'"more valuable"'"piece.":z::"730":"Goodbye Rook.":z J0v-l;f,y+;u$;f+l,y+;u$:f-w,y+l;"";f-l,y+l;"":r:"When a man is"'"unguarded and"'"under attack"'"it is":z$="G@en prise":w:y:o:u:"(pronounced"'"#on pree$).":z:l;v-l;f,t+y-l;u$;f+l,t+y-l;u$;f,f;"";f+l,f;"":t+w,o;"....RxR":t/y,-y:z:u:z-c:r:x=w:z+r:r:oky*c f*t:u*g-y:"770":z$="@CVALUES":c-t:"The following"'" relative "'"values were"'"agreed by the"'"Euratom"'"Committee on"'"computer"'"chess.":v:""'" = 1000"'""'" = 85"'""'" = 45"'""'" = 30"'""'" = 30"''" = 10"'w;" "'"E.g.=":v:"The very high"'"value placed"'"on the King"'"ensures that"'"a computer"'"#understands$"'"the object of"'"the game:":w:z$="K@checkmate!":y:v "In practice,"'"these values"'"are unstable.":c:'"On a crowded"'"board,the"'"Knight is"'"worth more"'"than a Bishop"'"because it"'"may jump over"'"the crowd.":v:"With little"'"material left"'"on the board,"'"two Bishops"'"may be worth"'"more than two"'"Knights.":z:l'"It is most"'"unlikely that"'"unsupported"'"Knights wi["'"checkmate a"'"lone King.":v:"A pawn near"'"promotion is"'"worth more"'"than a minor"'"piece - even"'"a Rook!":z:z$="J@It may be":y:l:l:w:z$="L@QUEENED!":e:o:o:v J"A pawn with a"'"clear run to"'"the 8th rank"'"is ca[ed a":٧:z$="G@passed pawn.":y:l;e,y+;" ";t-l,y+;" ";l;t,y+;"":n=w+lt-w:g;n,y+l;"":n:'"These are"'"valuable."'g;l'c$'"No opposing"'"pawns here."'c$:z:,o;"Linked passed "'"pawns are "'"worth their "'"weight in "'"gold. "'s$''s$'s$ l;e,f+t;o$;t+l,f+t;o$;l;t+w,f+t;"":n=w+lt:g;n,f+t;"":n:z:u:z-c:r:"When you take"'"an opposing"'"chessman at"'"the cost of"'"losing one of"'"your own,you"'"have made an":l:z$="J@exchange.":y:v:z$="the "+z$(v+l):"If the value"'"of your lost"'"piece is less"'"than your"'"opponent],"'"you have WON"'z$;";":z:"if greater,"'"you have LOST"'z$;".":v ez$="@CPHASES":c-f:"Chess is a"'"wargame with"'"three phases"'"and three"'"dimensions.":c:'z$;":":٧:z$="K@1 THE OPENING":y:w:z$="M@2 MIDDLE GAME":y:l:z$="O@3 END GAME.":y:v:"Your main"'"concern in"'"THE OPENING"'"should be to"'"thrust your"'"men into"'"commanding"'"positions as"'"soon as you"'"can.This is":l:z$="M@development.":y:z r+r:u-t:z+z:n=v-wt+w:v-l;n,y-l;" ":n:v-l;v,y-l;" Try to ";v+l,y-l;" control";v+w,y-l;" this ";t,y-l;" area. ":z:z$="     ":n=t/wt-lg:l;n,y-l;z$;n+l,y-l;z$;n+w,y-l;z$(g+l);n+,y-l;z$(g+l):n:r+r+t:r "Many openings"'"and their"'"variations"'"are known by"'"name,e.g.":٧:z$="H@the Queen]":y:٧:z$="J@Gambit:":y:z:v:z$="MUKIU":i:f-w,o;"1. P-Q4,":w:z$="CUKGU":i:l;f-w,v;",P-Q4":w:v:z$="MSKIS":i:f-l,o;"2. P-QB4....":v "If Black"'"takes White]"'"offered pawn,"'"we have the";٧'"Queen]"'"Gambit"'"Accepted.":z:'"If not,we"'"have the";٧'"Queen]"'"Gambit"'"Declined.":w:z$="GUKIS":i:t/y,-y:x=t:r+t:t+l,o;"2.PxP":z:u:r/w:r "Offering a"'"chessman for"'"capture in";٧'"THE OPENING,":"in the hope"'"of a gain in"'"development,"'"is ca[ed a":l:z$="K@gambit.":y:z:"The chessman,"'"often a pawn,"'"can usua[y"'"be regained.":v:"The genuine":٧:z$="D@sacrifice -":y:"a deliberate"'"loss of piece"'"or pawn in"'"order to gain"'"a decisive"'"advantage -"'"usua[y takes"'"place in the":w:z$="N@middle game.":y:v *x"During the"'"MIDDLE GAME,"'"movement may"'"be restricted"'"by tight pawn"'"formations (a"'"CLOSED GAME)"'"or it may be"'"relatively"'"free (an OPEN"'"GAME).":v:"Your task in"'"this phase is"'"to find the"'"weakest point"'"of your"'"opponent]"'"defence and"'"to breach it.":z:w:l:v-l:b=z$="AO Ranks 7 and 8 ":y:w:v-l:z$="COare the targets.":y:o:z:u 4w:v-l:l:z$="M@Beware of the ":y:w:v-l:z$="O@back-row mate!":y:o:x=y+:e*t:x=y+v:u*g-t:l;l;e,t+f;" ";f-w,t+f;" ";f-l,t+f;"":v-l;l;f,y+l;"";f+l,y+l;"":t/y,-y:z:u:f*t:r >q"As both sides"'"have depleted"'"forces by the"'"time the last"'"phase of play"'"is reached,"'"the END GAME"'"is usua[y"'"characterized"'"by the race"'"to promote a"'"pawn.":v:"The King,"'"passive in"'"the earlier"'"stages of"'"play,becomes"'"an aggressive"'"piece in the"'"end game.Its"'"positioning"'"is vital.":z:'"Endgame play"'"is an art in"'"itself.":v Hz$="@ADIMENSIONS":c-t:"1 FORCE: the"'" armies."''"2 SPACE: the"'" positions"'" held by the"'" armies."''"3 TIME: the"'" speed with"'" which you"'" gain & hold"'" strategic"'" positions.":v R"FORCE":'"If you gain"'"an opposing"'"chessman or"'"Queen a pawn"'"in the end"'"game,you"'"have a":٧:z$="L@material":y:"ADVANTAGE.":v:w;"SPACE":'"If you gain"'"control of"'"key areas,you"'"have a":٧:z$="I@positional":y:"ADVANTAGE.":v z5"TIME":'"This has two"'"distinct"'"elements:":٧:z$="I@1 tempo":y:t,v+l;"and":l:z$="L@2 clock time.":y:v:z$="@DTEMPO":c-f:"The speed of"'"development"'"and of attack"'"we ca[ ";٧;z$:"(Italian for)"'"time).":z:l'z$;" refers"'"to economy of"'"moves,rather"'"than to speed"'"of movement.":v "If,by one"'"move,you"'"achieve more"'"than one"'"objective,you":٧:z$="H@gain tempo.":y:Z:'"If you are"'"forced to"'"retreat,you":w:z$="N@lose tempo.":y:v:"The maxim"'"#Never move"'"the same"'"piece twice"'"during the"'"opening$"'"advises us to"'"avoid losing"'"tempo.":v z$="@BTHE CLOCK":c-t:"898":,y;l;"__";g,t;"__";g,y+l;"":y*g+q,"144":-v-l,o:o,-v-l:c+,"136":-v,o:f-t;v-w;v;l;"";o;h$+"";l;u$:n=ov+l:f-t;v-w;l;v;"";o;s$;" ";l;u$:n:f-t;v;v-w;l;"";o;l$+"";l;u$;"" e,o;"A[ serious games of chess are played using a chess clock -"'"actua[y two clocks in one case.":o:v:l:h=l:a=c-t:r+u-y:h=o:a="":r+u-y:n=vt:n,t+l;"":n:t,v+l;"";t,e;"":x="":n="W"c-t-l.25~:x,n:y+w,y+w:x=x-.25~:n t+w,t+l;"";l;t+w,y+l;"":g;v,t-l;"";v,y-l;"";v+l,y-l;"":v:o:o:z:r*w:e,o;"As