ZXTape! 0Created with Ramsoft MakeTZXTESTER f c"h T:7::1:"Physics Tester":0:2,0;" Collins 1985" X2:10 ,0;"Press ";:"STOP";:" on your tape recorder":0  3750  9000(#  9800H& ( 3750 2 3000 < 9500% > 3750 A e=1c F 1000 P 3600 Z 3700t _ 3750 d ne x 1300 3750 502 ꏟ Start of routines  f$=w$(e) b=f$ $f$(b)" "f$=f$(b):1050  b=b-1  1020 511 ,0;" " 11 ,8;" "; ! 1 $x=1̱f$ .""; 8x = 0 B3,0;c$(e) G 0,0;"Question ";e L 618,0;" " 619,0;" "   )score=((correct/c)*100d+.5) (0,0;1;z$ 2f2,0;"In this test you got ";2;score;"% ";0;"of":"the questions correct." < F 1400x P U Z2:m$:0 d xscore90 Z"This is excellent! If you want to study this topic further and revise other aspectsof it you will find these programs helpful:":1490 sscore75K"This is a good score! Looking at these programs will help your revision-":1490 score502"You need to do a bit more revision!Try working through thefollowing programs and then testyourself again:":1490 score25"You need to revise this topic more thoroughly! Use the following programs to help you revise the topic again:":1490 m"You do not fully understand this topic. The following programs will help you to learn about it:"  < 1 A11 ,9 ;f$(1) Z i"PHYSICS TESTER","Force, Pressure & Movement","Radioactivity & the nucleus","Molecular movement","Heat" "Static & conducting charges","Energy & machines","Electromagnetic spectrum","Waves & sound","Electricity & electronics","Light","Magnetism","Quantities and units","Finish using the program","*" 7:0  7 3000 n=0 z$ z$="*"3100 n=n+1  3075  n=n-1 !#n>9 sp=1:3110& " sp=0 & 3000 + 1 .z$ 01,3;z$ 6 n=1 7 m=1 8z$ :z$="*"3200 D 4 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X 0 b(3+n),4;z$ l%sp=1n=n+1:3190v q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 2 &21,2;"Press a letter "; l$="":l$= 0 v=(l$) $v=77Mv=109m9700% v=42*9700% )v>64@v<(64@+m)3300 : *v>96`v<(96`+m)3300 : 3210 q=0  r=(*8) v=65Av=97ad=0:z$="Force, pressure & movement":m$="Diagram1 : The centre of mass The 4 stroke engine Diagram2 : Hydraulics Questions1: Graphs Questions2: Coosing instruments Questions3: Mechanics Game1" v=66Bv=98bd=20:z$="Radioactivity & the nucleus":m$="Diagram2 : Nuclear power Diagram3 : Detecting radiation Questions2: Radioactivity Game2" v=67Cv=99cd=40(:z$="Molecular movement":m$="Diagram1 : Estimating size Questions1: A variety Questions2: Radioactivity Game1" v=68Dv=100dd=60<:z$="Heat":m$="Diagram1 : 4 stroke engine Diagram3 : Heat & temperature Questions1: Graphs - heat Questions2: Reading scales Game2" v=69Ev=101ed=100d:z$="Static & conducting charges":m$="Diagram3 : Millikans experimentQuestions1: Graphs - electricityQuestions2: Choosing instrumentsQuestions3: Electricity Game2" v=70Fv=102 fd=120x:z$="Energy & Machines":m$="Diagram1 : 4 stroke engine Diagram2 : Energy conversions : Nuclear power Game1" v=71Gv=103gd=140:z$="Electromagnetic spectrum":m$="Diagram3 : Detecting radiation Questions1: Graphs - a variety Questions3: Waves & light" ev=72Hv=104hd=160:z$="Waves & sound":m$="Questions3: Waves & light Game2" 3v=73Iv=105id=180:z$="Electricity & electronics":m$="Diagram1 : Making electricity Diagram2 : Household electrics Diagram3 : AC in circuits Questions1: Graphs - ElectricityQuestions2: Electric instruments : Optical images Questions3: Electricity Game1" v=74Jv=106jd=200:z$="Light":m$="Questions2: Electric instruments : Optical Images Questions3: Waves & light Game2" v=75Kv=107kd=220:z$="Magnetism":m$="Diagram3 : Using electromagnetsQuestions3: Magnetism & electromagnetism" v=76Lv=108ld=80P:z$="Quantities & units":m$="Diagram1 : Units & quantities : Equations Questions2: Reading scales" d=4000+d $ t=13  7 o0:14,5;"Type in the answer and":15,10 ;"press ENTER":.03{u\,45- J21,0;" ":21,0; A$  'a$="".03{u\,45-:3615 !a$(1)="*"9700% "b=a$ #+b=0.03{u\,45-:3615 $"a$(b)" "a$=a$(b):3623' % b=b-1 & 3619# 'N14,5;" ":15,10 ;" " )A$=f$4:18,0;" Well done ":3900<:3960x:t=3:0 *a$f$3950n -t=12:18,2;"No, that's not right.Try again The first letter is ";:0:f$(1):40(:2620< .Zt=21200:18,2;"Look up this GEM reference for help : ";R$(e) 8 502 =t B t 1 ~11 ,9 ;f$  1200 X14,0;" ":15,10 ;" "  N0:.03{u\,40(:20,6;"Press SPACE to carry on" l$= (l$)=42*9700% (l$)32 3755 -20,6;" "  <'w=125:0.03{u\,w:w: n1w=1-25-1:0.03{u\,w:w: x$t=1correct=correct+1  Q"centripetal","This force makes an object move in a circle (11)","Acceleration" 9 "retardation","To reduce velocity (11)","Acceleration" Y"acceleration","A non zero resultant force causes this (12)","Equations of motion" O"resultant","Two or more forces on an object produce a ... (9)","Equilibrium" G"hydraulics","Using liquid pressure to make a force (10)","Machine" M"temperature","Changing this can cause a changeof pressure (11)","Gas Laws" Y"momentum","Pressure is caused when the gas particles change their ... (11)","Page 132" K"electrical","The force produced by static charge (10)","Electroscope" D"adhesion","This causes the meniscus on a liquid (8)","Meniscus" K"barometer","This is used to measure air pressure (9)","Air pressure" "equally","A fluid transmits pressure ... to all parts (7)","hydraulic machines","sound","This vibration moves by a change in pressure (5)","Page 188" y"scalar","This has size only (6)","Vector","aneroid","A type of barometer which does not use a liquid (7)","Barometer" "moving","The pressure in a ... fluid becomes less as the speed rises","Bernoulli principle","mercury","This is the liquid used in a fortin barometer (7)","Barometer" s"vector","This has magnitude and direction(6)","Parallelogram rule","vacuum","No air pressure at all (6)","valve" "density","Decreasing this makes the pressure in a liquid smaller (7)","Pressure","depth","Increasing this makes the pressure in a liquid larger (5)","Pressure" "moment","The turning effect of a force (6)","Torque","weight","An object has this because of the force of gravity (6)","Free fall" "magnetic","The force produced by an electrical current (8)","inertia","How hard it is to make a body change direction or speed (7)","Page 104" "couple","Two equal parallel forces which turn an object (6)","Moment","friction","The force between two surfaces (7)","Page 88" K"area","Changing this alters the force produced by a gas (4)","Pressure"  "*","*","*" ?"background","Natural radio-activity (10)","Cosmic radiation" X"aluminium","This material will stop alpha & most beta but not gamma (9)","beta decay" N"synchrotron","A machine for accelerating particles (11)","Accelerator" a "magnetic","This field will deflect alpha & beta but not gamma radiation (8)","alpha-particle" D"negative","The sign of the charge on a BETAparticle (8)","Charge" ]"moderator","This is used to slow neutrons sothat they can be captured (9)","Nuclear power" J"positive","The sign of the charge on an ALPHA particle (8)","Charge" J"fission","When a nucleus splits, releasingits energy (7)","Atom Bomb" Z"isotope","The same number of protons but adifferent number of neutrons (7)","Deuterium" <"ionize","To add or remove an electron (6)","Electrolysis" x"fusion","When nuclei join, releasing energy (6)","Atom bomb","nucleus","The central part of an atom (7)","Proton" x"neutron","This particle has no charge (7)","Nucleus","proton","This is a charged particle in the nucleus","Nucleus" "chain","Uranium splitting and emitting neutrons can cause this reaction","Fission","mica","This is used to make the window of a Geiger-Muller tube (4)","Geiger-Muller tube" "cosmic","These 'rays' come from space (6)","Background radiation","decay","The emission of alpha, beta or gamma radiation","Radio-activity" ª"cloud","A chamber used to see the tracksof particles (5)","Radiation detector","ions","These are produced when alpha particles are absorbed (4)","Geiger-Muller tube" ã"alpha","This particle contains four nucleons (5)","Radio-activity","beta","This particle is emitted when a neutron changes to a proton (4)","Radio-activity" "gamma","This ray is emitted when a nucleon changes energy state (5)","Radio-activity","lead","One of the best absorbers of radiation (4)","Gamma radiation","air","This material will stop alpha but not beta or gamma radiation","Alpha particle" Ŧ"air","This material will stop alpha but not beta or gamma radiation","Alpha particle","one","In beta-decay the atomic number changes by ... (3)","Radio-activity" ƞ"two","In alpha-decay the atomic numberdecreases by ... (3)","Radio-activity","four","In alpha decay the mass number decreases by ... (4)","radio-activity"  "*","*","*" G"convection","The movement of air particles upwards (10)","Breezes" V"condensation","A gas turning back to a liquid on a cold surface","dew temperature" K"evaporation","A liquid turning to a gas at anytemperature (11)","Vapour" Z"temperature","This affects the speed of particles in a gas (11)","Kinetic Energy" A"freezing","A liquid turning into a solid (8)","State change" I"sublimation","A solid turning directly to a gas (11)","State change" Y"absolute","... zero is the temperature at which all movement stops (8)","temperature" 9"adhesion","A liquid gripping a surface (8)","Meniscus" _"diffusion","Particles jostling their way through different particles (9)","Kinetic model" Q"brownian","... motion is evidence for the kinetic theory (8)","Kinetic model" F"boiling","When bubbles of vapour form in the liquid (7)","boiling" A"crystal","A substance built up layer by layer (7)","Crystal" \"liquid","This state of matter has a fixedvolume but variable shape (6)","State of matter" ]"random","A word that describes the movement of particles in a gas","Brownian motion" 7"solid","The most rigid state of matter (5)","State" \"melting","When some bonds between molecules in a solid are broken","State change" ؅"fusion","A liquid turning to a solid (6)","State change","vapour","Particles escape from a liquid to form this (6)","Evaporation" Q"cooker","A pressure ... can be used to raise the boiling point (6)","Vapour" ڃ"ice","This substance will melt if the pressure on it rises (3)","Regelation","gas","The least dense state of matter (3)","State"  "*","*","*" `"thermostat","A device for keeping the temperature 'constant' (10)","Bi-metallic strip" ]"expansion","This occurs when a metal bar increases in temperature (9)","Bi-metal strip" B"insulation","A word for reducing heat flow (10)","Conduction" <"centigrade","Another word for Celsius (10)","Temperature" P"thermionic","... emission releases electrons when a wire is hot (10)","valve" V"conduction","The passage of energy from one particle to another in a solid","Heat" )"convection","Hot air rising","Breezes" 7"radiation","Energy transfer by waves(9)","Infra-red" "combustion","A gas burning with oxygen to produce heat energy","engines","black","The best colour for emitting infra-red","radiation" P"specific","... heat capacity is the energy to change 1Kg by 1'C (8)","Energy" V"celsius","There are 100 equal divisions onthis temperature scale (7)","Temperature" M"kelvin","The unit on the absolute scale of temperature (6)","Temperature" h"joule","The unit of energy (5)","Work","latent","The energy involved in a change of state","Page 112" "faster","When a gas heats up the particles move ... (6)","Kinetic energy","lagging","Put round cold water pipes to reduce heat loss (7)","insulation" X"cavity","Used in the construction of a house to reduce convection (6)","Insulation" E"white","The best colour for staying coolin summer (5)","Radiation" R"plasma","A very very hot gas in which theatoms have lost electrons (6)","State" O"air","If this is trapped it makes a very good innsulator (3)","Insulation" V"water","A liquid with a very