the first clock is switched off,the second automatica[y"'"switches on.":z c:n=o̧::n,y;w;l;u$;o;" ":n:l;g,y;"__":g,t;"  ";l;,t;"__":y*g+q,"":-v,o:c+,"":-v-l,o:o,-v-l:l;t+w,y+l;"";l;t+w,t+l;"":65320(:y:n=o-l:n,y;o$:n z:r+r:w:z$="RINote the FLAGS.":y:v+w,t-l;r$;v+w,y-w;r$:z:o;v+w,t-l;o$;v+w,y-w;o$:e,o;"As the minute hand approaches the hour,its FLAG slowly rises. The flag fa[s on the hour.":r:o;g;l;v,t-l;" ";v+l,t-l;"":z:r+r re,o;"Before play begins,a TIME"'"CONTROL is agreed.This sets the rate of moves for the game.":z:r+r:e,o;"E.g.36 moves in 1 hour 30 mins for each player (total match"'"time not less than 3 hours).":z:r+r:e-l,o;"If a player fails to make the required number of moves before reaching the time control,he"'"loses by TIME DEFAULT.":z:"898":u:u+y:r/w Oz$="@ARESIGNATION":c-f:"Significant"'"material and"'"positional"'"advantages"'"should force"'"the opponent]"'"resignation"'"before the"'"game reaches"'"checkmate,"'"unless you"'"are in";w;1'"time trouble!":v:"A player"'"signifies his"'"resignation"'"by laying his"'"King on the"'"board.":z:'"You then"'"shake hands.":v z$="@DDRAWS":c-t:"When neither"'"side has won,"'"a DRAW may be"'"claimed.":z:'"Five ways of"'"finding draws"'"are possible:"'٧'"1 AGREED";l'"2 STALEMATE";٧'"3 REPETITION";l'"4 FIFTY MOVES";٧'"5 ADJUDICATED":v:"During play,"'"you may offer"'"your opponent"'"a draw.He or"'"she may AGREE"'"or say #No$.":z:w'"When playing"'"team chess,"'"ask your"'"match captain"'"before you"'"agree a draw.":v '"If a player"'"cannot make a"'"legal move"'"and is not in"'"check,the"'"game ends in":l:z$="I@Stalemate.":y:z:'"E.g. White"'"cannot move."'"The game is"'"drawn.":x=y+:e*t:l;l;f,y+t-l;"";e-w,y+t-l;"";o;v-l;t+l,y+t-l;"";t+w,y+t-l;"";l,y+v;"";w,y+v;"":z:u:r/w:r -"If a position"'"occurs three"'"times,either"'"player may"'"claim a draw"'"by";٧;" REPETITION"'"OF MOVES.":z:'"Repetition"'"need not be"'"sequential."'"Other moves"'"may be made"'"in between.":v:"One way of"'"forcing a"'"repetition of"'"moves is by":w:z$="G@perpetual":y:z$="I@check.":w:y tc:x=y+:e*t:x=f:e*t:x="29":e*t:x=y+v:z*:l;l;,f;"";g,f;"":l;v-l;l,y+;"";w,y+;"" l;e,y+v;o$;l;f-w,y+v;o$;f-l,y+v;"":n=lw:c*v-t:w:v-l;f,y+v;u$;f+l,y+v;u$:l;l;f-w,y+t-l;"";f-l,y+t-l;"":w:v-l;f,y+;u$;f+l,y+;u$;t-l,y+t-l;"";t,y+t-l;"":w:v-l;f-w,y+t-l;u$;f-l,y+t-l;u$:z*:w:n c*v-t:t+w,o;"The same"'"position has"'"now occurred"'"three times."'"Result: draw.":v:"Forcing a"'"draw a[ows"'"us to salvage"'"an otherwise"'"lost game."''"NB R-R8 mate!":z:'"Repetition is"'"sometimes the"'"only way to"'"avoid making"'"a losing"'"move." z:u:z-c:r:"A player may"'"claim a draw"'"if he can"'"prove that 50"'"moves have"'"been made"'"without the"'"capture of a"'"chessman or"'"the moving of"'"a pawn.":z:l;"This is the"'"FIFTY-MOVE"'"RULE.":v:"If the first"'"four ways of"'"obtaining a"'"draw are not"'"available,a"'"position may"'"be submitted"'"to anonymous"'"players for";٧'"ADJUDICATION.":r:'"Win,loss or"'"draw,they"'"decide.":v gz$="@CPLAY ON":c-f:"If a player"'"does not wish"'"to submit the"'"position to"'"adjudication"'"and a draw"'"cannot be"'"agreed,play"'"is ADJOURNED.":v:"The player"'"who is due to"'"move makes a":٧:z$="F@sealed move.":y:c:'"This move is"'"written down"'"and sealed in"'"an envelope,"'"which is then"'"held by the"'"opponent ti["'"play resumes.":v 8Y"Whether a"'"game is to be"'"adjudicated"'"or played on,"'"both players"'"must record"'"the position"'"the game has"'"reached.":r:'"Score sheets"'"have diagrams"'"for this....":c:64402:v:"Here is a"'"typical end-"'"game position"'"recorded at"'"ca[ of time."''"Chessmen are"'"represented"'"by initials."'"Black] men"'"are ringed." Bz$="CTP":e:z$="ERP":e:z$="GPP":e:z$="IPP":l:e:o:z$="IRB":e:o:z$="IVP":e:z$="KRN":l:e:z$="KZK":e:z$="M\R":e:z$="O^K":e:z$="OTR":o:e V7r/w+t,"",t:د"","",t:د"",c+f-w,t:د"",c-,t:u+t-l,c-y,t:u+y+g,"@",t:l;l;f+l,o;" Black] move.":y-l,l;r$;l;" White ";r$:v:"This position"'"was sent for"'"adjudication."'"White claimed"'"a draw,Black"'"a win.":u:'"RESULT:"'l'"Scott v Cox"''" 0 1"'o'"(Black wins).":z:y-l,o;s$:r j"If you don't"'"have a score"'"sheet,your"'"position may"'"be recorded"'"by means of":l:z$="I@Forsyth":y:l;"notation.":v:"In ";z$'"notation,"'"numbers refer"'"to vacant"'"squares,lower"'"case letters"'"to Black] men"'"and capitals"'"to White].":v t"Starting at"'"the top left"'"corner,this"'"position is"'"recorded so:"''"10p6p6p7Pb1P"'"5N3k8r3R4K"''"(10 squares,"'"Black pawn,"'"etc).":n=lv+l:v+l;l,f-w+n*w;n:n:v+l;,f;"9 10":z:u:r:x=:z+r:r:okr*t i=u*w+t:ca=o:,o;"If everything"'"sti[ seems a"'"little fuzzy,"'"hopefu[y it"'"wi[ become"'"clear as we"'"play a game.":z:'"Hans Kmoch"'"ca[ed the"'"fo[owing"'"exemplar of"'"play,":z:l:g:e,o,:v-l:z$="SC#the Game of the Century!$":y:o:v "Donald Byrne"'"(White) v"'"Bobby Fischer"'"in the 1956"'"Rosenwald"'"Tournament.":r:'"Fischer was"'"only 13 years"'"old when he"'"won this game"'"against the"'"International"'"Master!":v:j=l:k=o:o,o;"NoWHITEBLACK"'s$;" ":u-t:r+r+t u*g-y:"770":y:v:z$="O[GKY":i:l;v,o;"Reti Opening.":t+w,c+y-l:w,o:w:z$="A[GEY":i:w:v:z$="MSKIS":i:w:z$="C[KE[":i:w v:z$="OQGKS":i:w:z$="AYEC[":i:l;o;v-l;v,o;s$'" FIANCHETTO: "'" to develop "'" a Bishop to "'" N2 (Indian "'" Defence). "'s$:w:x=v:r+t Ȇv:z$="MUKIU":i:w:ca=l:z$="AWAA[":i:ca=o:y:z$="A]IAY":i:l;o;v-l;v,o;s$'" Castles "'" King side. "'s$:w:x=v:r+t Ҝv:z$="OSEIY":i:w:z$="CUKGU":i:w:v:z$="OUCKQ":i:w:z$="GUKIS":i:w:v:z$="KQCIS":i:w:z$="CSKES":i:w:v:z$="MWKIW":i:w:z$="AQGCU":i:w