large specific heat capacity (5)","Specific Heat"  "*","*","*" 5"capacitance","Its unit is the FARAD (1)","Table 2" 5"inductance","Its unit is the HENRY (10)","Table 2" 3"frequency","Its unit is the HERTZ (9)","Table 2" 3"resistance","Its unit is the OHM (10)","Table 2" 0"voltage","Its unit is the VOLT (7)","Table 2" 2"current","Its unit is the AMPERE (7)","Table 2" ."coulomb","The unit of charge (7)","Table 2" ."ampere","The unit of current (6)","Table 2" -"kilogram","The unit of mass (8)","Table 2" ,"metre","The unit of length (5)","Table 2" V"second","The unit of time (6)","Table 2","newton","The unit of force (6)","Table 2" _"power","Its unit is the WATT (5)","Table 2","charge","Its unit is the coulomb (6)","Table 2" _"force","Its unit is the NEWTON (5)","Table 2","length","Its unit is the metre (6)","Table 2" `"energy","Its unit is the JOULE (6)","Table 2","mass","Its unit is the kilogram (4)","Table 2" e"volt","The unit of potential difference(4)","Table 2","ohm","The unit of resistance (3)","Table 2" `"farad","The unit of capacitance (5)","Table 2","henry","The unit of inductance (5)","Table 2" U"joule","The unit of energy (5)","Table 2","watt","The unit of power (4)","Table 2" I"kelvin","The unit of temperature on the absolute scale (6)","Table 2" /"hertz","The unit of frequency (5)","Table 2"  "*","*","*" = "capacitance","The ability to store charge (11)","Faraday" I "electroscope","An instrument used to detect charge (12)","Page 71" `"precipitator","Used to collect charged dust particles in a power station (12)","No entry " X"induction","Using a charged insulator to charge an insulated metal","electroscope"  Z"dielectric","This is used in a capacitor to increase the capacitance (10)","Capacitor"  D"electrolysis","A current passing through a liquid (12)","Ion"  H"alternating","A backwards and forwards flow of electrons (11)","AC"  P"conductor","Something through which charge can flow easily (9)","Conduction"  V"insulator","In this type of material all theelectrons are captive (9)","Conduction" Y"lightning","The discharge between a cloud and the Earth (9)","Charge distribution" Y "negative","The sign of the charge on rubbed polythene (8)","Static electricity" "positive","The sign of the charge on rubbed perspex (8)","Static electricity","friction","Static charge can be produced by ... (8)","Charge" "metal","This can only hold a charge if it is insulated from earth (5)","Page 123","discharge","When a gas suddenly conducts (8)","Lightning" "electron","The particle which enables a metal to conduct (8)","Conduction","current","The rate of flow of charge (7)","Charge" "charge","Positive and negative (6)","Static electricity","copper","A metal which is a good electrical conductor","Conduction" "direct","The electrons are always moving in the same direction (6)","DC","repel","Two like charges do this (5)","Electric field" "earth","Connected to this a conductor will lose its charge (5)","Page 59","attract","Two unlike charges do this (7)","Electric field" 6"ion","An atom with a net charge (3)","Electrolysis"  "*","*","*" :"hydraulics","The use of liquid pressure (10)","Machine" ["pneumatics","The use of air pressure to produce force & movement (10)","pneumatics" _"mechanical","This advantage links the size ofload & effort with movement (11)","Force ratio" L"thermocouple","This uses heat energy to producean EMF (12)","Thermometer" ?"generator","A rotating device which producesAC (9)","Dynamo" H"electrical","Energy contained in moving electrons (10)","Energy" C"potential","Energy stored in a wound up spring (9)","Energy" I"magnetic","Energy in the core of a transformer (8)","Page 211"  D"efficiency","A measure of how much energy is wasted (10)","Power" !7"thermal","Another word for heat energy (7)","Energy" "4"kinetic","Energy stored in movement (7)","Energy" #"radiation","Energy transfer by electromagnetic waves (9)","Electromagnetic wave","nuclear","When an atom splits we say that this energy is released (7)","Energy" ${"light","We need this form of energy to see by (5)","Electromagnetic wave","sound","A bell would produce this (5)","Ear" %q"photon","A quantized bundle of energy (6)","Quantum theory","power","The rate of use of energy (5)","Page 156" &x"work","This is done when energy is transfered","Energy","dynamo","A rotating device which producesDC (6)","motor" '"motor","A device to convert electrical energy to kinetic energy (5)","motor effect","chemical","Energy stored in a battery (8)","Cell" ("turbine","To convert the PE of steam to KE","Nuclear power","pulley","Used in a block and tackle (6)","Machine","gear","Used to alter the speed & torqueof rotating movement (4)","Page 93" )"lever","A simple machine which uses the principle of moments (5)","Machine","torque","Another word for moment (6)","Gear","pivot","The turning point of a lever (5)","Lever" *q"fulcrum","Another name for a pivot (7)","Lever","heat","Most waste energy ends up as this (4)","Efficiency" + "*","*","*" ,`"fluorescence","The absorption of one frequency and the emission of light (12)","Ultra violet" -N"refraction","To change direction as the speedchanges (10)","Speed of light" .S"absorption","When this happens EM radiation is converted to heat (10)","Filter" /X"reflection","In this, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection","Mirror" 0D"dispersion","The splitting up of light by a prism (10)","Colour" 1Y"diffraction","The bending of a wave round the edge of an opaque object (11)","Page 52" 2F"wavelength","The distance between one peak & the next (10)","Cycle" 3E"frequency","The number of oscillations in one second (9)","Wave" 4Z"microwave","The energy used to cook quickly (and for radar) (9)","Electromagnetic wave" 5"ultra violet","This radiation causes a sun tan (5,6)","Fluorescence","infra red","You feel this sitting in front of a fire (5,3)","Radiation" 6"x rays","These are absorbed by bones(1,4)","Electromagnetic waves","gamma","The highest frequency EM radiation (5)","Electromagnetic wave" 7"transverse","The type of propagation of ALL EM radiation(10)","Polarization","radio","The lowest frequency EM radiation (5)","Electromagnetic wave" 8"light","An illuminating energy (5)","Electromagnetic wave","filter","To only pass a certain band of frequencies (6)","Absorption" 9O"vacuum","All EM radiation travels at the same speed in a ... (6)","Page 218" :E"radar","Using radio waves to find a position (5)","Microwaves" ;X"speed","In a vacuum this is 300 000 000 metres per second for light (5)","Relativity" "green","This colour of light is producedby a TV set (5)","Colour","blue","One of the largest frequencies of light (4)","Colour" ? "*","*","*" @I"transverse","Polarization can identify this type of wave (10)","Wave" A_"resonance","One vibration making another object vibrate as well (10)","Natural frequency" BB"interference","Adding displacements together","Young's fringes" CQ"polarization","This makes a wave have a single plane of vibration (12)","Wave" DF"longitudinal","Sound is an example of this typeof wave (12)","Wave" EL"wavefront","This is drawn as a line on wave pattern diagrams (9)","Sound" FU"antinode","A place of maximum amplitude on a vibrating string (9)","Sound sources" GA"amplitude","From the centre to the peak of awave (9)","Page 8" HN"pressure","Sound propagates by varying thisproperty of the air (8)","Sound" IW"loudness","This effect of a sound wave depends on the amplitude (8)","Intensity" JC"doppler","A shift of frequency due to speed (7)","Red shift" K"sonometer","This apparatus is used to test vibrating strings (9)","Sound sources","phase","The relative positions of two waves (5)","Page 49 & 189" L"harmonic","A note which is an integer multiple of the fundamental (8)","Standing waves","pitch","Another word for the fundamentalfrequency (5)","Sound sources" M"overtone","A harmonic which is actually present in a sound (8)","Sound sources","liquid","Sonar uses sound passing througha ... (6)","Sonar" NP"solid","Sound travels fastest in this state of matter (5)","Speed of sound" ON"gas","Sound travels slowest in this state of matter (3)","Speed of sound" P."echo","The reflection of sound (4)","Sonar" QT"beats","Produced by two waves of similaramplitude & frequency (5)","Interference" R"node","On a vibrating string where there is no displacement (4)","Sound sources","energy","All waves transmit this by a vibration (5)","Radiation" S "*","*","*" TJ"transformer","This can change an alternating voltage (11)","Rectifier" UY"operational","This amplifier has a very high gain & will amplify DC (11)","Amplifier" VE"integrated","A large number of circuits on one chip (10)","chip" W<"milliampere","One thousandth of an ampere (12)","Table 2" Xd"oscilloscope","This instrument can display rapidly changing voltages (12)","Cathode ray tube" YY"thermistor","A device whose resistance falls as the temperature rises (10)","Page 205" Z_"transistor","A semiconductor in which the base current controls the flow","Semiconductor" [4"resistance","Every load has one (10)","Ohm's law" \O"battery","This converts chemical energy into electrical energy (7)","Cell" ]6"capacitor","This can store electrons (9)","Faraday" ^"ammeter","A device used to measure electric current (7)","Meter","voltmeter","An instrument used to measure potential difference","Electromotive force" _"series","The current is the same in all components connected like this","Parallel","diode","This only passes a current one way (5)","Rectifier" `"earth","The 'safety' connection (5)","Three pin plug","photocell","This generates an EMF from light energy (9)","ultra-violet" a"inductor","A coil of wire usually on a softiron core (8)","Page 104","fuse","This melts and breaks a circuit (4)","Three pin plug" b"resistor","This component is found in many electronic circuits (8)","Table 4","switch","This device controls conduction (6)","Table 4" c"lamp","This device converts electrical energy to light (4)","Table 4","voltage","The work done per coulomb (7)","Potential difference" ds"zener","This diode is used in stable power supplies (5)","Page 232","cathode","The -ve electrode (7)","Anode" e"anode","Electrons are attracted to this","Cathode","cell","This converts chemical energy into electrical energy (4)","Battery" fi"silicon","One semiconductor material (7)","Semiconductor","coulomb","The unit of charge (7)","Table 2" g "*","*","*" h;"imaginary","Another word for a virtual image(9)","Image" iX"telescope","An instrument to make things appear nearer (9)","Optical instruments" j`"microscope","An instrument to make small things appear larger(10)","Optical instruments" kW"penumbra","Where some part of the sun can still be seen in an eclipse (8)","Shadow" lK"inverted","The opposite way up to the object (8)","slide projector" m@"upright","The same way up as the object(7)","magnifying lens" n<"virtual","An image where the rays do not go (7)","Image" oJ"concave","A lens thicker at the edges thanat the centre (7)","Page 114" pG"magenta","Produced by mixing red & blue light (7)","Colour vision" q}"erect","Another word for upright (5)","magnifying lens","cyan","Produced by mixing green & blue light (4)","Colour vision" rs"yellow","Produced by mixing red & green light (6)","Colour vision","retina","The 'screen' of the eye (6)","Eye" s"long","A person with too thin an eye lens is ... sighted (4)","Vision defects","short","A person with too thick an eye lens is ... sighted (5)","Vision defects" t|"shadow","An area of no light (6)","Eclipses","eclipse","When the moon comes between the Earth and the