ܠv:z$="OOIOU":i:w:z$="CUGEQ":"840":v:z$="ISCGS":i:w:z$="ASEI[":i:w:v:z$="IYEG[":i:w:z$="EQGIO":"840":v:z$="GSCKO":i:w:z$="IOGKS":i:w v:z$="MQKKS":i:w:z$="EYGIW":i:w:v:z$="G[ECW":v*c+y:z$="AUCEQ":i:w:v:z$="OYEIS":i:w:z$="IWGKS":i:w:v:z$="CWEGS":v*c+y:z$="AYIAW":v*c+t v:z$="OWAOY":i:w:z$="I[EEW":i:l;v-l;l;e,o;" Queen "'" sacrifice "'" offered! ":w:g:v:z$="GSEEQ":i:w:z$="EWEIS":v*c+t:v:z$="OYAO[":i:w:z$="KSGMW":c*v+t:v:z$="O[AOY":i:w:z$="MWGIU":i:v-l;l;l;y,o;"Discovered check":w:g v:z$="OYAO[":i:w:z$="IUGMW":v*c+t:v:z$="O[AOY":i:w:z$="MWGK[":i:v-l;l;l;e+l,o;"Double check!":w:g:v:z$="OYAO[":i:w:z$="COKEQ":i:o;v-l;l;e,o;" Discovered "'" attack on "'" the Queen! ":w:g:v:z$="KOCIQ":i:w:z$="AOIIO":i:w Nv:z$="IQCEQ":i:w:z$="K[GO]":i:w:v:z$="M]KK]":i:w:z$="IOIMO":i:w v:z$="O[AM]":i:w:z$="O]GMY":i:w:v:z$="OUIOW":i:w:z$="AWIOW":i:w:v:z$="EQCAU":i:l;l;e+l,o;"Check!":w:g:z$="C[EAY":i:w "v:z$="KYGOW":i:w:z$="ISEGU":i:w:v:z$="OWGKY":i:w:z$="MYGIW":i:w:v:z$="AUCAQ":i:w:z$="CQKGQ":i:w:v:z$="K]KI]":i:w:z$="C]KG]":i:w ,v:z$="KYGGW":i:w:z$="A[AC[":i:o;l;v-l;e,o;" Frees Bishop "'" from pin and "'" threatens to "'" fork at Q3! ":w:g:v:z$="M]AO[":i:w:z$="AYEGS":v*c+t 6v:z$="O[AOY":i:w:z$="IWGK[":v*c+t:v:z$="OYAOW":i:w:z$="GSEIQ":v*c+t:v:z$="OWAOU":i:w:z$="GUEKQ":v*c+t:v:z$="OUAOS":i:w:z$="K[GMW":v*c+t:v:z$="OSAOQ":i:w:z$="MWGKS":v*c+t:v:z$="OQAOS":i:w:z$="MOIMS":i Jz$="RBCHECKMATE!":l:v-l:l:e:o:o:z:u+y:r+r:w,o;s$;o,f-w;" ":r:z+c:"A sustained"'"attack on a"'"King,driving"'"it across the"'"board with a"'"series of"'"checks,is"'"known as a"'w;"KING-HUNT.":v T"When a series"'"of moves does"'"not a[ow any"'"alternative"'"reply,it"'"creates a"'w;"FORCED"'"SEQUENCE OF"'"MOVES.":v:"The finale of"'"the last game"'"demonstrates"'"a King-hunt"'"by Black and"'"a forced"'"sequence of"'"moves by"'"White." ^v:"Both players"'"made errors"'"during play.":u:'" Find them!":u:'"Analysis by"'"top players"'"can be many"'"moves deep.":z:u:z-c:r:x=g:z+r+t:r:oku*y Df*t:z$="@ACHESS CLUBS":c-t:"A good club"'"wi[ match you"'"against other"'"beginners ti["'"your play"'"improves; but"'"you must know"'"those basic"'"rules we have"'"covered in"'b$;".":v:"You can get"'"information"'"about local"'"chess clubs"'"from public"'"libraries.":z:'"Juniors are"'"welcomed by"'"most clubs.":v z$="@BSOFTWARE":c-f:"The fo[owing"'"programs wi["'"enable you to"'"practise your"'"game on the"'"48K Spectrum.":u:l:g:g:u+t:o:u*w-y:g:g,e+l;"CP Software":u*w-f:g:v+l,y+w;"Sinclair":u*w-t:g:t+l,y+w;"Sinclair ":u*w-v:g;f,y+v;"OCP":o t,o;"They have"'"been ranked"'"according to"'"strength of"'"play & speed,"'"best at the"'"top.":v:"They have two"'"faults in"'"common:":c:'"l. Confusing"'"non-Staunton"'"chess sets":c:'"2. Normal"'"time controls"'"cannot be"'"selected by"'"the user.":v l:v:u*w-y:v:o:,o;"Powerful play"'"& very fast."'"Recognizes &"'"names draws."'"Scores play."'l'l$;""'" Clock border "'" flickers - a "'" minor flaw, "'" but annoying."'" No menu on "'" main screen. "'l$;"":v:l:g:u*w-y v:u*w-f:o:,o;"Exce[ent"'"on-screen"'"menu. Strong."'"Knows draws."'"User-friendly.";l'l$;""'" Move-input by"'" cursor keys, "'" useless for "'" learning "'" notation and "'" hopeless on "'" Spectrum +. "'l$;"":v:l:g:u*w-f θv:u*w-t:o:,o;"Screen design"'"good. Cheap."'"Okay for the"'"beginner."'l'l$'" Slow. Menu "'" by initials."'" Few options."'" No problem- "'" solving. "'l$:v:l:g:u*w-t 9v:u*w-v:o:,o;"Blitz option"'"(five-minute"'"chess).";l'l$'" Very slow: "'" 6 hours per "'" move on its "'" top level! "'" Wa[y play "'" at speed. "'l$:v:l:g:u*w-v:o:,o;"The weakest"'"of these"'"programs wi["'"beat a novice"'"swiftly.":u:'"Best buy?":c:"The cheapest."'"Shop around.":z | u:r:z+c:"The main"'"source of"'"reference for"'b$'"was:"'l'" AN"'" ILLUSTRATED"'" DICTIONARY"'" OF CHESS"'" by"'"Edward Brace"'"(Hamlyn 1977).":v:"Now you have"'"gone through"'b$'"in sequence,I"'"sha[ disclose"'"a secret:":z:٧:z$="JBTHE MENU.":y:v p,"Keys 1 to 5"'"ca[ the main"'"sections of"'"the program"'"whenever R"'"is displayed.":r:'"To search a"'"section,turn"'"Sound off and"'"hold down the"'"ENTER key.":r:r+r:z$="S@I hope you enjoyed this program,":v-l:l:y:v:o:;:y+l,c/g;"Ian Cox":c "` ;:z+t:e^ '"V5 4/2/87" olsIwgvt feycdur,ziqgp7\O UR{}H L S C A M file.B LEARN CHESS  ) N-KB3 N-KB3 P-B4 P-KN3 N-B3 B-N2 P-Q4 O-O B-B4 P-Q4 Q-N3 PxP QxBP P-B3 P-K4 QN-Q2 R-Q1 N-N3 Q-B5 B-N5 B-KN5 N-R5 Q-R3 NxN PxN NxP BxP Q-N3 B-B4 NxQBP B-B5 KR-K1chK-B1 B-K3! BxQ BxBch K-N1 N-K7chK-B1 NxPch K-N1 N-K7chK-B1 N-B6chK-N1 PxB Q-N4 R-R5 QxP NxR P-KR3 RxP K-R2 NxP R-K1 RxR Q-Q8ch B-B1 NxR B-Q4 N-B3 N-K5 Q-N8 P-QN4 P-R4 P-R4 N-K5 K-N2 K-N1 B-B4chK-B1 N-N6chK-K1 B-N5chK-Q1 B-N6chK-B1 N-K7chK-N1 N-B6chK-B1 R-B7 $#"" M )3O`3O`J`F`MMMФ 3j26e3-bv>!9T]*\BR[=\"=\ + +< 82~ !2X!BX                   CCICC4>2==2CC> 22(C,C>>2>"2==2>:<2>(  , x 00ll$HllH$ll$H7e0h(0Jz000 $~$~`` @~ `` 0`@f<0000000 0~~   b```b>fbhxjbbhxh`>b`off<ff~ff<< ll8dhxlf```bbv~VVFdt\LD<f<ff|``||ff|lf>fp<f|<b<bb44bjj<4b4,Fb4<8pf@ ^#>$H 22x00~f~`|ffffff?ff>F<`|fff8< l8`lhxl8<|TTfffff>v``<`f4,ff<0`~L2~(>?<I ac300` ||??I? `a``|x1  a`9`30``x?0&b1c30`?C y<???C~  ~< f? 0`0?|| |~~ f 0`0????~`` f c #03?????>>`  f c c03???|?|???|s ~???~??~s? ?~?x?|>>f33 0p3p?|?f3 0P<3?0?P? ~<<~ꪾ?UTfb` fff @pPpUKUU_f<><0b|  f ?U@U|vffvF|04, < xw @?