Sun (7)","Penumbra" ui"mirage","'Water' seen by refraction (6)","Page 128","umbra","The dark area in an eclipse (5)","Shadow" v"laser","This produces a beam of single frequency light (5)","Holography","cornea","The first refracting surface of the eye","Eye" w"real","You can see this type of image on a screen (4)","Image","convex","A lens thicker in the middle than at the edges (6)","Page 114" x"lens","This will change the direction of rays by refraction (4)","Refraction","mirror","This will change the direction of rays by reflection (6)","Page 129" yw"object","Where rays come from (6)","Lens","image","Where rays come together and appear to come from (5)","Mirror" zM"prism","A triangular shaped block which can cause dispersion (5)","Colour" { "*","*","*" |H"commutator","Used on a coil to produce a DC output (10)","Generator" }]"transformer","This changes voltage but will only work continuously on AC(11)","Page 211" ~X"microphone","A device which changes sound into a varying current (10)","Telephone" Y "induction","A magnet making soft iron into atemporary magnet (9)","Magnetic material" :"armature","The rotating part of a motor (8)","armature" _"laminations","Thin sheets of soft iron used toreduce eddy current loss (11)","Eddy currents" K"brushes","Used to connect the circuit to arotating coil (7)","Generator" H"carbon","Brushes can be made from this toreduce wear (6)","Generator" M "speaker","A device which changes a varyingcurrent into sound","Telephone" >"fleming","Famous for both his hands! (7)","Right-hand rule" w"stator","The coil in an alternator (6)","stator","rotor","The moving magnet in an alternator (5)","armature" A"eddy","These currents waste energy as heat (4)","Transformer" W"current","Your second finger shows the direction of the ... (7)","Left-hand rule" /"attract","Unlike poles do this (7)","Magnet" b "domain","The main magnetic difference between steel and soft iron (6)","Magnetic materials" "relay","A switch operated by an electro-magnet (5)","Electromagnet","motor","This uses two magnetic fields toproduce rotation (5)","Left-hand rule" "coil","Winding wire round and round makes this (4)","Electromagnet","iron","This metal makes a magnetic field much stronger","Electromagnet" f"north","Field lines leave this pole (5)","Magnetic field","repel","Like poles do this (5)","Magnet" "steel","A permanent magnet can be made from this (5)","Magnetic material","bell","This uses repeated magnetism to make sound (4)","Electromagnet"  "*","*","*"  "*","*","*" #( 9100# #)4,0;"This program is designed as a quick test of the common topics in Physics."::"You will be given a list of topics from which to choose." #*>:"For each topic you will be givena number of questions." #+~:"When you complete the test you will be given a list of the programs on this tape that will help in your revision." #,3750::9100# #.J4,0;"If you answer correctly the nextquestion will appear." #2[:"If you get the question wrong you will be given the first letter of the answer." #5_:"If you get the question wrong a second time you will be given a reference to look up in "; #6("the ";:1:"GEM";:0:"." #7c:"The correct answer will be displayed if you get the question wrong a third time."; #8h3750::9100#:4,0;"At the end of the test you will be told how well you did." #9F:"You will also be given some suggestions for further revision" #:12 ,3;"To finish press ";:2:"SYMBOL ";0;"& ";2;"*":13 ,19;"SHIFT ":0 #; # #$1:"Physics Tester":0 # %d+r %& c=1 %+correct=0 %0w$(c),c$(c),r$(c) %5-w$(c,1)="*" c=c-1:9550N% %:c=10 9550N% %Dc=c+1:95200% %N"d$="I'm mixing up the questions" %S 0 %X(e=127:.03{u\,45- %b20,e+1;d$(e) %li=1+(*c) %vj=1+(*c) %h$=w$(i):j$=c$(i):k$=r$(i) %'w$(i)=w$(j):c$(i)=c$(j):r$(i)=r$(j) %w$(j)=h$:c$(j)=j$:r$(j)=k$ %e %H20,0;" ":.1}L,502 % %9100#:2,0;"If you run this program again":3,0;"you will not get exactly the":4,0;"the same set of questions" %[ 2:7,3;"To run this program again":9 ,10 ;"press RUN" %S11 ,3;"To load and run DIAGRAM1":13 ,10 ;"press NEXT" %17,4;"To load a later program":18,2;"wind on the tape before you":20,10 ;"press NEXT":0 %="r"Ŧ="R":20 &="n"Ŧ="N"9750& & 9720% &=:10 ,2;"Press PLAY on your recorder":"" &G &I 9806N& &J=a=112 :s$:n=07:b:s$+n,b:n:a &NY"a",0,0,0,16,32 ,112p,72H,112p:subscript 6 &OY"b",0,0,0,120x,64@,112p,8,112p:subscript 5 &PX"c",0,0,0,64@,80P,120x,16,16:subscript 4 &QY"d",0,0,0,112p,16,32 ,16,112p:subscript 3 &RY"e",0,0,0,480,72H,16,32 ,120x: subscript 2 &SV"f",0,0,120x,0,0,0,0,0:superscript - &TZ"g",16,16,124|,16,16,0,0,0:superscript + &UW"h",12 ,18,4,8,30,0,0,0:superscript 2 &VV"i",14,2,4,2,14,0,0,0:superscript 3 &We"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255:empty grid box &XK"j",0,24,24,24,90Z,60<,24,0 &YI"k",0,8,4,126~,126~,4,8,0 &FC$(20,100d):R$(20,20):B$(25,20) &W$(20,16) & LO DIAGRAM1 ==#B:7:0:7:b$=" " f=0:3910F :7:7:0 n=1 f=0 2 a(20) 4 b(20) 5 l(20) <$f1=0:f2=0:f3=0 > v=0 ? nh=0 @!y$="I'm doing some sorting" B%b$=" " Ca$=b$ Dl$=b$ znm=2805 :nd=2800 + 400 ,a=15 .z$ 0&i=07:row:z$+i,row:i 2a RG"o",0,0,0,120x,0,0,0,0 TH"r",12 ,18,4,8,30,0,0,0 VG"s",14,2,4,2,14,0,0,0 XJ"q",16,16,16,16,16,0,0,0 ZI"k",0,0,16,0,126~,0,16,0 ^U"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255 fJ"t",1,2,2,4,132,72H,40(,16 h  3900< i3:4,25:0,116t:180,0:0,-116t:-180,0 20:6,1;"This program revises" &7,1;"your knowledge of" 8,1;"diagrams and the ideas":9 ,1;"linked with them.":10 ,1;"You can select":11 ,1;"from several topics." 12 ,1;"For each topic you":13 ,1;"can choose either to":14,1;"have the topic":15,1;"explained or you can":16,1;"choose from two types":17,1;"of test." 320@:300,  0.1}L,20:1800   449 &2:192,84T,60< 4,23;"If":5,21;"you get":6,20;"a part":7,19;"wrong you ":8,18;"are told why" 9 ,17;"it is wrong, ":10 ,17;"sometimes with":11 ,17;"a reference to":12 ,18;"the GEM. You":13 ,18;"will get ":14,19;"another go":15,21;"later."  454 >18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each":2,5;"topic":3,4;"continues":4,3;"until you":5,2;"have got all":6,2;"the parts":7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop":9 ,2;"at any time":10 ,3;"by pressing":4:0:11 ,4;"symbol":12 ,3;"shift and":13 ,7;"*":7 !342V:300,:442 )0.1}L,20:0:1800  mn=1 x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=73950n  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 !0:mn=2:3000 v=101e3950n  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b#8000@+(n-1)*502: "pap,ink,bor,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ B:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:0  800 : !7:" ":" "; "6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &6v$="*"7:0:" ":1800:8204 (v$:804$ 4 :pap:3:7:ink:  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all":10 ,1;"questions in the section":12 ,1;"CORRECT.":1:14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) df,l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ '6:l,c;(64@+k);:7  l(a(k))=k k 0.5,0:1800  c$="":c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=l(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "df,l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (d1:19,2;"Press the ";:6:0:"LETTER";:7:1:" by the" ,a1:20,2;g$;" ";:6:21,16-(l$)/2;l$;:7:ink 1 c$="":c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @7c$=(64@+l(nq))c$=(96`+l(nq))1650r J. 2:20,2;"WRONG ";:ink:20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(nq));:1:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:21,1;" RIGHT";:ink:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:6:0:l,c;"":1850::7:1800 st=q1700 w 1670  k=k+1 wq=01675 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1675  1677 k>qk=1:1673  1673 nq=l(k):1562  1000  221,8;"Press SPACE to continue";  c$="":c$= c$01805   c$="":c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 & c$="":c$= (c$01830& *!0:21,2;b$: :df=1l,c;l$ ? X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Z c$="":c$= \c$="*"start ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 gh$,pap,ink,bor,m$,n$::6:0:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:pap:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200    t=0 K6:0:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:7:0 U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 |1800:6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;m$:20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$ c$="*"21004 c$="p"2080  c$="i"2290 c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="s"2650Z c$="b"2750 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh  c$="":c$= c$="*"490  2020  p:p: *x=a:y=b:a,b ,x,y . a-x,b-y: > -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 @2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";:3,9 ;t$ " "  q=0 df,l$ l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink ar,x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=141800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r v=99ce=q:b=1 21,0;" "; i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b+1))+b y=(*(e-b+1))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h  j:0.05|L,(-10 +i):i 9i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i  2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 i:i: 0.2~L,0:1800  k=1:nq=a(k):2450 gf=0 7:0:19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";:20,2;b$:20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$ df,l$,ar,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl  2410j :0.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :1800:2390V + 2370B .gf=0:6:1:20,2;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1850::1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G Vb=2:gf=0gj=1:6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :7:0:2305 X6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;"The correct answer was":20,2;l$:gf=0:7:0:1800:2450 :2370B ` 1000 j n c$="":c$= o&c$=0ůc$=13 2410j pc$="*"530 q>c$=12 w$="":21,2;" ":2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ y c$="":c$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y 19,2;b$; 20,2;b$; 21,2;b$;  0:nl nl=07: >6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:7 m6:nl=4w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..":20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; *7:0:lf=11800  x,y,a,b x,y a-x,b-y  (x,y,r 2x,y,r 7 Zm dp=4000+(m*502) ip n l,c,t$ l,c;t$;  x,y i=-11 j=-11 x+i,y+j j i  421,1;b$:nh:2020:1800: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: x,y,h,w 5x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0:  x,y,w,h,a a=a*/180 x,y:w-x,h-y,a: \&1:ar=8">":2910^ ]"?" ^ 0: :7 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d + 1 ,.x$" " 0,16-(x$/2);x$ ./h$:2,2;h$:n=1:m=1 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:7 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:0 b(3+n),4;h$ q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 >"":" ";:1:"Press a LETTER to choose";:7 v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ 0v$:20,0;v$:7:0 0:7 c$="":c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 !"DIAGRAMS & IDEAS IN PHYSICS" "Units and quantities" "Estimating molecular size" "Equations" "Making electrical potential" "Finding the centre of mass" "4-stroke petrol engine" "Finish using the program" "*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST" "Explanation" "Do you know the names" "Can you recognise the items" "Choose another TOPIC"  "Finish using the program" "*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  0,"resistance",8,13 ,13 ,0,"res" ?0,"capacitance",8,15,16,0,"cap" <0,"length",8,9 ,14,0,"lendis" A0,"voltage",8,13 ,18,0,"volemfe.m" =0,"charge",8,15,23,0,"chaele" E0,"force or weight",8,11 ,6,0,"forwei" G0,"electric current",8,13 ,24,0,"elecur" 70,"time",8,9 ,21,0,"tim" 90,"volume",8,5,16,0,"vol" 60,"mass",8,9 ,2,0,"mas" 90,"density",8,5,2,0,"den" >0,"temperature",8,17,9 ,0,"tem" :0,"pressure",8,7,6,0,"pre" G0,"velocity or speed",8,7,20,0,"velspe" E0,"acceleration",8,5,23,0,"accretdec" ;0,"momentum",8,13 ,2,0,"mom" I0,"specific heat capacity",8,15,7,0,"spe"  0,"*" 5"Estimating molecular size",7,0,7 "A drop of oil spreads into","a sheet a few molecules thick",1,11 ,"words and instructions",3,"of the label or instruction.","word(s)" "A simple experiment can be done","to estimate the size of a","molecule. When a drop of oil is","placed on the surface of water","it spreads out into a thin sheet","a few molecules thick but its","volume does not change.","*" "t",2,2," ","l",16,152,24,140,"l",24,140,32 ,152,"b",24,140,"x",12 ,130,6,24,"s",5,"h",5104 "l",12 ,112p,12 ,94^,"l",12 ,94^,58:,94^,"l",58:,94^,58:,112p,"l",12 ,106j,58:,106j,"h",5105 "c",84T,136,23,"c",84T,136,24,"c",84T,136,12 ,"l",63?,122z,480,108l,"l",480,112p,480,108l,"l",480,108l,524,108l,"h",5107 4"i",1,"t",1,14,"Calculate the ","t",2,14,"------ of the drop","t",4,14,"Try to get a ---- ","t",5,14,"of 1mm diameter ","t",7,14,"Work out thickness","t",9 ,14,"Put a drop of oil ","t",10 ,14,"on the ---- frame " "t",12 ,11 ,"Place the drop in the","t",13 ,11 ,"------ of the dish","t",15,11 ,"Measure the -------- ","t",16,11 ,"of the thin sheet ","t",18,11 ,"Shake fine ------ on ","i",0,"h",5110 "p",5,"t",11 ,2,"step 1","t",12 ,2,"step 2","t",13 ,2,"step 3","t",14,2,"step 4","t",15,2,"step 5","t",16,2,"step 6","t",17,2,"step 7","p",7,"h",5112 +"l",24,140,480,140 "i",0,"p",7,"*"  @0,"drop of oil",9 ,4,6,3,"drooil"  C0,"mm scale",1,6,2,0,"mm milscarul"  70,"water",9 ,9 ,4,0,"wat" F0,"fine powder",9 ,5,8,5,"fintalpowlyc" O0,"thin oil sheet/film",9 ,4,10 ,0,"thioilshefil" :1,"volume",9 ,2,14,10 ,"vol" 71,"drop",9 ,4,27,0,"dro" ;1,"wire",9 ,10 ,21,0,"wirloo" =1,"centre",9 ,13 ,11 ,0,"cenmid" <1,"diameter",9 ,15,23,0,"dia" :1,"powder",9 ,18,22,7,"pow" A0,"Put a drop...",9 ,11 ,8,12 ,"put" D0,"Try to get a ...",9 ,12 ,8,13 ,"try" E0,"Calculate the ...",9 ,13 ,8,14,"cal" B0,"Shake fine ...",9 ,14,8,15,"sha" F0,"Place the drop ...",9 ,15,8,16,"pla" C0,"Measure the ...",9 ,16,8,17,"mea" F0,"Work out thickness",9 ,17,8,18,"wor"  0,"*" P%"Equations",7,0,7 Q"Without knowing the equations","you cannot do calculations",1,17,"physical quantities.",3,"of the quantity.","quantity" R"This topic reminds you about","some of the equations used in","Physics. Each equation has one","of the quantities missing, ","(shown as ).","You have to fill in the missing","quantity"," ","eg work = force x "," ","The quantity is distance.","*" S\"t",2,2,"velocity = x wavelength","t",3,2,"speed = distance " T+"t",4,2,"power = voltage x " U,"t",5,2,"density = volume" V-"t",6,2,"voltage = current x " W+"t",7,2,"work = x distance" X5"t",8,2,"mechanical advntge= effort" Y5"t",9 ,2,"acceleration=change in xtime" Z)"t",10 ,2,"power = time" [-"t",11 ,2,"charge = x voltage" \+"t",12 ,2,"current = time" ]+"t",13 ,2,"moment = force x " ^)"t",14,2,"force = mass x " _,"t",15,2," = mass x velocity" `0"t",16,2,"energy = mass x SHC x " a)"t",17,2," = force area" b*"t",18,2,"weight = mass x " m"p",7,"*" o<0,"frequency",9 ,2,13 ,0,"fre" p70,"time",9 ,3,21,0,"tim" q=0,"current",9 ,4,20,0,"curamp" r70,"mass",9 ,5,12 ,0,"mas" sF0,"resistance (ohm)",9 ,6,22,0,"resohm" t70,"force",9 ,7,9 ,0,"for" uD0,"load or weight",9 ,8,22,0,"loawei" vG0,"velocity or speed",9 ,9 ,25,0,"velspe" wE0,"energy or work",9 ,10 ,10 ,0,"enewor" x?0,"capacitance",9 ,11 ,11 ,0,"cap" y=0,"charge",9 ,12 ,12 ,0,"chacap" zP0,"perpendicular distance",9 ,13 ,19,0,"perdislen" {@0,"acceleration",9 ,14,17,0,"acc" |;0,"momentum",9 ,15,2,0,"mom" }I0,"temperature change",9 ,16,24,0,"temcha" ~;0,"pressure",9 ,17,2,0,"pre" M0,"gravitational constant",9 ,18,18,0,"graacc"  0,"*" 7"Making electrical potential",7,0,7 "chemical reaction, changing","magnetic field, temperature.",1,16,"labels and parts",3,"of the answer.","word(s)" "An e.m.f. can be produced in a","number of ways"," ","Battery (in a car or in a torch)","A generator or dynamo ","A thermocouple which uses a ","difference in temperature"," ","You have to fill in the labels","on the diagrams.","*" ~"i",1,"t",8,1,"lead acid","l",12 ,142,12 ,116t,"d",60<,116t,"d",60<,142,"x",18,120x,30,4,"x",502,120x,30,4,"t",2,2,"+ -","l",12 ,140,18,140,"l",22,140,502,140,"l",546,140,60<,140,"h",5306 g"i",1,"t",16,1,"Lechlanche","t",17,1,"dry cell","l",12 ,86V,12 ,524,"d",44,,524,"d",44,,86V,"t",11 ,6,"-","x",26,568,30,4,"t",10 ,3,"+","l",12 ,78N,26,78N,"l",32 ,78N,44,,78N,"i",0,"h",5308 k"l",96`,108l,116t,108l,"d",116t,124|,"d",96`,124|,"l",116t,124|,152,160,"d",132,160,"l",152,160,152,144,"d",116t,108l,"l",200,108l,176,108l,"d",176,124|,"d",200,124|,"l",176,124|,212,160 "l",212,160,228,160,"t",7,13 ,"N","l",126~,98b,148,120x,"d",136,120x,"d",164,148,"d",192,148,"d",164,120x,"d",156,120x,"d",148,112p,"h",5312 "c",144,112p,6,"c",132,96`,6,"l",146,105i,152,100d,"d",156,104h,"d",150,109m,"l",134,90Z,140,84T,"d",144,88X,"d",137,94^ ~"l",154,102f,236,102f,"d",236,92\,"x",224,76L,16,24,"l",236,76L,236,72H,"d",142,72H,"l",142,72H,142,86V,"t",3,26,"coil","t",4,26,"gives","t",5,25,"-------","t",6,26,"e.m.f.","t",10 ,19," output","h",5316 2"a",96`,76L,96`,524,180,"a",96`,77M,96`,513,180,"a",96`,78N,96`,502,180,"a",96`,79O,96`,491,180,"a",100d,76L,100d,524,-180,"a",100d,77M,100d,513,-180,"a",100d,78N,100d,502,-180,"a",100d,79O,100d,491,-180,"l",82R,60<,68D,60<,"d",68D,68D,"d",82R,68D,"l",114r,60<,128,60<,"d",128,68D "l",128,68D,114r,68D,"l",84T,64@,90Z,64@,"d",108l,84T,"l",111o,64@,104h,64@,"d",124|,84T,"t",16,12 ," output","h",5320 "i",1,"t",16,22,"thermo","t",17,22,"couple","l",164,32 ,152,60<,"l",152,60<,184,60<,"c",192,60<,8,"l",200,60<,248,60<,"l",248,60<,232,32 ,"l",232,32 ,224,480,"l",224,480,172,480,"l",172,480,164,32 ,"t",18,27,"cold","i",0,"h",5322 "i",0,"*" <0,"lead plate",9 ,3,2,0,"lea" D0,"lead dioxide plate",9 ,3,6,1,"lea" J0,"dilute sulphuric acid",9 ,5,4,6,"dilsul" 90,"carbon",9 ,11 ,3,5,"car" 70,"zinc",9 ,13 ,5,0,"zin" J0,"ammonium chloride paste",9 ,13 ,2,0,"amm" M0,"split ring commutator",9 ,12 ,11 ,11 ,"comspl" @1,"maximum",9 ,5,25,0,"maxbiglar" =0,"south pole",9 ,7,23,0,"sou" <0,"slip ring",9 ,9 ,16,0,"sli" F 0,"carbon brushes",9 ,13 ,15,7,"brucar" I0,"alternating",9 ,10 ,19,14,"alta.c acac " C0,"direct",9 ,16,12 ,0,"dird.c dcdc " P0,"load eg lamp, resistor",9 ,11 ,29,0,"loalamres" =1,"hot",9 ,18,20,0,"hothigwar"  0,"*" 6"Finding the Centre of Mass",7,0,7 "Think about what YOU did in","the experiment. ",1,11 ,"words and steps",3,"of the word/step/label.","word(s)" ;"If an object is suspended from","a pivot and released so that it","can swing freely it comes to","rest with the centre of mass","vertically below the pivot.","This is because there is then no","resultant moment about the","pivot."," ","In this experiment you have to","decide on the steps and","their order.","*" "l",10 ,128,46.,152,"l",46.,152,80P,152,"l",80P,152,546,96`,"l",546,96`,10 ,128,"b",16,128,"b",47/,146,"b",72H,146,"l",40(,140,47/,146,"l",524,152,58:,158,"l",58:,154,58:,162,"l",58:,162,62>,166,"l",62>,166,62>,158,"l",62>,158,58:,154,"h",5406 W"l",47/,146,47/,92\,"c",47/,84T,8,"h",5408   "i",1,"t",2,11 ,"allow the lamina and","t",3,11 ,"--------- to come to","t",4,11 ,"----" "P"t",6,11 ,"this point is the","t",7,11 ,"centre of ----" $X"t",9 ,11 ,"suspend the lamina","t",10 ,11 ,"and plumbline ------" &Q"t",12 ,11 ,"repeat if the lines","t",13 ,11 ,"don't ----." (/"t",15,11 ,"mark along the ------" *l"t",17,11 ,"use 2 other","t",18,11 ,"holes ---- the edge","i",0,"h",5420, ,"p",5,"t",13 ,2,"step 1","t",14,2,"step 2","t",15,2,"step 3","t",16,2,"step 4","t",17,2,"step 5","t",18,2,"step 6","p",7,"h",5422. ."*" 7M0,"pin producing a pivot",9 ,1,6,0,"pinrodpiv" 860,"hole",9 ,3,8,0,"hol" 980,"lamina",9 ,7,3,0,"lam" :L0,"heavy bob weight",9 ,11 ,5,0,"bobleaweihea" ;<1,"plumbline",9 ,3,11 ,0,"plu" <:1,"rest",9 ,4,11 ,0,"ressto" =71,"mass",9 ,7,21,0,"mas" >=1,"freely",9 ,10 ,25,0,"freloo" ?G1,"meet or cross",9 ,13 ,17,0,"meecrojoi" @:1,"string",9 ,15,26,0,"str" A81,"near",9 ,18,17,0,"nea" BI0,"suspend the lamina...",9 ,13 ,8,13 ,"sus" CA0,"allow the....",9 ,14,8,14,"all" D?0,"mark....",9 ,15,8,14,"mardra" EB0,"use 2 other...",9 ,16,8,16,"use" FJ0,"repeat if the lines ..",9 ,17,8,17,"rep" GA0,"This point...",9 ,18,8,18,"thi" T 0,"*" |2"4-stroke petrol engine",7,0,7 }"There are 4 strokes. induction","compression power exhaust.",1,9 ,"labels and words.",3,"of the missing word.","word(s)" ~"A 4-stroke petrol engine burns","a mixture of petrol vapour and","air."," ","You are asked to label diagrams","and to fill in words in a","description of the process.","*" e"l",10 ,144,32 ,144,"x",32 ,140,8,8,"l",40(,144,64@,144,"l",34",140,34",136,"l",36$,136,38&,136,"l",38&,137,38&,140,"l",10 ,136,24,136,"d",24,112p,"l",64@,136,480,136 '"l",480,136,480,112p,"t",6,3," ","l",20,138,20,130,"l",524,144,524,136,"t",6,1,"1","c",12 ,124|,6,"t",1,2," droplets","t",2,2,"& drawn in","h",5507 D"i",1,"l",72H,144,96`,144,"x",96`,140,8,8,"l",104h,144,128,144,"l",98b,140,98b,136,"l",100d,136,102f,136,"d",102f,140,"l",72H,136,88X,136,"d",88X,112p,"l",128,136,112p,136,"d",112p,112p,"t",5,11 ," ","l",84T,144,84T,136,"l",116t,144,116t,136,"t",6,9 ,"2","c",76L,124|,6,"i",0,"h",5509 j"i",2,"t",1,16,"piston is","t",2,16,"moving ","l",136,144,160,144,"x",160,140,8,8,"l",168,144,192,144,"l",162,140,162,136,"l",164,136,166,136,"d",166,140,"l",136,136,152,136 0"l",152,136,152,112p,"l",192,136,176,136,"d",176,112p,"t",6,19," ","l",148,144,148,136,"l",180,144,180,136,"t",6,17,"3","c",140,124|,6,"h",5512 m"i",0,"l",200,144,224,144,"x",224,140,8,8,"l",232,144,255,144,"l",226,140,226,136,"l",228,136,230,136,"d",230,140,"l",200,136,216,136,"d",216,112p,"l",255,136,240,136 "l",240,136,240,112p,"t",5,27," ","l",212,144,212,136,"l",244,138,244,132,"t",6,25,"4","c",204,124|,6,"h",5514 "t",8,1,"stroke","i",1,"t",8,9 ,"stroke","i",2,"t",8,17,"stroke","i",0,"t",8,25,"stroke" "p",7,"t",10 ,2,"When the petrol ------ and air","t",11 ,2,"------ the high ----------- ","t",12 ,2,"and extra --------- produced ","t",13 ,2,"cause a -------- which ------ ","t",14,2,"the piston down. Energy is " "t",15,2,"stored in the --------. ","t",16,2,"Some of this ------ is used to","t",17,2,"push the exhaust ----- out so ","t",18,2,"that the cycle can be --------","p",7,"h",5518  "*" ;0,"petrol",9 ,1,2,2,"petgas" 80,"air",9 ,2,4,0,"airoxy" @0,"spark plug",2,3,28,0,"spaplu" 70,"down",9 ,2,23,0,"dow" 80,"piston",9 ,6,4,0,"pis" D0,"induction/inlet",9 ,8,1,7,"indinl" =0,"compression",9 ,8,9 ,8,"com" 80,"power",9 ,8,17,9 ,"pow" :0,"exhaust",9 ,8,25,0,"exh" < 1,"vapour",9 ,10 ,18,10 ,"vap" @1,"ignite",9 ,11 ,2,11 ,"ignburexp" @1,"temperature",9 ,11 ,18,12 ,"tem" A1,"particles",9 ,12 ,12 ,13 ,"parmol" =1,"pressure",9 ,13 ,10 ,14,"pre" >1,"pushes",9 ,13 ,25,15,"pusfor" =1,"flywheel",9 ,15,16,16,"fly" ;1,"energy",9 ,16,15,17,"ene" @1,"gases",9 ,17,19,18,"gaswasfum" C1,"repeated",9 ,18,24,19,"repcondon"  0,"*" X?2,"These are four of the base","units of the SI system" Y'1,"Gravitational force is F=mg" Z?2,"Work = force x distance","Power = energy per second" [12,"Pressure is the force per","unit area" \-2,"Density is mass per","unit volume" ]&1,"velocity = distance time" ^1,"Momentum" _42,"Specific heat capacity","and temperature" `,2,"Electrical units","R=V/I Q=CV" /2,"Get a drop about 1mm in","diameter." F2,"Fill a dish with water and","lightly sprinkle with powder." D2,"Place the drop in the centre.","It spreads into a sheet." E2,"Here are the instructions","but not in the correct order." 02,"You have to get the correct","order." '1,"The outline is now complete" 92,"This is a list of commonly","needed equations" M2,"This cell is rechargeable LOW ","internal resistance 0.01 Ohm" P 2,"This cell cannot be recharged.","HIGH internal resistance 1 Ohm" D2,"An AC generator has a coil","turning in a magnetic field" J 2,"SLIP RINGS & brushes are used","to take the emf from the coil" A 2,"To produce a DC output use","a split ring commutator" ;2,"The difference in temperature","produces a p.d." :2,"The wires could be ","copper-constantan-copper" '1,"The diagram is now complete"  C2,"A lamina is freely suspended","from a pin near the edge" !<2,"A plumbline will hang with","the string vertical" ">2,"These are the steps but not","in the correct order" #<2,"You will have to decide the","order of the steps" RH2,"As the piston moves down it","draws in a fresh fuel mixture." SA2,"The piston moves up to ","compress the mixture by 8:1" T>2,"The mixture ignites and ","pushes the piston down." U@2,"The piston moves up to push","the exhaust gases out." V; 2,"Here is an outline description","of the cycle." W'1,"The display is now complete" @!e=19 : nm:nd:e: r1e=15: nm:nd:e:nm:1800:  nm:nd:  1e=16: nm:nd:e:nm:1800: !e=14: nm:nd:e: :!e=14: nm:nd:e: ?nd:nmes:nmes #<4,"Table 2" #[!1,"Less dense than water" #\22,"To measure the diameter of","the drop." #]31,"A liquid with a density of","1000 kg/m3" #l 0 #=2,"The number of waves passing","a point in 1 second" #02,"You will get a SECOND chance","later" #1,"J = J/C x C/s" #=2,"The unit of density is","kilogram per cubic metre" #1,"Remember V=IR" #'1,"Another unit for work is Nm" #B2,"Answering this question will","be a .... off your mind" #4,"A..........n" #$1,"The unit of power is J/s" #4,"Faraday" #.2,"Think about a bunch of","electrons" #4,"Torque" #"4,"Newton's Laws of Force" #4,"M......m" #.2,"Measured in Centigrade","or Kelvin" #.2,"The air and liquids produce","this" #/2,"There is less of this on the","moon" #1,"a dense, grey metal" # 0 #A2,"an acid with hydrogen ions(+)","and sulphate ions(2-)" #4,"cell" #I 2,"to reverse the current every","half cycle. GEM generator" #G 2,"the minimum e.m.f. is produced","when the coil is vertical" #>2,"the field lines must go from","one pole to another" #%4,"electromagnetic induction" #4,"generator" #4,"alternating current" #72,"current which flows in only","one direction" #-2,"This converts electrical","energy" #4,"thermometer" $ 0 $#(1,"This is the fuel which burns" $$?2,"The oxygen in this is needed","for the fuel to burn" $%02,"A high voltage is applied to","this." $&)1,"The volume is getting larger." $'62,"This is the part which moves","up and down" $+4,"Engines" $,&1,"A liquid turned into a gas" $-32,"The petrol vapour burns","very quickly." $. 0 $/>2,"very small pieces of matter","but not quite atoms." $0<2,"This is caused by particles","hitting a surface." $1 0 $2.1,"A rotating object of large","mass." $3.2,"This is the capacity to do","work." $4<2,"Carbon monoxide and water","vapour are examples." $51,"To do again." B fC DIAGRAM2 ("*B:7:0:7:b$=" " f=0:3910F :7:7:0 n=1:f=0 2'a(20):b(20):l(20) >v=0:nh=0 @!y$="I'm doing some sorting" B%b$=" " Ca$=b$ Dl$=b$ znm=2805 :nd=2800 + 400 ,a=12 .z$ 0&i=07:row:z$+i,row:i 2a ^U"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255 `Q"a",85U,170,85U,170,85U,170,85U,170 fJ"t",1,2,2,4,132,72H,40(,16 gG"c",0,0,8,4,126~,4,8,0 h  3900< i3:4,25:0,116t:180,0:0,-116t:-180,0 20:6,1;"This program revises" &7,1;"your knowledge of" 8,1;"diagrams and the ideas":9 ,1;"linked with them.":10 ,1;"You can select":11 ,1;"from several topics." 12 ,1;"For each topic you":13 ,1;"can choose either to":14,1;"have the topic":15,1;"explained or you can":16,1;"choose from two types":17,1;"of test." 320@:300,  0.1}L,20:1800   449 &2:192,84T,60< 4,23;"If":5,21;"you get":6,20;"a part":7,19;"wrong you ":8,18;"are told why" 9 ,17;"it is wrong, ":10 ,17;"sometimes with":11 ,17;"a reference to":12 ,18;"the GEM. You":13 ,18;"will get ":14,19;"another go":15,21;"later."  454 >18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each":2,5;"topic":3,4;"continues":4,3;"until you":5,2;"have got all":6,2;"the parts":7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop":9 ,2;"at any time":10 ,3;"by pressing":4:0:11 ,4;"symbol":12 ,3;"shift and":13 ,7;"*":7 !358f:300,:442 )0.1}L,20:0:1800  mn=1 x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=63950n  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 mn=2:3000 v=101e3950n  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b#8000@+(n-1)*502: "pap,ink,bor,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ B:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:0  800 : !7:" ":" "; "6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &v$="*"" ":1800:: (v$:804$  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all":10 ,1;"questions in the section":12 ,1;"CORRECT.":1:14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) df,l$,l,c,wq,a$ *6:l,c;(64@+l(k));:7 k 0.5,0:1800  c$="":c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=a(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "df,l$,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (d1:19,2;"Press the ";:6:0:"LETTER";:7:1:" by the" ,a1:20,2;g$;" ";:6:21,16-(l$)/2;l$;:7:ink 1 c$="":c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @5c$=(64@+l(k))c$=(96`+l(k))1650r J+ 2:20,2;"WRONG ";:ink:20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(k));:1:l,c;(64@+l(k)):0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(k)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:21,1;" RIGHT";:ink:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:6:0:l,c;"":1850::7:1800 st=q1700  k=k+1 k>qk=1 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1673 nq=a(k):1562  1000  D7:0:21,8;"Press SPACE to continue";  c$="":c$= c$01805   c$="":c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 & c$="":c$= (c$01830& *!0:21,2;b$: :df=1l,c;l$ ? X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Z c$="":c$= \c$="*"start ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 %k=118:b(k)=1:k gh$,pap,ink,bor,m$,n$::6:0:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:pap:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200    t=0 K6:0:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:7:0 U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 |1800:6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;m$:20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$ c$="*"21004 c$="p"2080  c$="i"2290 c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="s"2650Z c$="b"2750 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh  c$="":c$= c$="*"490  2020  p:p: *x=a:y=b:a,b ,x,y . a-x,b-y: > -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 @2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";:3,9 ;t$ " "  q=0 df,l$ l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink  x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=141800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r 21,0;" "; v=99ce=q:b=1 i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b+1))+b y=(*(e-b+1))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h  j:0.05|L,(-10 +i):i 9i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i  2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 i:i: 0.2~L,0:1800  k=1:nq=a(k):2450 gf=0 7:0:19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";:20,2;b$:20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$ df,l$,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl  2410j :0.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :1800:2390V .gf=0:6:1:20,2;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1850::1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G Vb=2:gf=0gf=1:6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :7:0:2450 :2305 X6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;"The correct answer was":20,2;l$:gf=0:7:0:1800:2450 :2370B ` 1000 j n c$="":c$= o&c$=0ůc$=13 2410j pc$="*"530 q>c$=12 w$="":21,2;" ":2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ y c$="":c$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y 19,2;b$; 20,2;b$; 21,2;b$;  0:nl nl=07: 56:19,2;b$:20,2;b$ dnl=3w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..":20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; *7:0:lf=11800  x,y,a,b:x,y:a-x,b-y: (x,y,r:x,y,r: Z m:(4000+(m*502)): l,c,t$ l,c;t$;  >x,y:i=-11:j=-11:x+i,y+j:j:i: 421,1;b$:nh:2020:1800: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: x,y,h,w 5x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0:  x,y,w,h,a a=a*/180 x,y:w-x,h-y,a: T1:"?":0: :7 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d + 1 ,.x$" " 0,16-(x$/2);x$ ./h$:2,2;h$:n=1:m=1 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:7 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:0 b(3+n),4;h$ q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 >"":" ";:1:"Press a LETTER to choose";:7 v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ 0v$:20,0;v$:7:0 0:7 c$="":c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 !"DIAGRAMS & IDEAS IN PHYSICS" "Energy conversions" "Measuring density" "Household electrical wiring" "Hydraulics (liquid pressure)" "Nuclear power generation" "Finish using the program" "*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST" "Explanation" "Do you know the names" "Can you recognise the items" "Choose another TOPIC"  "Finish using the program" "*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  ,138,"l",524,138,524,130,"l",502,138,46.,144,"d",46.,152,"d",60<,156,"d",568,138,"t",8,6,"2","c",524,108l,6,"h",5108 9"l",74J,164,74J,118v,"d",90Z,118v,"d",90Z,164,"l",74J,156,90Z,156,"l",80P,118v,76L,124|,"d",76L,134,"d",90Z,138,"d",86V,118v,"t",8,10 ,"3","c",84T,108l,6,"h",5110 "i",1,"t",2,12 ,"Record the first ","t",3,12 ,"------ ","t",5,12 ,"Weigh the ------ ","t",7,12 ,"Work out the -------" ;"t",9 ,12 ,"Fill a measuring ","t",10 ,12 ,"-------- to a depth ","t",11 ,12 ,"------ than the ","t",12 ,12 ,"height of the object","t",14,12 ,"Note the --- volume ","t",16,12 ,"Put object in ------","t",18,12 ,"Calculate the volume" "i",0,"h",5114 "p",5,"t",11 ,2,"step 1","t",12 ,2,"step 2","t",13 ,2,"step 3","t",14,2,"step 4","t",15,2,"step 5","t",16,2,"step 6","t",17,2,"step 7","p",7,"h",5116 "p",7,"*"  H0,"first liquid level",4,1,4,"fir1stini'stold"  ?0,"top pan balance",6,6,0,"baltopsca"  J0,"irregular shaped object",3,6,0,"objlumirrodd" J0,"second or new liquid level",2,8,0,"sec2ndnew" 11,"volume",3,12 ,0,"vol" =1,"object",5,22,2,"objlumirroddsto" 21,"density",7,25,0,"den" 41,"cylinder",10 ,12 ,1,"cyl" B1,"greater",11 ,12 ,0,"larbiggredeehigmor" 51,"new",14,21,3,"newsec2nd" ;1,"liquid",16,26,0,"liqwatslogen" 50,"fill a ...",11 ,8,0,"fil" 90,"record the ...",12 ,8,0,"rec" 80,"weigh the ...",13 ,8,0,"wei" 90,"put object ...",14,8,0,"put" ?0,"note down new volume",15,8,0,"not" @ 0,"calculate the volume",16,8,0,"cal" ?0,"work out the density",17,8,0,"wor"  0,"*" P7"Household electrical wiring",7,0,7 Qh"All circuit are in PARALLEL"," ",1,18,"labels.",3,"of the label.","part or colour " Rn"This topic is about the","electrical supply to a house","and the electrical wiring","inside the house.","*" T"i",1,"a",568,144,16,144,180,"l",16,144,16,112p,"d",568,112p,"d",568,144,"x",24,116t,8,24 U"b",28,120x,"b",44,,120x,"x",24,130,6,8,"x",40(,130,6,8,"x",44,,134,16,4,"x",40(,148,4,8,"x",34",152,8,4,"t",9 ,2,"CABLE ","t",10 ,2,"COLOURS ","i",0,"t",11 ,2,"live ","t",12 ,2,"neutral ","p",1,"t",12 ,9 ," ","p",7,"t",13 ,2,"earth ","i",6,"t",13 ,9 ,"","i",0,"h",5207W W"t",18,1,"E","l",16,28,132,28,"d",132,40(,"x",128,40(,8,8,"b",132,44,,"t",17,1,"N","x",24,32 ,20,24,"x",60<,32 ,20,24,"l",16,36$,24,36$,"l",480,36$,60<,36$,"l",84T,36$,108l,36$,"d",108l,44, X"l",16,44,,24,44,,"l",480,44,,60<,44,,"l",84T,40(,92\,40(,"d",92\,44,,"x",92\,66B,3,34","b",92\,67C,"b",108l,67C,"b",124|,67C,"l",92\,66B,92\,568,"d",100d,44,,"l",108l,60<,108l,568,"d",116t,44,,"i",0,"h",5210Z Z"t",15,21,"Only the ","t",16,21,"live wires ","t",17,21,"are shown ","t",18,21,"for clarity" ["c",92\,72H,3,"c",92\,84T,3,"l",90Z,74J,94^,82R,"l",90Z,82R,94^,74J,"l",92\,87W,92\,164,"d",168,164,"b",108l,164,"l",108l,164,108l,128,"x",104h,120x,8,8,"l",110n,128,110n,156,"d",120x,156,"x",120x,152,8,8,"l",124|,152,124|,136,"c",124|,132,4 \'"l",121y,129,127,135,"l",121y,135,127,129,"b",142,164,"l",142,164,142,128,"x",140,120x,8,8,"l",146,128,146,156,"l",146,156,160,156,"x",160,152,8,8,"l",164,152,164,136,"c",164,132,4,"l",161,129,167,135,"l",161,135,167,129,"t",1,21,"more lights","i",0,"h",5214^ ^"i",2,"c",108l,72H,3,"c",108l,84T,3,"l",106j,74J,110n,82R,"l",106j,82R,110n,74J,"l",108l,87W,120x,116t,"l",120x,116t,204,116t,"l",204,116t,204,126~,"x",190,126~,28,28,"c",196,148,4,"c",196,132,4,"c",212,148,4,"c",212,132,4,"i",0,"h",5216` _+"l",46.,122z,64@,124| `"t",8,22," ","t",8,28," ","t",12 ,28," ","t",12 ,23," ","t",12 ,18," ","c",124|,72H,3,"c",124|,84T,3,"l",122z,74J,126~,82R,"l",122z,82R,126~,74J,"l",124|,87W,136,98b,"d",176,98b,"d",180,104h,"d",184,98b,"d",224,98b,"d",228,104h,"d",232,98b,"d",240,98b,"d",240,66B,"d",232,66B,"d",228,72H,"d",224,66B,"d",192,66B,"d",188,72H,"d",184,66B a"d",152,66B,"d",148,72H,"d",144,66B,"d",136,66B,"d",136,92\,"d",124|,87W,"t",10 ,20,"---- main","i",0,"h",5219c c"*" o30,"earth pin",2,3,2,"ear" p50,"neutral pin",4,3,3,"neu" qD0,"fuse or circuit breaker",3,6,0,"fuscir" r?0,"cable/cord grip",6,8,0,"cabgricor" s00,"brown",11 ,9 ,1,"bro" t/0,"blue",12 ,9 ,0,"blu" uI0,"green and yellow stripes",13 ,9 ,6,"grestryel" v:0,"live or line",16,1,0,"linliv" wG0,"electricity board's fuse",16,4,10 ,"eleboa" xL0,"electricity/energy meter",16,8,0,"eneelemetjou" y:0,"earth terminal",16,17,0,"ear" zL0,"socket outlet/power socket",11 ,18,0,"socoutpow" {51,"ring main",10 ,20,0,"rin" |;0,"light switch",6,12 ,12 ,"swilig" }80,"lamp/bulb",5,16,16,"lambul" ~G0,"ceiling rose/connector",2,16,0,"ceiroscon" :0,"cooker/stove",4,28,0,"coosto" N0,"distribution box/main switch",14,12 ,0,"disboxmai"  0,"*" &"Hydraulics",7,0,7 "Pressure is transmitted to ALL","parts of a liquid EQUALLY.",1,8,"labels & words.",3,"of the label/missing word.","word(s)." ^"This topic describes the use","of fluid pressure in the ","hydraulic braking system used","in cars."," ","Two physical principles are","important"," ","1. A liquid cannot be compressed"," and so pressure is"," transmitted equally to"," all parts"," ","2. Force = pressure x area"," so that if the area is"," altered the force alters","*" "t",3,2,"foot","l",20,136,480,136,"l",480,136,44,,140,"l",480,136,44,,132,"x",502,130,12 ,4,"l",546,136,58:,136,"d",58:,164,"l",58:,144,62>,148,"d",66B,144,"d",70F,148,"d",74J,144,"d",78N,148,"d",80P,148,"t",3,10 ,"","b",58:,156,"b",58:,164,"l",58:,156,80P,156,"l",72H,160,104h,160,"d",104h,157,"l",72H,152,104h,152,"d",104h,154,"t",2,10 ," " "h",5306 "l",104h,157,123{,157,"d",123{,149,"d",146,149,"l",104h,155,117u,155,"d",117u,123{,"d",144,123{,"l",146,146,123{,146,"d",123{,126~,"d",144,126~ "h",5308 "l",176,160,146,160,"d",146,149,"l",146,146,146,136,"d",176,136,"t",2,20," ","t",3,20," ","t",4,20," " "l",176,128,144,128,"d",144,126~,"l",144,123{,144,120x,"d",176,120x,"t",6,19," " "h",5311 "t",1,23,"larger","t",2,23,"----","t",3,23,"larger","t",4,23,"force","t",5,23,"to ------","h",5312 "i",1,"t",8,2,"When the foot is ------ ","t",9 ,2,"onto the brake pedal the ","t",10 ,2,"----- produced is --------- by","t",11 ,2,"the ----- system and pushes ","t",12 ,2,"the piston into the ------ " "t",13 ,2,"cylinder. This increases the ","t",14,2,"-------- in the fluid which ","t",15,2,"is ----------- to the ----- ","t",16,2,"cylinder where it ----- the ","t",17,2,"piston ------- the brakes on. "  "i",0,"h",5316 ,"l",98b,156,100d,136 "*" 80,"brake pedal",6,6,0,"braped" =0,"pivot or fulcrum",1,6,0,"pivful" :0,"return spring",4,8,0,"sprret" 10,"piston",1,10 ,8,"pis" :0,"master cylinder",1,12 ,7,"mas" K0,"hydraulic/brake fluid NOT OIL",5,12 ,0,"hydbra" 41,"brakes",5,26,0,"brapad" 21,"area",2,23,0,"aresur" 11,"pushed",8,19,9 ,"pus" 11,"force",10 ,2,10 ,"for" ?1,"magnified",10 ,20,11 ,"magmadlarbig" 11,"lever",11 ,6,12 ,"lev" 31,"master",12 ,22,13 ,"mas" 41,"pressure",14,2,14,"pre" :1,"transmitted",15,5,15,"tracar" 21,"slave",15,25,16,"sla" 51,"moves",16,20,17,"movpus" 91,"forcing",17,9 ,18,"forpusput"  0,"*" 4"Nuclear power generation",7,0,7 u"(ENERGY) Nuclear Heat "," Potential Electrical",1,15,"labels.",3,"of the label.","item" "This topic looks at the way","a nuclear reactor generates heat",",how this heat energy is turned","into electrical energy and how","the electrical energy is","transmitted to your home.","*" `"x",64@,108l,28,4,"x",480,108l,28,4,"h",5404 "s",1,"h",5405 U"x",40(,100d,40(,32 ,"t",7,8," ","h",5406 "l",568,166,568,120x,"l",579,166,579,120x,"l",58:,166,58:,120x,"l",59;,166,59;,120x,"h",5407 "l",92\,148,28,148,"d",28,92\,"d",92\,92\,"l",92\,100d,89Y,100d,"d",89Y,140,"d",92\,140,"x",92\,136,20,16,"x",92\,88X,16,16,"l",108l,140,128,140,"d",128,100d,"d",108l,100d,"l",108l,148,136,148,"d",136,92\,"d",108l,92\,"s",2,"h",5408   "l",88X,148,88X,158,"d",12 ,158,"d",12 ,80P,"d",88X,80P,"d",88X,92\,"h",5409! !="l",128,136,116t,136,"d",116t,108l,"d",128,108l,"l",136,136,184,136,"l",184,132,148,132,"d",148,92\,"d",162,92\,"l",160,88X,144,88X,"d",144,108l,"d",136,108l ""l",184,124|,184,144,"d",204,156,"d",204,112p,"d",184,124|,"l",196,118v,196,108l,"d",176,108l,"l",200,114r,200,104h,"d",178,104h,"l",168,112p,176,112p,"a",176,112p,184,88X,25,"l",184,88X,160,88X,"a",160,88X,168,112p,25,"h",5411# #"l",204,134,216,134,"l",204,130,216,130,"x",216,120x,24,24,"h",5412$ $"l",240,132,248,132,"d",248,64@,"x",232,44,,20,18,"l",204,60<,216,480,"d",208,80P,"d",200,480,"d",212,60<,"l",164,60<,176,480,"d",168,80P,"d",160,480,"d",172,60<,"l",124|,60<,136,480,"d",128,80P,"d",120x,480,"d",132,60<,"a",232,60<,208,80P,-30,"a",208,80P,168,80P,-502,"a",168,80P,128,80P,-502,"a",128,80P,104h,60<,-25,"h",5414& & "t",16,17,"---- high","t",17,17,"voltage","x",80P,44,,16,24,"l",80P,524,60<,524,"x",12 ,44,,16,480,"t",15,2,"HOUSE","t",17,1,"--- voltage","h",5416( '"b",156,134,"l",156,134,156,152,"b",152,90Z,"l",152,90Z,156,104h,"b",524,104h,"l",524,104h,44,,72H,"b",66B,110n,"l",66B,110n,76L,72H ("*" 7G0,"shielding/lead/concrete",6,2,2,"shileacon" 8M0,"control rod (absorb neutrons)",1,7,3,"conrodbor" 9;0,"coolant",6,10 ,4,"coosodwatcar" :H0,"moderator to slow neutrons",13 ,5,5,"modgra" ;@0,"fuel rod (uranium)",13 ,9 ,6,"fueura" 00,"water",8,19,0,"wat" ?30,"turbine",4,24,10 ,"tur" @90,"generator (ac)",5,28,0,"gen" AE0,"cooling tower/condenser",9 ,21,0,"coocon" BJ0,"power transmission line",13 ,18,13 ,"powtralin" CH0,"substation transformer",15,11 ,0,"substatra" D11,"low",17,1,0,"lowmai" E1 0,"very",16,17,0,"ver" F 0,"*" XK2,"Butane or propane is stored as","a liquid in a steel container." Y@2,"The gas must be released","slowly at a low pressure." Z72,"The gas burns with the oxygen","in the air." [>2,"In a solar cell light energy","releases electrons." \J2,"The speed of the wind turns a","propeller coupled to a dynamo." ]G2,"The electrical energy makes","chemical changes occur on the" ^;2,"plates and in the electrolyte","of the battery." _<2,"Electrical energy is","converted to light & heat" `D2,"The pump raises water up to","the taps and gives it P.E." a(1,"The diagram is now complete." D2,"Partly fill a measuring","cylinder and record the volume" 32,"Weigh the object and record","its mass." F2,"Place the object into the","liquid and note the new volume" D2,"These are the operations but","not in the correct order." ;2,"You will have to decide on","the correct order." ( 1,"This completes the outline." G2,"The standard plug has 3 pins.","The wires in the cable have" K2,"different colours. It is vital","to connect the EARTH correctly" C2,"The supply passes through the","Board's fuse and meter." 22,"The lighting circuit uses a 5A","fuse." @2,"The cooker has a separate","circuit with a 30A fuse." B2,"The power sockets use a RING","circuit with a 30A fuse" (1,"The diagram is now complete." E2,"The force of the foot is made","larger by a lever system." G2,"As the foot moves the piston","is pushed into the cylinder." G2,"When the foot is taken off a","spring moves the pedal back." D2,"The fluid moves along pipes","which can follow any path." F2,"A piston with a larger surface","area produces more force," )1,"but moves a smaller distance." H2,"Several pistons can be used","and ALL have the SAME pressure" $1,"The outline is complete."  @2,"In the fuel rods an atom ","disintegrates (fission)." !52,"This produces HEAT and several","NEUTRONS" "I2,"The moderator slows down the","neutrons so they are captured." #B2,"by an atom in the fuel rod","which then disintegrates." $82,"This releases MORE neutrons","and more HEAT." %I2,"The control rods can be moved","in to absorb excess neutrons." &>2,"The coolant takes the heat","energy from the core." '=2,"The shielding stops harmful","radiation escaping." (<2,"A heat exchanger boils water","which makes steam" )K2,"to drive the turbine & is then","condensed back to water again." *J2,"The turbine turns a generator","50 times a second to make a.c." +J2,"The power line works at a high","voltage to reduce power loss." ,?2,"The voltage is transformed ","down at a substation." -(1,"The diagram is now complete." @e=15:nm:nd:e A:nm:nd:nm:1800:nm:nd:nm:nd:nm:1800: r0e=15:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: nm:nd:nm:1800 0e=14:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: (nm:nd:nm:1800:nm:1800 nm:nd nm:nd:nm:1800 nm:nd nd:nm:1800  nm:nd:nm:nd (nm:nd:nm:1800:nm:1800 .e=14:nm:nd:e:nm:1800 .e=13:nm:nd:e:nm:1800  #)E2,"This regulates the flow of gas","and lowers the pressure." #*C2,"This is caused by moving","particles hitting an object." #+ 1,"To keep you warm" #,52,"It has ... energy because it","is moving." #-02,"This turns and moves the water","up." #.H2,"This energy is released when","a weight falls/spring unwinds" #/02,"This makes electricity from","light." #052,"This makes electricity from","moving air." #1*1,"A form of PE carried by charge" #2>2,"Stored in substances and","released in 'reactions'" #3$1,"You need this to see by." #[?2,"Think about the physical","quantity being measured." #\*1,"This is used to weigh objects." #])1,"This could be a piece of rock" #^&1,"The liquid level has risen" #_*1,"A unit of this is milli-litre." #`%1,"A general name for a body" #a1,"This = mass/volume" #b1,"round and long" #c'1,"There is more total volume." #d 0 #e1,"You can pour this." #f:2,"The liquid must be in the","measuring cylinder" #g12,"Remember the bottom of the","meniscus" #h1,"To find the mass" #i1,"Totally immersed" #j52,"Use the scale on the measuring","cylinder" #k 1,"Subtract two volumes" #l'1,"Use the mass and the volume" #<2,"If a current flows through","this the fuse blows" #;2,"In a dc circuit this would be","called negative" #62,"Too much current can 'break'","the circuit" #-2,"To prevent pulling on the","cable" # 0 #52,"In a dc circuit this is called","positive" # 0 #'1,"This is really a Joulemeter" # 0 ##1,"Plugs are put into this" #22,"Current can flow from two","directions" #/2,"Used to turn something ON","and OFF" #,2,"This could be marked","240V 100W" # 0 # 0 #&1,"The lever turns round this" # 0 #%1,"Oil is not precise enough" # 0 # 1,"Pu----" #'1,"This is measured in Newton." #1,"M-----ied" #1,"l---r" #1,"m----r" #1,"Force per unit area" #=2,"trans-----d (compressing means","a smaller volume" #1,"s---e" #1,"m---s" #1,"f----ing" #82,"This must be a good absorber","of gamma rays" #(1,"This absorbs excess neutrons" #E2,"This has high thermal capacity","and thermal conductivity" #=2,"This slows the neutrons so","they can be captured" #/2,"This contains the fisson","material" #(1,"This moves the coolant round" #1,"Water as a vapour" #1,"Condensed steam" #1,"This has blades" #:2,"This converts kinetic into","electrical energy" #3,"Nuclear power" # 0 #42,"This changes the size of an","AC voltage" #)1,"240V in comparison to 143000V" # 0 ' 0 B fC DIAGRAM3 יA|ٙB:7:0:7:b$=" " f=0:3910F n=1:f=0 2'a(21):b(21):l(21) <$f1=0:f2=0:f3=0 =+t1=0:r1=5000:c1=0.002xn >v=0:nh=0 @!y$="I'm doing some sorting" B%b$=" " Ca$=b$:l$=b$ znm=2805 :nd=2800 + 400 ,a=12 .z$ 0&i=07:row:z$+i,row:i 2a NG"h",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,126~ PF"i",0,0,0,0,0,0,0,75K ^U"p",255,129,129,129,129,129,129,255 fJ"t",1,2,2,4,132,72H,40(,16 h  3900< i3:4,25:0,116t:180,0:0,-116t:-180,0 20:6,1;"This program revises" &7,1;"your knowledge of" 8,1;"diagrams and the ideas":9 ,1;"linked with them.":10 ,1;"You can select":11 ,1;"from several topics." 12 ,1;"For each topic you":13 ,1;"can choose either to":14,1;"have the topic":15,1;"explained or you can":16,1;"choose from two types":17,1;"of test." 320@:300,  0.1}L,20:1800   449 &2:192,84T,60< 4,23;"If":5,21;"you get":6,20;"a part":7,19;"wrong you ":8,18;"are told why" 9 ,17;"it is wrong, ":10 ,17;"sometimes with":11 ,17;"a reference to":12 ,18;"the GEM. You":13 ,18;"will get ":14,19;"another go":15,21;"later."  454 >18,7;" ":4:64@,112p,60< 1,6;"Each":2,5;"topic":3,4;"continues":4,3;"until you":5,2;"have got all":6,2;"the parts":7,2;"correct, but" 8,2;"you can stop":9 ,2;"at any time":10 ,3;"by pressing":4:0:11 ,4;"symbol":12 ,3;"shift and":13 ,7;"*":7 !340T:300,:442 )0.1}L,20:0:1800  mn=1 x$=" ":3000 c$="*"400 v>96`nn=v-96` v<96`nn=v-64@  nn=53950n  f=1 25000+(nn-1)*100d:x$:700 !0:mn=2:3000 v=101e3950n  lf=1 c$="*"490 =c$="a"c$="A"lf=0:2000:600X:530 2c$="b"c$="B"2000:2300:530 2c$="c"c$="C"2000:1500:530 c$="d"c$="D"490 c$="e"c$="E"3950n X(ml=7000X+(n-1)*502:ml b$8000@+(n-1)*100d: "pap,ink,bor,c$,c$,v,v,v$,v,c$,c$ B:0:6:0,16-(x$/2);x$:0  800 : !7:" ":" "; "6:0 #5"INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC":7:0:"" $v$ &1v$="*"7:0:1800:8204 (v$:804$ 4 :pap:3:7:ink:  :5 72:1,(16-h$/2);h$:0 8,1;"Well done. You have got all":10 ,1;"questions in the section":12 ,1;"CORRECT.":1:14,1;"Now try another topic":0 $i=015:0.1}L,i:i  1800:7:490  k=1q 2(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+a(k) df,l$,l,c,wq,a$ '6:l,c;(64@+k);:7  l(a(k))=k k 0.5,0:1800  c$="":c$=  c$01545  k=1:t=0:nq=l(k) 1 (5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq "df,l$,l,c,wq,a$ $$9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq ' 2450 (d1:19,2;"Press the ";:6:0:"LETTER";:7:1:" by the" ,a1:20,2;g$;" ";:6:21,16-(l$)/2;l$;:7:ink 1 c$="":c$= 6c$=015851 ;c$="*"490 = 2450 @7c$=(64@+l(nq))c$=(96`+l(nq))1650r J. 2:20,2;"WRONG ";:ink:20,10 ;"It was ";(64@+l(nq));:1:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:0.5,-12 :b=2:1800:2450 :6:0:2470 :7:7:2:l,c;(64@+l(nq)):0:7:2450 T 1670 r4:21,1;" RIGHT";:ink:t=t+1:b(k)=0:22-t,0;"";:0.5,12 :b=4:6:0:l,c;"":7:1850::1800 st=q1700 w 1670  k=k+1 wq=01675 'b(k)=0k=k+1:1675  1677 k>qk=1:1673  1673 nq=l(k):1562  1000  D7:0:21,8;"Press SPACE to continue";  c$="":c$= c$01805   c$="":c$= c$="*" f=1490 c$=" "1830& ! 1810 & c$="":c$= (c$01830& *!0:21,2;b$: :df=1l,c;l$ ? X&21,18;"Press SPACE" Z c$="":c$= \c$="*"start ^ c$=" " ` 1882Z =n=nn:dl=(5000+(n-1)*100d):dl:nh=2 gh$,pap,ink,bor,m$,n$::6:0:bor:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:pap:ink:x$=h$ b,e,t$,zl,f$,g$:i=0 =nh=dl+3:4,0;" ":lf=12200    t=0 K6:0:0,(16-(h$)/2);h$;:7:0 U6:i=1q:22-i,0;"";:i:22-i,0;"":7 |1800:6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;m$:20,2;n$:7 2020:  2850" c$ c$="*"21004 c$="p"2080  c$="i"2290 c$="l"2500 c$="t"2700 c$="d"2090*  c$="c"2600(  c$="a"2820 c$="s"2650Z c$="b"2750 c$="x"2810 c$="h"lf=0nh: c$="h"lf=1nh  c$="":c$= c$="*"490  2020  p:p: *x=a:y=b:a,b ,x,y .1;a-x,b-y: > -(5000+(n-1)*100d)+31 @2,9 ;"Here is a list of the";:3,9 ;t$ " "  q=0 df,l$ l$="*"2250 1:" ";l$:ink  x,y,nq,a$ q=q+1:a(q)=q q=141800::" "  2210 r=(*65536)+1 r 21,0;" "; v=99ce=q:b=1 i=1̱y$:y$(i); j=12 x=(*(e-b+1))+b y=(*(e-b+1))+b h=a(x):a(x)=a(y):a(y)=h  j:0.05|L,(-10 +i):i 9i=1q:b(i)=1:i:i=1q:l(a(i))=i:i  2450  1800 ,(5000+(n-1)*100d)+3  2010 i:i: 0.2~L,0:1800  k=1:nq=a(k):2450 gf=0 7:0:19,2;"Type the first ";zl;" character(s) ";:20,2;b$:20,2;f$:0:7 0(5000+(n-1)*100d)+30+nq 21,1;b$ df,l$,l,c,wq,a$ % 9000(#+(n-1)*502+nq w$="" I1:6:1:l,c;:2900T :7:0:0 j=1zl  2410j :0.1}L,10 )6:21,2;w$;:7 j  25 0:l,c;" ";:i=1 !i>a$2450 :2343' $/w$=a$(ii+zl-1)2450 :2350. &i=i+zl:2337! )2450 :0:2:l,c;"":2:21,2;"WRONG ";:0:0.5,-12 :1800:2390V .gf=0:6:1:20,2;l$;:7:4:21,2;"RIGHT":ink:6:l,c;"":7:b(k)=0:21-t,0;"";:t=t+1:0.5,12 :b=4:1850::1800 /t=q2400` 3 2370B Bk=k+1:0 Cwq=02373E D b=2k=l(wq):2385Q Ek>qk=1 F'b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E Gnq=a(k):2305 Q( b(k)=0k=k+1:2373E R 2375G Vb=2:gf=0gf=1:6:9000(#+(nn-1)*502+nq:2470 :2450 :7:0:2450 :2305 X6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:19,2;"The correct answer was":20,2;l$:gf=0:7:0:1800:2450 :2370B ` 1000 n c$="":c$= o&c$=0ůc$=13 2410j pc$="*"530 q>c$=12 w$="":21,2;" ":2325 r(c$)<65A2420t s&(c$)<97ac$=((c$)+32 ) t w$=w$+c$ y c$="":c$= {c$="*"530 ~ c$="" 2425y 19,2;b$; 20,2;b$; 21,2;b$;  0:nl nl=07: >6:19,2;b$:20,2;b$:7 m6:nl=4w$:19,2;"Look up this GEM reference..":20,2;w$:2488 w$:19,2;w$; nl=12488 w$:20,2;w$; *7:0:lf=11800  x,y,a,b:x,y:a-x,b-y: (x,y,r:x,y,r: Z)m:4000+((m-1)*100d): l,c,t$ l,c;t$;  >x,y:i=-11:j=-11:x+i,y+j:j:i: 421,1;b$:nh:2020:1800: -2450 :ml:2470 :ml=ml+1: x,y,h,w 5x,y:0,h:w,0:0,-h:-w,0:  x,y,w,h,a a=a*/180 x,y:w-x,h-y,a: T1:"?":0: :7 &#3500 +(mn-1)*100d + 1 ,.x$" " 0,16-(x$/2);x$ ./h$:2,2;h$:n=1:m=1 6n=1:m=1 8h$ :h$="*"3200 D1:7 N%(3+n),2;(64@+m); X7:0 b(3+n),4;h$ q n=n+2 v m=m+1 { 31288 >"":" ";:1:"Press a LETTER to choose";:7 v$:v$=" "3210 (1:7:18,0;v$ v$:19,0;v$ 0v$:20,0;v$:7:0 0:7 c$="":c$= c$="*" v=(c$) 'v>64@v<(64@+m)3800 'v>96`v<(96`+m)3800 3210 !"DIAGRAMS & IDEAS IN PHYSICS" "Using AC in circuits" "Detecting radiation" "Using electromagnetism" "Millikan's experiment" "Finish using the program" "*" " "," "," " "CHOOSE FROM THIS LIST" "Explanation" "Do you know the names" "Can you recognise the items" "Choose another TOPIC"  "Finish using the program" "*" $r"Remember that pressing "," symbol shift and * will take ","you back to choose another topic"  ":10 :17,i;" ":i:k: 4850:14,11 ;4.8+gi:4850:15,11 ;1.9s333+gi:4850:16,11 ;7.6s333+gi:4850:17,11 ;3.8s333+gi: &gi=((*5)-2)/10 : 6"Electric circuits using AC",7,0,7 k"See how the circuit is"," built up",1,13 ,"components",3,"of the component","component" "In an alternating current flow","the electrons do not drift round","the wire from negative to","positive but oscillate backwards","and forwards. This is because","the polarity of the supply","changes +-+-+- etc."," ","This changing current can be","used to induce an e.m.f. in ","another circuit using a","transformer."," ","In a direct current flow the","electrons all drift in one","direction and so a diode is","used to convert ac into dc.","*" "t",11 ,2,"6Vac","c",24,96`,4,"c",24,74J,4,"l",24,68D,24,28,"l",24,28,524,28,"l",524,28,524,568,"s",1,"l",524,112p,524,140,"l",524,140,480,140,"l",480,148,32 ,140,"l",32 ,140,24,140,"l",24,140,24,100d <"l",60<,112p,60<,568,"s",2,"l",68D,568,68D,28,"l",68D,112p,68D,140,"l",68D,140,136,140,"l",68D,28,232,28,"b",92\,140,"l",92\,140,92\,120x,"c",92\,112p,8 `"l",86V,106j,98b,118v,"l",98b,106j,86V,118v,"l",92\,104h,92\,68D,"l",80P,68D,104h,68D,"l",80P,67C,104h,67C,"l",80P,60<,104h,60<,"l",80P,59;,104h,59;,"l",92\,61=,92\,28,"b",92\,28 i"b",116t,140,"l",116t,140,116t,128,"s",3,"l",122z,128,122z,88X,"l",116t,88X,116t,568,"c",116t,480,8,"l",110n,546,122z,42*,"l",122z,546,110n,42*,"l",116t,40(,116t,28,"b",116t,28,"h",5009 E"l",136,148,136,132,"d",148,140 "i",1,"l",148,140,136,148,"l",148,132,148,148,"l",148,140,168,140,"b",160,140,"l",160,140,160,120x,"l",160,120x,152,104h,"l",160,104h,160,84T,"l",160,84T,172,84T,"l",172,84T,172,80P,"l",172,80P,148,80P,"l",148,80P,148,84T x"l",148,84T,160,84T,"s",4,"l",160,72H,160,28,"b",160,28 "b",160,92\,"l",160,92\,212,92\,"d",212,80P,"c",212,68D,12 ,"t",13 ,26,"V","l",212,568,212,28,"b",212,28,"b",188,92\,"l",188,92\,188,80P,"l",192,80P,184,80P,"d",184,480,"d",192,480,"d",192,80P,"l",188,480,188,28,"b",188,28,"h",5015 "i",1,"c",180,140,12 ,"t",4,22,"A","l",192,140,208,140,"l",208,144,208,136 "l",208,136,240,136,"d",240,144,"d",208,144,"l",224,136,224,124|,"l",224,136,220,132,"l",224,136,228,132,"l",224,124|,232,124|,"d",232,110n,"c",232,104h,6,"l",226,110n,238,110n,"l",226,98b,238,98b,"l",232,98b,232,28 "*" 20,"ammeter",6,22,0,"amm" :0,"lamp or bulb",9 ,12 ,0,"bullam" 50,"capacitor",15,10 ,0,"cap" 60,"diode",5,17,0,"diosemrec" B0,"electrolytic capacitor",13 ,18,3,"ele" 60,"inductance",8,15,11 ,"ind" 00,"motor",8,30,0,"mot" 70,"primary coil",10 ,5,0,"pri" 40,"resistor",15,22,0,"res" 10,"switch",8,20,0,"swi" P0,"transformer - soft iron core",15,7,6,"trasofirocor" 50,"voltmeter",15,27,0,"vol" @0,"wire or conductor",18,18,0,"wircon" ?0,"variable resistor",4,28,0,"varrhe" 90,"secondary coil",10 ,9 ,0,"sec"  0,"*" /"Detecting radiation",7,0,7 v"Radio : infra-red : light","ultra-violet : X-rays : gamma",1,19,"labels",3,"of the label","label" Q"Each frequency of radiation","uses a different method."," ","Radio :aerial"," ","Infra-red :thermopile or"," photodiode"," ","Light :diffraction grating"," or prism"," ","Ultra-violet :photodiode"," fluorescent screen"," ","X-rays :photographic film"," ","Gamma rays :Geiger-Muller tube","*" "t",1,2,"'Radioactive' particles","t",2,2,"Geiger-Muller tube","l",26,144,84T,144,"d",84T,112p,"d",26,112p,"a",26,112p,26,144,45-,"l",40(,128,156,128,"l",76L,112p,76L,100d,"d",84T,100d,"c",88X,100d,4,"c",108l,100d,4,"l",112p,100d,156,100d,"x",122z,104h,18,4,"l",124|,128,124|,122z,"b",124|,128,"l",124|,104h,124|,100d,"b",124|,100d,"t",4,15,"output","t",6,17,"to","t",7,16,"counter","h",5105 "c",480,138,4,"l",16,128,68D,148,"b",36$,140,"b",44,,132,"b",568,136,"h",5106 "l",148,104h,152,104h,"d",152,110n,"d",160,110n,"d",160,104h,"d",164,104h,"h",5107 I"i",1,"t",1,27,"Radio","t",2,27,"waves","l",185,136,216,136,"d",216,114r,"l",255,136,224,136,"d",224,114r,"a",185,136,255,136,-45-,"a",185,136,255,136,45-,"h",5108 j"i",1,"t",8,23,"electro-","t",9 ,23,"induction","i",0,"h",5109 "i",1,"t",11 ,1,"Light","l",32 ,568,480,80P,"d",64@,568,"d",32 ,568,"l",12 ,568,40(,68D,"d",568,68D,"d",88X,60<,"l",40(,68D,58:,65A,"d",88X,524,"t",16,2,"angle of","t",17,2,"refraction","t",18,2,"depends on the -----","h",5110 "i",1,"l",122z,86V,122z,70F,"l",122z,66B,122z,524,"l",108l,68D,138,68D,"x",138,546,24,4,"l",142,68D,168,68D,"l",142,68D,156,88X,"l",142,68D,170,86V,"a",162,80P,166,68D,-30,"l",142,68D,166,524,"l",142,68D,156,480,"h",5112 "i",0,"t",11 ,23,"Infra-red","x",202,480,28,2,"l",216,44,,204,480,"d",216,524,"d",204,60<,"d",216,66B,"d",204,72H,"d",216,78N,"d",236,78N,"d",236,68D,"c",236,60<,8,"l",236,524,236,44,,"d",216,44,,"t",17,24,"many in","t",18,24,"-----","h",5113 "*"  80,"mica window",6,3,0,"micwin"  70,"wire anode",6,8,3,"wirano"  B0,"metal tube cathode",8,7,0,"mettubcat" 30,"resistor",7,15,0,"res" C0,"negative",10 ,10 ,0,"neg-vemin- - -" C0,"positive",10 ,13 ,5,"pos+ve+ + +plu" C0,"standing/stationary wave",5,24,0,"sta" ;0,"dipole aerial",5,27,0,"dipaer" 30,"magnetic",8,31,0,"mag" 30,"prism",15,6,0,"pri60 " 50,"red light",14,11 ,0,"red" D0,"blue/violet light",15,11 ,11 ,"viobluind" :0,"narrow slit",12 ,15,0,"narsli" D0,"angle of diffraction",12 ,21,15,"difang" B0,"diffraction grating",15,17,0,"difgra" C0,"black metal plate",13 ,24,0,"blametthe" E0,"voltmeter/galvanometer",14,29,0,"volgal" 90,"thermocouples",17,29,0,"the" 21,"series",18,24,0,"ser" 41,"speed",18,17,0,"spevel"  0,"*" P2"Using electromagnetism",7,0,7 Qy"The size of the field is fixed","by the current,turns & core",1,16,"labels",3,"of the label","label" RY"Electromagnetism is used in"," ","A car starter motor","A relay","An electric bell","A loudspeaker"," ","The size of the force produced","is increased if the"," ","number of turns is increased","current flowing is increased","core is made from soft iron"," ","The direction of winding ","determines the polarity (right","hand grip rule).","*" T"i",1,"t",2,19,"BELL","x",156,116t,16,480,"x",156,76L,16,480,"x",208,152,12 ,24,"b",220,156,"l",220,156,220,132,"x",214,76L,568,12 ,"t",11 ,27,"N","l",220,76L,220,480,"c",220,44,,4,"c",196,44,,16,"l",226,88X,232,60<,"d",232,524,"x",232,568,8,22,"x",240,524,16,8,"l",244,68D,244,84T,"c",244,92\,8,"t",10 ,30,"+" U%"l",220,156,192,156,"d",192,116t,"a",192,116t,184,116t,-180,"a",184,132,176,132,180,"l",176,132,176,116t,"a",176,116t,168,116t,-180,"a",168,132,160,132,180,"l",160,132,160,92\,"a",160,76L,168,76L,180,"l",168,76L,168,92\,"a",168,92\,176,92\,-180,"a",176,76L,184,76L,180,"l",184,76L,184,92\,"a",186,92\,192,92\,-180,"l",192,76L,192,68D,"d",156,68D,"c",148,68D,8,"t",13 ,18,"-","h",5206V V"s",5,"h",5207W W"s",6,"h",5208X X"i",0,"x",84T,116t,16,36$,"l",116t,132,126~,144,"d",120x,132,"l",104h,144,104h,148,"d",130,148,"d",130,116t,"d",126~,116t,"d",126~,144,"d",104h,144,"l",88X,92\,88X,116t,"a",88X,132,96`,132,-180,"l",96`,132,96`,116t,"a",96`,116t,104h,116t,180,"a",104h,132,112p,132,-180,"l",112p,132,112p,92\,"l",108l,148,108l,152,"t",1,13 ,"","t",2,13 ,"","h",5209Y Y"x",12 ,84T,16,32 ,"b",20,92\,"b",36$,92\,"l",36$,92\,60<,92\,"d",72H,100d,"l",72H,92\,88X,92\,"l",20,92\,20,76L,"d",112p,76L,"d",112p,91[,"x",17,148,4,8,"x",34",160,8,4,"x",480,148,4,8,"x",34",128,8,4,"c",36$,148,11 Z"l",19,92\,19,148,"l",20,92\,20,148,"l",20,128,34",128,"l",20,129,34",129,"l",35#,92\,35#,113q,"l",36$,92\,36$,113q,"l",35#,112p,72H,112p,"l",35#,113q,72H,113q,"l",71G,112p,71G,153,"l",72H,112p,72H,153,"l",71G,152,104h,152,"l",71G,153,104h,153,"l",38&,166,568,166,"l",38&,165,568,165,"l",557,166,557,152,"l",568,166,568,152,"l",568,160,104h,160,"l",568,161,104h,161 [ "t",13 ,2,"car starter","t",14,2,"motor circuit","t",15,2,"using a -----.","t",16,2,"The motor has two","t",17,2,"pairs of -------","t",18,2,"and ------- coils.","h",5212\ \"*" o40,"spring",4,27,0,"sprret" p80,"north pole",6,24,0,"norpol" qC0,"soft iron armature",8,28,0,"armsofiro" r80,"south pole",6,27,0,"soupol" sA0,"adjustable contact",14,29,0,"adjcon" t=0,"hammer/striker",16,28,0,"hamstr" u80,"bell/gong",16,24,0,"belgon" v@0,"soft iron core",11 ,19,0,"corsofiro" w30,"contacts",2,14,0,"con" x20,"coil",8,12 ,0,"coirel" y70,"thin wire",9 ,14,0,"thiwir" z@0,"ignition switch",10 ,8,0,"swiignsta" {B0,"lead acid battery",10 ,3,0,"batleaaci" |;0,"thick wire",4,9 ,0,"thick wire" }90,"carbon brush",2,2,0,"carbru" ~:0,"starter motor",3,4,0,"stamot" 41,"relay",15,10 ,0,"relsol" 31,"brushes",17,11 ,0,"bru" 51,"several",18,6,0,"sevman"  0,"*" :"Millikan's oil drop experiment",7,0,7 t"All charge is a whole number","times the fundamental charge",1,9 ,"items",3,"of the item","item" "This experiment uses charged","oil drops to find a value for","the fundamental unit of electric","charge."," ","As oil is sprayed into the gap","between two plates drops are","formed which become charged by","friction. ","A voltage between the plates","will cause an electric field.","The voltage needed to hold a","particular drop stationary will","depend on the charge on the","drop.","*" y"x",24,140,2,32 ,"l",568,142,480,152,"x",60<,140,2,28,"l",60<,142,68D,152,"x",24,98b,2,72H,"c",568,120x,14,"x",92\,140,24,78N,"t",2,12 ,"---- p.d.","t",3,12 ,"variable","b",144,142,"b",160,142,"b",84T,140,"l",84T,140,84T,132,"d",116t,132,"d",116t,120x,"l",132,132,144,132,"d",144,142,"l",132,116t,132,100d,"l",84T,100d,160,100d,"d",160,142,"b",132,100d,"b",100d,132,"l",100d,132,100d,122z,"c",100d,116t,6,"l",100d,110n,100d,100d,"b",100d,100d,"h",5306 "l",116t,120x,132,116t,"t",7,12 ,"V","l",16,120x,32 ,120x,"l",28,124|,32 ,120x,"d",28,116t,"x",16,148,16,20,"l",36$,160,60<,160,"d",60<,148,"l",36$,156,568,156,"d",568,148,"b",46.,122z,"b",546,116t,"b",64@,120x,"h",5308 "i",7,"l",116t,120x,132,116t,"i",0,"l",116t,120x,132,132,"t",6,6," ","h",5310 "l",76L,128,76L,112p,"d",80P,112p,"d",80P,118v,"d",88X,118v,"d",88X,122z,"d",80P,122z,"d",80P,128,"d",76L,128,"h",5312 "i",1,"t",1,22,"spray oil","t",3,22,"calculate","t",4,22,"------","t",6,22,"record V","t",8,22,"repeat","t",10 ,22,"adjust V","t",11 ,22,"until drop","t",12 ,22,"----------","t",14,22,"time ----","t",15,22,"fall","t",17,22,"irradiate","t",18,22,"drop" "t",12 ,1,"STEP1","t",13 ,1,"STEP2","t",14,1,"STEP3","t",15,1,"STEP4","t",16,1,"STEP5","t",17,1,"STEP6","t",18,1,"STEP7","i",0,"h",5315 "i",0,"x",60<,28,64@,112p,"l",60<,68D,172,68D,"t",12 ,8,"Qx10 /C units","t",11 ,12 ,"-19 no.of","l",124|,92\,124|,28,"s",9 ,"h",5316 ă"l",44,,128,68D,128,"l",44,,112p,68D,112p,"l",32 ,108l,480,112p,"*" 90,"light source",6,2,0,"liglam" E0,"parallel metal plates",4,4,0,"parmetpla" <0,"graticule lines",8,3,0,"gralin" 60,"oil spray",2,3,0,"oilspr" C0,"radioactive source",7,10 ,0,"radsoux-r" 21,"high",2,12 ,0,"higlar" 11,"charge",4,22,0,"cha" 91,"stationary",12 ,22,0,"stasto" 01,"free",14,27,0,"fre" 50,"spray oil",12 ,7,10 ,"spr" 70,"adjust V",13 ,7,11 ,"adjalt" 50,"record ..",14,7,12 ,"rec" 30,"time ..",15,7,13 ,"tim" 80,"calculate ..",16,7,14,"cal" 50,"irradiate",17,7,15,"irr" >0,"repeat from step 2",18,7,16,"rep" 61,"3",14,18,0,"3 3 3thr" 61,"1",15,18,0,"1 1 1one" 61,"4",16,18,0,"4 4 4fou" 61,"2",17,18,0,"2 2 2two"  0,"*" XI2,"A transformer can be used to","change the size of the voltage" Y82,"Nothing happens until the","switch is closed" Z:2,"The lamp in series with the","capacitor lights" [=2,"because a capacitor has a","low resistance to ac " \<2,"but an INDUCTANCE has a ","high resistance to ac" ]D2,"A diode converts ac into dc","A voltmeter is in parallel" ^D2,"When the second switch is","closed the capacitor charges" _G2,"Open 2nd switch and capacitor","discharges through resistor" `C2,"Closing the 2nd switch again","re-charges the capacitor" aG2,"The ammeter measures current","flow and is ALWAYS in series" b'1,"The diagram is now complete" ;2,"The tube contains argon gas at","a low pressure" 92,"When a particle enters it","causes ionization" J2,"The electrons and ions flow to","the electrodes giving a pulse" B2,"The radio waves induce a","standing wave in the aerial" A2,"This induces an e.m.f by","electromagnetic induction" G2,"Blue light travels slower than","red light and is bent more" F2,"With a diffraction grating","each colour has its own angle" B2,"A thermopile has a black","surface to absorb radiation" #1,"The outline is complete" :2,"A current flows and the iron","armature moves." D2,"The hammer strikes the bell.","The contact is broken and" G2,"the spring moves the armature","back so the process repeats" >2,"A relay is a switch operated","by an electromagnet" A2,"A car starter motor circuit","carries a large current" >2,"Switch closed: small current","energizes the relay" '1,"The outline is now complete" F2,"The space between two plates","is viewed with a microscope" :2,"The plates are earthed and oil","is sprayed in" =2,"One voltage on the plates","can hold a drop still" C2,"A radioactive source can be","used to change the charge" >2,"These are the steps but not","in the correct order" &1,"Here is a table of results" '1,"The outline is now complete" @nm:nd:nm:1800 B 8060| D0nm:1800:nm:1800:nm:1800 F0nm:nd:nm:1800:8080:1800 HPnm:1800:8090:1800:nm:1800:8080:1800 Jnm:nd:nm:1800 h j 0 kjf1=1f2=1f3=0:v=8.5:4:13 ,25;(v*10 )/10 ;:ink l<(f1=0f2=0)f3=0t1=0:f3=1 mv08047o nmf1=0f2=0v=8.5*(-t1/(r1*c1)):3:13 ,25;(v*10 )/10 ;:ink ot1=t1+0.1}L |f1=1 }]0:3,4;" ":4,4;" ":32 ,140:16,0 ~pa=6:8096 pap  f1=1  f1=0 F0:4,4;" ":32 ,140:16,8 pa=pap:8096 f1=0:1   1 X7,19;" ":8,19;" ":160,120x:0,-16 8v=8.5:13 ,25;(v*10 )/10  0: 1:t1=0 d0:7,19;" ";:8,19;" ";:160,120x:-8,-16 ~v=8.5*(-t1/(r1*c1)):3:13 ,25;(v*10 )/10 ;:ink:t1=t1+0.1}L:v>18092  0: pa:6,9 ;" ";:7,9 ;" ";:7,13 ;" ";:8,9 ;" ";:8,13 ;" ";:9 ,9 ;" "; L92\,128:0,-8:92\,104h:0,-8  0e=18:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: 0e=16:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: l0e=16:nm:nd:e:nm:1800: #)*1,"An ammeter is always in series" #* 0 #+'1,"Has it got two solid lines?" #,&1,"This only conducts one way" #-@2,"An electrolytic capacitor has","only one solid line." #.%1,"Has it only got one coil?" #/A2,"This converts electrical","energy into kinetic energy" #0!1,"Part of a transformer" #1 0 #2 0 #3>2,"A transformer has two coils","and a soft iron core" #4&1,"Measures energy difference" #54,"page 123" #6 0 #7#1,"Part of a transformer" #[22,"Very thin to allow particles","through" #\"1,"Electrons move to this" #]&1,"Positive ions move to this" #^22,"A current through this causes","a p.d." #_'1,"The short side of a battery" #`&1,"The long side of a battery" #a1,"Nodes and antinodes" #b1,"On the roof" #c1,"A field" #d 0 #e,2,"ROYGBIV","the longest wavelength" #f-2,"ROYGBIV","the shortest wavelength" #g"1,"Makes a very fine beam" #h1,"Its an angle" #i=2,"Its not reflection or ","refraction but diff....." #jF2,"It must be a good conductor of","heat and the right colour" #k 1,"This measures e.m.f." #l?2,"Produces a voltage by a","difference in temperature" #m%1,"Like batteries in a torch" #n1,"How fast" #.2,"This returns when it is","released" #(1,"Like repel, opposite attract" #)1,"This makes a temporary magnet" #(1,"Like repel, opposite attract" #4,"Relay" #4,"Bell" #4,"Relay" #92,"The wire only carries a","current of about 4A" #/2,"You turn this to start the","engine" #G2,"This has a very low internal","resistance and contains acid" #?2,"The wire must carry a large","current of about 200A" #22,"This produces a low friction","contact" ##1,"This turns the flywheel" #32,"A switch operated by an","electromagnet" #72,"To connect the moving coil to","the current" #G2,"If more coils are used there","is a larger, more even force" #.2,"You must be able to see the","drop" #:2,"They must be made from a","conducting material" #02,"To see how far the drop has","fallen" # 1,"An insulating liquid" #%1,"This emits alpha and beta" # 0 #F2,"Look for a multiple of 1.9","which is the fundamental unit" ' 0 B fC2