~W``ff`>T4~00fTRH4``f>`fT0f `2`f?P?8ꪪ?8%\:s,o:s+l,o:23757\,"":p+w+z-u,w:c*t-c:   COXSOFT 1987  z+g .o;v;e-l,o;s$'s$+o$'s$+o$'s$+" "'s$+o$: $23675{\,c+y:23676|\,z-l: (23675{\,c-t-w:23676|\,z+g+l: z:r: v-l:v+w:e  f-t:v+w p,y* ve=z$(l)-"@":h=z$(w)-"@":z$=z$():n=ḻz$:65366V,z$(n):65280:ve,h;"";ve+l,h;"":h=h+l:s65320(  n:v:o:p,z+l:64161: 2r+y:٧:z$="L@Queen":y: Pr+y:l:z$="L@King":y: Uc/y;o,o;s$;l,o;s$:f:c Zv-l;o,o;s$;l,o;s$:t d(q,"":l;-q,o:o,-f:l;q,o:o,f:: nRp,"<":e,o;" THE PAWNS ";o;f-t;y-l,o;s$;y,o;s$:z$="SBTHE PIECES":f x>q,v+l:o,f:l;-q,o:o,-f:l;q,o:o,y+g:-q,o:o,-t:w,o: de,f;"";y-l,f;"";y,f;"";y+l,f;o;l$+"": n=e+ly:l;n,x;o$:n: 64353a: 64332L: 64374v: Gw:"p","":w;"",o:o;w;o,-"":w;-"",o:o;w;o,"":o: c <#o;o,o;" Press ENTER C for",,, V#l;l,o;" Sound is "+("on. "s)+("off."s);" R runs again.",  sv/c,t Qo:i$=:65320(:i$=y-v#o;l;o,o;c$+c$+"";l,o;c$+c$+"": 0i$="s"i$="S"s=o+(ls):p-y*w-v,r/t:t:z+t %i$="r"i$="R"63821M:"950" i$="c"i$="C" "ai$>"48"Ưi$<"54":63821M:u:u+y:z$="@BSECTION "+i$:c-f:c:i="405":x=i$:c*t*x 'z+y ,"x=:n=xf+l:l;n,o;c$;" ":n 6!n=xf+l:n,o;s$+" ":n:w,o: @f*t:x=t+w:r+t D-"NoWHITE BLACK":"<","":o,-y-y:c: ^%o,o;s$;l,o;s$:z$="@A"+b$:e:c: hz$="@BNOTATION":c-t: |z$="BPSuperchess":y: z$="FPCyrus Is Chess":y: z$="JPChess":y: z$="MPChess The Turk":y:  ,o;"ABBREVIATIONS"'"FOR ";: l:v+l:d=z$-"@":m=z$(w)-"@":x=z$()-"@":ve=z$(g)-"@":h=z$(g+l)-"@":l;d,m;x$(x);d+l,m;x$(x+l):z-u:d,m;o$;d+l,m;o$;l;ve,h;x$(x);ve+l,h;x$(x+l):z-u:ve,h;x$(x);ve+l,h;x$(x+l):v:o:o:  u*w+g:ca k=k+t/y:kfj=j+t/y l,o:n=j̺k:g;n;("."nGt+w,o;"The Rook is"'"placed on the"'"other side of"'"the King.":z: Hdi:f-w,o;l$'" Knight "'" attacks "'" Queen. ":h$:w:x=f-w:r+t:e-l,o;s$: R-"as far as"'"space on the"'"board a[ows.": \)e,y+;" ";,+y;o$;g,+y;"": fz:v-l;,+y;u$;g,+y;u$: pKw;l;y-w,o;h$+""'x;" Think before "'" you touch. "'o;o;L$+"": z@l;v-l;w;t+,y+;o$;v+v,y+;"e2";t-l,y+;o$;t,y+;"e4": 6l;w;v-l;f,f;o$;f+l,f;"a1";v,f;o$;v+l,f;"a5": Oo,f-l;s$+" ";l,f-l;s$+" "(,: ln=23613=\+256*23614>\:n,ç:n+l,ç:n=ly+f:v-l:65320(:w:65320(:n:l,y+y s=l:i="405":o:v:o:v::u:u+y:z+c:,o;"This program"'"wi[ not make"'"you into a"'"Grandmaster,"'"but it wi["'"teach you a["'"you need to"'"know to begin"'"playing the"'"ancient game"'"of chess.":z ʋg+w;l,f;s$+" ";w,f;" The rules of ";,f;" chess are hard ";g,f;" for the novice ";+w,f;" to understand. ";+,f;" Don't let this ";v,f;" deter you. Run ";v+l,f;" #";z$;"$ ";v+w,f;" until you know ";t,f;" it completely, ";t+l,f;" then join your ";t+w,f;" nearest chess ";t+,f;" club. You will ";f-l,f;" discover more ";f,f;" by playing.... ";f+l,f;s$+" ":r:z:u:r ޾b$'"includes an"'"audio prompt.":u:v/c,t:l'"If you find"'"this sound"'"irritating,"'"press S to"'"turn it off.":z:'"The ticker-"'"tape sound"'"wi[ also be"'"switched off.":v z$="@BTHE BOARD":c-t:"When buying a"'"chess board,"'"choose one"'"coloured like"'"this.":v:"Avoid boards"'"with harsh"'"contrast.":u+t:c:v,o;"They are"'"unpleasant"'"to use.":z:u:r:"If the board"'"is positioned"'"correctly,a"'"light square"'"wi[ be in the"'"corner to"'"your right.":e,r/t-l;r$:z:w;t+l,o;"If not,some"'"pieces wi["'"occupy wrong"'"squares at"'"start of play.":z:r+r:r pz$="@BCHESSMEN":c-f:f*t:c+t:z$=" Staunton":"The chessmen"'"designed for"'b$'"are based on"'"the";z$'"chessmen,"'"designed by"'"Cook in 1835"'"and endorsed"'"by";z$'"in 1852.":v:"Chessmen of"'"the";z$'"type are used"'"in a[ events"'"organised by"'"F.I.D.E.,the"'"official body"'"governing"'"international"'"competition.":z:'w;"No other type"'"is a[owed.":v "Don't waste"'"your money on"'"fancy chess"'"sets.":c:٧:z$="H@Buy"+z$+".":y:c:'"A King should"'"measure 9.5"'"centimetres":z$="N@(3":y:f-l,w;"3";f,;"4":64161+(1159s):y,c/w+l:v,v:z$="NEinches).":y: v ."Both players"'"begin with"'"8 pawns ()"'"and 8 pieces.":z:'"The pieces"'"are divided"'"into two"'"groups:":z$="L@major & minor.":y:v:"MAJOR PIECES"'""'" King"'""'" Queen"'""'" Rooks (2)":z:l;'"MINOR PIECES"'""'" Bishops(2)"'""'" Knights(2)":v:z$="@BTHE GAME":c-t:"The object of"'"the game is"'"to trap your"'"opponent]"'"King.This is"'"ca[ed":w:z$="I@checkmate.":y:u:'"The King is"'"never taken.":v Bd"If a King is"'"under attack"'"without being"'"trapped,it is":w:z$="G@in check.":y:z:w'"You must get"'"out of check"'"immediately.":v:"Three ways of"'"getting out"'"of check are"'"possible:":u:'"1. Move the"'" King":c:l;"2. Take the"'" attacking"'" chessman":c:"3. Interpose"'" a chessman"'"between King"'"and attacker.":v Lz$="@ARANK & FILE":c-f:"The columns"'"of squares"'"are ca[ed"'"FILES.":y:n=lfg:w;l;n,y+l;u$;n+l,y+l;u$;l;n+w,y+l;u$;n+,y+l;u$:n:z:u:v+l,o;"The rows are"'"ca[ed RANKS.":u:'"The flashing"'"squares show"'"White] BACK"'"RANK.":l;w;f,f;a$;f+l,f;a$:z:u:r ~"Files take"'"the names of"'"those pieces"'"which occupy"'"them at start"'"of play. ":z:'"The arrow"'"points to the":٧:z$="L@Queen file,":y:"White playing"'"up the board.";e,y+l;r$:z /r-z:٧:z$="N@Bishop"+m$:y:e,y-l;r$:w:r-z:٧:z$="N@Knight"+m$:y:e,e-l;r$:w:r-z:٧:z$="N@Rook"+m$:y:e,f;r$:w:r+y:l:z$="L@King"+m$:y:e,y+;r$:w:c-y:l:z$="N@Bishop"+m$:y:e,z/t;r$:w:c-y:l:z$="N@Knight"+m$:y:e,y+v;r$:w:c-y:l:z$="N@Rook"+m$:y:e,"29";r$:w:r+y:r x "The ranks are"'"numbered as"'"follows.":u:f,o;" White ":c:u*g-y:c:v,v-l;" Black ":c:"770":v:"By combining"'"file names"'"with rank"'"numbers,we"'"can locate"'"any square on"'"the board.":z:'"E.g. K4"''"King file,"'"rank No 4.":c Ag+l:l:l:w;t-l,f-l;"";t,f-l;"";e,y+;r$:g+w:z$="IWK4":e:o:o:c:z:u*g-y:z+u:f*t:r:"If Black,"'"playing down"'"the board,"'"had occupied"'"this square,"'"we would have"'"numbered it"'"using Black]"'"rank numbers.":l:l:g+l:t-l,"31";"";t,"31";"":g+w:z$="IWK5":e: